NSTP Report

INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER MANAGEMENT
DISASTER
- It's an event that causes serious harm to people, buildings, economies or the environment and
the affected community cannot handle it alone.
TYPES OF DISASTER
NATURAL DISASTER- Are hazardous events which occur naturally. They are caused by sudden
changes in the environment.
MAN-MADE HAZARD - This are hazard that are caused by humans or their actions either
deliberately or by accident.
HAZARD
- A danger/ situation with the potential for harm in terms of injury, ill health, damage to property
& environment.
TYPES OF HAZARD
BIOLOGICAL HAZARD
Are extremely dangerous, it includes dangerous substance& disease producing agents
(pathogens) that can be transmitted to individuals.
Examples:
Viruses
Toxins from biological sources
Fungi
Microorganisms/Bacteria
GEOLOGICAL HAZARD
Refers to a natural event that occurs regularly & can cause disruption and destruction such as
earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis.
Examples:
Landslides
Earthquake
Tsunamis
HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL HAZARD
Are atmospheric, hydrological or Oceanographic origin.
Examples:
Tropical cyclone (Typhoon and Hurricanes)
Floods
SOCIO-NATURAL HAZARD
Is hazard that is caused by a combination of natural and human made factors.
Examples:
Flooding can be caused by heavy rains, landslides or human waste blocking drains
TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARD
An event that can cause injury, death or other negative consequences due to technological or
industrial conditions, human activity.
Examples:
Factory Explosions
Fires
Industrial Pollution
Nuclear Radiation
Toxic waste
Transportation accident
VULNERABILITY
Vulnerability refers to the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset

that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of the occurrence of a hazard.
Factors that are contributory to vulnerability are categorised as follows:
1. Geographical Factors
2. Climate Factors
3. Social Factors
4. Economic Factors
5. Physical Factors
6. Environmental Factors
7. Development- related Factors
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Disaster risk reduction ( DRR) is a concept in disaster management that refers to the process
of reducing disaster risk through systematic effort.
Disaster Management is a process that aims to avoid or reduce potential losses from hazard.
TWO PHASES:
Pre-disaster phase - is focused on capacity building or the development of the resiliency of

communities in responding to disaster.
Post-disaster phase- A progresses from immediate response during the disaster to rehabilitation
and reconstruct toward recovery.
DISASTER PREVENTION
Disaster prevention includes activities towards the establishment of safeguards that avoid or stop
the effect of a disaster.
Disaster occurs because people tend to ignore hazard or they hope that it will not come on its
own time like typhoon or it will not pass its way like a flood.
MITIGATION - is a pre-disaster stage in disaster management that aims to reduce the risk from
hazards.it ensure that measures are undertakento limit the adverse impact of natural hazards,
environmental,degradation,and technological hazards and to ensure the ability of at-risk
communities to address vulnerabilities aimed at minimizing the impact of disaster.
PREPAREDNESS -involves all activities that aim to minimize the loss of human lives and
destruction of assets through the prompt and efficient actions to response and rehabilitation
effective preparedness allows communities and institutions to provide.
RESPONSE -is the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately
after the disaster in order to save lives,reduces health impacts,ensure public safety and meet the
basic substance needs of people affected.
RECOVERY-this is the return into normal life of the survivors of a disaster.it is restoration and
improvement where appropriate,of facilities,livehoods and living conditions of disaster affected
communities,including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors.
EVALUATION-disaster risk reduction managers must conduct evaluation while recovery actions
are being implemented.
evaluation is the last stage of disaster management but it's finding are valuable starting inputs for
the refinement of existing plans or for the formulation of other plans.

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INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Vulnerability refers to the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset

Factors that are contributory to vulnerability are categorised as follows:

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

Pre-disaster phase - is focused on capacity building or the development of the resiliency of

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