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    HW 7

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    HW 7

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    HW+7

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    HW 7

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    MCEN 3012 Section 002

    Fall 2024

    HW 7

    Due 10/18 11:59 PM

    Remember to use the problem-solving format listed in the syllabus for questions 3 - 5.

    1. Which can have a higher theoretical efficiency: an electric resistance heater (like a typical
    space heater) or a heat engine? Briefly explain your answer.

    2. A refrigerant (assume R134a) enters a condenser in a refrigeration system at 1.3 MPa and 50°C
    with a mass flow rate of 0.1 kg/s. The refrigerant leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid at
    1.3 MPa. The compressor requires 5 kW to operate in this refrigeration system.

    a) Label the diagram below with where Win, Qout, and Qin occur in a refrigeration system.
    Also, label your given variables/properties near their location (near the condenser inlet and
    exit for this problem). Going forward, I suggest making similar schematics for other heat
    engine/refrigeration/heat pump type problems and labelling with your known values
    accordingly.
    Condenser

    Expansion valve Compressor


    (throttling device)

    Evaporator

    b) What is the rate of heat absorption from the contents of the refrigerator?

    c) What is the refrigerator’s COP?

    Use the homework formatting for #3 parts B and C (above), skipping the schematic and variables
    sections since you should have already done those in part A.
    3. A house loses heat to the outside air through the walls and windows at an average annual rate
    of 30,000 kJ/h.

    a) Compare the amount of electrical energy (in kWh) consumed to heat the house over one
    year using either a gas heater or a heat pump. Assume the gas heater has an efficiency of
    90% and the heat pump has a COP of 3.5 - These values are typical for a high-efficiency gas
    heater or heat pump. (No sketch required, but follow the HW format)

    b) Explain why it is not a violation of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics for the heat pump to
    require less electrical energy than the amount of heat it provides to the house.

    4. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, or OTEC, is a process that can produce electricity by using
    temperature differences in ocean water. The process can be modelled as a “renewable” heat
    engine, as it uses warm surface waters instead of fossil fuel as a heat source, combined with
    cold, deep water as a heat sink. The working fluid (the fluid inside the heat engine evaporating
    and condensing) is typically ammonia.

    There is an OTEC pilot plant in Hawaii, where there is access to both warm ocean surface water (25
    °C) and cold water at extreme depths (5 °C). Assume the OTEC plant was designed to pump cold
    seawater (density = 1025 kg/m3) to the condensing heat exchanger at a rate of 1 m³/s. The cooling
    water is 3°C warmer when it exits the heat exchanger. If the thermal efficiency of the plant is 3%,
    what is the amount of power generated (in kW)? (Sketch required).

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