TOOLBOX OF TECHNIQUES.

In a blog of Hood (2012), he identified the toolbox of techniques that

 Topic and Question. In prewriting, you need to choose a topic and then try to link possible questions to
be answered. In doing this, it helps you to focus on the areas that you intend to highlight, For instance,
in choosing a topic on a travelogue, you need to formulate questions like How to get there ? What are
the amenities or activities that can be done? The transportation fares and routes.

 Narrative Structure or Shape of a Story. Narrative structure lets you to discover within the way on
delivering the story through narration, meaning that you discover the details of the story and its
structure as you write. In creative nonfiction, there are five popular narrative structures or shapes
Narrative structure: Telling the story chronologically, from beginning to end.

 Braided Structure: Telling a story by weaving or combining two, sometimes three, narratives or stories.

 Collage: Using a thematic and segmented approach that combines a quotation or two, poem, scene,
metaphor, simile, allusion, personification, image, vignette, anecdote, a short, short, true story, with an
epiphany.

 Frame: Telling a story by opening with a particular scene or reflecting and closing with a particular
scene or reflection.

 Narrative with Flashback: Telling a story using scene, summary, reflection, and flashbacks. As well, the
you can experiment with the narrative structure, resulting in a new structure or shape.

DISTINCTIVE VOICE, STYLE, AND INTIMATE POINT OF VIEW. All good writers have a distinctive voice,
which is the persona of the writer expressed on the age. Good writers also have a unique style.
Additionally have a one of a kind style. An author's style is his/her demeanor of persona on the page. It
incorporates decision of expression, sentence assortment, and tone, perspective, utilization of
illustration, and other abstract gadgets. The tone of the keeping in touch with itself is in every case well
disposed, conversational. Stories are regularly told utilizing the main individual perspective.

INSTRUCTIONS:
- Explore the topic
- Explain and give example
- Present how it is achieve in
writing
DETAIL AND DESCRIPTION. Creative writing is often a form of discovery. As you compose, you review
the subtleties, the recollections, the pictures, the felt feeling, the more profound importance. You'll
review from memory critical, specific subtleties and afterward thinks of them down. You'll make
distinctive depictions with solid, explicit, and specific subtleties. You don't need to incorporate
everything about, those that are huge or significant. Frequently you'll utilize tactile symbolism, language
that conjures the feeling of sight, smell, taste, contact, or hearing. The reason for including subtlety is to
reproduce the involvement with the psyche of the readers.

TECHNIQUES OF FICTION. You’ll also rely on the techniques of fiction to tell a true story, including:

 Setting-time and place and context, which provides the backdrop to the true story

 Narrative Arc ( inciting incident, conflict and setback, climax, epiphany, resolution)

 Point of View- first person “I”, Second Person “You”, third person “He/ She”

 Character development- Developing character through action, dialogue, description

Flat
Round
Dynamic
Static

 Vivid Description-descriptions that are concrete and specific

 Use of imagery-literal imagery through description; figurative imagery with simile or metaphor

 Theme-the meaning of the story The narrative arc is used to write a personal narrative essay,
sometimes a memoir. The opinion essay, meditative essay, and collage essay don’t require a narrative.
These sorts of essays tend to be structured around a theme.

INSTRUCTIONS:
- Explain, for better understanding
- Look for 2 (two) stories
- Extract from these stories the
topics from your report
POETIC DEVICES - FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE. You’ll often use one or more of the following poetic devices
to write creative nonfiction:

 Simile

 Metaphor

 Symbolism

 Personification

 Imagery INSTRUCTIONS:
Visual Imagery
Auditory Imagery 1. Give definition
Gustatory Imagery
Olfactory Imagery 2. Definition must be Place on
Tactile Imagery
your visual device
 Assonance and alliteration
3. Explain meaning of each
 Onomatopeia
4. Provide 3 examples for each
 Paradox

 Irony

- Experienced Writers often use any of the above to write creative nonfiction. Simile and metaphor are
the tools of choice.

WORD CHOICE/DICTION. Check to see that you use language in a fresh and original way, making note of
connotation, the implied meaning of the word. As well, selecting words with the best meaning. Mea ning
refers to diction. Avoid using clichés and jargon.
PERSONAL REFLECTION. In most types of creative nonfiction, you’ll share personal reflection with the
reader. These can include:
 Personal thoughts and feelings
 Opinions
 Ruminations
 Personal perspective
 stream of consciousness
 Mediations

Personal refection is required to write a memoir. It is also used to write a personal narrative, opinion,
meditative, and lyrical essay. Personal reflection can also be incorporated into literary journalism.

SCENE AND SUMMARY. One of the most important techniques of creative nonfiction is writing in
scenes. A scene recreates the experience of the writer for the reader. A scene evokes. To write a scene,
you must show the reader what is happening. A scene often includes:
1. Setting - time and place of the story Action - something that happens
2. Dialogue - something being said Vivid description - concrete and specific details
3. Imagery - language that invokes reader’s sense of sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing
4. Point of View - first, second, third persons
5. Figurative language - simile, metaphor, etc. Beginning, middle and ending - a scene has a
beginning, middle and end
6. Summary involves telling the reader what happened. Telling means to summarize and to
compress, leaving out the details and descriptions. Telling is explaining.
You should create scenes of important events, such as for a setback and the turning point.
Scene and summary are used for all types of creative nonfiction.

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Give definition
2. Place on your visual device
3. Explain meaning of each
4. Provide 3 examples for each
SENTENCE VARIETY (Length and structure). Use short and long, and a variety of syntax to create a
personal essay, memoir, or literary journalism. Sentence variety includes:

 Intentional Fragment. e.g. A pen. Pad of paper. Time, lots of time. Experimentation. A creative mind.
These are the requirements of creative writing.

 Simple, compound, complex, compound-complex sentences

 Parallel structure in sentences, e.g. I require a pen, pad of paper, spare time, experimentation, and a
creative mind, to write creatively, to write poetry, to write fiction, to write a personal essay, to write
anything.

 Declarative (statement of fact), Interrogative (ask a question), exclamatory (emphatic) sentences

 Inverted sentence. E.g. The book of poetry he wrote…The film, the script, the special effects, the story,
I enjoyed.

 Lose sentence and periodic sentences. When writing a periodic sentence, the main idea and clause are
at the end of the sentence. For a lose sentence, the main idea and independent clause are at the
beginning of the sentence.

LYRICAL LANGUAGE. Sometimes, a writer will use a lyrical style to express emotion and evoke emotion
in the reader. This is often the case when writing a lyrical essay. The writing style is based on the
following:

 repetition of words, phrases, clauses;

 parallel structure;

 rhyme, both rhyme and internal rhyme;

 alliteration and assonance; and

 sensory imagery.

INSTRUCTIONS:
- Explore the topic
- Explain and give example
- Present how it is achieve in writing