16.CM-DD-NDMATES-LPN - Navigation

SOUTHERN MARITIME TRAINING INSTITUTE
PREPARATORY COURSE FOR MASTER & CHIEF MATE ON SHIPS OF 500 GT OR MORE
Lesson Plan
Navigation
DOCUMENT NO: CM-DD-NDMATES-LPN REV. NO 00/ REV. DATE: 00.00.0000 ISSUE NO. 01 / ISSUE DATE: 01.09.2024
REVIEWED BY: HOA APPROVED BY: PRINCIPAL Page 1 of 22
SUBJECT AREA: 9.1 Plan a voyage and conduct navigation LESSON NUMBER: 01
DURATION: 12 HOURS
TRAINING AREA: 9.1.1 VOYAGE PLANNING AND NAVIGATION FOR ALL CONDITIONS BY ACCEPTABLE METHODS OF
PLOTTING OCEAN TRACKS
MAIN ELEMENT TEACHI INSTRUCT
TEXT TIME Date
SPECIFING LEARNING OBJECTIVE NG IMO A/V OR LECTURE
BOO (MINUT and
(in teaching sequence with memory keys) METHO REF. AID GUIDELIN NOTES
KS ES) Sign
D ES
9.1.1.1. Voyage planning for all conditions Lecture STCW Complied 720
9.1.1.1.1. determines key parameters for the voyage to be Reg II/2 by the
planned and briefs officers appropriately fully lecture
appraises all information that may be relevant to the Table
voyage, including information from: AII/2
 Routeing and pilot charts
 Ocean Passages for the World
 Sailing Directions
 Charts
 IMO Routeing Guide
 Lists of Lights
 Lists of Radio Signals
 Tidal and Tidal Stream Information
 Load line, insurance and charter party parameters
 Port Information
 Notices to Mariners
 Navigation Warnings
 Meteorological information
 Vessel condition, draught, trim and handling
characteristics
9.1.1.1.2. plans voyages from berth to berth using appropriate
strategies and contingency plans in order to deal with

various factors, such as:
 encountering restricted visibility
 expected meteorological conditions
 navigational hazards and no go areas
 making landfall
 accuracy of position fixing required in critical areas
 encountering or navigating in ice
 areas of restricted/confined/pilotage waters
 traffic separation schemes en route
 expected traffic density
 operational requirements in terms of passage time
and fuel consumption
 areas of extensive tidal effects
 ensuring adequate fuel, water and provisions
 ensuring the safety of the personnel, property and the
environment
 ship reporting requirements in vessel traffic service
(VTS) and other reporting areas
 vessel condition, draught, trim and handling
characteristics
9.1.1.1.3. ensures that charts, course cards and other voyage
planning documentation, i.e. navigation notebooks etc.
9.1.1.1.4. accurately detail the plan and are prepared in
accordance with industry practice including ECDIS
where appropriate
9.1.1.1.5. ensures that positions, distances and ETAs or average
speed required calculations completed using mercator
sailing, great circle sailing, composite great circle
sailing and limited latitude sailing are accurate
9.1.1.1.6. ensures that there is adequate fuel, water and

provisions on board for the voyage
9.1.1.1.7. ensures that all watchkeeping officers are fully briefed
and familiar with the voyage plan
9.1.1.1.8. ensures that watchkeeping officers understand the
circumstances in which they may deviate from the
initial plan and the requirement to update the plan
where this occurs
9.1.1.2. Navigation and monitoring of the voyage
9.1.1.2.1. plans and establishes parameters and guidance to
watchkeeping officers to ensure that the navigation
and monitoring of the voyage is appropriate for the
area being navigated, with particular regard to
navigation in areas of:
 restricted waters
 meteorological conditions
 ice STCW
 restricted visibility Reg II/2 Complied
 traffic separation schemes Lecture by the 360
 vessel traffic service (VTS) areas Table lecture
 areas of extensive tidal effects AII/2
9.1.1.2.2. ensures that the vessel’s position is monitored using
two or more independent position determination
systems appropriate to the area
9.1.1.2.3. ensures that the vessel’s position is determined at
appropriate intervals and monitored continuously
9.1.1.2.4. ensures that the execution of the voyage plan is
monitored and that any required alterations are
appraised, evaluated and approved where these are
outside the authority of the watchkeeping officer
9.1.1.3. Logbooks and voyage records

9.1.1.3.1. ensures that proper log and voyage records are
maintained in accordance with maritime shipping acts
and other laws and regulations
SUBJECT AREA: 9.1 PLAN A VOYAGE AND CONDUCT NAVIGATION
LESSON NUMBER: 02 DURATION: 03 HOURS
TRAINING AREA: 9.1.2 ROUTEING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PROVISIONS ON SHIPS’ ROUTEING
TEXT TIME Date
BOO (MINUT and
KS ES) Sign
D ES
9.1.2.1. Routeing
9.1.2.1.1. selects ocean and coastal routes that appropriately
consider
 mandatory or recommended requirements
including the IMO Routeing Guide
STCW
 distance Complied
 average passage speed and fuel consumption Reg II/2
 availability of position monitoring Lecture by the 180
Table lecture
 safety of life, property and the environment
9.1.2.1.2. selects appropriate routes using: AII/2
 weather routeing information received from shore-
based providers
 weather routeing techniques using synoptic and
prognosis information observed and received from
ashore
SUBJECT AREA: 9.1 PLAN A VOYAGE AND CONDUCT NAVIGATION
TRAINING AREA: 9.1.3 REPORTING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR SHIP REPORTING SYSTEMS AND WITH
VTS PROCEDURES
TEXT TIME Date
BOO (MINUT and
KS ES) Sign
D ES
9.1.3.1. Ship reporting systems Lecture STCW Complied 360
9.1.3.1.1. explains the general principles for various ship Reg II/2 by the
reporting systems lecture
9.1.3.1.2. explains the general principles for reporting as per Table
VTS procedures AII/2
9.1.3.1.3. determines the reporting requirements for particular
reporting and VTS systems
9.1.3.1.4. explains the use of AIS within reporting systems
9.1.3.1.5. makes reports in accordance with published procedures
and criteria
SUBJECT AREA: 9.2 DETERMINE POSITION AND THE ACCURACY OF RESULTANT POSITION FIX BY ANY MEANS LESSON
NUMBER: 04 DURATION: 60 HOURS
TRAINING AREA: 9.2.1 POSITION DETERMINATION IN ALL CONDITIONS
TEXT TIME Date
BOO (MINUT and
KS ES) Sign
D ES
9.2.1.1. by celestial observations Lecture STCW Complied 2880
9.2.1.1.1. determines parameters for position monitoring on Reg II/2 by the
ocean passages using celestial observations of the sun lecture
and stars uses appropriate techniques, frequency and is Table
completed accurately AII/2
9.2.1.1.2. verifies that celestial techniques are correctly applied
by watchkeeping officers
9.2.1.1.3. provides guidance and support to cadets and

watchkeeping officers in the correct application of
celestial techniques
9.2.1.1.4. assesses the accuracy of position monitoring using
celestial techniques
9.2.1.2. by terrestrial observations, including the ability to
use appropriate charts, notices to mariners and other
publications to assess the accuracy of the resulting
position fix
9.2.1.2.1. selects and applies the most appropriate techniques for
position monitoring using terrestrial observations in
any area being navigated
9.2.1.2.2. verifies that the position is determined at appropriate STCW
frequencies and monitored continuously using Reg II/2 Complied
terrestrial observations and techniques where these are Lecture by the 720
possible Table lecture
9.2.1.2.3. provides guidance and support to cadets and AII/2
watchkeeping officers in the correct application of
terrestrial position fixing techniques
9.2.1.2.4. assesses the accuracy of position monitoring using
terrestrial techniques, particularly considering:
 the limitations and errors of the technique used
 information from charts, notices to mariners and other
publications
9.2.1.2.5. ensures charts and publications are up to date
SUBJECT AREA: 9.3 ESTABLISH WATCHKEEPING ARRANGEMENTS AND PROCEDURES
TRAINING AREA: 9.3.1 THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE CONTENT, APPLICATION AND INTENT OF THE PRINCIPLES TO BE OBSERVED
IN KEEPING A NAVIGATIONAL WATCH

TEXT TIME Date
BOO (MINUT and
KS ES) Sign
D ES
9.3.1.1. determines appropriate watchkeeping arrangements that Lecture STCW Complied 720
are adequate for maintaining safe watchkeeping, taking Reg II/2 by the
into account the prevailing circumstances and conditions lecture
9.3.1.2. determines the appropriate composition of the watch for Table
differing situations AII/2
9.3.1.3. determines and posts watch schedules that ensure that
rest periods are observed and that watchkeepers are fit
for duty for operational conditions
9.3.1.4. ensures that the responsibilities and expected actions of
the Master when in charge of the navigational watch and
the officer of the watch at other times are consistent with
the Principles outlined in the STCW Code and that these
are clearly understood by these officers, including:
 calling the Master
 expectation of action until the Master formally takes
control of the watch
 physical presence on the bridge
 maintaining an effective lookout
 not undertaking any duties that interfere with
watchkeeping
 determining if there is risk of collision and the correct
application of Colreg
 monitoring and adjusting the vessel position in a
accordance with the voyage plan
 knowing the handling characteristics of their ship,
including its stopping distances
 using the helm, engines and sound signalling apparatus

 familiarization and operational use of all bridge
equipment, charts, and publications
 checks and tests
 actions expected when encountering restricted
visibility or distress situations
 actions when pilots are embarked
 actions when there is any doubt
9.3.1.5. prepares standing orders for watchkeeping at anchor or
under way
9.3.1.6. ensures that an appropriate lookout is maintained at all
times
9.3.1.7. states that watch schedules must be posted and
accessible
9.3.1.8. states the contents of the STCW Code, section A-VIII/2,
part 4-1 Principles to be observed in keeping a
navigational watch
9.3.1.9. states that watch duties should be so arranged to comply
with rest periods prescribed in the STCW Code, chapter
VIII Standards regarding watchkeeping, section A-
VIII/1 Fitness for duty
9.3.1.10. states that the officer in charge of the navigational
watch is the Master’s representative and is primarily
responsible at all times for the safe navigation of the
ship and for complying with the International
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, as
amended.
9.3.1.11. states that officers in charge of the navigational watch
under the Master’s general direction are responsible for
navigating the ship safely during their periods of duty,
when they should be physically present on the

navigating bridge or in a directly associated location
such as the chartroom or bridge control room at all
times
9.3.1.12. states that the Master, chief engineer officer and officer
in charge of watch duties should maintain a proper
watch, making 1he most effective use of the resources
available, such as information, installations/equipment
and other personnel
9.3.1.13. states that the lookout must be able to give full
attention to the keeping of a proper lookout and that no
other duties should be undertaken or assigned which
could interfere with that task
9.3.1.14. states that the duties of the lookout and helmsperson
are separate and that the helmsperson should not be
considered to be the lookout while steering, except in
small ships where an unobstructed all-round view is
provided at the steering position and there is no
impairment of night vision or other impediment to the
keeping of a proper lookout
9.3.1.15. lists all factors to be considered to decide if the officer
in charge of the navigational watch can be the sole
lookout in daylight
9.3.1.16. lists all relevant factors to be taken into account by the
Master in determining that the composition of the
navigational watch is adequate to ensure that a proper
lookout can continuously be maintained, including
those described in the STCW Code
9.3.1.17. outlines all factors to be taken into account when
deciding the composition of the watch on the bridge,
which may include appropriately qualified ratings

watch should:
.1 keep the watch on the bridge;
.2 in no circumstances leave the bridge until properly
relieved; and
.3 continue to be responsible for the safe navigation of
the ship, despite the presence of the Master on the
bridge, until informed specifically that the Master
has assumed that responsibility and this is mutually
understood
watch should not be assigned or undertake any duties
which will interfere with the safe navigation of the ship
9.3.1.20. states that in cases of need, the officer in charge of the
navigational watch should not hesitate to use the helm,
engines and sound signalling apparatus. However,
timely notice of intended variations of engine speed
should be given where possible or effective use should
be made of UMS engine controls provided on the
bridge in accordance with the applicable procedures
9.3.1.21. states that the officers of the navigational watch should
know the handling characteristics of their ship,
including its stopping distances, and should appreciate
that other ships may have different handling
characteristics
watch should make sure that a proper lookout is
maintained at all times
9.3.1.23. states that in a ship with a separate chartroom, the
officer in charge of the navigational watch may visit

the chartroom, when essential, for a short period for
the necessary performance of navigational duties, but
should first ensure that it is safe to do so and that
proper lookout is maintained
9.3.1.24. lists all the checks that should be carried out during the
navigational watch by the officer in charge of the
navigational watch
9.3.1.25. states that the officers of the navigational watch should
be thoroughly familiar with the use of all electronic
navigational aids carried, including their capabilities
and limitations, and should use each of these aids when
appropriate and should bear in mind that the echo-
sounder is a valuable navigational aid
9.3.1.26. states that whenever restricted visibility is encountered
or expected, the officer in charge of the navigational
watch should use the radar, and at all times in
congested waters, having due regard to its limitations
9.3.1.27. lists all the circumstances when the officer in charge of
the navigational watch should notify the Master
immediately, which are:
.1 if restricted visibility is encountered or
expected;
.2 if the traffic conditions or the movements of
other ships are causing concern;
.3 if difficulty is experienced in maintaining
course;
.4 on failure to sight land, or a navigation mark or
to obtain soundings by the expected time;
.5 if, unexpectedly, land or a navigation mark is
sighted or a change in soundings occurs;

.6 on breakdown of the engines, propulsion
machinery remote control, steering gear or any
essential navigational equipment, alarm or
indicator;
.7 if the radio equipment malfunctions;
.8 in heavy weather, if in any doubt about the
possibility of weather damage;
.9 if the ship meets any hazard to navigation, such
as ice or a derelict; and
.10 in any other emergency or if in any doubt
watch should not hesitate to take immediate action for
the safety of the ship, where circumstances so require,
despite notifying the Master immediately in the
circumstances considered important for his presence
on the bridge
watch should give watchkeeping personnel all
appropriate instructions and information which will
ensure the keeping of a safe watch, including a proper
lookout
9.3.1.30. states that in clear weather the officer in charge of the
navigational watch should take frequent and accurate
compass bearings of approaching ships as a means of
early detection of risk of collision and should bear in
mind that such risk may sometimes exist even when an
appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly
when approaching a very large ship or a tow or when
approaching a ship at close range

watch should also take early and positive action in
compliance with the applicable International
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, as
amended and subsequently check that such action is
having the desired effect
9.3.1.32. states that when restricted visibility is encountered or
expected, the first responsibility of the officer in
charge of the navigational watch is to comply with the
relevant rules of the International Regulations for
Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, as amended with
particular regard to the sounding of fog signals,
proceeding at a safe speed and having the engines
ready for immediate manoeuvre
9.3.1.33. states that in addition to the above, the officer in
charge of the navigational watch shall:
 inform the Master;
 post a proper lookout;
 exhibit navigation lights; and
 operate and use the radar
9.3.1.34. states that when arranging lookout duty, in hours of
darkness, the Master and the officer in charge of the
navigational watch should have due regard to the
bridge equipment and navigational aids available for
use, their limitations, procedures and safeguards
implemented
9.3.1.35. states that in coastal and congested waters the largest
scale chart on board, suitable for the area and corrected
with the latest available information, should be used
9.3.1.36. states that fixes in coastal and congested waters should
be taken at frequent intervals, and should be carried

out by more than one method whenever circumstances
allow
9.3.1.37. states that when using ECDIS, in coastal and congested
waters, appropriate scale of electronic navigational
charts should be used and the ship’s position should be
checked by an independent means of position fixing at
appropriate intervals
9.3.1.38. states that in coastal and congested waters the officer
in charge of the navigational watch should positively
identify all relevant navigation marks
9.3.1.39. states that when navigating with pilot on board, despite
the duties and obligations of pilots, their presence on
board does not relieve the Master or the officer in
charge of the navigational watch from their duties and
obligations for the safety of the ship
9.3.1.40. states that when navigating with pilot on board, the
Master and the pilot should exchange information
regarding navigation procedures, local conditions and
the ship’s characteristics
9.3.1.41. states that when navigating with pilot on board, the
Master and/or the officer in charge of the navigational
watch should cooperate closely with the pilot and
maintain an accurate check on the ship’s position and
movement
9.3.1.42. states that when navigating with pilot on board, if in
any doubt as to the pilot’s actions or intentions, the
officer in charge of the navigational watch should seek
clarification from the pilot and, if doubt still exists,
should notify the Master immediately and take
whatever action is necessary before the Master arrives
SUBJECT AREA: 9.4 FORECAST WEATHER AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS

TRAINING AREA: 9.4.1 KNOWLEDGE OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS WEATHER SYSTEMS, INCLUDING TROPICAL REVOLVING
STORMS AND AVOIDANCE OF STORM CENTRES AND THE DANGEROUS QUADRANTS
TEXT TIME Date
BOO (MINUT and
KS ES) Sign
D ES
9.4.1.1. Guiding principles relating to the safety of
navigation in ice
9.4.1.1.1. states the signs which may indicate the proximity of
STCW
ice on clear days and nights Complied
9.4.1.1.2. defines the ranges at which observers may expect to Reg II/2
detect ice visually in varying conditions of visibility, Lecture by the 360
Table lecture
see T61
9.4.1.1.3. discusses the limitations of radar as a means of AII/2
detecting ice
9.4.1.1.4. states the precautions to be taken when navigating near
ice, and when ice is suspected in the vicinity
LESSON NUMBER: 07 DURATION: 7.5 HOURS
TRAINING AREA: 9.4.2 ABILITY TO CALCULATE TIDAL CONDITIONS
TEXT TIME Date
BOO (MINUT and
KS E) Sign
D ES
9.4.2.1. explains the non-astronomical component of sea level

9.4.2.2. explains other irregularities of the tide
9.4.2.3. states that the predicted tide level is not an accurate
value
9.4.2.4. demonstrates the use of tide tables
9.4.2.5. determines height and time for high and low water in
secondary ports
9.4.2.6. determines the predicted height of water at a given time
in a tabulated port
9.4.2.7. determines the predicted time for a given tide level
9.4.2.8. demonstrates the use of tidal stream charts
9.4.2.9. defines the zero level of the charts
9.4.2.10. evaluates qualitatively the effect of high or low STCW
Complied
atmospheric pressure on tide levels Reg II/2
9.4.2.11. evaluates qualitatively the effect of persistent winds on Lecture by the 450
Table
tide levels and tidal times lecture
AII/2
9.4.2.12. evaluates qualitatively the effect of abrupt changes of
weather conditions on tidal levels
9.4.2.13. describes seismic waves, their origin and areas of
prevalence
9.4.2.14. demonstrates use of computer program to obtain tidal
information
9.4.2.15. explains briefly the use of harmonic constant method
of tidal prediction
9.4.2.16. explains the reliability of tidal predictions (awareness
of the factors influencing the accuracy and reliability
of predictions (e.g. local weather conditions, flooding,
local area knowledge, etc.)

TRAINING AREA: 9.4.3 USE ALL APPROPRIATE NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS ON TIDES AND CURRENTS
TEXT TIME Date
BOO (MINUT and
KS ES) Sign
D ES
9.4.3.1. Nautical publications and information which can be
obtained via internet and
9.4.3.1.1. uses tidal height calculations in passage planning, with
regard to limiting draughts and times of available
depth of water STCW
9.4.3.1.2. uses tidal stream information in passage planning, with Reg II/2 Complied
regard to effect on course made good, and effect on Lecture by the 360
speed and timing of events Table lecture
9.4.3.1.3. uses current information in passage planning, with AII/2
regard to effect on course made good, and effect on
speed and timing of events
9.4.3.1.4. uses information which can be obtained via internet
and email on tides and currents in passage/voyage
planning
SUBJECT AREA: 9.5 MANOEUVRE AND HANDLE A SHIP IN ALL CONDITIONS
TRAINING AREA: 9.5.1 PRACTICAL MEASURES TO BE TAKEN WHEN NAVIGATING IN OR NEAR ICE OR IN CONDITIONS OF ICE
ACCUMULATION ON BOARD
TEXT TIME Date
BOO (MINUT and
KS ES) Sign
D ES
9.5.1.1. states that all possible information about ice located on Lecture STCW Complied 360
or in the vicinity of the intended track should be Reg II/2 by the
obtained lecture
9.5.1.2. states that information is available from: Table
 daily bulletins of the International Ice Patrol in the AII/2
North Atlantic
 ice warnings from countries where ice is a regular
problem
 Hydrographic Office ice charts
 pilot books
 facsimile ice charts
 warnings from other ships in the vicinity
9.5.1.3. defines the following terms used in ice warnings:
 solid ice
 soft ice
 drift ice
 pack ice
 growler
 iceberg
9.5.1.4. states the Master’s obligation to report dangerous ice or
sub-freezing air temperatures associated with gale-force
winds causing severe ice accretion on superstructures
9.5.1.5. states that, when ice is reported on or near the course,
the Master of every ship is bound to proceed at a
moderate speed or to alter course so as to go well clear
of the danger zone
9.5.1.6. explains that radar may not detect small icebergs and
growlers
9.5.1.7. states that navigation marks may be removed without
warning in coastal areas threatened by ice
9.5.1.8. states that no attempt should be made to enter a region

of thick ice in a ship not
9.5.1.9. lists precautions to take when entering ice as:
 estimating the thickness and concentration of ice and
assessing whether the ship can safely pass through it
 avoiding entry to pressure areas (shown by hummocks
and rafting)
 following leads used by previous ships, where possible
 entering on the lee side of the ice, if practicable
 entering at right angles to the ice edge, to avoid damage
to hull, propeller and rudder
 approaching at as slow a speed as possible, and
increasing the power to maintain headway when the bow
contacts the ice
9.5.1.10. explains that leads through the ice show well on radar
when set to short range
9.5.1.11. explains precautions to be taken to avoid damaging the
propeller and rudder when manoeuvring in ice
9.5.1.12. explains how to obtain assistance from an ice-breaker
9.5.1.13. states that it is important to follow the ice-breaker’s
instructions regarding speed and manoeuvring
9.5.1.14. states that fenders should be ready for use when
negotiating sharp turns in leads
9.5.1.15. describes the precautions which should be taken to
prevent freezing up of tail- end shafts, deck machinery
and services
9.5.1.16. describes how to heave-to in an ice field
9.5.1.17. describes the need to keep a lookout, when hove-to at
night, for large ice drifting through the pack
9.5.1.18. states that soft ice may block seawater intakes
9.5.1.19. describes the conditions in which ice accumulates on

decks and superstructures
9.5.1.20. explains the dangers resulting from heavy
accumulation of ice
9.5.1.21. states that a change of course or speed should be made
to reduce the shipping of freezing spray
9.5.1.22. states that accumulated ice and snow should be cleared
away as quickly as possible
9.5.1.23. describes methods of clearing decks, rigging and
superstructure of ice
SUBJECT AREA: 9.5 MANOEUVRE AND HANDLE A SHIP IN ALL CONDITIONS
TRAINING AREA: 9.5.2 USE OF, AND MANOEUVRING IN AND NEAR, TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES AND IN VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICE
(VTS) AREAS
TEXT TIME Date
BOO (MINUT and
KS ES) Sign
D ES
9.5.2.1. explains the requirements of the International Lecture STCW Complied 360
Regulations for preventing Collisions at Sea with Reg II/2 by the
respect to traffic separation schemes and narrow lecture
channels Table
9.5.2.2. discusses the actions that can be taken to manoeuvre the AII/2
vessel in case of emergency
9.5.2.3. describes the information that may be required by VTS
officers before entering, leaving or manoeuvring within
a VTS controlled area
9.5.2.4. plans manoeuvres in and near traffic separation schemes
9.5.2.5. performs manoeuvres in and near traffic separation
schemes

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SOUTHERN MARITIME TRAINING INSTITUTE

strategies and contingency plans in order to deal with

9.1.1.1.6. ensures that there is adequate fuel, water and

9.1.1.3. Logbooks and voyage records

9.2.1.1.3. provides guidance and support to cadets and

MAIN ELEMENT TEACHI INSTRUCT

 using the helm, engines and sound signalling apparatus

when they should be physically present on the

which may include appropriately qualified ratings

officer in charge of the navigational watch may visit

sighted or a change in soundings occurs;

9.3.1.31. states that the officer in charge of the navigational

be taken at frequent intervals, and should be carried

whatever action is necessary before the Master arrives

SUBJECT AREA: 9.4 FORECAST WEATHER AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS

9.4.2.1. explains the non-astronomical component of sea level

SUBJECT AREA: 9.4 FORECAST WEATHER AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS

LESSON NUMBER: 08 DURATION: 06 HOURS

9.5.1.8. states that no attempt should be made to enter a region

9.5.1.19. describes the conditions in which ice accumulates on

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