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A TO Z INDIA
English & Tamil Monthly Magazine Price Rs 65/-
Volume 06 • Issue 03
October 2022
05
The Buddha Park of Ravangla
South Sikkim, India
04
different culture.
FROM THE EDITOR'S DESK: DEEPAVALI - “THE FESTIVAL OF LIGHTS” -THE Publication Team:
CELEBRATION OF THE VICTORY OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS EDITOR: Indira Srivatsa
Deepavali—“the Festival of Lights”—is one of the most significant, joyous and ASSOCIATE EDITOR:
popular festivals of India. In Sanskrit, deepa means “lamp” and avali is “row.” Dwarak, Srivatsa
Thus, the name Deepavali refers to the rows of small clay lamps, known in EDITORIAL
Hindi as diyas, that are lit in homes, temples, and streets during this festival. CONSULTANTS: Santha,
Bhavani, Srinivasan
REPORTING: Raghavan
PHOTOGRAPHY:
05 Adithyan
inside
GRAPHICS ENGINEER:
SOUTH SIKKIM, INDIA: THE Chandra
BUDDHA PARK OF RAVANGLA
Ravangla is situated at an Editorial Office:
elevation of 8000 ft. The small E002, Premier
picturesque semi town is on the Grihalakshmi
Gangtok-Gaysiling highway. Apartments,
A TO Z INDIA: Editorial Address
Elango Nagar South,
Virugambakkam,
Chennai - 600092,
Tamil Nadu, India.
Communication Details:
MOBILE: +91-7550160116
e.mail id:
[email protected]
Disclaimer:
A TO Z INDIA Magazine
has made a constant care
to make sure that
content is accurate on
the date of publication.
The views expressed in
the articles reflect the
author(s) opinions.
Deepavali—“the Festival of Lights”—is one of the most significant, joyous and popular
festivals of India. In Sanskrit, deepa means “lamp” and avali is “row.” Thus, the name
Deepavali refers to the rows of small clay lamps, known in Hindi as diyas, that are lit
in homes, temples, and streets during this festival. The overarching theme of Deepavali
is the triumph of light over darkness, of knowledge over ignorance, of goodness over
evil. According to the lunar calendar, the festival begins with Govatsa Dvadashi on the
twelfth day of the Krishna Paksha, the dark fortnight of the waning moon. It is
followed on the thirteenth day with Dhanteras, and with Narak Chaturdashi on the
fourteenth day. The festival culminates on the fifteenth day with the New Moon or
amavasya, which is itself the day of Deepavali. In many parts of India and all over the
world in the Indian diaspora, on the day after Deepavali people celebrate the New
Year, which is also called Bali Pratipada. This day-by-day movement from dark to light celebrates the end of
one year and the beginning of another. The first day of the year falls in Shukla Paksha, the bright fortnight of
the moon. Deepavali and New Year are times of completion and new beginnings; times to offer gratitude, to
honor and invoke prosperity, and to spread good will among people.
When I was growing up in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, my grandmother along with many of my cousins and aunts
and uncles lived in the same house, as was typical in India. For Deepavali our home would be abuzz with all
of the youngsters looking forward to buying new clothes and firecrackers, while our mothers were busy
making sweets and savories in large quantities. I remember the huge containers with the typical delicious
treats for the occasion: besan laddoos (sweet round balls made with chickpea flour), nariyal barfis (sweets
made with coconut flour); chaklis and sev (savories made with rice flour and chickpea flour), and many more.
Although my cousins and I were told not to eat these treats before the festival started, we would sneak up to
the pantry and lay our hands on some of them, hoping not to be found outĆ Looking back on these indelible
memories, I think Deepavali was one of my favorite and most anticipated celebrations, as it is for many
people around the world, because it nourished my human desire to connect with others and to celebrate life
in a lovely way. This festival so beautifully does this by bringing people together during those four days and
the days preceding. Throughout my life, I have learned about the meaning behind various aspects of
Deepavali through books, plays, bhajans, and stories from the Ramayana, one of the
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great epics of all times. I also learned that Deepavali is a time to invoke prosperity
by paying homage to Shri Mahalakshmi, the goddess of abundance in all its forms.
Editor | A TO Z INDIA
Happy Deepavali 2022! (Sunday, October 24, 2022) [email protected]
+91-7550160116
A TO Z INDIA OCTOBER 2022 PAGE 4
South Sikkim, India:
The main attraction of Ravangla among many others is Tathagata Tsal or Buddha Park. It is a 130-foot high
statue, which was constructed in between 2006-2013. The statue is of Lord Buddha and the location for this
statue was chosen keeping the religious angle in mind. It is a centuries old pilgrim place. It is also located
near Ralang Monastery, which is one of the main monasteries in the Tibetan Buddhism.
Rajasthan is such a blessed land as within its vicinity Lord Brahma dropped a lotus flower and a temple was
brought into being. Enemies attacked many times; everything was destroyed, but it was Tanot Mata that
went untouched. Since Rajasthan is the abode of Rajputs for the longest period, evidently here one can find a
good number of an ancient Hindu temples and has an own story to tell. Tulja Bhavani Temple (Chittorgarh),
Meerabai Temple (Chittorgarh), Madareshwar Temple, Kumbha Shyam Temple(Chittorgarh), Kalika Mata
Temple (Chittorgarh), and Kalika Mata Temple (Pavagadh) are the famous ancient temples that draw a
good number of tourists attention. Shiva worshippers should visit Eklingji Temple, Atmateshwar Temple
(Pushkar), Atmateshwar Temple (Dungarpur) and Ghushmeshwar (Sawai Madhopur). Interestingly in
addition to Shiva, here one can find the good number of 'Mata' temples like Chamunda Mata Temple in
Jodhpur; Adhar Devi Temple in Mount Abu; Karni Mata Temple in Bikaner; Chamunda Mataji Temple in
Jodhpur and much more.
When it comes to the usual temples, Rajasthan comes at the top of the list. In Karni Mata Temple, Bikaner,
more than 200 mice are revered even more because they are considered to be Karni Mata and her sons. No
wonder, Rajasthan is a miraculous place, where magical phenomenon takes place. When on a trip to
Rajasthan for a spiritually enlightening experience, make a point to attend Aarti at Varah Ghat in Pushkar.
Paryushan festival is such a great spiritual festival of eight days of Jain society, which not only illuminates
our body, but can awaken the mind. This is such a season that not only the atmosphere but also the mind
turns into purity. Aadhi, Vyadhi and Upadhi are treated and lead to Samadhi, which is celebrated every year
all over the world. This festival has its own unique importance in the sacrificial culture of Jainism. It is not
only a festival; it is considered a great festival. Because this festival is a spiritual festival, and is the only
inspiring festival of self-purification. That is why this festival is not only a festival, it is a great festival. It is
the most recognized festival of Jain people. The real meaning and purpose of Paryushana is to reside in
nature, in the soul, being confined to the senses.
Paryushan festival is an occasion for many types of rituals like chanting, austerity, meditation, worship,
anupreksha etc. This great festival is the festival of spiritual brightness. It is a day of introspection; it is time
to look within. The Paryushan festival teaches us to look inward. The one watching outside remains on the
edge. But one who dives deep finds priceless gems. Man's mind cannot become weightless until it reaches the
depths of the inner being and becomes free from weight. Liberation cannot be attained by merely listening to
the sermons. It can be attained through the spirit of ultimate meditation or by the classical knowledge of
Aradhana-Viradhana.
For this it is necessary to do “Pratikraman”. The meaning of Pratikraman is to heal the wounds on daily,
fortnightly and samvatsari occasions by treating the mistakes caused due to pramaada and the ulcers or
wounds caused by it on consciousness. Pratikraman is the combination of two words, Pra meaning return
and atikraman meaning violation. Literally, it means returning from the violations. As Jain householders, we
are supposed to observe the twelve minor vows to minimize the violence towards other living beings which
in turn minimizes the damage to our own souls.
Through pratikraman, the causes of mistakes can be discovered, and they can also be remedied. The essence
of Pratikraman is come back to yourself. For example, coming from untruth to truth, from bad to good,
moving from enmity to friendship. The root cause of today's man who is so disturbed is the lack of
introspection. Everyone is blaming the other, but is not able to take even the slightest initiative in admitting
his mistake. Through Pratikraman, mistakes made in one's life or inadvertently can be resolved
contemplatively. The main purpose of doing pratikraman is to rectify mistakes. The result of pratikraman is -
pratikraman of the past, contemporary to the present and denial for the future. The use of Pratikraman is a
spiritual practice for purification of these three times – past, future and present. Soul is the creator of sorrow
and happiness and destroyer of them. A soul engaged in good tendencies is a friend and a soul engaged in
evil tendencies is its enemy. Therefore, one has to make a friend, find his secret within and destroy his
enemies, and then his secret will also be found within. In fact, Paryushana is an infallible remedy for inner
cleanliness.
The entire Jain society becomes awake and engaged in spiritual practice on the occasion of this festival. In
the Digambara tradition, it is recognized as "DashlakshanaParva". Among them, its opening day is Bhadrav
Shukla Panchami and the day of prosperity is Chaturdashi. On the other hand, in the Shwetambar Jain
tradition, the day of BhadravShuklaPanchami is the day of Samadhi which is celebrated as Samvatsari with
A TO Z INDIA OCTOBER 2022 PAGE 10
By Lalit Garg
Writer, Journalist, Columnist
Special on the eve of Paryushan Mahaparv:
E-253, Saraswati Kunj Apartment
Paryushan, The festival of Self-Awareness 25 IP Extensions, Patparganj, Delhi-92
Email: [email protected]
Lalit Garg Phone: 22727486, 9811051133
complete renunciation, fasting, self-study and abstinence. Even people who are unable to take time out
during the year also wake up on this day. Even those who never fast are seen fasting ceremonially on this
day. The literal meaning of Paryushan festival is to be situated in the soul. The word Paryushana is formed
by adding a prefix and a suffix to it. One of the meanings of Paryushana is the destruction of karma. The
enemies of Karma will be destroyed; only then the soul will be situated in its form, so this festival of
Paryushan gives inspiration to the soul to reside in the soul.
Paryushan Mahaparva is a spiritual festival; the central element of it is the soul. Paryushan Mahaparva
continues to play an ego role in revealing the pure, luminous form of the soul. ‘Adhyatma’ means closeness
to the soul. This is the festival of connecting human-human and modifying the human heart, it is the festival
of opening the windows, skylights and doors of the mind. This is the festival of “Kashaya Shaman”. This
festival is celebrated for 8 days, in which heat, turmoil has arisen in someone, if a feeling of hatred has
arisen towards someone, and then an undertaking is done to pacify him during this time. The 10 gates of
religion have been mentioned, in which the first door is forgiveness. Forgiveness means equality. Forgiveness
is very important for life, unless there is forgiveness in life, and then a person cannot progress on the path of
spirituality.
In this festival, everyone tries to make them as pure as possible. A vow of love, forgiveness and true
friendship is taken. The mind is strengthened to maintain the purity of food and the decency of conduct and
behavior as an integral part of the lifestyle. Human unity, peaceful co-existence, friendship, socialism
without exploitation, establishment of international moral values, support of non-violent lifestyle etc. are
the main basis of Paryushan Mahaparva. Efforts are expected to make Paryushan Mahaparv a festival of the
people, in order that these elements can become a part of the life of the people.
Whether a man is called religious or not, whether he believes in self-divine or not, whether he believes in
past birth and reincarnation, whether he should resort to non-violence as far as possible in solving any of his
problems - this is the heart of the sadhna of Paryushan. Violence cannot be a permanent solution to any
problem. Those seeking a solution through violence have only exacerbated the problem. Keeping this fact in
front, not only the Jain society, but also the common people should become faithful in the power of non-
violence and use it with deep faith. Religion without morality, worship without character and the imagining
of a hereafter reform without purification of the present life is a kind of irony. Religious can only be what is
moral. The right to worship should be given to those who are of character. The focus should be on the
purification of this life before entering the labyrinth of the hereafter. This is the safe way to proceed in the
direction of Dharma and this is the basis of the significance of the festival of Paryushan.
The last stage of the Paryushan Mahaparva is Kshasmavani or apology, which is organized in the form of
Friendship Day. In this way, Paryushan Mahaparva and Forgiveness Day - it is a festival to bring one person
closer to another. It is a festival to end the distance between human beings and consider each other as their
own. It is also said in the Gita, “Atmoupamyensarvatrah, saammepashyatiyorjuna.” Shri Krishna said to
Arjuna – O Arjuna! Treat the animal as your equal. Lord Mahavira said- "Savvabhuvesu in mitti,
veramjjhanakenai" I have friendship with all beings; I have no enmity with anyone.
A TO Z INDIA OCTOBER 2022 PAGE 11
By Lalit Garg
Writer, Journalist, Columnist
Special on the eve of Paryushan Mahaparv:
E-253, Saraswati Kunj Apartment
Paryushan, The festival of Self-Awareness 25 IP Extensions, Patparganj, Delhi-92
Email: [email protected]
Lalit Garg Phone: 22727486, 9811051133
Paryushan festival is the festival of worship of the inner soul - it is the festival of self-purification, it is the
festival of giving up sleep. In fact, the festival of Paryushan is such a dawn which takes us from sleep to
wakefulness. Lead us from the darkness of ignorance to the light of knowledge. So, it is necessary to remove
the ego of sleep and get absorbed in the inner soul by doing special penance, chanting, worshiping self-study
during these eight days, so that our life will be meaningful and successful.
We observe International Day for Peace on September 21st of each year. The large bell known as the "peace
bell" was donated to the United Nations by Japan in 1950. Two times a year, on the first day of spring, as
well as on September 21 to mark International Day of Peace, the bell is rung. Given the current
circumstances, it is imperative that all nations choose peace over conflict. Everything on this globe looks
beautiful when there is only peace. This year, the bell needs to ring louder in order to specifically reach the
ears of the nations who are both directly and indirectly engaged in conflict. The world has been battling the
pandemic for the past two years, but the war against COVID-19 is still far from over.
In the interim, some nations have been engaged in territorial disputes. So peace is important topic at this
time. What we call in Sanskrit Shanti Mantram is most required now. Here, it is possible to recall the tale of
Alexander the Great. The ancient Greek Alexander the Great oversaw numerous military operations and built
one of history's biggest empires, spanning from Greece to India. He completed all of this work when he was
just about 30 years old. Alexander was ill when he got back to Babylon. As he lay dying, he reflected on the
immense empire he had created, every single war booty he had taken, and the power of his military
apparatus. He fell into a deep despair after realizing that nothing was worthwhile because, despite living a
very good life, he would eventually pass away.
Before leaving, he wanted to spend one final moment with his mother, but he knew he would not be able to
do it and would soon pass away. He made three final requests to his devoted Generals over the phone before
passing away. My first wish is that my doctors should alone carry my coffin," he reportedly said to his
devoted generals. My second wish is that the road leading to my grave be strewn with gold, silver, and all of
the priceless items in my treasury, while my body is being brought to be buried. My third and final wish is to
have both of my hands left hanging outside of my casket.
The three wishes shocked the Generals, who questioned Alexander about the unusual requests. Alexander's
first response was, I want my doctors to carry my casket so they may spread the message that no doctor can
cure anyone. They are helpless and helpless to prevent death. The second is to scatter gold, silver, and other
precious stones along the path leading to the cemetery to demonstrate to the public that, despite having
spent my whole life acquiring wealth, not a single grain of gold will accompany me when I depart this
world. When one yearns to be wealthy, it is a complete waste of time, energy, and tranquilly. Third is
sticking my hands out of the casket., I want people to know that I came empty handed into this world and
likewise will go empty handed from this world So, therefore he wanted to teach the rest of the world that
peace is ultimate thing to win hearths not wars.
In regards to this year's peace day, the theme is "End racism and build peace" Every society's institutions,
social structures, and standard of living are still tainted by racism. It still serves as a major contributor to
enduring inequality. And it keeps denying people their basic human rights. The connections between racism
and gender inequality are undeniable, and they destabilize societies, damage democracies, and diminish the
legitimacy of governments.
We have observed racial discrimination at borders as wars continue to flare around the world and force
people to flee. We have observed that some racial groups have been struck considerably harder than others
as COVID-19 continues to strike our neighborhoods. As economies struggle, racial minorities have been the
target of hate speech and acts of violence. In order to promote peace, each of us must play a part. And one
important way to participate is to combat racism. We may fight to undermine the institutionalized racism in
our society. All across the world, we may help movements for equality and human rights. Education and
restitution for past wrongs are two ways we may advance anti-racism. A world devoid of racism and racial
discrimination should be our goal. A society where empathy and compassion prevail over prejudice and
hostility. a world in which we may actually take pride. Real peace requires much more than just putting
down weapons, so to speak. It necessitates creating cultures in which everyone feels that they may prosper.
It entails establishing a society in where everyone is treated fairly, regardless of race.
ƟƱ˔ư ƻǖƮƴ˔ ƝƩ˔˚ƮƳƶ˔ 13, 2022 ơƸƩ ƩƯ ˔ Ƴƶ˔˛ƻ ư˖ƲƴƩƩ˔ ˙ƩƯ ˔ ƮƮƳ˔ƳnjƩ˖ƷǏ.
ƟƱ˔ư ƻǖƮ ơƸƩ ƩƯ ˔ Ƴƶ˔˛ƻ ư˖Ʋ ƻƫƩƴ˔ “Love Your Eyes - ơƪ ˔ Ʃƹ ˔ ƻ˖ƺ˖Ʃ˛ƹ
˚Ʊƫ˖Ƶˢƪ˔ Ʃƹ˔ ”. “Ʀǖ ˚ƱƵ ˔ ƻƱ˔ưƳ˖ƷDŽ DŽƯƳ˔Ƴnjư˔Ǐƻ˛ưƩ˔ ƩƮ˔NJǙƴ˔, ƝƱ˔ư ˚ƱƵ ˔
ƻƶƴƸ ˔ ưnjƳ˔ƳǏ ƣƹ˖Ǐ”, “ƞƶƴ˔Ƴ Ʊ˖˛ƸƵ˖Ƹ ˔ Ʀǖ ˚Ʊ˛ƵƩ˔ ƩƯ ˔ ƮƷ˖Ʊ˔Ǐ ƻ˖Ʈ˔ƮƸ ˔
Ɲư˛ƲƩ˔ DŽƯƳ˔Ƴnjư˔ǏƻǏ ƣƹ˖Ǐ” ƣƲ ˔ Ʃ˖Ʒƶ˔Ʃ˚ƹ, ƝǏ ˚ƳƸ ƩƯ ˔ Ƴƶ˔˛ƻ
ƟƺƳ˔Ƴ˖˛Ʋ ưnjƳ˔ƳǏ ƫư˔ư˖Ƶƴ?
ƫư˔ư˖Ƶ˚ƴ!
DŽƺƱ˔˛ưƩǚƩ˔DŽ ưƮ˔Ʈƴ˔˛ƴ, ƫ˖Ʋ ˔ Ʋƴ˔˛ƴ (Measles and Chicken Pox) ˚ƳƲ ˔ Ʒ˛ƻ
ƻƱ˔ưƸ ˔ Ɲ˛ƻ DŽƯƴƲƻˢƮƲ ˔ ƩƯ ˔ ƴǖư˔Ǐƻ˛ƶƩ˔ ƩƸƱ˔ư˚Ƹƫ˖Ƴ˔ƳǏ ƱƸ ˔ ƸǏ.
Ƥ˙ƲƲ˖Ƹ ˔ Ʃ˖ƶƴƪ ˔ Ʃƹ˖Ƹ ˔ “DŽƺƱ˔˛ư ˚ƴ˚Ƹ Ɲƴ˔ƴ ƻƱ˔ư. ƩƯ ˔ ˛ƯƳ˔ ƳƷ˖ƫ˔LJƮ˔nj
˚ƳƵ ˔ Ʈ˔Ʈ, ˙ưƵ ˔ ƻƩ˔ DŽư˔ưƴ˔ ƻƱ˔Ǐǖƫ˔LJ” ƣƲ ˔ ˙ƷƸ ˔ Ƹƴ˔ ˚ƳLJƻ˛ư
ƩƻƲ˖ư˔ư˖ǖƳ˔Ƴ ˓ƶ˔Ʃƹ ˔ . ˚ƱƵ ˔ ư˔˙ưƷ˔Ʒ˖Ʋ ˔ ƩƶƯƴƩ ƩƯ ˔ Ƴƶ˔˛ƻƩ˔ DŽ˛ƷƳnj
ƤƷ˔ƳƮ˔NJǖƩ˔ƩƸƴ˔. Ʊƴ˔ ƩƻƲƩ˔ DŽ˛ƷƻˢƩ˔DŽ ƩƮƻˢ˛ƹ DŽ˛Ʒ ˙ƫƸ ˔ Ƹ ˚ƻƯ ˔ Ʈƴ˔.
DŽƺƱ˔˛ưƩƹ˖Ʋ ˔ Ʃǖƻ˖ƺ˖ƩǚƩ˔DŽ ǓƲ ˔ ƳˢƷƴ˔ Ʃƶ˔Ʋ˖Ƶƻ˖Ƹ ˔ ǒ ƻ˖ǜƱ˔ưǏ ˚ƳƸ
Ƥ˚ưǑƴ˔ ˚ưƷ˔Ʒƴƹ˖ư˔ưƸ ˔ ƩƯ ˔ ƴǖư˔Ǐƻƶ˖Ʋ ˔ ƩƻƲ˖Ƴ˔Ƴˢ ˚ư˛ƻ. ƝǏ Ƴˢ˛ƶ
(Cataract) ƝƸ ˔ ƸǏ ƳˢƷ˔ǘ ˚ƱƵƩ (Cancer) ƟǖƩ˔ƩƸƴ˔. ƞƴ˔ DŽƺƱ˔˛ưƩǚƩ˔DŽƴ˔DžƮ
˚ƩƮ˔ƮƶƩ˔Ʈ˔ ƻǖƻǏƯ ˔ nj.
Ʊƴ˔ DŽƺƱ˔˛ưƩƹ˖Ʋ ˔ ƩƯ ˔ Ƴƶ˔˛ƻ DŽƷ˖ư˔Ǐ Ʊ˚ƴ Ʀǖ ƻ˖˛ƹƵƮ˔NJƲ ˔ ǔƸƴ˔
˙ưƶ˖Ʊ˔Ǐ ˙Ʃƹ ˔ ƹƸƴ˔. DŽƺƱ˔˛ư Ʊ˖ƴ˖ƶ˔Ʊ˔Ǐ Ƴnjư˔ư˖ǖƩ˔DŽƴ˔˚ƳǏ ƝưƲ ˔ ư˛ƸƩ˔DŽ
˚ƱƶƩ ƳƸ Ʊ˖Ʒƪ ˔ Ʃƹ ˔ ˙ƩƯ ˔ Ʈ Ʀǖ ƳƱ˔Ǐ ƝƸ ˔ ƸǏ ƳǙˣ˛Ʋ Ƴ˖NJư˔ǏƩ˔ ˙ƩƯ ˔ nj
˙ƫnjƩ˔DŽ ˚ƳƮ˔nj ƧƸ˖˙ƵǜƳ˔ƳƸƴ˔. DŽƺƱ˔˛ư ƝƱ˔ư ƳǙˣ˛ƲƳ˔ Ƴ˖NJƳ˔ƳưƷ˔Ʃ˔ƩƩ
ưƲǏ ˛ƩƩ˛ƹƵˢƴ˔ ƩƸ ˔ Ʃ˛ƹƵˢƴ˔ ơƵƶ˔ư˔ư˖ ơ˛ưƩ˔ƩƸƴ˔. ƝƱ˔ư ƳǙˣ˛Ʋ /
ƳƱ˔ư˖˛Ʋ ƻƸǏ ƳˢƷƴƩƻˢƴ˔, ƟƮǏ ƳˢƷƴƩƻˢƴ˔ ˙ưƮƶ˔Ʊ˔Ǐ ƦƸ˖˙ƵǜƳ˔Ƴ˖Ʃ˔
˙ƩƯ ˔ ˚Ʈ Ɲ˛ƫƩ˔Ʃ ˚ƻƯ ˔ njƴ˔. Ɲƻ ˔ ƻǘ ˙ƫƵ ˔ Ƶˢƴ˔˚ƳǏ DŽƺƱ˔˛ư ưƲ ˔ ƩƯ ˔ Ʃ˛ƹ
ƻƸǏ ƳˢƷƴƩƻˢƴ˔ ƟƮǏ ƳˢƷƴƩƻˢƴ˔ Ɲ˛ƫƩ˔Ʃ ˚ƻƯ ˔ njƴ˔. Ɲƻ ˔ ƻǘ Ɲ˛ƫƩ˔ƩƴƸ ˔
Ʊ˖˛ƸDŽư˔ư˖ƲƷ˔ ˚ƳƸ ˔ Ƴƶ˔ư˔ưƸ ˔ ˙ưƮƶ˔Ʊ˔Ǐ ƝƱ˔ư ƻ˖˛ƹƵƮ˔˛Ʈ ƱƮư˔ư
˚ƻƯ ˔ njƴ˔. DŽƺƱ˔˛ưƵ˖Ʈƴ˖ǖƱ˔Ǐ Ǔ˛ƷƵƲ ƣư˖ƶ˔ƱƮƻNJƩ˔˛Ʃ ƤǏƴ˔ ƟƸ ˔ ˛Ƹ
ƣƲ ˔ ƷƸ ˔ DŽƺƱ˔˛ưƩ˔DŽư˔ ˚ư˛ƻ ơƮƲNJ ƩƯ ˔ ƴǖư˔Ǐƻ ˚ƫ˛ƻ.
˙ƳǏƻƩ˚ƻ ƫư˔Ǐƹ ˔ ƹ ƞƩƶƪ ˔ Ʃƹ ˔ Ʊƴ˔ DŽƺƱ˔˛ưƩƹ˖Ʋ ˔ ơƮƸ ˔ ƱƸư˔ư˖Ʒ˔DŽ ˚ư˛ƻ.
ƫƶ˖ƵƲ ơƯƻˢƳ˔ƳƺƩ˔Ʃƴ˔ ƩƯ ˔ ƱƸư˔ǏƩ˔DŽ ƴ˖Ʃ ƴ˖Ʃ Ɲƻƫ˖Ƶƴ˔. ƟǏ DŽƺƱ˔˛ưƳ˔
Ƴǖƻư˔ư˖Ƹ˖ǖƱ˔˚ư ƩƻƲ˖Ʃ˔Ʃ ˚ƻƯ ˔ NJƵ DŽƷ˖Ƴ˔Ƴˢ. Ƴ˖ƷƱ˔ư DŽƺƱ˔˛ưƩǚƩ˔DŽ
ưƵ ˔ Ƴ˔ƳǙƩ˔DŽ ƴ˖ƭ ˔ ƫ˖Ƶ ˚ƻ˚ƷǏƴ˖Ƹ ˔ ˛Ƹ.
Ʊ˓ ƶ˖ƺ˖ƻˢƴ˔ Ƴƶ˔˛ƻƵ˖ƺƳ˔Ƴˢƴ˔ș
ơƪ ˔ Ʃƹ ˔ ˙ƳƷ˔˚Ʒƶ˔ƩǚƩ˔DŽ, ƝƸ ˔ ƸǏ Ɲƴ˔ƴ ƝƸ ˔ ƸǏ ƝƳ˔Ƴ Ƶ˚ƶǑƴ˔ ƦǖƻǖƩ˔DŽ
Ʊ˓ ƶ˖ƺ˖ƻˢ Ƴ˖ƶƫ˔ƫ˖˛Ʋ ƟǖƩ˔DŽ˚ƴƵƲƸ ˔ , Ʊ˓ ƪ˔ Ʃƹ˔ ǓƳ˔ƳǏ ƻƵư˖˛Ʋ Ɲ˛ƮƵˢƴ˔ ˚ƳǏ,
ơƪ ˔ ƩǚƩ˔DŽ Ʊ˓ ƶ˖ƺ˖ƻˢ ƟǖƩ˔Ʃ˖Ʒư ƣƲ ˔ ǘ Ƴƶ˖˚ƫư˛Ʋ ˙ƫƵ ˔ Ǐ ˙Ʃƹ ˔ ƻǏ ƱƸ
˔ ƸǏ.
Ʊ˓ ƶ˖ƺ˖ƻˢ ơƪ ˔ ƩǚƩ˔DŽƴ˔ ơǘư˖ƵƲƸ ˔ , Ǔǜ˛ƴƵƲ ƩƯ ˔ Ƴƶ˖˚ƫư˛Ʋ ˙ƫƵ ˔ Ǐ
˙Ʃƹ ˔ ƻǏ, Ʊ˓ ƶ˖ƺ˖ƻˢ ƻ˖ƺ˖ư˔ư˖˛ƶ ˚ƱƵ ˔ ƣƲƳ˔Ƴnjƴ˔ ƮƵƳ ˓NJƩ˔ ˙ƶƮ˔NJ˚ƲƳư˖ ƣǑƴ˔
Ƴ˖ƶƫ˔ƫ˖˛ƲƵ˖Ƹ˖ǖƱ˔Ǐ Ƴƶ˔˛ƻ˛Ƶ ƳǏƩư˔ǏƩ˔ ˙Ʃƹ ˔ ƹ ơưƻ˖ƵƩ ƟǖƩ˔DŽƴ˔.
ƩƯ ˔ Ƴˢ˛ƶș
ƩƯ ˔ Ƴˢ˛ƶ ˙ƳǏƻƩ ƻ˚Ƶư˖Ʃư˔ư˖Ʋ ˔ ƩƶƯƴƩ ƻǖƩ˖ƷǏ ƣƲ ˔ ǘ ˙ƫƲ ˔ ƲǙƴ˔,
ƴƶƳ˖ƵƸ ˔ ƩƶƯƪ ˔ Ʃƹ˔ , Ƴ˖Ʒƻ˖Ʃ˔DŽ˛ƷƳnj, ƩƯ ˔ ƫƶ˔Ʊ˔ư ƻ˖Ƴư˔ǏƩƹ ˔ ˚ƳƲ ˔ Ʒ
ƩƶƯƪ ˔ ƩƹƸ˔ , DŽƺƱ˔˛ưƩƹ ˔ ơƮ˔ƳƮ Ɲ˛ƲƻǖƩ˔DŽ˚ƴ ƻƶư˔ưƲ ˔ ˙ƫƵ ˔ Ʃ˖ƷǏ. ƩƯ ˔
Ƴˢ˛ƶƩ˔DŽ Ʀ˚ƶ ƫ˖Ʃ˖ƫ˔˛ƫ – Ɲǘ˛ƻƫ˔ƫ˖Ʃ˖ƫ˔˛ƫ ưƲ ˔ . ƫƴ˓Ƴư˔ư˖Ƶ ƴǖư˔Ǐƻ ˙ưƺ˖Ƹ ˔ ǐƮ˔Ƴ
ƻƹƶ˔ƫ˔ƫ˖, ƣƹ˖˛ƴƵƲ Ǔ˛ƷƵ˖Ƹ ˔ Ʊ˛Ʈ˙Ƴǘƴ˔ Ɲǘ˛ƻ ƫ˖Ʃ˖ƫ˔˛ƫƩƹ ˔ ǔƸƴ˔, Ʊƴ˔ Ƴƶư
Ɲƶƫƪ ˔ Ʃư˔ư˖Ʋ ˔ ˚ưƫ˖Ƶ Ƴƶ˔˛ƻƵ˖ƺƳ˔Ƴˢ ƩƮ˔njƳ˔ƳƮ˔njư˔ ư˖Ʈ˔Ʈ (National Program on Control of
Blindness) ư˔ư˖Ʋ ˔ ǔƸƴ˔ ƳƸ ˔ ƸƵ˖ƶƩ˔ƩƯƩ˔ƩƲ ƱƳƶ˔Ʃƹ˖Ʋ ˔ Ƴƶ˔˛ƻƵ˖ƺƳ˔Ƴ˖˛Ʋ
Ʀƻ ˔ ˙ƻǖ Ʊǚƴ˔ ưƻ˖ƶ˔ư˔Ǐ ƻǖƩ˖ƷǏ ƣƲ ˔ ƳǏ Ʀǖ ƞ˚ƶƩ˔Ʃ˖ƵƴƲ ˙ƫƵ ˔ ư˖.
ȢƶƬ ˚ưƮ˔Ʈư˔ư˖Ƹ
˔ ƱǘƴƯƴ˖Ʃ˔Ʃ ƩƷ˔ǘ
ƻ ˓LJƩ˖ƷǏȚ Ɲƶ˚ƫȜȢ ƣƲ ˔ ǘ Ʀǖ ƴƱ˔ư˖ƶ˖
DžƷ˖Ʋƶ˔ȟ ȢƝ˛ư Ʊƴ˔ Ʊ˓ ư˖ƴƲ˔ Ʒư˔ư˖Ʒ˔DŽƹ˔
˙ƩƯ ˔ njƻǖ˚ƻƴ˔ȟȢ
ȽƝƫư˔ư˖ƵƴƲ Ʃƶ˖Ƶƴ˔ȜȾ ƣƲ ˔ ǘ
˙ưƲƸ˖ƶƴƲ ˔ ƴ˓Ǐ ˙ƳƷ˛ƴ
˙ƩƯ ˔ Ʈ Ɲ˛ƴƫ˔ƫƶ˔Ț ȽƶƴƲƸ ˔
ƣƳ˔ƳNJǓNJƵˢƴ˔ȠȾƣƲ˔ ǘƻ˖Ʋƻ˖Ʋƶ˔ȟ
˙ưƲƸ˖ƶƴǑƩ˔DŽ ƱƲ ˔ Ʒ˖
˙ưƶ˖ƻ˖ư˔ǏȚ ȽơƲ ˔ ƲƸ ˔ ƴƮ˔nj˚ƴ
ǓNJƵˢƴ˔ ƶƴƲ ˔ ȜȾ ƣƲ ˔ ǘ ƝƻƶǏ
ƭƲư˔ư˖Ʒ˔DŽƴ˔
Ƴˢư˔ư˖ƫƸ˖ư˔ưƲư˔ư˖Ʒ˔DŽƴ˔ ƴ˓Ư˔ njƴ˔
ƦǖǓ˛Ʒ˙ƻDŽƴư˖˛ƵƳ˔Ɲƹ˖ư˔ưƶ˔ȟ
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The temple is known for Child boon Prayer. Women take bath in all the Theertas of the temple and go round
the temple deity with hands stretched praying. As you walk around the temple, if you look at the path
through out you will see the images of this action by women etched on the granites. Luckily during
renovation, they didn't remove these granite stones and left them as it is. Finally the temple has some very
interesting inscriptions. These are on the right side of the gopuram as you walk inside. It talks about the
Kanya Shulka system in those days where at the time of marriage, the boy's family has to pay the girl's
family money (opposite of dowry).
The Presiding deity is a Swamyambumurthi in a Another importance is the Rudraksha roof above
leaning form. The rays of the Sun fall on the Lord the Sanctum Sanctorum. When you go to this
in the month of Panguni (March-April)! temple, ask the priest to show this. The
renowned Vedic scholar Sri Appayya Dikshitar
Palm tree is the Sthala Vruksham, in the inner composed the famous Margabandu Stotram,
Prahaaram. The tree has a peculiar characteristic 'Shambo Mahadeva deva' here. Another unique
of giving black fruits in a year and White fruits aspect of this temple is it has a Sun Dial on the
the following year. outer prakaram.
The temple is known for Child boon Prayer. Women take bath in all the Theertas of the temple and go round
the temple deity with hands stretched praying. As you walk around the temple, if you look at the path
through out you will see the images of this action by women etched on the granites. Luckily during
renovation, they didn't remove these granite stones and left them as it is. Finally the temple has some very
interesting inscriptions. These are on the right side of the gopuram as you walk inside. It talks about the
Kanya Shulka system in those days where at the time of marriage, the boy's family has to pay the girl's
family money (opposite of dowry).
Lingaraj is alluded to as
'Swayambhu" - (self-began
Shivlinga). One more significant
part of the temple is that it
means the syncretisation of
Shaivism and Vaishnavism
orders in Odisha. The Shivling is
known as Hari Hara. Maybe the
rising faction of Lord Jagannath
which matched with the
finishing of the Lingaraja Temple
played a part to play.
The non-Hindus are not allowed
to get inside the temple
premises. Be that as it may, one
can get a perspective on the
whole temple complex and take
photos from a raised stage (
raised exceptionally for the
foreign tourists just outside the
north external boundary wall).
Cette étude fut d'abord écrite pour une revue, après l'exposition
posthume du maître anglais, comme M. Armand Dayot me
demandait quelques lignes qui commentassent des reproductions en
blanc et noir de toiles inconnues en France. J'avais trop peu de place
pour donner aux lecteurs l'idée de cette œuvre énorme et les raisons
que j'ai de l'admirer tant. Watts est un des plus importants artistes
que je présentais dans «Essais et Portraits» et je ne lui consacrais
que cinq pages; au moment où je les relus—avril 1916—venait de
paraître un article saisissant, de M. Pierre Mille: «La fin du
Gentleman». La conscription générale était sur le point d'être
adoptée par l'Angleterre, qui, en face du péril européen, renoncerait
les avantages de caste qu'elle avait conservés, bouleversant les
traditions qu'elle était la dernière des aristocraties à maintenir. Le
sens de l'œuvre et la vie de Frédérick Watts prirent un sens social,
s'éclairèrent, comme tant d'autres choses, au reflet de la guerre.
Pourquoi Watts était-il demeuré si étranger à nous? Pour les
mêmes raisons auxquelles est due l'incompréhension mutuelle des
Anglais et des Français, persistant, même depuis qu'alliés nous
répandions, côte à côte, notre sang pour une même cause.
*
* *
Mais n'est-il pas trop tard pour parler de Watts, que je voudrais
faire aimer et mieux connaître? Je crains de suggérer à des Français
la sorte d'opinion qu'ils se firent d'un Théodore Chassériau, d'un
«homme distingué», d'un dandy; ou qu'un «avant-garde» ne me
réponde, comme me l'écrivait quelqu'un de «distingué» en sortant
de la Tate Gallery: «Les Anglais ont, comme les Belges, leur musée
Wirtz…»?
Watts, non moins que Chassériau, fut «un homme distingué»,
horrible insulte! Mais, avec son pinceau, il fut le très puissant
créateur d'un vaste cycle où les Dieux, les Héros, fraternisent avec
les personnages du siècle dernier. Si je n'ose le comparer à
Delacroix, c'est que je suis moi-même, avant tout, sensible à cette
qualité inanalysable de «peinture» sensuelle, que possédait
Delacroix, comme Rubens, comme Fragonard, comme Manet et
Renoir—qualité qu'on «palpe» parfois chez Watts, mais qu'il perd
quand il devient trop «cérébral».
Mais quel que soit son moyen d'expression, on ne résiste pas à
l'admiration qu'inspire la magnitude de sa pensée. Chesterton nous
le présente ainsi: «Voici un homme dont la dépréciation de soi-
même est intérieure et essentielle, dont la vie est d'un moine, le
caractère d'un enfant, et il a au fond de son âme un si inconscient et
colossal sens de sa grandeur, qu'il peint comme si son œuvre devait
avoir plus de durée que la Croix dans la Cité Éternelle. Adolescent, il
s'attendait à peine aux applaudissements du public; comme vieillard,
il s'étonne encore de ses succès; mais dans son adolescence
anonyme, comme dans sa silencieuse vieillesse, il peint comme un
qui, du haut d'une tour, abaisserait ses regards, à travers la
perspective des siècles, sur des temples fantastiques et
d'inconcevables républiques.
»L'esthétique et la morale d'un Watts ne sont pas, comme chez la
plupart de ceux nés artistes, des sujets à somptueux discours, à
développements pour conférences et dont il y aura des profits
personnels à tirer; mais une règle de vie, comme de se lever de
bonne heure, d'être consciencieux, c'est-à-dire: ou bien un principe,
ou rien du tout.»
Aussi bien, comme Chesterton le fait remarquer, la morale,
l'évangélisation, dirions-nous, un besoin si caractéristique de la
vertueuse époque victorienne, ce grand portraitiste ne s'en peut pas
départir, Watts la tient pour son principal devoir, sans pour cela
cesser d'être peintre; sa morale s'incorpore à son œuvre de peintre.
Son individualité n'en est jamais offusquée, quoique Watts rentre
toujours, de parti pris, dans l'Universel, et refuse de regarder
l'univers du point de vue de l'individu—ce qui, d'autre part, donne à
un artiste plus d'acuité, de personnalité—et c'est là un des traits
essentiels d'un homme comme Frédérick Watts et, à la fois, de son
époque. Nous le présentons au lecteur français, autant comme un
document historique, que comme un peintre. Il étonnera, par la
multiplicité de son entreprise humanitaire, les jeunes gens de notre
aujourd'hui, tout dévoués aux «essais», volontiers spécialistes, qui
se renferment dans un étroit cercle d'expériences et se plaisent à
l'ésotérisme, cherchent à n'être point compris du vulgus. Watts n'a
pas non plus composé des tableaux dont le symbole fût toujours
clair; néanmoins, il prétend instruire, il peint pour que ses toiles
soient vues par des illettrés, aussi bien que par des «intellectuels», il
tient à l'opinion du peuple et lui lègue son œuvre didactique.
«Il insiste sur les symboles universels, écarte ceux qui seraient
locaux, ou temporaires, même si le lieu est tout un continent, et la
durée une série de siècles…»
Il lui eût été facile et d'un plus sûr effet—a-t-il souvent répété—
de rendre plus intelligible le sens d'un de ses tableaux, en y
introduisant quelque image, quelque trait populaire et d'actualité;
mais il ne daigne, car malgré son désir de clarté, son instinct le
mène plus loin. Nous ne voyons pas de crucifix pendu au-dessus de
la tête de l'Heureux guerrier, ni de couronne impériale, ni
d'accessoires héraldiques, symboliques, dans le Mammon; ni une
machinerie théologique, dans la Cour de la Mort. (Chesterton).
Ces adjuvants qui tenteraient sa main, Watts les repoussa parce
qu'ils lutteraient avec sa stupéfiante ambition de peindre pour tous
les peuples, pour tous les siècles!
Et ici, me posera-t-on la question: vous disiez tout à l'heure que
Watts avait vécu comme un moine; or, vous l'avez montré comme un
homme du monde, presque un Chateaubriand, et maintenant selon
vous cet ambitieux peint pour les siècles!
*
* *
Nous aimerions savoir quels furent les rapports des deux rivales,
élèves d'Édouard Manet: Berthe Morisot et Eva Gonzalez. Celle-ci,
moins douée, mais dont on parlait davantage, car elle exposait au
Salon et vivait dans le monde littéraire et journaliste de Paris. Toutes
deux avaient quelque chose d'espagnol en elles; ou bien était-ce que
Manet les espagnolisât, quand il les faisait poser? L'une et l'autre
dames aux cheveux noirs, aux yeux noirs, aux fines mules, sont
inséparables, pour nous, ne fût-ce qu'à cause de l'œuvre de leur
maître, où elles figurent si souvent, surtout madame Morisot, qui fut
pour une bonne part «l'élément Goya», dans les toiles de votre
oncle.
L'apparition du «Balcon», au Salon des Champs-Élysées,
provoqua combien de discussions chez ces dames de la villa Fodor!
«l'enlaidissement» de mademoiselle Berthe, que nous trouvons si
belle aujourd'hui, dans sa robe blanche derrière les barreaux vert-
véronèse du «Balcon». Et la «femme à l'éventail», la «femme au
soulier rose», la «femme au manchon» les cheveux à la chien sur le
front, les yeux profondément enfoncés dans le bistre!…
Tandis qu'Eva Gonzalez, bonne copiste, peignait lourdement
comme M. Manet, avant 70, Berthe Morisot, dès ses débuts, avait
conquis sa liberté. Je croirais qu'elle suggéra peut-être à Claude
Monet et à Sisley, qu'un paysage parisien ou des environs de Paris,
un jardin, un pont de chemin de fer, des coquelicots dans l'avoine
pâle de Seine-et-Oise, étaient des motifs picturaux et il semble
qu'elle ait parfois prêté ses modèles, pour les figurines à chapeaux
de paille et à jupes claires, qui remplacent enfin les paysans, les
bûcheronnes, dans le paysage «impressionniste». Berthe Morisot fut
la bonne fée de l'impressionnisme, qui est un art féminin, comme de
faire des bouquets ou de la «frivolité»!
Au rebours des personnes de son sexe, qui se guindent à la
facture mâle et ne songent qu'à faire oublier qu'elles sont femmes,
Berthe Morisot a senti les limites de son art, traitant la peinture en
aquarelliste, en pastelliste, dessinaillant, «jetant», comme on disait à
la villa Fodor, n'appuyant pas, frôlant la toile ou le papier. Sa maîtrise
garda, jusqu'à la fin de sa vie, la saveur de la jeunesse, les
colorations du premier printemps, l'odeur du serynga et des lilas
blancs sous la pluie. Déjà parvenue à la maturité du talent, copie-t-
elle un plafond de Boucher, au Louvre? C'est une transcription qu'elle
en fait, un panneau bleu-rose et blanc, pour décorer son atelier-
salon de la rue de Villejust, qu'elle a voulu non pas au nord, mais en
plein midi, à lambris blancs Louis XVI; la lumière y est égalisée par
des stores crème; il n'y a pas un coin sombre; les jonquilles, les
tulipes, les pivoines dans des vases, se détachent sur du clair, avec
la transparence des chairs, le modelé plat, le «ton local» sans heurts
des objets et des visages qui font face à une fenêtre. Un tel
éclairage passe pour «décolorant»; je ne crois pas qu'avant Berthe
Morisot, aucun artiste ait, de propos délibéré, toujours peint «quand
il n'y a pas d'effet», c'est-à-dire en supprimant les oppositions
d'ombre et de demi-teinte, et choisissant, pour détacher dessus une
figure, une même «valeur» claire.
Berthe Morisot a bien plus influencé son beau-frère, qu'elle ne
s'est soumise aux habitudes traditionnelles d'Édouard Manet.
*
* *