KS4 Parent Handbook 2024-2025
KS4 Parent Handbook 2024-2025
KS4 Parent Handbook 2024-2025
Parent Handbook
2024-2025
1
Contents
School Calendar
Assessment
Extra-Curricular Activities..................................................................................................................15
Bullying.............................................................................................................................................17
Parent/Student agreement
Study skills 20
Curriculum map
2
School Contact Details
Telephone: +201022230013/14/15/16
Website: www.bism-cairo.com
Email: [email protected]
Facebook: facebook.com/BISMCairo
This booklet and the information it contains is designed to ensure that your child has every
opportunity to make a smooth transition from key stage 3 to key stage 4. It acts as a guide to how the
school operates during Key Stage 4 (Years 9 and 10) and how your child can benefit from the high
quality British education we offer.
In the first section you will find lots of useful information, ranging from the timings of the school day
to who to contact if you have a need to discuss a particular issue. Please take the time to read through
this and discuss it with your child. Look after this booklet as you may need to refer to it at various
times during your child’s time with us!
3
In the second section you will find information on the curriculum and options your child will study in
Key Stage 4, along with links to the external examination boards.
You have chosen The British International School because of our particular model of education, taught
through the medium of the English Language. To ensure that your child is able to benefit from their
opportunities here, we insist that only English is spoken in school. (The obvious exceptions will be
when students are speaking to an Arabic teacher or speaking the target language in French.) Students
need to develop their subject vocabulary and clear diction by speaking English as much as possible
both in school, with their teachers and peers, and at home. We depend upon the partnership between
school and home to work towards our shared goal of fluency and accuracy in English. This is a highly
desirable life skill which should also lead to easy comprehension of examination questions and the
ability to answer in good English as the Examination Boards demand. In this way, students should
achieve their true academic potential in the British examinations.
We at The British International School Madinaty regularly review and update our procedures and
methods to ensure every child attains the best they can. We believe that education demands a
partnership between home and school and we are happy to receive any suggestions from parents or
students about what should be included in this booklet.
We look forward to working with you all and wish your sons and daughters every success in their
endeavours here at The British International School.
4
Our Vision and Mission
5
Our Values
6
The School Day, Attendance and Punctuality
Students entering their form room after 07:50 are marked late in the register.
Upper school
Registration 7:45-8:00
Period 1 8:00 - 9:00
Period 2 9:00 - 10:00
Break 10:00 - 10:20
Period 3 10:20 - 11:20
Period 4 11:20-12:20
Lunch 12:20- 13:00
Period 5 13:00 - 14:00
Attendance
Full attendance whether this is by virtual learning or physically attending school, is vitally
important so that your child can benefit fully from their time at school. It is the student’s
responsibility to make up for lost time and to catch up with missed work. All lessons and work
should be available on phoenix classroom or alternative platforms for some teachers. Parents
should avoid making holiday arrangements during term time as this will undoubtedly have a
negative effect on their child’s progress.
Parents are asked to inform the school, by phone, on the first day of absence. Failing this, the
school will contact parents on the second day of absence. On their return to school, the student
must bring a note of explanation, written in the student diary.
Note: For Year 11 and 12 students only
Students must sign in and out through the signing in machine by the Common room whenever
they arrive or leave school after 8:00 am.
Please note that it is a Ministry of Education requirement that all students must attend 85% of
all lessons in order to be accepted for entry to public examinations.
In our view, if a student misses 15% or more of their education, they will have serious problems
catching up with work missed. Although the lesson content is available on phoenix classroom the
actual lesson cannot be repeated, and there is no substitute for being present when the teacher
introduces the work. Participating in discussions and contributing to question and answer sessions
are an essential part of learning. Clearly, if a child is ill, they must stay at home, but this is
generally a rare occurrence.
8
Punctuality
As we all know, punctuality is extremely important in a large organisation. Students need to learn
self-discipline and how to organise their time efficiently. These are essential skills for later life and
for the world of work. In the modern world, poor timekeeping suggests a casual, irresponsible
attitude to work and usually results in lost pay. In school it also signals a lack of respect for
teachers and students whose work is disrupted by students arriving late. We want our students to
build a good reputation for their serious approach to their education and develop habits which
they will continue to benefit from in later life.
Students can enter the school through gate 2 from 07:30. Students will stay on the quad from 7:30
till 7:40. Registration starts at 07:05 and students who arrive after 07:50 will be marked late and
sanctions may be applied. The Ministry of Education requires all students with Egyptian or dual
nationality to attend the playing of the National Anthem at the beginning of the school day and so
this will be done during registration every day at 07:55.
If a student is exceptionally late and misses registration when key information is issued for the
day, this is more serious. Lessons begin at 08:00 and students arriving after this time must be
signed in at reception. Students arriving after 8:00 am might not be allowed into the lessons. The
Head of upper school will then be made aware each week of students who have arrived to school
late. If a student is late three times after 07:50, sanctions will be imposed. It is important that
parents support the school in this and arrange transport to ensure that students arrive in school
on time. In case of repetitive tardiness parents will have to sign a declaration form stating that it is
their full responsibility to bring students to school on time.
Students must bring a full set of essential equipment every day. Lost or damaged items must be
replaced promptly to avoid causing problems in lessons. The work of a whole group can be
adversely affected if a student is without the item required for a particular activity.
The pencil case is vital to keep the equipment together and to keep it clean and in good condition.
Good personal organisation is important in school where students have to pack up quickly to
move on to the next lesson. It is also a signal that a student values their belongings and knows
how important it is to be self-reliant and well-prepared.
9
Before School and at Break and Lunchtime - Where should I be?
The next page is addressed to students and tells them where they should be when they are in
school.
Arriving at school
Students should arrive in school, properly dressed in the correct school uniform, wearing a face
mask. Before school, no Secondary students should be in the building unless using the toilets on
the ground floor.
07.30 – 07.40 students should enter through gate 2 and remain on the quad
Lunch time
Students are allocated a position either on the field or in the Quad Area
NB. Some areas are 'out of bounds' ie. forbidden to students. These include:
Secondary students should not be inside the building unless they are using the toilets, or they
have been instructed to keep an appointment with a teacher.
During lesson times, all students should be in classrooms unless they have permission from their
teacher.
When moving around the school, students must walk on the left and remain only use the
Secondary corridors and stairs.
At the end of the school day, students should leave the site promptly and calmly, still properly
dressed in our school uniform. The area around the school is often congested with traffic and
10
parked cars so students must behave sensibly. Acting in a safe and responsible manner and taking
care of younger students will contribute to the good reputation of the school.
Absence
We are requesting that parents either email, call reception or send a message via phoenix classroom
to explain the reason their child is absent from school. In case of repetitive absence, parents will be
asked to sign a declaration form that it is their full responsibility to bring their child to school.
Homework
Homework is an essential part of the Secondary curriculum. Students need a quiet place to work with
a chair and table but without distractions such as mobile phones, TV, loud music or the internet. Of
course, use of the internet is sometimes expected for homework, but parents must monitor this
carefully to make sure that students are on task. Parents can see the homework set by checking the
phoenix classroom along with the date it is due. They can then help students to plan their time and
check that homework is done, ensuring that deadlines are met. Concerns about homework can be
raised through phoenix classroom or by sending an email to the tutor or subject teacher.
Rationale
We all thrive on recognition of our efforts and praise for our successes. Students need this,
even more than adults, to motivate them to continue to work hard and conform to our
expectations. Of course, the praise must be for a specific reason and the student must feel it is
well earned, otherwise it has no value.
We know that recognizing and rewarding small successes motivates students to work hard.
The converse is also true; if we fail to recognize students doing the right thing, they become
de-motivated.
Our school community needs a calm, orderly environment to be able to function effectively.
We need clear, unambiguous rules, focused on supporting effective teaching and learning.
The majority of students will follow the rules and behave responsibly. Some who usually
behave well will occasionally push the limits, as part of growing up and need to be redirected.
A small minority of students may deliberately choose not to conform to our rules.
We intend to focus on the desired behaviour and spend our energy on this rather than on
the negatives.
Aims
Rewards should be accessible to all students. Small rewards should be available in every lesson and
can lead to greater incentives. We aim to:
11
Provide incentives to sustain the desired behaviour.
Outcomes
Clear Rules
We expect, insist upon and recognise good behaviour but we have a clear, staged system in place to
deal with transgressions.
Individual subject teachers will use class time, at the beginning of the academic year, establishing their
ground rules with each teaching group. These discussions should illustrate the links between good
organisation, good behaviour and effective learning as well as the responsibilities that each individual
has when part of a class or smaller group. Students should be asked about what could go wrong and
how that might affect the progress of the group so that they know why sanctions are applied.
Tutors must spend time in discussion with their tutees, going through the rules which apply outside
the classroom, identifying why they exist and the consequences if students break them.
We are adopting the slogan BE THE BEST YOU CAN BE as part of emphasising positive achievement.
Students will be reminded about our expectations of their behaviour by posters around the school and
inside classrooms. Samples of the style and wording are shown below. Our aim is to encourage
students to behave in a way that makes them proud of themselves and helps us to run the school
efficiently and effectively.
Arrive on time
Be clean and tidy
Bring essential equipment
Listen actively
Work hard
Speak only in English
Respect others
In a
Test/Exam:
Bring all your equipment
Line up calmly and quietly
Sit where you are told
Listen to instructions
Do not ask for help
Raise your hand for attention
Speak only in English
Respect others
In the
corridor:
At the Kiosk or
Dining Hall:
Form a queue
Wait your turn
Speak politely
Say please and thank you
Put your litter in the bin
No food or drink orders after the whistle
13
In the Quad
Area:
No running
No shouting
Move on the whistle
Speak only in English
Respect others
On the
Field:
No food or drink
Play fair
No dangerous play
Do not exclude others
Move on the whistle
Speak only in English
Respect others
On the Basketball
Courts:
No food or drink
Play fair
No dangerous play
Do not exclude others
Move on the whistle
Speak only in English
Respect others
Rewarding success
Teachers will have their own ideas about recognising success. These are likely to include:
14
A letter home.
The tangible evidence of our recognition will be points, House Points and prizes. At the end
of the year we also award prizes for 100% attendance.
Sanctions
For those students who push the boundaries of behaviour in school we have a staged system of
sanctions.
If the usual advice, stern looks and warnings have been ignored, sanctions might involve: formal
warnings, break detentions, lunchtime detentions, after school detentions or suspensions.
Throughout the process, the tutor and parents are kept informed through the student diary,
phone calls, meetings and letters.
Monitoring
We may decide to monitor a particular student’s behaviour through a Tutor or SLT Report or in
extreme cases, a Principal’s Report. This gives the student an opportunity to show how well they
can work and behave.
conduct themselves around the building in a safe, sensible, manner and show regard to
others
arrive on time to lessons, ready to learn with the correct materials and equipment
follow reasonable instructions given by the teacher
behave in a reasonable and polite manner to all staff and pupils
complete all class work and homework in the manner required
show respect for the working environment
follow the school rules (e.g. uniform, no chewing, one ball rule etc)
speak English only inside the school building (apart from Arabic or French lessons).
Rewards:
Certificates
Prizes
trip/activity day.
15
Sanctions:
Assessment
As you are aware, in the British education system, we regularly assess students to establish what
they have learned and to help teachers to plan future learning opportunities. We train students
from Year 6 to prepare well for tests and exams, to bring the correct equipment in a clear plastic
bag, to be honest and to follow the rules which are the same for all. Sanctions will be applied if
the rules are broken.
Assessment will take place in a number of different forms. This may be tests, project-work or an
on-going extended piece of writing. Students are assessed using a range of criteria relating to
skills, knowledge and understanding in each subject. At Key Stage 4 and5 , students will receive an
attainment grade for each assessment that is also linked to a threshold. The table below shows
the grades that we use.
16
to a student can do so by calling reception. Students who need to relay an urgent message to a
parent can ask for permission to call home.
As a general rule, if mobiles phones are seen or heard, they will be confiscated, and parents will
be required to collect them from reception at the end of the next working day. If the incident is
repeated the mobile phone will be confiscated for a whole week and to be returned the parents
at the end of the seven days period.
In case of repetition, the phone is to be confiscated till the end of the term.
Extra-Curricular Activities
The Secondary School ECA programme operates after school until 16.00, on Mondays and
Wednesdays. The students are given a choice of activities. These have previously included
football, basketball, cricket, softball, tennis, table-tennis, cooking, jewellery making, painting and
mask making. Students select a new activity at the start of each term. The purpose is to broaden
their learning experience and have fun but of course punctuality, dress code and commitment are
still very important.
We understand that there are laws and age requirements governing the licensing of drivers and
that none of our students are currently eligible for this. We expect students and families to
comply with the law, particularly when the students are in our school uniform.
We have made it clear to students at BISM that it is forbidden to drive a motorised vehicle to or
from school or near the school. It is also forbidden to drive anywhere on school business or to
drive while wearing our school uniform. The school cannot be associated with law breaking.
If students ignore the school rule and the law, we regret that we will have to suspend their place
at The British International School, Madinaty.
If your son or daughter reaches the age of 18 and you wish them to drive to school, please provide
us with a photocopy of their valid driving license and a letter from you saying you give them
permission to drive and that you take full responsibility for any injury or damage caused by vehicle
or driver.
Orderly conduct on school transport is essential both for the safety of the students and for the
good reputation of the school.
For travel between home and school, the school assigns a supervisor to each bus and it is their
responsibility to ensure that all students behave in a sensible manner.
17
The bus supervisor will assign a seat to each student. Students must remain seated, wearing their
seat belt for the duration of the journey. Students must cooperate with the supervisor, driver and
any other adult on the bus, speak politely and avoid shouting or otherwise annoying other
passengers. In particular, for safety reasons, students must not lie across the seats or open
windows without permission. Litter must be taken home.
Should any student misbehave in any way, the incident will be reported, in writing, to the school
by the bus supervisor. Repeated or serious incidents will result in bus privileges being withdrawn
on a temporary or permanent basis. Students will be made clear of the terms of using the bus at
the beginning of the year.
Disciplinary procedure for misbehaviour on school transport (to and from school)
First Incident: The bus supervisor records the incident and sends the report to the transport
manager. The report is translated and logged and sent to the Tutor and Principal who will then
meet the student. The incident is discussed with the student and a warning is written in the diary
to inform parents.
Second Incident: The same process above is repeated with a Yellow letter of warning being sent
home in the diary to inform parents, a further complaint will result in a ban from the bus. Some
further sanctions may be applied by the school to deter a repeat of this behaviour such as a ban
from a house competition or school trip.
Third Incident: On receipt of a third complaint, the Principal will issue a standard letter to parents,
withdrawing the pupil from school transport for 5 school days; a copy is sent to the Transport
Manager, via reception.
Any further incident will cause the student to be withdrawn from school transport for the rest
of the term and may result in a permanent ban.
Should a student be involved in a very serious incident on a school bus, they may have school
transport withdrawn permanently.
For travel between pick up points and school or on a school trip, the same high standards of
behaviour are expected. Misbehaviour on the bus will attract the same sanctions as misbehaviour
in lessons. Dangerous behaviour, or behaviour likely to have an adverse effect on the school’s
reputation, could result in a ban from attending school trips or events that require transportation.
Bullying
18
We believe that all forms of bullying among adults or children are anti-social, unacceptable and
wrong. We must respond to all instances of bullying. Incidents must be brought out into the
open so they can be discussed and strategies agreed to help resolve the problem. If we don’t talk
about bullying, we support the bullies.
What is Bullying?
Bullying is not the same as 'falling out with friends' or the small frictions which occur as young
people mingle. Rather it is targeted, usually repeated, sometimes persistent behaviour intended
to hurt someone physically or emotionally. Bullying is about power. Those being bullied feel
powerless to stop it.
Children mirror the behaviour they receive. So, to combat bullying we need emotionally literate
and aware adults to show children, by example, how to treat each other with respect, tolerance
and care.
Bullying can involve race, colour, religion, nationality, gender, special educational needs and can
take many forms including:
2. Verbal: e.g. name calling, teasing, insulting, writing unkind notes or emails.
4. A combination of the above: e.g. extortion (forcing someone to give up money or belongings)
or intimidation (making someone frightened because of threats).
5. Cyber bullying eg. by mobile phone, messaging services, social networks, internet.
Signs of Bullying:
Parents and teachers have a responsibility to investigate signs of distress in pupils as well as
responding to reports of bullying. The following types of behaviour may be symptomatic of
bullying:
19
h) a reluctance to leave the classroom at the end of the lessons or at the end of the school day
k) uncharacteristic behaviour
Any one might be a target for a bully but the characteristics or experience of some children may
make it more likely that they will bully or be bullied. Some may be both bully and someone who is
bullied. It is important to involve all those involved in an incident when seeking a solution, silent
witnesses too.
Assertiveness Guidance/Training
We can help potential victims/bullied pupils to develop greater range of skills and responses when
caring for themselves. Children can develop the confidence to take control of situations using
responses which “de-escalate” conflicts. When bullied pupils use these strategies, they can
reduce the risk of future bullying.
It is important that we create an atmosphere in school where anyone who is being bullied, or
others who know about it, feel that they will be listened to, and that action taken will be swift and
sensitive to their needs. Telling an adult can be direct and open or indirect and anonymous.
Everyone must realise that not telling supports the bully. There are often several groups involved
in an instance of bullying, the target, the bully, the friends of the bully who may take an active
part and the silent observers.
Action
20
We treat all reports of bullying seriously and will involve the target, the bully and the observers in
a discussion process to seek a solution which helps avoid future bullying. Where the incidents are
persistent or cause serious harm, we will involve parents in the process.
All students are expected to wear the school uniform purchased from the designated shop. Most
items will show the BISM logo. Photographs can be seen on the website www.bism-cairo.com.
The uniform must be clean, ironed and of a suitable size and length; skirts and skorts must be
worn on the waist and reach the knees. Shirts must be tucked in.
If a student cannot wear an item of uniform on a particular day, parents should explain this to the
tutor via an email, the parent has to contact PRE in case of unavailability of the uniform in the
store.
No jewellery is permitted except a small pair of earrings and a watch. Long hair should be off the
face and tied back if necessary.
Seniors are allowed to wear senior shirts and jackets provided that they have school pants on.
Everyone loses things now and then. When students lose something, they can look for it in the
Lost and Found. When students find something that belongs to someone else, they can take it to
the Lost and Found.
1. Putting your name and form on your jackets, sweaters, and other personal possessions will
make it easy to find them and return them to you in case you lose them.
2. Items that you don't need for school, especially valuable ones, are best left at home.
3.Check for your lost item in the last place you had it. Perhaps it's in the classroom you were just
in, so check around your seat and ask the teacher.
21
If you don't find it, check the Lost and Found. Check once right away. If you don't find it there,
check again later or in a day or two because somebody might have found it and turned it in.
If the matter relates to a particular subject, parents should contact the subject teacher. If
the matter remains unresolved, they should then speak to the the head of key stage.
For all other matters, parents should contact the tutor. If this matter remains unresolved,
parents should contact Key stage heads.
On the rare occasions that the enquiry has still not been satisfactorily answered, parents
should be referred to Dr. Samantha Daisley, Head of Secondary.
Home-School Agreement
The aim of our Home-School agreement is to make clear to parent/carers, students and staff
that they all have an equal part in developing successful young adults. The success of each
student will be built upon a mutual and supportive partnership between home and school.
We ask that you carefully read the agreement below and the behaviour policy with your
child.
Study Skills
The following information is a guide to help students study and revise throughout their IGCSE
courses. Your child’s teacher will provide help and advice about how to study and revise in their
particular subject in order for students to be as best prepared as possible by the time they reach
the end of Key Stage 4. There will be opportunities for you to discuss your child’s progress at
Parents’ Evenings and you will be informed by your child’s teacher if there are any issues or
concerns, though please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions.
The following study tips are aimed at IGCSE students to help them study and revise for tests and
examinations:
Remember, by the end of your IGCSE courses in year 10, you will have to sit for the
external exams from the British council
In order to revise this properly, you need to start revising early and in an organised
manner.
One way to start is by collecting the syllabus for each of you subjects (available in this
handbook).
23
Once you have the syllabus for each subject, a good way of prioritising your revision is to
use a traffic light system. Basically this means choosing three highlighters (red, yellow and
green are good ones to use). Highlight the content that you have difficulty with in red, the
things that you need some help with in yellow and the content that you are happy with, in
green. Below is an example of how you might do this.
Once you have gone through each syllabus, you can then write/copy & paste the points
you have highlighted in red onto one sheet so that you know which topics you need to
focus on for each subject.
There are a number of different ways to revise. Look at the ideas below and find out which
ones are best for you. However, you shouldn’t just read through your notes/textbooks as
you are unlikely to retain any of the information this way.
Making notes of the key words/concepts: you can write these notes on cards so you can
easily review them. You could also write them on post-it notes and place them around
your house in rooms that you go in frequently (e.g. your bedroom, on the fridge etc).
Mind Maps – these can help summarise a topic on one page so that you can view
everything easily. Below is an example of a mind map for History.
24
Past papers: answering past papers is another good way of revising as you also get to
practise the types of questions that may come up in your exam. Try to answer some past
papers under timed conditions so that you practise answering the questions in the same
amount of time that you will have in the actual exam.
Revise with a friend: by doing this, you may help each other with some concepts that
you’re having difficulty with and you can also test each other. However, be careful not to
get distracted & talk about other things!
Talk to your teachers – teachers are there to help you! Don’t be afraid to speak to your
teachers to ask for help with anything that you are finding difficult.
19:15 –
French Business Economics Biology Geography
20:15
20:30 – Computer
History Chemistry English Chemistry
21:00 Science
Closer to your examinations, you should draw up a revision timetable so that you can revise in an
organised manner. Below is an example of a revision timetable.
25
Make sure you eat well and take regular breaks.
Go to bed early and get a good night’s sleep the night before a test or examination.
Take one night off a week to do something that you enjoy. This will help you refocus.
Curriculum
In Year 9, students will begin the first year of their IGCSE courses in the core subjects of
English, Maths and the three Sciences (pre IG).
In addition to this, they will also take lessons in Computing, Humanities, French, Art and
Business during Year 9 when they are not studying their IGCSE courses. This will help with
continuity of these subjects if they decide to choose them for IGCSE in Year 10.
Year 9 students will sit the external PRE-IGCSE’s (CIE) in English, Maths and Science at the
end of the academic year.
In Year 10, students will follow their options schedule and sit for exams in June 2025
In Year 11 they will have the opportunity to take AS levels as long as they have had at least
6 in the relevant IGCSE subject.
At the end of Year 11, they will sit their final IGCSE examinations in their non-core subjects,
as well as any AS levels that they have chosen to study.
In Year 12, they could then complete full A levels in the subjects thy started at AS in Year
11, as well as doing some AS levels in other subjects (Business, French etc).
Students could also have the option of just concentrating on their non-core l IGCSE
subjects in Year 11 and then taking AS Levels in Year 12, depending in their university entry
requirements (see below).
One of the main advantages of this revised programme is that students will no longer sit the final
examinations for all eight IGCSE subjects in one examination session. Rather, they will sit final
examinations in up to five subjects at the end of Year 10 and the rest will be taken at the end of
Year 11.
Should you have any further questions about this, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Options blocks:
26
Students can choose one subject from each block. Option blocks are to be chosen
with head of upper school as per the options form announced time during the year.
Two forms are emailed to parents; initial one in November and a final one in
February for the students to choose their options.
In case of any required changes the announced deadlines, parents need to email
head of upper school/ head of secondary/ exams office requesting the change.
Approval is pending availability, subject teacher approval and is subjected to
penalties application.
Please note that English and Maths are obligatory in year 10.
2. The student has a proven record of excellent exam results (not less than A across all subjects in mock
exams and June exams session)
3. The student has registered at least 3 other IGCSE or AS/A2 subjects for the June session of the same
academic year through the school.
In case of approval by head teachers, the student is to pay subject fees of only 10 thousand Egyptian
pounds instead of the normal subject fees to the school in addition to the normal exam registration fees
By Aug. 1st, 2024.
In case of approval by head teachers, the student is to pay subject fees of only 10 thousand Egyptian
pounds instead of the normal subject fees to the school in addition to the normal exam registration fees.
27
After 8 weeks: 75 percent of the subject fees
It is important to check each syllabus regularly to ensure that you are aware of all of the subject
content. Students will be given the syllabus for each subject by their teachers and you can find
each IGCSE syllabus on the CIE/Edxecel websites at the addresses below.
http://www.cie.org.uk/programmes-and-qualifications/cambridge-secondary-2/cambridge-igcse/
subjects/
https://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-international-gcses-and-edexcel-
certificates.html
https://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-international-lower-secondary-
curriculum.html
More about the courses you child will undertake along with a detailed curriculum plan can be
found on phoenix classroom.
28