Course Materials

This course is fully practical, focusing on step-by-step implementation using Petrel for reservoir dynamic modeling.

To follow along and apply the techniques demonstrated, download the course materials from the link below:
https://disk.yandex.com/d/Cn0F70-xxhbpnw

Additionally, this course is explained in detail in Arabic on my YouTube channel. Check it out here:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLf5DM3KBi8XTog9J334BJqmRtrC3G1GBT&si=AgBslpdUroYC2LB4
 Course Materials
- The Uploaded folder contain 3 folders :
Arab Model data : This folder includes the data needed to import into the model, such as PVT and production data.

Static Model : This is the static model built using Petrel 2020. If your Petrel version is 2020 or newer, you can directly
apply the course steps to this model.

rescue files : If you are using an older version of Petrel, you won't be able to open the static model directly. In this case, you
will need to upload the rescue files to recreate the static model and then apply the course steps. The next slides will guide
you through this process.
Import Rescue files
Open Petrel then press File

Select New project

 Import Rescue files • Grid
The new project is created but without any data, now we will upload the static model as rescue files , firstly we will upload
the grid ( including wells trajectories ) :
Go to any empty space in Models pane and right click then select Import file
Import Rescue files • Grid
In Files of type : select Rescue format
Open Rescue files folder, then Arab1 grid folder, select Arab1.bin file then press Open
Import Rescue files • Grid

Now we have the grid

Arab1 and wells

The next step is

importing wells
completion ( Casings
& perforations )
Import Rescue files • casings

Firstly we will import Casing :

In Well Engineering tab, Click Import then select Completions
Import Rescue files • Casings

In Files of type : select Well tubing data (ASCII)(*.tub)

Open Rescue files folder, then wells folder, select CSG.tub file then press Open
 Import Rescue files • Casings
This window is to confirm that each well
name in the file match well name in Petrel.

Now the imported casings saved

in Completions for each well
except well 33.
Import Rescue files • Perforations

then we will import perforations :

In Well Engineering tab, Click Import then select Completions
Import Rescue files • Perforations

In Files of type : select Well event data (ASCII)(*.ev)

Open Rescue files folder, then wells folder, select perf.ev file then press Open
 Import Rescue files • Perforations
This window is to confirm that each well
name in the file match well name in Petrel.

Now the imported perforations

saved in Completions for each well
except well 33.
Import Rescue files

Now Press Save icon , and save the

model in your PC , just write the
name of the model “ Arab model “
Import Rescue files

Now you have static model and

ready to build the dynamic model
Agenda
Introduction
Building Dynamic Model
1- Properties Distribution 3- Grid Filters
• PermY • Well region, Polygon, snapshot
• PermZ & Box filter

2- Wells Data 4- Create Region

• Completion • PVT region
• Production Data
Agenda
Building Dynamic Model
5- Contact Set 7- Rock Physics
• OWC • Saturation functions
• GOC • Rock Compaction

6- Fluid Model 8- Aquifer

• PVT • Geometry
• Initial conditions • Properties
Agenda
Building Dynamic Model
9- Strategy 11- Simulation results
• History strategy • History match

10- Simulation case 12- Modification

• History case • Modifications to enhance HM

13- Prediction
• NFA (No Further Action) Case
 Building Dynamic Model
No. Step
1 Properties Distribution
2 Wells Data
3 Grid filters
4 Create Region
5 Contact Set
6 Fluid Model
7 Rock Physics
8 Aquifer
9 Strategy
10 Simulation case
11 Simulation results
12 Modification
13 Prediction
Introduction
• Petrel Interface
 Introduction
• Building a 3D Dynamic Model: To construct a 3D dynamic model, you first need a static model. This serves as the
foundation where reservoir engineering data is uploaded or correlated before running simulation cases.
• Static Model Folder Contents:
1.Files with .ptd Extension: This folder contains all the static model data.
2.Files with .pet Extension: This is the project file, which can be opened directly in Petrel

To proceed, double-click on Arab Field Model.pet to open the model in Petrel.

 Introduction Quick access toolbar
Tabs Groups

Explorer
Panes Display
Window
 Introduction
Input pane : It contain all Cases pane : It will contain Models pane : It contain the
imported data like wells data the simulation cases we will imported or generated 3D
( logs, completion,..) & create grid models with all their
seismic data , PVT , rock properties & filters
physics, strategies ….

results pane : It will contain

the results of simulation
cases
 Introduction

Perspective: It’s a predefined user interface used to organize the domain tabs
Building Dynamic Model
1- Properties Distribution
• PermY
• PermZ
 1- Properties Distribution
▪ In petrel we could create properties and distribute them in cells by
equations utilizing Calculator.

▪ In Arab model there’s Permx ( Permeability in X direction ) in Properties

▪ we will create & distribute PermY ( Permeability in Y direction ) & PermZ
( Permeability in Y direction ) by based on their anisotropy ratios with
Permx using a calculator.

N.B :
The anisotropy ratio (Permy/permx​) & ( permz/permx) is determined
experimentally by measuring the permeability in different directions X, Y &
Z for core sample.

In Arab model PermY/PermX =1 & PermZ/PermX = 0.1

 1- Properties Distribution • PermY

Select properties then Right Type the following equation : PERMY=PERMX

Mouse Click and select and select the template : Permeability Y then press ENTER
calculator

Now we have the

RMC new property PERMY
 1- Properties Distribution • PermZ

We could open the Type the following equation: PERMZ=PERMX*0.1

calculator by another way : and select the template : Permeability Z then press ENTER
From Reservoir Engineering
tab select 3D Properties :

Now we have the

new property PERMZ
 1- Properties Distribution • PermY
There’s another method to create PERMY instead of calculator :

As PERMY values equal to

PERMX so we could just The copied perm. need to be
copy PERMX and paste it renamed & adjust template

LMC
CTRL+C
CTRL+V
2- Wells Data
• Completion
• Production data
 2- Wells Data • Completion

- In Arab model the completion installed for all wells except well 33
So we will install the completion for this well.

- There are 2 ways to install the completion either by Manual design or by

Completion manager
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Manual design )

Firstly we will open well section

window
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Manual design )

- Select well 33 to show it in the

section window

- From Well Engineering tab select

Manual design
From Domain
- You can select any Log or property to window you can
appear for the selected well change depth
type MD, TVD,…
In our exercise we
will select MD
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Manual design )

You can change the

vertical scale by Lift
Mouse Click at any
space in depth
column and press + Or select
or – buttons to scale value
change the scale from the
vertical
scale
window
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Manual design ) - Casing

1- Select Casing from tool palette

2- Click at any space in completion

column

3- The casing date window will appear , 1 2

enter the date of installing casing which
is 01 July 2021

3
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Manual design ) - Casing
After that
After just move the
entering mouse to the
casing date, casing end
the casing then click
will be and drag
appeared , with casing
the casing to cover all
end will be at layers
the point you
clicked in
completion
column
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Manual design ) - Casing

If the actual depth of casing

doesn't cover all layers , at
this moment you should
install Plug back at the end
of casing .
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Manual design ) - Casing

Why should you do the last

step ?
Because if the casing end
doesn't cover all layers, the
simulation will consider the
open end of casing as a
perforation interval and the
liquid will flow from the
lower layers
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Manual design ) - Perforation

Well 33 has 3 perf. Intervals

as the following table :

1- Select Perf. from tool palette

1
2- Click at any space in completion 2
column

3- The perf. date window will appear ,

enter the date of perf. which is 01 July
2021

3
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Manual design ) - Perforation

After that
After
Adjust the 1st
entering perf
perf. Interval
date, the
1417-1436
perf. will be
just move the
appeared .
mouse to the
upper end of
perf then
click and drag
to depth
1417’ and
drag the
bottom end
to 1436’
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Manual design ) - Perforation

Repeat the same process for the

remaining perf. Intervals as per table
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Completion Manager)
There’s another method to install the completion which is completion manager instead of manual design :
Select well 33 and click completion manager icon
 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Completion Manager)- casing
Select create new completion icon then select casing

Enter the date and depth of the casing

 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Completion Manager)- perforation
Select create new completion icon then select perforation

Enter the date and depth of the perf. interval

 2- Wells Data • Completion ( Completion Manager)- perforation

Repeat the same process for the remaining perf. intervals

 2- Wells Data • Production data
From Well Engineering Tab select Choose files type : .VOL and select the production file
import observed data
 2- Wells Data • Production data

N.B : Petrel accept 2 types of production file

“.OFM“ which could be exported from OFM
software, and “.VOL” which could be created via
notepad
 2- Wells Data • Production data
Firstly we need to confirm that each well name in
the file match well name in Petrel
 2- Wells Data • Production data
Then we need to confirm that each data name in
the file match the data identification in Petrel

In our exercise the Petrel couldn’t recognize the

water injection so we will identify it manually
 2- Wells Data • Production data
The imported production data stored in Input
pane in Observed data sets folder
 3- Grid filters
• Well region filter
• Polygon region filter
• Box filter
• Snapshot filter
N.B : - Grid filter isn’t considered as a essential step for building the model but it’s tool usually used .
- Old Petrel versions don’t have Grid filter icon
 3- Grid filter • Well region filter
- Well region filter is created to make filter surrounding certain well with certain distance

In this example we will create

well region filter surrounding
well 26 with radius 120m
 3- Grid filter • Well region filter
From Reservoir Engineering tab select Create grid filter icon
In create new write the filter name
from filter type select Well region filter
insert well 26
Write radius 120 m , then press OK
 3- Grid filter • Well region filter
The well region filter for well 26 is stored in Grid filters folder in Model pane
 3- Grid filter • Polygon region filter
- To create polygon region filter firstly we need to create the polygon :

From Home tab select 2D

window from Window icon
 3- Grid filter • Polygon region filter
- show any property in the 2d window, then in Reservoir engineering tab select Polygon editing
 3- Grid filter • Polygon region filter
- Then from tool palette select Add points to polygon

2
4

- After that start to pick points for the required

polygon .
 3- Grid filter • Polygon region filter
- To close the polygon just select the Close polygon icon in polygon tools tab (or double click on the pre-last point )

- After closing the polygon select view or select button to finish the picking point mode
 3- Grid filter • Polygon region filter
- Now the polygon is stored in Input pane
- Click Create grid filter icon and in filter type select : Polygon region filter
- Insert the polygon 1 then press OK
 3- Grid filter • Polygon region filter
- Now the polygon region filter is stored in Model pane
- Reopen the 3d window and select the filter
 3- Grid filter • Box filter
- Box filter is created to make filter for box with certain I, J & K values

In this example we will create

well box filter with following
dimensions :
I : 25-40
J : 15-25
K : 25-75
 3- Grid filter • Box filter
- Click Create grid filter icon and in filter type select : Box filter
- Insert the Box dimensions I, J & K then press OK
 3- Grid filter • Box filter
- Now the box filter is stored in Model pane
- select the filter
 3- Grid filter • Snapshot filter
- Snapshot filter is created to make filter for what shown in the 3d window
- For example if we select both previous filters ( Polygon & box ) we have just created , and now we
want to make filter for the shown region
 3- Grid filter • Snapshot filter
- Click Create grid filter icon and in filter type select : Snapshot filter then press OK
 3- Grid filter • Snapshot filter
- Now the snapshot filter is stored in Model pane
- select the filter
4- Create Region
• PVT Region
 4- Create Region • PVT Region
- Often we need to divide the model to regions for many reasons like if the model have different fluid
properties, different rock physical properties, if we need determine fluid in place in grouped zones
separately,,,,
- In our model, we have two distinct PVT datasets:
Layers 1 to 52: These layers are associated with one set of PVT data.
Layers 53 to 128: These layers have a different set of PVT data.

Region A

Region B
 4- Create Region • PVT Region
- Firstly we will create filter for each zone
- From Reservoir Engineering Tab select Create gird filter and select filter type : Box filter
- Define the layers for Zone A by setting the range to K1 to K52
 4- Create Region • PVT Region
- Create box filter for zone B with the same steps but
with K 53 to K 128

The created filters will be stored in

Grid filter folder in Models Pane
 4- Create Region • PVT Region

- Now you can select which zone you want to show for any property you present in the window
 4- Create Region • PVT Region
- Open Property Calculator
- Now we will create the PVT regions A & B by defining value for each zone and click Use filter button in the
calculator while you select the filter for each zone :
 4- Create Region • PVT Region
- Now we have 2 PVT regions stored in the Properties in the Models Pane.

- The color & name of regions need to be modified :

 4- Create Region • PVT Region
- From settings select Color and choose Local (private) table instead of Global, and write the name for each
region, also you can select the color for each region
 4- Create Region • PVT Region
- The legend of the region is adjusted .
How to create region without grid
filter ?
- If you use petrel version doesn't have Grid filter icon, you can create the PVT region
as per the following step
 4- Create Region • PVT Region
- Open Property Calculator
- Instead of using filter, enter the following conditional equation :
 4- Create Region • PVT Region
- Now we have 2 PVT regions stored in the Properties in the Models Pane.

- The color & name of regions need to be modified as per slide No.75
5- Contact set
• GOC
• WOC
 5- Contact set • GOC
From Reservoir Engineering Tab select Make contacts button
Select Gas oil contact
Enter the depth of GOC = -965 ft
 5- Contact set • OWC
Select oil water contact
Enter the depth of OWC = -1475 ft

Now you can find new folder called

Fluid Contacts including the contact
set we have just created
 5- Contact set • Convert contact set to property
In this step we will convert the contacts to properties, that mean define fluid type in model ( Gas, oil & water )
based on the contacts

RMC on From Operations select Make property

Contact set
and select
Settings
5- Contact set • Convert contact set to property
 5- Contact set • Create “above contact” property
From Geometrical modeling select
Above contact
Then insert the Oil water contact
from Contact set to contact
 5- Contact set
The difference between Contact set & OWC as properties is the first one define cells based on fluid type (water, oil
or gas ) which defined from the contact but the Oil water contact is measurement for depth above the contact.

The reason of converting contact set to property and creating Above contact property is to have ability to use these
properties in Calculator
6- Fluid Model
• PVT
• Initial condition
 6- Fluid Model • PVT
- There are two methods to create fluid model either by correlation ( in case of lack of data ) or impot PVT file
- In our exercise we will import PVT file
- As we have 2 PVT regions so we will import 2 PVT files.

From
Reservoir
engineering in
Fluids select
import icon

The import
file window
will open,
select the 1st
PVT file new1
 6- Fluid Model • PVT
Now there’s new folder is
created in Input pane called The imported file take
Fluids and contains the default name in Petrel
imported PVT file ( PVTNUM1)
And you can change
the name

Then repeat the same process to import the 2nd PVT data
 6- Fluid Model
To show the PVT data by opening Function window
 6- Fluid Model • Initial condition

There are 2 methods to

enter initial condition data
either fill the table manually
(if you have the required
data) or just enter the
contact set and ask Petrel to
fill the table form contact (in
case of there’s no available
data ).

Select Fluid model icon then

insert contact set

Then repeat the same step

for PVT2
 6- Fluid Model • Initial condition

Now the initial condition

stored in each PVT fluid
model in Fluids folder
7- Rock Physics
• Saturation functions
• Rock Compaction
 7- Rock Physics • Saturation functions
- Rock physics consist of saturation functions & Rock compaction
- Saturation functions consist of relative permeability curve & capillary pressure curve
- There are two methods to create rock physics data either by correlation ( in case of lack of data ) or impot
Rock physics file
- In our exercise we will create
rock physics by correlation.
- Go to Reservoir Engineering tab
then click rock physics .
- From rock physics window
Select saturation ( Kr curves )
Then from use presets select
sand
 • Saturation functions
7- Rock Physics
Based on our selection of formation type (which is sand) Petrel will fill the end point values of relative
permeability curves, but these values have high degree of uncertainty, then press Apply
 • Saturation functions
7- Rock Physics
Then click Compaction for formation compressibility and from use presets select consolidated sand

Now there’s new

folder is created
in Input pane
called Rock
physics functions
and contains the
correlated Rock
physics curves
8- Aquifer
• Geometry
• Properties
 8- Aquifer • Geometry
- Aquifer geometry related to the connection area with the aquifer & direction of aquifer
- We will detect the area connected with the aquifer by Polygon
- To make polygon open 2D window and show any property, then in Reservoir engineering tab select Polygon
editing
 8- Aquifer • Geometry
- Then from tool palette select Add points to polygon

- After that start to surround the model with the

polygon by picking points above each corner as
shown in front figure
 8- Aquifer • Geometry
- To close the polygon just select the Close polygon icon in polygon tools tab (or double click on the pre-last point )

- After closing the polygon select view or select button to finish the picking point mode
 8- Aquifer • Geometry
And change line type to
Generic boundary polygon
- Now the polygon is stored - Open settings of polygon
in input pane

change the name of the

polygon.
 8- Aquifer • Geometry
- N.B: It’s not essential to make the connection area surround the model, you could just make the aquifer
connecting with the model from one side like the following figure

- But in our exercise we will take the polygon which surround the model
 8- Aquifer • Geometry
- From Reservoir engineering open Aquifer and adjust the geometry as per the following figure :
 8- Aquifer • Geometry
- N.B: The compass defines the directions of aquifer influx, controlling how the aquifer interacts with the reservoir.
 8- Aquifer • Properties
- Enter the following parameters in aquifer properties then press OK

Now you will find the

aquifer stored in new
folder called Aquifers in
the Model pane
 8- Aquifer
- This fig. show the connection of the aquifer with the grid
 8- Aquifer
- This fig. show the effect of compass direction
9- Strategy
• History strategy
 9- Strategy • History strategy
- From Well engineering tab select Development strategy then from User presets select History strategy
 9- Strategy • History strategy
- As you select History strategy Petrel will insert all wells from input pane and also adjust the start and end of
strategy based on the production data table you had imported
 9- Strategy • History strategy
Well folder : To add group just select the main
contain all wells group which is Field and click add
you want to make group button then rename the
strategy for them. groups to producers in injectors and
drop water injection wells 15 & 26
in injectors group.
Group folder : It’s used to
organize the wells in groups
based on categories from your
choice, for example if you want
to classify wells to producers &
injectors. Or if you want to
classify wells based on the perf.
Intervals zone A or B.
This classification will not affect
the calculation but just used to
organize the results of
simulation case
 9- Strategy • History strategy
Rules folder :
Comment rule : in this rule you can write any comment ( it will not affect the calculations but you can use for any
purpose like to remind you for any editing you had performed in the strategy )

You can write here any comment

 9- Strategy • History strategy
Rules folder :
Reporting frequency rule : The reporting frequency generates reports from the simulator at regular intervals.
Intervals may be specified in years, months, days, hours, minutes or seconds.
 9- Strategy • History strategy
Rules folder :
History rate control rule : This rule control wells based on the imported production table
 9- Strategy • History strategy
Rules folder :
Production control mode: By this mode you can define the parameter the simulator will match it and will simulate
other parameters
In our exercise Select : Liquid
 9- Strategy • History strategy

After completed the previous steps press OK

Now you will find the
history strategy stored in
new folder called
Development strategies in
the Input pane
10- Simulation Case
• History Case
 10- Simulation case
To create new simulation case : from Simulation tab select Define case, define simulation window will open
Write the name of the case : History match case
 10-Simulation case
Firstly select the simulator that will run the case And select reservoir type : single porosity
In our exercise we will select Eclipse 100 as the
model is black oil
 10-Simulation case
Don’t forget to check the grid that have been selected in the simulation case is the required grid you want
to simulate it
 10-Simulation case
In Grid tab just insert each property from Model pane to it’s keyword in the simulation case
 10-Simulation case
In Functions tab select Drainage relative permeabilities and insert the saturation function
 10-Simulation case
Then insert the rock compaction
 10-Simulation case
For the PVT : as we have 2 PVT regions select Region index property option and select PVT_REGIONS we had
created.
Then insert each initial condition set to its region ( PVT for each init.cond. Will be automatically inserted )
 10-Simulation case
Finally in Strategies tab insert the history strategy 1, then press Apply to save the case, then press RUN
 10-Simulation case
After pressing Apply there’s error massage will appear warning that the case name has (space) and the
simulation couldn’t run
Just rename the case to be History_match_case then press Apply then press RUN
2

1
4 3
 10-Simulation case
As you press RUN, the simulation window will appear.
 10-Simulation case
AS the simulation calculations have been completed the simulation window will disappear, press ok
11- Simulation Results
• History match
 11-Simulation results
Open Charting window to see the results
 11-Simulation results Click result charting to open this window

Select the
items you
want to
show their
values
Simulated
VS Actual

Select simulation case and Select Field to show the results of

observed data to compare the all wells then we will show results Finally
simulated results with actual data of each well separately press OK
 11-Simulation results
RMC at any space on chart then select split by property to show figure for each item
 11-Simulation results
The liquid rate is matched because we select liquid rate control in the strategy but both oil & water production
are not matched which refer to there’s required modification should be performed.

Actually you should check simulation results for each well and study the communication between wells to
detect if the required modifications is generally for all reservoir or could be performed for certain zones .
 11-Simulation results
To show the results for each well separately :

Click result charting

Select the items

you want to
show their
values for each
well

Select 1st well (15)

 11-Simulation results
- These are the results for the well you have selected which is 33 then to
show the result of next well press this button
 12- Modification
• Modifications to enhance HM
 12- Modifications
- Go to rock physics and create new saturation function , change corey water value to be 1.5 instead of 4
 12- Modifications
Now go to Cases tab and RMC the history case you had created and want to modify it , select Define
simulation case
Now you have 2 options either edit this case by inserting the new saturation function instead of old one and
run it ( but this will overwrite the old results of the case ) or create new case and keep all parameters except
the saturation function ( this will give you chance to compare the results of this case with the new one )
 12- Modifications
After completed run press ok and now compare the results of the new case with modified saturation
function with the original case
12- Modifications

As we got good HM with the new case, now we can delete the 1st case and take the new case as the history
case of this model.
 13- Prediction
• NFA (No Further Action) Case
 13- Prediction • NFA case
Firstly we will create prediction strategy
Open Development strategy and press Create new and rename the strategy
Then press User presets and select Empty prediction strategy
 13- Prediction • NFA case

1- insert wells in wells folder

2- Add 2 new user folders to the wells folder and rename to Producers & Injectors
3- Drop producer wells ( 31 &33 ) in producers and 15 & 26 in injectors
4- create also 2 groups producers & injectors
 13- Prediction • NFA case

Adjust the reporting frequency to 1 Month

 13- Prediction • NFA case

Click Add rule button then select

1- Group minimum production rate rule
2- well rate production control rule
3- well water injection control
Then click Add rule

The rules have X mark that mean they are not yet
adjusted
 13- Prediction • NFA case

Group minimum production rate rule : insert Producers group and adjust minimum rate to 10 , that mean if
the oil rate reach 10 sm3/d the case will be ended even if the end date of strategy not been reaches yet . Then
press Validate active button to activate the rule
 13- Prediction • NFA case

well rate production control rule : insert Producers well folder and select control mode to be Liquid rate and
adjust value of liquid rate to 250, this mean each well will produce 250 sm3/d
 13- Prediction • NFA case

well rate production control rule : to define certain liquid rate value for each well separately :
RMC on the rule and select Convert to tabular rule, then define value for each well
 13- Prediction • NFA case

well water injection control rule : select control mode to be Surface rate with value 400 sm3/d
 13- Prediction • NFA case
Edit the start date of NFA strategy to be the end date of the history strategy ( 01 May 2024 )
And also detect the date you want NFA strategy to be ended ( 2027-01-01 )

RMC on
date
 13- Prediction • NFA case

To create the prediction case just RMC the history case

and select Insert restart case

The new restart case will be immediately created in

Cases pane, and you can rename it by RMC and settings
 13- Prediction • NFA case

To run the NFA case , Click Define case and select the NFA_ case
Then insert the NFA strategy then click RUN and after completing press OK
 13- Prediction • NFA case

To see the results of the NFA case open charting window and select NFA case in
addition to history case
 13- Prediction • NFA case

NFA case results :

 13- Prediction • NFA case

To calculate the expected recoverable oil from existing wells just select to show oil production cumulative of field
 13- Prediction • NFA case

To calculate the expected recoverable oil from existing wells during the strategy period just select to show oil
production cumulative of field

Recoverable oil = 449,000 – 289,000 = 159,000 sm3

 Thank you for your attention, I hope you found this
course beneficial and that it adds value to your
professional journey .

For Any Inquiries, Feel Free to Contact Me: