Calculations with Chemical Equations

"
Consider the following reaction:
2 NH3
+ 3 H.
I
1.5
that are neededto be mixed
mole 0.5 proportion reactants moles)
is the of (in like a
The balanced chemical equation
tells
i propste ofreactants. A balances chemical equation is
together in order to make the product with
recipe.

Therefore, fill in the following

..... NH3
0.5 N +

either as a mass, volume of a gas, or a

However, the quantities in most chemical equations arequantities
given in
produced or quantities needed
for a reaction
Therefore in order to calculate the
volume of solution.
are shown in the following flow chart.

mass
mass

mole ratio
moles of moles 24dm'/ volume'
volume of gas
product
of gas reactant

x conc. conc.

volume volume
of solution of solution

112 =28
Example 1:
328
Hydrogen and nitrogen react as follows:
4
-
-
11 I

N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NHs (g)

12 S 597
4
15s
Moles: Y
↑28
xg Bbg
=

excess
Quantity:
1129
a) How many grams of NHs are produced when 112 g of N are reacted with excess H?
mass
mass
Ne mi mole
Nt3 My

112
I
4 2 8 17 136
28
 -

b) What volume of H2 (g) at RTP are required to produce 5.0 g of NH3 (g)?
T
N2 (g) +
H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

Moles: 0.147 0.441 5:17 0.794.

=

0.441x24
Quantity:
<g xy
=

5
10.584
=

voleme
me
mole
Mt3 mo 12

I
S 17
0.794 0.441 21 10.584

c) What volume
of N2 (g) at
of NH3 (g) are produced when 75 dm3 of H2 (g) are reacted with an excess
RTP?
75:24 = 3.125
2 mole
N2 (g) +
3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

Moles: 1,042 3.125 2.0842x74

3
Quantity:
75dm x cm 50
excess
=

quantill ma ne volume
NH3

00
14
75 3.15 Es 2.084 24 50
Example 2:

Zinc and hydrochloric acid react as follows: I

M
Zn (s) + ⑧
2 HCI (aq) ZnCh2 (aq) + H2 (g)

50 O 250742
Moles:
↑x Mollam 0.5
Quantity: excess 500cm xg:500 1000 =

a) How many grams of H2 (g) are produced when 500cm' of 1.0 mol/dm' of HCI is reacted

with excess Zn metal?

b) What volume of 2.0 mol/dm' HCI is needed to react with excess Zn to produce 36 dm3 of
H2 (g) at RTP?

36:24 1.5mole
=

+ 2 HC1 (aq) H2 (g)

3 1.5
Moles: I = [mol/dm3 I =24
3

Quantity:
com 1.5 =
36dm3

000000
 Calculations with Chemical Equations

1. In the reaction:

Zn (s) + 2 HCI (aq) — ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

a) How many moles of hydrochloric acid will be required to produce 0.40 moles of hydrogen
gas by reacting with zinc

Zn (s) + 2 HCI (aq) — ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

moles 1 0.4

UuI.

8.4 x2 0.8 moles

=

b) How many grams of hydrogen will be produced if 200cm of 0.5 mol/dm of HCl is reacted
vith excess zinc
e
ples
Zn (s) + 2 HCI (aq) -— ZnCl (aq) + H2 (g)
100
;Yx0.3 50? 0.19
x2
quant. excess 200cm
xg
=

100

c) What mass of zinc is needed to produce 28dm of hydrogen gas at RTP? 28:74 5 =

Zn (s) + 2 HCI (aq) — ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

moles 1.17
quant.
mole! 65x
1.
28dm
mole

xg 76.05
:

What volumegas?of 0.8mol/dm of HCl is needed to react with excess zinc to produce 1.8 g of
d) hydrogen
En
moles Zn (s) + 2 HCI
1,8
(aq) — ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
set0.8 0.9
1.894:
quant. excess
2
=2.75
2. In the reaction:

4 NH3 (g) + 5 0: (g) — 6 H0 |) + 4 NO Ig)

a) What mass of NO is produced when 2.0 moles of NH3 react?
14 16
+
30
=

4 NH3 + 5 02 — 6 H20 + 4 NO
moles 2
2x30
x960g
quant.
-
~

b) What volume of NHs is required to react with 3.00 dm of oxygen at RTP

(g)
4 NH3 + 5 O2 — 6 H20 + 4 NO 3:24 0.175
=

noles
0.17474 0.125
quant. Rem
3
3am
=2.4 dm

) What mass of water is produced along with 2.83 dm of NO at RTP?

2 16 18
=

4 NH3 + 5 O2 — 6 H20 + 4 NO 2.83= 24 0.118

=

moles
0.177 0.118
18
x

quant. 2.83dm
g
=
3.186
↓
=3.199
d) What mass of Oz is needed to produce 42 g of H20 when reacted with excess NH?
16 x2 322 16 18
=
+ =

4 NH3 + 5 O2 -— 6 H20 + 4 NO

194(x37234
moles

quant. [XceSS
xg v
62.889
=

e) What volume of NO (at RTP) is produced when 48dm of NHs is used with excess oxygen?

4 NH3 + 5 O2 — 6 H20 + 4 NO
moles 2 48:74:7
sem?*24
2
4:T
quant.
48dm excess
↓
=48dm
 Excess Quantities

When one or more of the reactants in a chemical reaction are present in EXCESS amounts, we must
first identify which of the reactants are in excess.

Example:

1. What mass of HCl (g) is produced when 4.5g of H2 (g) and 140g of Cl2 (g) are reacted
according to the equation:

H2(g) + Cl2(g) ¾® 2 HCl(g)

Calculate the mass of HCl(g) expected if all the H2(g) were to react. molemore methe
Hi C1, -> 2HC) All
Heused 4.5: 2x2x36.5
=
+

1649
=

mole
Is

quantity 4.5g 140g <g

Calculate the mass of HCl(g) expected if all the Cl2(g) were to react.

mole mole mass

Che HCl H2)
All C12 used 140=70 x2x36.5
=

=146g
Limiting reagent – HCl

hydrogen
Excess reagent –
 2. What is the mass of S produced when 15.6g of KMnO4, 7.95g of H2S, and 15.3g of H2SO4
are reacted according to the following equation?

0 2 KMnO4 + 5 H2S + 3 H2SO4 ¾® K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 8 H2O + 5 S 0

mass of S produced if all the KMnO4 used

2kMnOp 5H2S 3H2SO4 S

- + +

73x52
mole 0.109 0. I
%=34
quantity 159
↑=
7,959 15.34*98 xig
074
=

mass of S produced if all the H2S used

7.959:34 0.23443757.9 =

mass of S produced if all the H2SO4 used

15.3=98 3x5 =0.26x32 =

=8.32
 STOICHIOMETRY QUESTIONS INVOLVING ONE REACTANT IN EXCESS AMOUNTS
1. Assume that 2.40 moles of oxygen are reacted with 2.46 moles of magnesium to produce magnesium oxide.
Determine which reactant is in excess amounts and by what amount and calculate the number of moles of product
formed.

2MgO
all0, -2.4x2x40
1929
I
=

0
2Mg
->
+

(7g 2.46x40
2
all -> I 196.8
=

2.4 2.46
ig
moles

quantity cigh*40 My excess

2. Assume that 13.1 g of potassium are reacted with 18.0 g of oxygen to produce potassium oxide. Determine which
reactant is in excess and by what amount, in moles, and calculate the mass of products formed.

4+02 -

2420
mass

quantity 13.1 18
ag
potassium: 39y 0336:4x2x94
13.(y
= =

15.7925 =

oxygen 18y = 32 =
0.563 x2 1.126 x94
=

105.89
=
=
 3. What mass of carbon dioxide is produced in the reaction that will occur when 16.0 g of EACH reactant are mixed
and then reacted according to the following equation ? (Make sure equation is balanced first.)

log
CH4 + O2 ¾® CO2 + H2O

granite in ag
methane:
16 = 16 x44 =

44g of CO2
oxygen=
16:32g 0.5mol=2mo1 0.25molx 44=102
=

4. In a reaction, 1.5 g of Mg reacts with 550 cm3 of 1.5 mol/dm3 of hydrochloric acid to form magnesium chloride and
hydrogen gas. Which amount is in excess and calculate the volume of hydrogen gas formed at rtp.

2HCl
Mg +
->
MgCl2 H2 +

mole

quantity
lig 5502m 62dm

Mg 1.5=24g 0.0625x) 0.0625x2 0.125 (excess)

=
=

12 = =
24 0.0229= 2mo1
0.55 =

0.0115x7 0.0
g
=
=

H2 formed 0.0115
=

x 74=0.776 di