RVS TECHNICAL CAMPUS COIMBATORE

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

III SEMESTER

AI3303- Fluid Mechanics and Pumps

Regulation – 2021
 QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT: AI3303– FLUID MECHANICS AND PUMPS

SEM / YEAR: III/II

UNIT I - FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLUID STATICS

Definition and properties of fluid - Mass density – Specific weight - Specific volume – Specific
gravity - Equation of state – Perfect gas - Viscosity – Vapour pressure – Compressibility and
elasticity - Surface tension – Capillarity- Fluid statics – Fluid pressure and measurement –
simple, differential and micro manometers - Mechanical gauges - Forces on plane and curved
surfaces - Buoyancy and floatation - Stability of floating bodies.

PART – A
BT Competence
Q.No Questions
Level
1. Distinguish between gauge pressure and vacuum pressure BT-3 Application
2. Write down the expression for capillary fall in terms of BT-1 Remember
surface tension
3. Explain Newton‟s Law of Viscosity. BT-2 Understand
4. Classify the Types of fluids BT-3 Understand
5. What are the properties of real fluid? BT-2 Evaluate
6. Define Centre of Pressure BT-1 Remember
7. Define Mass Density BT-1 Remember
8. Define specific gravity BT-1 Remember
9. Define Buoyancy BT-1 Remember
10. Define Compressibility BT-1 Remember
11. Define Surface tension and Capillarity BT-1 Remember
12. Name the devices that are used to measure the pressure of a
BT-2 Understand
fluid
13. Relate absolute pressure and gauge pressure BT-2 Understand
14. How does solid and fluid response to deformation when
constant shear force is applied? BT-2 Understand

15. Compare specific weight and specific volume BT-2 Understand

16. Distinct b/w statics and kinematics. BT-3 Application
17. Give the difference between liquid and gas. BT-3 Application
18. Find the kinematic viscosity of oil having density 981 kg/m3.
The shear stress at a pointin oil is 0.2452N/m2 and velocity BT-3 Application
gradient at that point is 0.2m/sec.
19. Differentiate fluid and solid. BT-2 Understand

20. State Archimedes principle. BT-1 Remember

21. Write the value of specific gravity and density of water and Analyse
BT-4
mercury.
22. State pascal‟s law BT-1 Remember
23. What is manometric liquid and where it is used? BT-2 Understand
24. Two horizontal plates are placed 1.25 cm apart. The space
between them is being filled with oil of viscosity 14 poises.
BT-3 Application
Examine the shear stress in oil if upper plate is moved with a
velocity of 2.5 m/s
25. Temperature rise, decreases viscosity in liquids but increases BT-3 Application
in gases, why?

PART - B
1. a. Calculate the specific weight, density and specific gravity
of one litre of a liquid, which weighs 7N.
BT-3 Application
b. Calculate the density, specific weight and weight of one
litre of petrol of specific gravity = 0.7
2. The space between two parallel horizontal plates is kept 5 mm
apart. This is filled with crude oil of dynamic viscosity 2.5 kg-
s/m2. If the lower plate is stationary and the upper plate is BT-3 Application
pulled with velocity of 1.75 m/s, determine the shear stress on
the lower plate
3. The space between two parallel plates 4 mm apart is filled
with an oil of specific gravity 0.85. The upper plate of area
BT-3 Application
600 cm2 is dragged with constant velocity of 0.75 m/s by
applying a force of 0.2 kgf to it. Assume straight line velocity
distribution and calculate velocity gradient, dynamic viscosity
of oil in poise and kinematic viscosity of oil in stokes
4. What do you mean by viscosity?. Velocity distribution of a
fluid of dynamic viscosity 8.63 poise is u =2/3y – y 2
in
BT-1 Remember
which u is the velocity in m/sec at a distance meter above the
plate. Determine the shear stress at y = 0 and y = 1.5m

5. A plate with surface area of 0.4 m2 and weight of 500 N slides

down on an inclined plane at 300 to the horizontal at a
constant speed of 4 m/s. If the inclined plane is lubricated BT-2 Understand
with an oil of dynamic viscosity 2 poises, find the thickness of
lubricant film.
6. A vertical gap 23.5 mm wide of infinite extent contains oil of
specific gravity 0.9 and viscosity 2.5 N-s/m2. A metal plate
1.5m * 1.5m * 1.5mm weighing 50N is to be lifted through BT-3 Application
the gap at a constant speed of 0.1 m/sec. Estimate the force
required to lift the plate.
7. An oil of viscosity 5 poise is used for lubrication between a
shaft and sleeve. The diameter of the shaft is 0.5m and it
BT-3 Application
rotates at 200 r.p.m. Calculate the power lost in oil for a
sleeve length of 100mm. The thickness of oil film is 1.0mm
8. Explain the three conditions of equilibrium developed when a
BT-2 Understand
floating body is given a sight angular displacement.
9. Derive an expression for the pressure inside a droplet, hollow
BT-2 Understand
bubble and a free jet.

10. Explain about different types of manometer in detail BT-2 Understand

11. For the gauge pressure of (-25960 N/m2) at A. Determine the
BT-3 Application
specific gravity of the gauge liquid B as shown in fig.

12. a. A circular plate of 3.0m diameter is immersed in water in

such a way that its greatest and least depth below the free
surface are 4m and 1.5m respectively. Determine the total
pressure on one face of the plate and position of centre of
pressure
BT-3 Application
b. A metallic cube 30cm side and weighing 45 N is lowered
into a tank containing a two fluid layer of water and mercury.
Top edge of the cube is at water surface. Determine the
position of block at water-mercury interface when it has
reached equilibrium.
13. A block of wood of specific gravity 0.7 floats in water.
Determine the meta-centric height of the block if its size is 2 BT-3 Application
m * 1 m * 0.8 m.
14. a. A rigid steel container is partially filled with a liquid at 15
atm. The volume of the liquid is 1.232 L. At a pressure of 30
atm, the volume of the liquid is 1.231 L. (Atmosphere
pressure = 101.3 kPa). What is the bulk modulus of elasticity
(K) of the liquid over the given range of pressure? And what
BT-3 Application
is the coefficient of compressibility?

b. The velocity distribution in m/s near the solid wall at a

section is a laminar flow is given by u = 5 sin (𝜋y). If µ = 5
poise. Find the shear stress at y = 0.05m in N/m2.

PART - C
1. Derive an expression for the depth of centre of pressure from
free surface of liquid of an inclined plane surface submerged BT-1 Remember
in the liquid
2. Explain different pressure measuring devices. BT-2 Understand
3. Explain the characteristics of Newtonian and non-
BT-2 Understand
Newtonian fluids in detail
4. Through a very narrow gap of height h, a thin plate of large
extent is pulled at a velocity V. On one side of the plate is oil
of viscosity µ1 and on theother side of oil of viscosity µ 2.
BT-3 Application
Calculate the position of the plate so that (i) the shear force on
the two sides of the plate is equal; (ii) the pull required to drag
the plate is minimum.

UNIT II - FLUID KINEMATICS AND FLUID DYNAMICS

Classification of flows - Methods of analysis- Continuum hypothesis - System and Control
volume approach - Streamline, streak-line and path-lines - Stream function - Velocity potentials
- Flow nets-Application of control volume to continuity, energy and momentum - Euler’s
equation of motion along a stream line - Bernoulli’s equation - Linear momentum equation –
Applications
PART – A
BT Competence
Q.No Questions
Level
1. Classify the types of Motion BT-2 Understand
2. What do you understand from Continuity Equation? BT-4 Analyse
3. List the properties of potential function BT-1 Remember
4 Write the integral form of momentum equation BT-3 Application
5. What do you infer from vorticity? BT-5 Evaluate
6. Define flow net. BT-1 Remember
7. Define Stream function. BT-1 Remember
8. Define velocity potential function. BT-1 Remember
9. Define “Vortex flow” BT-1 Remember
10. State Principles of conservation of mass BT-1 Remember
11. Enumerate the equation velocity of fluid flow BT-1 Remember
12. Compare Laminar flow and turbulent flow BT-2 Understand
13. What are flow pattern obtained in fluid flow? BT-2 Understand
14. Define rate of flow. BT-2 Understand
15. Define Principles of conservation of energy. BT-2 Understand
16. Write the properties of stream function BT-3 Application
17. Derive the continuity equation. BT-3 Application
18. Distinguish between stream line and streak line. BT-3 Application
19. Outline the expression for Circulation. BT-4 Analyse
20. Distinguish between uniform and non-uniform flow BT-4 Analyse
21 What is stream tube path line? BT-4 Analyse
22 Write and infer the equations of motion BT-5 Evaluate
23 Define circulation and write its expressions BT-5 Evaluate
24 Illustrate the equation for acceleration of flow of fluid. BT-6 Create
25 Write Euler‟sequation. BT-6 Create

PART– B

1. Two velocity components are given in the following cases,

find the third component such that they satisfy the continuity
equation BT-1 Remember
a) u = x3+ y2 + 2z2; v = -x2 y – yz–xy
b) u = log (y2 + z2) ; v = log(x2 + z2)
2. The velocity components in a two-dimensional field for an
incompressible fluid are expressed as u = (y3/3) + 2x – x2 y; v
= xy2 – 2y – (x3/3) BT-1 Remember
a) obtain the expression for stream function
b) obtain the expression for velocity potential
3. For a three dimensional flow field described by V = (y2 + z2) i
+ (x2 + z2)j + (x2 + y2)k. Find at (1,2,3) a) the components of BT-1 Remember
acceleration b) the components of rotation.
4. For a two dimensional flow Φ = 3xy and Ψ = (y2 - x2) 3/2.
Determine the velocity components at the points (1,3) and
BT-1 Remember
(3,3). Also find the discharge passing between the streamlines
passing through the points given above.

5. The stream function Ψ = 4xy in which y is in cm2/sec and x

and y are in meters describe the incompressible flow between
the boundary shown below. Calculate
BT-2 Understand
a) Velocity at B.
b) Convective acceleration at B.
c) Flow per unit width across AB.
6. The velocity components of the two dimensional plane motion
2 2
of a fluid are u = 𝑦 −𝑥 and v = −2𝑥𝑦 .Show that the fluid BT-2 Understand
(x2 + y2)2 (x2 + y2)2

is incompressible and flow is iirotational

7. a) A stream function is given by Ψ = 3x2 – y3. Determine the
magnitude of velocity components at the point (2, 1).

b) A stream function in a two dimensional flow is Ψ = 2xy. BT-2 Understand

Show that the flow is irrotational and determine the
corresponding velocity potential Φ.

8. A ripple 200 m long slop down at 1 in 100 and taper from 600
mm diameter at the higher end to 300 mm diameter at the
lower end, and carries 100 litres/ sec of oil having
BT-3 Application
specified gravity 0.8. If the pressure gauge at the higher
end reads 60 kN/m2, determine the velocities at the two
ends and also the pressure at the lower end
9. Explain about principle of conservation of mass and
BT-3 Application
momentum
10. In a three dimensional flow, the components of velocity are u
= xy, v = 4yz3 and w = - (yz + z4). Test whether the continuity
BT-3 Application
equation for incompressible fluid flow is satisfied. Determine
the acceleration vector at point (1, 1, 1).
11. For a two dimensional irrotational flow, the velocity potential
is defined as Φ = loge(x2 + y 2). Find the possible stream BT-4 Analyse
function(Ψ) for this flow.
12. The velocity of an incompressible fluid flow is given by U =
(Px – Q)i + Ryj + Stk m/s where P = 3 s -1, Q = 4 m/s, R = 3 s-1
BT-4 Analyse
and S = 5 m/s2. Find the local and convective acceleration
components at x =1m, y = 2m and t = 5s.
13. a) The velocity in m/s at appoint in a two dimensional flow is
given as V = 3i + 5j. Find the equation of the stream line
passing through the point (x, y).
b) In a 2m long tapered duct, the area is function of x and
BT-5 Evaluate
decreases as Ax = (0.4 – 0.1x) where x is distance in meters
measured from the lef end of the duct. It was found to increase
discharge at the rate of increase discharge at the rate of 0.12
m3/s/s. Find the local acceleration in m/s2 at x = 2m.
14. In a certain 2 – D potential flow the streamline passing
through a point A = (1, 1) has the following equation xy =1. BT-6 Create
Find the equation of the equipotential line passing through A.

PART - C
1. Derive Euler equation of motion BT-3 Application
2. Derive 3D continuity equation in differential form BT-2 Evaluate

3. The velocity component for a two dimensional

incompressible flow are given by u =3x – 2y and v = -
BT-1 Remember
3y – 2x. Show that the velocity potential exists. Determine
the velocity potential function and stream

4. (i) If for a two – diamantine potential flow, the velocity

potential is given by ϕ = x (2y −1) determine the velocity at
the point P(4,5). Determine also the value of stream function
Ψat the point P.
BT-5 Evaluate
(ii) Briefly describe about velocity potential function and
stream function
 5. State Bernoulli‟s theorem for steady flow of a
incompressible third.Derive an expression for Bernoulli‟s
equation from first principle and state the assumption made BT-4 Analyse
for such a derivation

UNIT III - FLOW THROUGH PIPES AND MODEL STUDIES

Reynolds experiment - Laminar flow through circular pipe - Darcy-Weisbach equation -
Moody diagram - Major and minor losses in pipe flow – Total energy line – Hydraulic
grade line – Siphon - Pipes in series and parallel- Equivalent pipes- Fundamental
dimensions - Dimensional homogeneity - Buckingham Pi theorem - Dimensionless
parameters - Similitude and model studies-Distorted and undistorted models.

PART – A
BT Competence
Q.No Questions
Level
1. Define Reynolds number BT-3 Application
2. Name the characteristics of laminar flow BT-2 Understand
3. Analyze pipe in series BT-4 Analyze
4. Formulate equation of head loss due to friction. BT-5 Evaluate
5. Write the advantages of venture meter over orifice meter. BT-1 Remember
6. What are the minor losses? BT-1 Remember
7. Compare hydraulic gradient line with total energy line. BT-1 Remember
8. Differentiate orifice meter and orifice BT-1 Remember
9. Relate an expression for co efficient of friction in terms of shear BT-1 Remember
stress.
10. Write the application of Bernoullis equation. BT-1 Remember
11. Differentiate laminar and turbulent flow BT-1 Remember
12. Outline major loss in pipe. BT-2 Understand
13. Write about pipes in parallel. BT-2 Understand
14. Illustrate the disadvantages of orificemeter. BT-2 Understand
15. Illustrate the expression for drop of pressure for a given length
BT-2 Understand
of a pipe
16. Outline about water hammer in pipes. BT-3 Application
17. Derive an expression for Chezys formula. BT-3 Application
18. Classify flow based on Reynolds number. BT-3 Application
19. Write about Hazens Willams equation. BT-4 Analyse
20. Illustrate about time for empty of tank BT-4 Analyse
21 Enumerate an expression for mannings formula BT-4 Analyse
22 Give the relation between friction and chezys constant. BT-5 Evaluate
23 Formulate Hagen Poisuille‟s equation. BT-5 Evaluate
24 What are the effect observed due to sudden closure of value BT-6 Create
in pipe flow?
25 Sketch velocity and shear stress distribution over length of
BT-6 Create
pipe
26 Distinguish between model and prototype. BT-2 Understand

27 State the Buckingham‟s π-theorem BT-3 Application

28 Define Similitude and Scale ratio BT-4 Analyse

29 Explain about model and model analysis. BT-6 Create

30 Explain the advantages of model testing. BT-1 Remember

31 Write short note on distorted model and undistorted model BT-1 Remember
32 Develop the expression for Froude number BT-1 Remember

33 Distinguish between Geometric similarity and Kinematic

BT-1 Remember
similarity.
34 State Mach's model law BT-1 Remember

PART - B

1. a) A 0.25m diameter pipe carries oil of specific gravity 0.8 at

the rate of 120 litres per second and the pressure at a point A
is 19.62 kN/m2(gage). If the point A is 3.5m above the datum
line, calculate the total energy at point A in meters of oil.

b) Water (γw = 9.879 kN/m3) flows with flow rate of 0.3 BT-1 Remember
m3/sec through a pipe AB of 10 m length and of uniform
cross section. The end B is above end A and the pipe makes
an angle of 300 to the horizontal. For a pressure of 12 kN/m2
at the end B, Find the corresponding pressure at the end A.

2. A 0.3 m pipe carries water at a velocity of 24.4 m/s. At points

A and B measurements of pressure and elevation were
respectively 361 kN/m2 and 288 361 kN/m2 and 30.5 m and BT-1 Remember
33.5 m. For steady flow , find the loss of head between A and
B.
3. A straight pipe AB of length 10m, tapers from a diameter of
40 cm at A to 20 cm at B. . The centre line of the pipe is so
located that the end B is 2m above the level of A. Liquid of
BT-1 Remember
specific gravity 0.9 flows through the pipe at 150 litres/sec.
Pressure gauges connected at A and B show the reading of 60
kPa and 40 kPa, respectively. Determine the direction of flow
4 A venturimeter having a diameter of 75mm at the throat and
150mm diameter at the enlarged end is installed in a
horizontal pipeline 150mm in diameter carrying an oil of
specific gravity 0.9. The difference of pressure head between BT-1 Remember
the enlarged end and the throat recorded by U-tube is 175mm
of mercury. Determine the discharge through pipe. Assume
the coefficient of discharge of the meter as 0.97.
5. A venturimeter has its axis vertical, the inlet and throat
diameters being 150mm and 75mm respectively. The throat
is 225mm above inlet and K = 0.96. Petrol of specific gravity BT-2 Understand
0.78 flows up through the meter at a rate of 0.029m3/s. Find
the pressure difference between the inlet and the throat.
6. Water flows at the rate of 0.147m3/s through a 150mm BT-2 Understand

diameter orifice inserted in a 300mm diameter pipe. If the

pressure gages fitted upstream and downstream of the orifice
plate have shown readings of 176.58 kN/m2 and 88.29 kN/m2
respectively. Find the coefficient of discharge C of the orifice
meter.
7. Water discharges at the rate of 98 litres per second through a
0.12 m diameter vertical sharp edged orifice placed under a
constant head of 18m. A point on the jet measured from the
BT-2 Understand
vena-contracta of the jet has coordinates 4.5m horizontal and
0.54 m vertical. Find a) the coefficients Cc, Cv, Cd and Cr for
the orifice and b) the power lost at the orifice.
8. A rectangular orifice 1.5m wide and 1.0m deep is
discharging water from a tank . If the water level in the tank
is 3.0m above the top edge of the orifice. Find the discharge BT-3 Application
through the orifice. Take the coefficient of discharging for
the orifice = 0.6.
9. a) Find the discharge through a fully sub merged orifice of
width 2m if the difference of water levels on both sides of the
orifice be 50cm. The height of water from top and bottom of
the orifice are 2.5m and 2.75m respectively. Take Cd = 0.6 BT-3 Application
b) Find the discharge through a totally droened orifice 2.0m
wide and 1m deep, if the difference of water levels on both
the sides of the orifice be 3m. Take Cd = 0.62
Derive Darcy Equation for the loss of head due to friction in
BT-2 Understanding
10. pipes.
11. A horizontal pipe of diameter 60mm is subjected to an oil
flow at the rate of 6.36 liter/sec. The mass density and
viscosity of oil 900 kg/m3 and 0.9 Pa-sec respectively. The
length of the pipe is 100m. Determine the following,
BT-4 Analyse
a) Pressure drop
b) Shear stress at the boundary of the pipe
c) Power required to maintain the oil flow
d) Velocity at 8mm from the pipe wall surface
12. Water discharged from a tank maintained at a constant head BT-4 Analyse
at 5m above the exit of a straight pipe 100m long 150mm
diameter. Estimate the rate at flow if the friction factor for
the pipe is given as 0.01. Minor losses are accounted.
13. Describe an orifice meter and find an expression for
measuring discharge through a pipe with this device. BT-2 Understanding
14. A pipe of 0.7 m diameter has a length of 6km and connects
two reservoirs A and B. The water level in reservoir A is at
an elevation 30 m above the water level in reservoir B.
Halfway along the pipeline, there is a branch through which
water can be supplied to a third reservoir C. The friction BT-6 Create
factor of the pipe is 0.024. The quantity of water discharged
into reservoir C is 0.15m3/s. Considering the acceleration
due to gravity as 9.81 m/s2 and neglecting minor losses, Find
the discharge (in m3/s) into the reservoir?
15. Find an expression for the drug force of smooth sphere
ofdiameter D, moving with a uniform velocity V in a BT-1 Remember
fluid of
density ƿ and dynamic velocity µ.
16. The pressure drop in a pipe of diameter D and length l
depends on mass density ƿ and viscosity µ of the flowing
fluid, mean velocity of flow V and average height k of
roughness projections on the pipe surface. Obtain a
BT-3 Application
dimensionless expression for pressure drop ∆𝑝. Hence
2
show that h = 𝑓𝑙𝑉 f 2𝑔𝐷 where hf is the head loss due
friction (∆𝑝) , w is the specific weight 𝑤 of the fluid and f is
coefficient of friction

17. The efficiency of a fan depends upon density, dynamic

viscosity of fluid, angular velocity, diameter of the rotor and
BT-3 Application
the discharge. Using Buckingham pi theorem express
efficiency in terms of dimension less parameters.

18. Estimate for 1:20 model of a spillway i) prototype velocity

corresponding to a model velocity of 2 m/s. ii) prototype
discharge per unit width corresponding to a model discharge
per unit width of 0.3 m3/s/m. iii) pressure head in the BT-3 Application
prototype corresponding to a model head of 5 cm of
mercury at a point
iv) the energy dissipated per second in the
model
corresponding to a prototype value of 1.5 kW

19. The pressure drop in an aeroplane model of size 1/10 of its

prototype is 80 N/cm2. The model is tested in water. Find the
corresponding pressure drop in the prototype. Take density of BT-3 Application
air 1.24 kg/m3. The viscosity of water is 0.01 poise while
the
viscosity of air is 0.00018 poise.

PART - C
1. Describe about flow measuring devices. BT-2 Understand
 2. The inlet and throat diameter of a horizontal
venturimeter are 30cm and 10 cm respectively. The
Liquid flowing through the meter is water. The pressure
intensity at inlet is 13.734 N/cm2. While the vacuum
BT-1 Remember
pressure head at the throat is 37cm of mercury. Find the rate
of flow. Assume that 4% of the differential head is lost
between the inlet and throat. Find also the value of Cd for the
venture meter.
3. The water is flowing through a taper pipe of length 100
m having diameter 600 mm at the upper end and 300 mm at
the lower end, At the rate of 50 lit/sec. The pipe has a slope of
1 in 30. Find the pressure at the pressure at the lower end
if the pressure at the higher level is BT-6 Create

19.62 N/m2

4. Define Similitude and discuss its type of similarities in detail. BT-4 Remember

UNIT IV - OPEN CHANNEL FLOW

Types of flow – Characteristics of open channel - Chezy’s equation - Manning equation – Hydraulically
efficient channel sections - Critical depth – Specific energy application to channel transitions – Flow
measurement in channels – Notches – Weirs - Parshall flume - Flow measurement in natural streams –
float method – current meter.

PART – A
BT Competence
Q.No Questions
Level
1. Differentiate afflux and backwater curve. BT-4 Analyse
2. Write about non-erodible channels BT-2 Understand
3. State the critical flow. BT-1 Remember
4. Find the critical depth and critical velocity of a water flowing
through a rectangular channel of width 5 m, when the BT-3 Application
discharge is 15 m3/s.
5. Define hydraulic mean depth. BT-6 Create
6. List the factors affecting Manning’s roughness coefficient. BT-1 Remember
7. Define open channel flow with example. BT-1 Remember
8. Define uniform flow in channels. BT-1 Remember
9. Sketch the velocity distribution in rectangular and triangular
BT-1 Remember
channels.
10. Compare the prismatic channel with the non-prismatic
BT-1 Remember
channel.
11. What is meant by most economical section? BT-1 Remember
12. Derive the dimension of constant ‘C’ in chezy’s formula. BT-2 Understand
13. What is meant by specific force? BT-2 Understand
14. Give the relationships between Chezy's‘C’ and Manning's ‘n’. BT-2 Understand
15. What are surges in an open channel flow? BT-2 Understand
16. State the flow conditions for the occurance of hydraulic jump BT-3 Application
17. State the condition for efficient rectangular section. BT-3 Application
18. Write the condition for efficient circular section. BT-3 Application
19. Find the critical height for a trapezoidal section. BT-4 Analyse
20. What is specific energy and what is the condition for getting
BT-4 Analyse
only one depth for a given specific energy?
21 Define and distinguish between steady flow and unsteady BT-4 Analyse
flow.
22 Compute the hydraulic mean depth of a small channel of 1m BT-5 Evaluate
wide and 0.5m deep with water flowing at 2m/s.
23 Differentiate closed conduit flow and open channel flow. BT-5 Evaluate
24 Outline different types of notches BT-6 Create
25 Enumerate the use of current meter. BT-6 Create

PART – B

1. Determine the most efficient section of a trapezoidal

channel with „n‟ = 0.025 to carry a discharge of 15 m3/sec
to prevent scouring, the maximum velocity is to be 1 m/sec BT-1 Remember
and the side slope of the trapezoidal channel are 1 vertical
to 2 horizontal.
2. An irrigation channel of trapezoidal section, having side
slopes 3 horizontal to 2 vertical, is to carry a flow of 10
cumec on a longitudinal slope of 1 in 5000. The channel is
BT-1 Remember
to be lined for which the value of friction coefficient in
Manning‟s formula is n = 0.012. Find the dimensions of the
most economic section of the channel.
3. An earthen channel with a base width 2m and side slope 1
horizontal to 2 vertical carries water with a depth of 1m.
The bed slope is 1 in 625. Calculate the discharge if n = BT-1 Remember
0.03. Also calculate the average shear stress at the channel
boundary.
4. Find the discharge through a circular pipe of diameter 3.0
m, if the depth of water in the pipe is 1.0 m and the pipe is
BT-1 Remember
laid at a slope of 1 in 1000. Take the value of Chezy‟s
constant as 70.
5. A trapezoidal channel, shown in the fig carries a water BT-2 Understand
discharge of 10 m3/sec uniform flow conditions. The long
slope of the channel bed is 0.01. Compute the average shear
stress in N/mm2 on the boundary. Also compute mannings
„n‟ value.
6. An irrigation channel is to carry full supply discharge of 30
m3/sec at a velocity of 1.75 m/sec. The side slopes are to be
1H : 1V. The ratio of full supply depth to bet width is to be BT-2 Understand
1 : 6. Assuming the Manning‟s „n‟ as 0.018, calculate the
full supply depth, bed width and bed slope of the channel.
7. The discharge of water through a rectangular channel of
width 8 m, is 15 m3/s when depth of flow of water is 1.2 m.
Calculate :i) Specific energy of the flowing water. ii) BT-2 Understand
Critical depth and critical velocity iii) Value of minimum
specific energy.
8. a) What are the different tyes of flow in the channel?
Explain with an example.
BT-2 Understand
b) what is specific energy curve ?Derive the expression for
the critical depth and critical velocity.
9. In a rectangular channel 3.5m wide laid at a slope of 0.0036,
uniform flow occurs at a depth of 2m. Find how high can
the hump be raised without causing afflux? If the upstream BT-3 Application
depth of flow is to be raised to 2.5m, what should be the
height of the hump? Take Manning‟s n equal to 0.015.
10. A 3m wide rectangular channel carries a flow of 6 m3/sec.
The depth of flow at a section P is 0.5m. A flat-topped
hump is to be placed at the downstream of the section P.
Assume negligible energy loss between section P and hump, BT-3 Application
and consider g as 9.81 m/s2. Find the maximum height of
the hump (expressed in m) which will not change the depth
of flow at section P.
11. The conjugate depths for hydraulic jump in a rectangular
channel are 0.5 m and 2m respectively. Calculate the
BT-4 Analyse
discharge for meter width. What is depth for which critical
flow occurs. What is the energy loss? Draw a neat sketch of
the flow pattern in the above hydraulic jump and find the
power loss.
12. Determine the height of a rectangular weir of length 6m to
be built across a rectangular channel. The maximum depth
of water on the upstream side of the weir is 1.8 m and BT-4 Analyse
discharge is 2000 litres/s. Take Cd = 0.6 and neglect end
contractions.
13. Find the discharge through a trapezoidal notch which is 1 m
wide at the top and 0.40 m at the bottom and is 30cm in
height. The head of water on the notch is 20cm. Assume C d BT-5 Evaluate
for rectangular portion = 0.62. while for triangular portion =
0.60
14 Froude number before the jump is 10.0 in a hydraulic jump
occurring in a rectangular channel and the energy loss is BT-6 Create
3.20m. Discuss the (i) Sequent depths and (ii) The discharge

PART - C
1. Prove that half of the top width of a most economical
trapezoidal section is equal to the length of the one of the
BT-4 Analyse
side slopes and derive the hydraulic mean depth as half of
the depth of the flow.
 2. Derive the expressions for the most economical depths of
flow in terms of the diameter of the channel of circular
cross-section for maximum velocity and maximum BT-2 Understand
discharge

3. Uniform flow occurs at a depth of 1.50m in a rectangular

channel 3 m wide and laid to a slope of 0.0009.If Manning n
= 0.015, calculate,
i) maximum height of hump on the floor to
BT-1 Remember
produce critical depth
ii) Maximum height of hump so that upstream
depth will not be affected
iii) The width of contraction width will produce
critical depth without increasing the upstream
depth of flow.

4. A 8 m wide channel conveys 15 cumecs of water at a depth

of 1.2 m.Determine Specific energy of the flowing water,
Critical depth, Critical velocity, Minimum Specific energy, BT-6 Create
Froude number and also state whether the flow is sub
critical or super critical.

UNIT V - PUMPS
Types of pumps – Head of pump – Losses and efficiencies -Selection of pump capacity - Centrifugal
pump – Components – Working principle – Types of impellers - Priming – NPSH - Cavitation –
Minimum speed to start the pump - Specific speed – Characteristics curves - Turbine pump -
Submersible pump - Jet pump – Air lift pump - Reciprocating pump - Sludge pump.

PART – A
BT Competence
Q.No Questions
Level
11. Write about negative slip. How does it occur? BT-1 Remember
12. List various model laws applied in model analysis BT-2 Understand
13. Develop the equation for specific speed for pump BT-2 Understand
14. Define specific speed of pump. BT-2 Understand
15. Mention the main parts of centrifugal pump. BT-2 Understand
16. Write short note on Dynamic similarity BT-3 Application
17. Enumerate about cavitation in pumps. BT-3 Application
18. Outline priming of pumps. BT-3 Application
19. List the types of impellers and casing for a centrifugal pump. BT-4 Analyse
20. Mention the main components of reciprocating pump. BT-4 Analyse
21 What do you infer from Head of a pump? BT-4 Analyse
22 What is net positive suction head in a centrifugal pump? BT-5 Evaluate
23 Examine whether the equation V = √2gH is dimensionally BT-5 Evaluate
homogenous.
24 What is the role of a volute chamber of a centrifugal pump? BT-6 Create
25 Enumerate the Difference between pump and turbine. BT-6 Create

PART-B

1. The internal and external diameters of the impeller of a

centrifugal pump are 200mm and 400 mm respectively. The
pump is running at 1200 r.p.m. The vane angles of the impeller
at inlet an outlet are 200 and 300 respectively. The water enters BT-3 Application
the impeller radially and velocity of flow is constant.
Determine the work done by the impeller per unit weight of
water.

2. A centrifugal pump is to discharge 0.118 m3 at a speed of 1450

r.p.m against a head of 25 m. The impeller diameter is 250
mm, its width at outlet is 50 mm and manometric efficiency is BT-3 Application
75%. Determine the vane angle at the outer periphery of the
impeller.
3. The outer diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump is 400
mm and outlet width is 50 mm. The pump is running at 800
r.p.m. and is working against a total head of 15m. The vanes
angle at outlet is 400 and manometric efficiency is 75%. BT-3 Application
Determine i) velocity of flow at outlet ii) velocity of water
leaving the vane. iii) angle made by the absolute velocity at
outlet with the direction of motion at outlet, and iv) discharge.
4. A one-fifth scale model of a pump was tested in a labouratory
at 1000 r.p.m. The head developed and the power input at the
BT-3 Application
best efficiency point were found to be 8 m and 30 kW
respectively. If the prototype pump has to work against a head
of 25 m, determine its working speed, the power required to
drive it and the ratio of flow rates handled by the two pumps.
5. A single-stage centrifugal pump with impeller diameter of 30
cm rotates at 2000 r.p.m and lifts 3 m3 of water per second to a
height of 30 m with an efficiency of 75%. Find the number of
BT-4 Analyse
stages and diameter of each impeller of a similar multistage
pump to lift 5m3 of water per second to a height of 200 metres
when rotating 1500 r.p.m.
6. Find the number of pumps required to take water from a deep
well under a total head of 89 m. All the pumps are identical
and are running at 800 r.p.m. The specific speed of each pump BT-4 Analyse
is given as 25 while the rated capacity of each pump is 0.16 m
3/s.
7. A centrifugal pump rotating at 1000 r.p.m delivers 160 litres/s
water against a head of 30m. The pump is installed at a place
where atmospheric pressure is 1 * 105Pa(abs.). and vapour
pressure of water is 3 kPa(abs.). The head loss in suction pipe BT-5 Evaluate
is equivalent to 0.2 m of water, Calculate i) Minimum NPSH
and ii) Maximum allowable height of the pump from free
surface of water in the sump.
8. What is reciprocating pump? describe the working of the
BT-2 Understand
single and double acting reciprocating pump.

PART - C
1. Explain the working principle of multi stage centrifugal pump
BT-3 Analyse
with a neat sketch.
2. A centrifugal pump with an impeller diameter of 0.4 m runs at
1450 rpm. The angle at outlet of the backward curved vane is
250 with tangent. The flow velocity remains constant at 3 m/s. BT-6 Create
If the manometric efficiency is 84%, Determine the fraction
of the kinetic energy at outlet recovered as static head.
3. A 7.2 m height and 15 m long spillway discharge 94 m3/s, BT-2 Understand
under a head of 2 m. If a 1:9 scale model of this
spillway is to be constructed, determine model
dimensions, head over spillway model and the model
discharge. If model experience a force of 7500N, Calculate
the force on the prototype.