ART APPRECIATION

Introduction of Art and Humanities FUNCTIONS AND PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ART

Art, derived from the Latin word ars meaning ARISTOTLE
craftsmanship and skill, embodies human creativity
- Substance has an end or tows
and mastery across various forms like literature, music, - Linked with functions
painting, sculpture, and photography. Art is the - Man is bound to achieve a life of fulfillment and
expression of our senses and emotions, transforming happiness or eudaimonia
imagination into beauty through different mediums - Man is rational
and themes. The term "artist" originates from the French
*artiste* and Spanish *artista*, meaning "performer."
FUNCTIONS OF ART
Appreciation is recognizing and valuing the worth or
1. Personal Functions of art
quality of something, often showing respect and
admiration for it. - Functions depend on the person
- Need for self-expression
Appropriation is taking something from another context,
- Mere entertainment
often without permission or understanding, and using it
- Not to mean anything
in a way that might be disrespectful or out of context.
- Therapeutic
ASSUMPTION OF ART
2. Social Functions of art
• Art is Universal
- Convey message of protest (political art)
In every country and across all generations, art - Depict social conditions
has always been a constant presence. Many people
3. Physical functions of art
mistakenly believe that only creations from long ago
qualify as art. However, this is a misconception. Age is - Artworks crafted in order to serve some physical
not a determining factor in the value of art. As Dudley purpose
et al. (1960) aptly stated, “An art is not good because 4. Other functions
it is old, but old because it is good.” - Music served as an instrument to facilitate worship
 In the Philippines, the works of literary giants like and invocation in ancient time
Jose Rizal and Francisco Balagtas are not - Sculpture in the earlier times were made for religion
cherished merely because they are old. - Architecture as the most eminent functional art form
 Art is not Nature (it is man-made)
In the Philippines, it is not entirely novel to hear PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ART
some consumers of local movies remark that these
1. Art as imitation
movies produced locally are unrealistic. They contend
that local movies work around certain formula to the - Artist as imitators and art as mere imitation (Plato). The
detriment of substance and faithfulness to reality of best manifestation is the allegory of the Cave
movies. suspicious of art and artist appeal to emotions rather
than to the rational faculty, imitate rather than lead
1. Art is man’s expression of his reception of nature.
one to reality. Arts are to be banished alongside with
2. Art can be considered opposites. What we find in
practitioners
nature should not be expected to be in art too
 Art Involves Experience 2. Art as a representation

Getting this far without a satisfactory definition of - Aristotle agreed with Plato that art is a form of imitation,
art can be quite weird for some. For most people, art but art for him is an aid to philosophy in revealing truth.
does not require a full definition. Art is just experience. Art provides vision of what the myriad possibilities in
By experience, we mean the “actual doing of reality might.
something” (Dudley et al., 1960) and it also affirmed TWO PURPOSES OF ART
that art depends on experience, and if one is to know - Allows for the experience of pleasure
art, he must know it not as fact or information but as an - Ability to be instructive and teach its audience
experience. about life
 A work of an art then cannot be abstracted from 3. Art as an disinterested judgement
actual doing. In order to know what an artwork,
- Immanuel Kant considered the judgement of beauty
we have to sense it, see and hear it.
as something that can be universal. While judgement
 A painter cannot claim to know how to paint if he
are subjected/ subjective, these are based on some
has not tried holding a brush.
universal criterion
4. Art as a communication of Emotion
- Leo Tolstoy claimed that art plays a huge role in
communication to its audience's emotions that the
artist experienced. Art as a mechanism for social unity
 ARTIST AND ARTISAN
Artist: ENGACEMENT WITH ART
- An artist is someone who produces or creates art with  The defining rules and nature of exhibitions have had
aesthetic value using imagination. This includes an interesting solution changing alongside the
paintings, sculptures, dances, music, literary works, demands of the society that purports to partake in its
and more. display.
Artisan:  The art exhibition holds a mirror up to society,
- Artisans create functional and decorative arts that reflecting its interest and concerns while at the same
address practical needs and improve daily living. This time challenging to ideologies and preconceptions.
includes crafts like carpentry, carving, plumbing,
NATIONAL ARTIST AWARD
blacksmithing, weaving, and embroidery.
• The Order of the National Artists Award (Orden ng Gawad
One key difference between an artist and an artisan is Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is the highest national
their intention. Artist convey a message, feelings in their recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made
artworks. While the Artisan makes artwork as a purpose. significant contributions to the development of Philippine
arts; namely, Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature,
Art is a means of a community emotions ideas
Film and Broadcast Arts, and Architecture and Allied Arts.
through visual auditory or literary media it is a reflection of
Honors and Privileges
the artist's inner world-experiences and values in contrast,
an artisan's primary intention is to create functional • The rank and title of National Artist
• The National Artist gold-plated medallion minted by the
objects that serve a purpose the work is focused on
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and citation;
functionality
• A place of honor, in line with protocular precedence, in state
functions, national commemoration ceremonies and all
OTHER PLAYERS IN THE WORLD OF ART other cultural presentations
Cash and other benefits:
There are numerous people who either work in
consent or dissension, and in doing so, continuously (re)- • A minimum cash award of Two Hundred Thousand Pesos
(P200,000.00), net of taxes for living awardees and a
define, (in) validate, maintain (or abolish), re produce
minimum cash award of One Hundred Fifty Thousand
and circulate the “cultural category of art, and to
Pesos (P150,000.00), net of taxes for posthumous
produce the consent of the entire society in the awardees, payable to legal heir/s;
legitimacy of the art world’s authority to do so.” • A minimum lifetime personal monthly stipend of Thirty
CURATOR • Thousand Pesos (P30,000.00) • Life insurance coverage
for Awardees who are still insurable;
- Interpretation and development of the artworks or
• A State Funeral benefit not exceeding P500,000.00
the collections through establishing the significance,
relationship, and relevance of these materials in
isolation and for as part of a wider narrative. GAMABA AWARD
• The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or the National Living
BUYERS
Treasures Award
- Those who initially assess and survey the artwork that • NCCA searches for the finest traditional artists of the land,
collectors are interested in. adopts a program that will ensure the transfer of their skills to
COLLECTORS others and undertakes measures to promote a genuine
appreciation of and instill pride among our people about the
Those who acquire and purchase the artworks for a genius of the Manlilikha ng Bayan
variety of patrons.
Incentives (Individual)
• The rank and title of Manlilikha ng Bayan, as proclaimed
PRODUCTION PROCESS by the President of the Philippines in accordance with
 The process of creating an artwork does not Executive Order No. 236 or Honors Code of the
Philippines.
necessarily follow a linear progression
• The GAMABA gold-plated medallion minted by the
 The process is essentially tripartite
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and citation;
PRE-PRODUCTION Cash and other perks:
- Artist begins with an idea A minimum cash award of Two Hundred Thousand Pesos
•
- He/she does some research, exposure and etc (Php 200,000.00), net of taxes.
• A minimum lifetime personal monthly stipend of Fifty
PRODUCTION
Thousand Pesos (Php 50,000.00).
- Execution of art • Medical and hospitalization benefits not exceeding Php
- come very on please and skilled execution while 750,000.00 per year
• A state funeral, the arrangements for and the expenses
others need only intuition and a kind of judiciousness of which shall be borne by the Government, upon the
in the manipulation of the material death of the Manlilikha ng Bayan; and
A place of honor, in line with protocol precedence, in
POST-PRODUCTION •
state functions, national commemoration ceremonies
- Tension in how the artwork will be circulated and all other cultural presentations.
Incentives (Group)
• The rank and title of Manlilikha ng Bayan
MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUES • The GAMABA plaque for the group
MEDIUM In the mode of expression in which the • A one-time award of Two Hundred Thousand Pesos (Php
200,000.00), net of taxes;
concert idea or message conveyed TECHNIQUE of the
• The group shall designate its leader who will represent
artwork shows the level of familiarity with the medium and attend events and functions on behalf of the group.
being manipulated. The said representative will also have a place of honor, in
line with protocol precedence, in state functions, national
commemoration ceremonies and all other cultural
presentations
 ELEMENTS OF ART
Line
- A line is a fundamental element of visual art that can o Adjacent Colors: Adjacent colors are located
be defined as a series of connected dots or a next to each other on the color wheel. They
continuous mark made on a surface. typically create a harmonious and pleasing
- Lines are essential for creating shapes and forms, and effect.
they can also be used independently to express a o Complementary Colors: Complementary colors
variety of concepts and emotions. are located opposite each other on the color
Types of Lines: wheel. They create a high degree of contrast
o Vertical Lines: These lines convey height, stature, and can make each other appear more vibrant.
poise, balance, force, and dynamism. They can o Warm Colors: Warm colors, such as red, orange,
also suggest a sense of stability and strength. and yellow, are often associated with heat,
o Horizontal Lines: Horizontal lines evoke feelings of energy, and excitement. They can also convey
rest, repose, calmness, quietness, and inaction. feelings of warmth, happiness, and enthusiasm.
They are often associated with the horizon and o Cool Colors: Cool colors, such as blue, green,
can create a sense of peace and tranquility. and violet, are often associated with calmness,
o Diagonal Lines: Diagonal lines suggest movement, tranquility, and peace. They can also convey
action, and direction. They can create a sense of feelings of sadness, melancholy, or serenity.
energy and excitement. Color Values:
o Straight Lines: Straight lines exhibit stiffness, stillness, o Light Colors/Tints: Tints are created by adding
and inactivity. They can also convey a sense of white to a color. They are lighter and more
order and precision. delicate than the original color.
o Curved Lines: Curved lines indicate smooth Dark Colors/Shades: Shades are created by
o

movements, grace, and fluidity. They can also adding black to a color. They are darker and
suggest softness and gentleness. more intense than the original color.
o Repeating Lines: Repeating lines create a sense of Rainbow or Prismatic Colors: These are the colors that
rhythm and pattern. They can also suggest appear in a rainbow or prism (ROYGBIV or
movement and flow. VIBGYOR).
o Contrasting Lines: Combining vertical and Neutral Colors: Neutral colors are white, gray, and
horizontal lines, diagonal lines in opposite black. They are often used to create balance and
directions, or other contrasting line types can harmony in a composition.
create visual interest and tension.
o Modified Lines: Combining straight and curved Texture
lines, or lines of varying shapes, creates more - Texture refers to the surface quality of an object,
complex and interesting lines that can convey a which can be felt or perceived visually.
wider range of emotions and ideas. - Texture can be smooth or rough, fine or coarse, glossy
or dull, regular or irregular.
Shape and Form
- Shape and form are closely related concepts, both Space
referring to the visual appearance of an object. - Space refers to the area occupied by an artwork. It
 Shape: A shape is a two-dimensional area that is can be both positive and negative.
enclosed by lines. It can be geometric (circles,  Positive Space: Positive space refers to the actual
squares, triangles) or organic (free-flowing, objects or shapes within an artwork.
irregular shapes inspired by nature).
 Negative Space: Negative space is the space
 Form: Form is a three-dimensional object. It has around and between those objects.
height, width, and depth. Forms can also be
geometric (cubes, spheres, pyramids) or organic
(trees, rocks, animals). Volume

- Volume refers to the amount of space occupied by
an object in three dimensions. It is a key element in
Color
creating a sense of depth and realism in artwork.
- Color is one of the most powerful elements in visual
art. It can evoke emotions, create moods, and draw
attention to specific areas of a composition. Perspective
Classification of Colors: - Perspective is the way in which objects appear to
o Primary Colors: Red, Yellow, and Blue are change size and shape as they recede into the
considered primary colors. They cannot be distance.
created by mixing other colors. Types of Perspective:
o Secondary Colors: Secondary colors are o Front View: The object is viewed from directly in
created by mixing two primary colors: front.
- Green (Blue + Yellow) o Side View: The object is viewed from the side.
- Orange (Red + Yellow)
o Top View: The object is viewed from above.
- Violet (Red + Blue)
Form
o Intermediate Colors: Intermediate colors are
created by mixing a primary color with a - Form refers to the overall composition of an artwork,
neighboring secondary color. Examples include: or the organization of the elements within it. It is how
the artist arranges the elements to create a cohesive
- Red-Violet
and meaningful whole.
- Red-Orange
- Yellow-Orange
- Yellow-Green
- Blue-Green
- Blue-Violet
 MEDIUMS OF VISUAL ARTS
MEDIUM 3D Mediums:
- A medium in visual art refers to the material or - Stone
substance an artist uses to create their artwork. - Marble
- Jade
Each medium has unique properties that influence
- Bronze
the final appearance and longevity of the artwork. - Copper
- Gold
2D Mediums: - Silver
 Watercolor: A transparent paint composed of - Clay
- Glass
pigments suspended in gum arabic and water. -

 Fresco: A technique involving the application of TECHNIQUES OF VISUAL ARTS

pigments to wet plaster, resulting in durable murals. - Techniques refer to the specific methods and
 Pastel and Chalk: Dry pigments bound with a gum processes used by artists to create their work.
binder and compressed into sticks, producing soft,
Printmaking
powdery lines.
 Print: A form of duplicating an image by transferring
 Oil: Pigments mixed with linseed oil, applied to a
ink from a prepared surface (plate) onto paper. Each
canvas, known for flexibility, gloss, and longevity.
print is considered an original work of art.
 Tempera: A durable and opaque paint created by
 Printing: A broader term referring to the reproduction
mixing pigments with egg yolk or egg white.
of images, often for mass production.
 Encaustic: An ancient technique employing heated
Major Printmaking Processes:
wax colors, used by the Egyptians for portraiture.
 Relief Printing: A process where the image is raised
 Acrylic: A modern medium consisting of pigments
from the surface of the plate, and the areas not
suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion, recognized
meant to print are cut away. Examples include
for its quick drying time, transparency, and versatility.
woodcut and linocut.
 Stained Glass: A technique involving the joining of
 Intaglio Printing: A process where the image is incised
small pieces of colored glass with lead to create
into the surface of the plate, and ink is held in the
intricate designs.
grooves. Examples include etching, engraving, and
 Tapestry: A woven fabric where colored threads are drypoint.
interlaced to form designs, often used for wall
 Planographic Printing: A process where the image is
hangings and furniture covers.
created on a flat surface using a chemical or
 Mosaic: A decorative art form where small pieces of mechanical treatment. Examples include lithography
colored stones, glass, or other materials are adhered and offset printing.
to a surface to create images.
 Stencil Printing: A process where a stencil is cut into a
 Crayons: Pigments bound with wax and compressed sheet of paper, cardboard, or metal, and ink is
into sticks, commonly used by students due to their applied through the cut-out areas. Examples include
ease of use and vibrant colors. silkscreen printing.
 Charcoal: A dry drawing medium derived from Photography: A process of capturing images using a
carbonized wood, producing rich black lines that camera to record light on a light-sensitive material.
can be easily blended. Photography is considered a visual art form in its own right.
 LITERATURE
Literature C.S Lewis
- Literature, derived from the Latin term "Litera" - Literature add to reality, it does not simply describe it.
meaning "letter," encompasses the written works that It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life
explore the depths of human ideas, thoughts, and requires and provides; and in this respect it irrigates
emotions. It transcends mere description, adding to the deserts that our lives have already become.
reality and enriching our lives with experiences
beyond the ordinary.
- It can be defined as "pieces ef writing that are valued
as works of art, especially novels plays, and poems.

QUALITIES OF LITERATURE
Artistry Spiritual Value
- quality of literature that appeals to the sense of - a good literature must bring out the morals/values
beauty and imagination. which make us a better person. Great literary works
often have underlying moral messages that can
Intellectual Value
potentially make us better people.
- the literary quality that stimulates thoughts; enriches
Permanence
our mental life by making us realize fundamental
- a great work of literature endures - it can be read
truths about life and human nature.
again and again as each reading gives delight and
Suggestiveness
new insights and opens new worlds of meaning and
- the quality associated with the emotional power of experience.
literature, such that it should move us deeply and stir Universality
our creative imagination, giving and evoking vision
- great literature is timeless and timely - forever
above and beyond the plane of ordinary life and
relevant in terms of its theme and conditions. A good
experiences.
literary work should appeal to everyone, regardless of
culture, race, gender, and age.

MAIN TYPES OF LITERATURE

FICTION
Fiction
- Fiction is the realm of imagination, where stories are crafted from the author's creativity, often exploring themes
and characters that are not bound by reality.
CLASSIFICATION OF FICTION
 Novel: A long and complex narrative with
developed characters and intricate plots.  Fantasy: Stories set in imaginary worlds with
Examples: magical elements, inviting readers to escape into
o Little Women by Louisa May Alcott realms of wonder.
o Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Examples:
o The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton o Cinderella
o La Belle et la Bete (Beauty and the Beast)
 Short Story: A concise narrative focusing on a o Little Red Riding Hood
single incident or theme, offering a concentrated
burst of storytelling.  Science Fiction: Stories exploring futuristic
Examples: technology, space travel, or alternative realities,
o The Necklace by Guy De Maupassant pushing the boundaries of imagination.
o The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Examples:
o Hills Like White Elephant by Ernest Hemingway o The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood
o Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
 Novella: A shorter form of novel, bridging the gap o 1984 by George Orwell
between short stories and full-length novels.
Examples:  Historical Fiction: Stories set in specific historical
o The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry periods, blending factual details with fictional
o Animal Farm by George Orwell narratives.
o A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Examples:
o Noli Me Tangere by Jose Rizal
 Fables: Simple tales with moral lessons, often
o Banaag at Sikat by Lope K. Santos
featuring animal characters.
o Ilustrado by Miguel Syjuco
Examples:
o The Tortoise and the Hare  Mystery & Thriller: Stories built on suspense, crime-
o Si Matsing at Si Pagong (The Monkey and the solving, or psychological tension, keeping readers
Turtle)
on the edge of their seats.
o Ang Daga at ang Leon (The Mouse and the
Lion) Examples:
o Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn
o And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie
o The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown.
 NON-FICTION
Non-Fiction:
- Non-fiction delves into the realm of facts, real events, and real people, aiming to inform, explain, or persuade

CLASSIFICATION OF NON-FICTION
 Biography: The life story of a real person, written by  Self-Help: Books offering advice on personal
someone else. improvement, guiding readers towards self-
Examples: discovery and growth.
o Tale of Love and Fallout by Lauren Redniss Examples:
o Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow o Atomic Habits by James Clear
o The First Filipino by Leon Ma. Guerrero o The Power of Positive Thinking by Norman Vincent
 Autobiography/Memoir: A person's life story Peale
written by themselves, offering a personal and o The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho
intimate perspective.  History: Works that delve into and analyze past
Examples: events, providing a deeper understanding of the
o Eat, Pray, Love by Elizabeth Gilbert past.
o Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela Examples:
o I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou o History of the Filipino People by Teodoro
Agoncillo
 Essay: A short, structured piece of writing on a
specific topic, presenting the author's thoughts o History of the Philippines: From Indios Bravos to
and arguments. Filipinos by Judy Robinson
Examples:  Travelogues: Accounts of journeys and
o Of Studies by Francis Bacon experiences in different places, offering a window
o Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell into diverse cultures and landscapes.
Examples:
o A Heritage of Smallness by Nick Joaquin
o The Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain
 Journalism: Factual accounts of current events or o The Great Railway Bazaar: By Train to Asia by
investigative reporting, providing insights into the Paul Theroux
world around us. o The Travels of Marco Polo by Marco Polo and
Examples: Rustichello da Pisa
o Newspapers, Blogs, Magazines

POETRY
Poetry:
- Poetry is a literary form that uses the aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning and emotions.
It often relies on figurative language, meter, rhyme, and structure to create a unique and powerful impact.
Examples:
o Hey Jude by The Beatles
o Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray
o Ode to the West Wind by Percy Bysshe Shelley.
CLASSIFICATION OF POETRY
 Epic Poetry: Long, narrative poems telling the story Examples:
of heroic deeds. They often explore themes of o "The light of a candle" by Yosa Buson
fate, courage, and the human condition. o "A World of Dew" by Kobayashi Issa
o "The Silent Pond" by Matsuo Basho
Examples:
o The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer  Free Verse: Poetry without a fixed form, rhyme, or
o Beowulf
meter. Free verse allows poets to express
o The Mahabharata
themselves freely, often using unconventional
 Lyric Poetry: Expresses personal emotions or language and structure.
thoughts, often in the first person. Lyric poems are Examples:
typically characterized by their musicality and o "This Is Just To Say" by William Carlos Williams
emotional intensity. o "A Noiseless Patient Spider" by Walt Whitman
Examples: o "Howl" by Allen Ginsberg
o "Hey Jude" by The Beatles  Ballad: A narrative poem often set to music, telling
o "Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen
a story in simple language. Ballads often feature
o "Kanlungan" by Noel Cabangan
themes of love, loss, and adventure.
 Sonnet: A 14-line poem with a specific rhyme Examples:
scheme. Sonnets are known for their structured o "Annabel Lee" by Edgar Allan Poe
form and often explore themes of love, beauty, o "During Wind and Rain" by Thomas Hardy
and mortality. o "The Solitary Reaper" by William Wordsworth.
Examples:
 Elegy: A mournful or reflective poem, often about
o Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare
death. Elegies often express grief, but they can
o "Holy Sonnet 10" by John Donne
o "My Mistress' Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun" by William also explore themes of memory, loss, and the
Shakespeare human condition.
 Haiku: A short, three-line Japanese poem with a Examples:
5-7-5 syllable structure. Haiku often focus on o "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas
Gray
nature and evoke a sense of tranquility or fleeting
o In Memoriam by Lord Alfred Tennyson
beauty. o "To an Athlete Dying Young" by A.E. Housman
 DRAMA
Drama
- Drama refers to a specific genre of writing and performance that typically involves a conflict or struggle between
characters, often with serious themes and emotions.
CLASSIFICAION OF DRAMA  Musical: A form of drama that combines songs,
 Tragedy: A serious play that often involves the dialogue, and dance. Musicals often explore
downfall of the protagonist. Tragedies typically themes of love, loss, and the human condition
explore themes of fate, free will, and the through song and dance.
consequences of human actions. Examples:
Examples: o Wicked by Stephen Schwartz
o Oedipus Rex by Sophocles o Hamilton by Lin-Manuel Miranda
o Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare o Chicago by John Kander
o Les Misérables by Victor Hugo  Opera: A dramatic work that is mostly or entirely
sung. Operas often feature elaborate costumes,
 Comedy: Light-hearted plays that often end in
sets, and music, and they explore a wide range
happiness and include humor. Comedies
of themes, from love and loss to political intrigue
typically explore themes of love, social satire,
and social commentary.
and the absurdity of human behavior.
Examples:
Examples:
o The Magic Flute by Wolfgang Amadeus
o As You Like It by William Shakespeare
Mozart
o Fat Pig by Neil LaBute
o La bohème by Giacomo Puccini
o Friends by David Crane and Marta Kauffman
o Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi
 Farce: A comedic play characterized by  Docudrama: Dramatizations based on real
exaggerated, improbable situations. Farces often events or people. Docudramas often use
rely on physical humor, mistaken identities, and fictionalized elements to tell true stories, and they
slapstick. can be used to explore historical events, social
Examples: issues, or the lives of famous individuals.
o The Taming of the Shrew by William Examples:
Shakespeare o Ken Burns' The Civil War (1990)
o She Stoops to Conquer by Oliver Goldsmith o Robert Hughes' The Shock of the New (1980)
o Out of Order by Ray Cooney o John Berger's Ways of Seeing (1972)
 Melodrama: Overly emotional plays with simple,
exaggerated characters. Melodramas often
feature dramatic plot twists, heightened
emotions, and clear-cut moral conflicts.
Examples:
o Still Life, Brief Encounter by Noel Coward
o A Star is Born by George Cukor
o The Fault in Our Stars by Josh Boone

MEDIA
Media  Print Media: Traditional printed forms of media
- Refers to forms of communication that reach or used to disseminate information or stories.
influence people widely, especially through Examples:
broadcasting and digital platforms. Media o Newspaper
combines elements of both fiction and non-fiction o Poster
but relies heavily on visual, auditory, and digital o Brochure
elements. o Magazine

 Broadcast Media: Media distributed over

Examples:
o Radio airwaves, including television and radio, often
combining audio, visuals, and real-time
o Television
broadcasts.
o Internet
Examples:
o Social Media
o Local, network, and national radio
o Mobile Phones o Broadcast Television
o Online Streaming
 CINEMA
Cinema Storytelling Techniques
- The art or technique of making motion pictures - Storytelling techniques encompass the narrative
- Cinema has been a powerful medium that has shaped strategies and structures used to convey plot,
our culture, influenced societies, and captured the character development, and thematic resonance.
imagination of audiences worldwide. - Filmmakers employ techniques such as plot twists,
character arcs, and thematic motifs to engage
Cinema as an Art audiences and communicate deeper layers of
meaning.
Cinema uses a combination of dialogue, editing, lighting,
sound, and scene layout to craft stories that explore the Example: Up uses a touching montage to tell a love
depths of human experience. These elements help story without words, evoking strong emotions.
directors and cinematographers present stories in a Film Genres
visually and emotionally impactful way. Cinema covers a wide range of genres:
 Horror: Designed to scare and shock.
Foundations of Cinema  Comedy: Aims to make audiences laugh.
- Cinema tells stories through moving images. Cinema,  Science Fiction: Explores speculative ideas about
also known as film or movies, is the art of moving technology and alternative realities.
images. It combines visual, auditory, and narrative
 Drama: Focuses on emotional conflict and human
elements to tell stories, convey emotions, and
experiences.
communicate ideas. It uses key components like
 Fantasy: Transports audiences to imaginative
cinematography (the art of capturing images),
worlds.
editing (arranging shots for narrative flow), and sound
design (enhancing audio for immersion) to  Action: Features high-energy sequences involving
communicate ideas and emotions. fights, chases, and stunts.
Cinematography Evolution of Cinema
- Cinematography, often hailed as the visual Cinema has evolved from silent black-and-white films to
language of cinema, encompasses the art and vibrant, digitally enhanced productions. Over time, new
technique of capturing moving images on film or techniques and technologies have shaped how stories
digital media. are told, making cinema more dynamic and immersive.
- Through the skillful use of camera angles, framing, Impact of Cinema
lighting, and composition, cinematographers create  Economic Impact: Cinema is a major industry that
visual narratives that convey mood, emotion, and generates global revenue and creates
meaning. employment opportunities.
 Lighting: Affects the mood and style of a film by  Social Influence: Films can inspire, educate, and
manipulating light quality, direction, and color. address important societal issues, driving
 Composition: The arrangement of elements within awareness and change.
the frame to guide the viewer’s attention.  Cultural Influence: Cinema reflects and shapes
 Framing: Creates balance, unity, and drama by societal values, often influencing public attitudes
deciding what is included in or excluded from the and beliefs.
shot.

Editing
- Editing is the process of selecting and arranging shots
in a sequence to build a cohesive and compelling
narrative. Through cutting and pacing, editors
manipulate time and space to enhance the
storytelling experience.
Example: Inception uses editing to transition
seamlessly between dream worlds.
Sound Design
- Involves the creation and manipulation of audio
elements to enhance the auditory experience of a
film.
- Sound designers use techniques such as Foley
effects, sound effects,-and atmospheric sounds to
create a sense of immersion and atmosphere.
 Dialogue: Advances the plot and introduces
characters.
 Music: Sets the emotional tone.
 Sound: Effects build the environment and
atmosphere.
Example: Jurassic Park blends dinosaur roars and
atmospheric sounds to create tension.