LECTURE 1 – JAVA INTRO

E. Cho Smith
CIT 255
[email protected]

Core Java (10th Edition) © Cay S. Horstmann (CIT 25501)

 GOALS JAVA MOTIVATIONS
BASIC IDEAS
JAVA FIRST PROGRAM

2
JAVA MOTIVATIONS
➢ Simple
➢Object Oriented
➢Distributed
➢Robust
➢Secure
➢Architecture-Neutral
➢Portable
➢Interpreted (originally)
➢High Performance
➢Multithreaded
➢Dynamic

3 3
BASIC IDEAS
➢ Flashback to 1995.
➢Browsers were new and served static web pages.
➢Java applets made them alive.
➢Applet code is downloaded from the internet.
➢Runs safely in the “sandbox”.

4 4
BASIC IDEAS
➢ Unfortunately,
the initial excitement turned into frustration.
➢ Netscape and Internet Explorer used different Java versions.
➢ Flash provided dynamic effects in browsers.
➢ Sun and Oracle were slow to react to security breaches.

➢Nowadays, Java is used in servers and smart phones.

5 5
FIRST PROGRAM

public class MyFirstProgram

{
// most simple compileable class in Java

6 6
FIRST PROGRAM

public class MyFirstProgram

{
public static void main(String [ ] args)
{
//most simple executable class
//static
}

7 7
FIRST PROGRAM

public class MyFirstProgram

{
public static void main(String [ ] args)
{
System.out.println(“hello world ”);
// most simple class that produces some output
}

8 8
FIRST PROGRAM

public class MyFirstProgram

{
public static void main(String [ ] args)
{
System.out.println(“hello world ”);
// most simple class that produces some output
}

}
➢ To compile: javac MyFirstProgram.java
➢ Will produce: MyFirstProgram.class

9 9
FIRST PROGRAM
public class MyFirstProgram
{
public static void main(String [ ] args)
{
System.out.println(“hello world ”);
// most simple class that produces some output
}

}
➢ To compile: javac MyFirstProgram.java
➢ Will produce: MyFirstProgram.class
➢ To execute: java MyFirstProgram
➢ Will produce: > hello world

10 10
FIRST PROGRAM
public class MyFirstProgram
{
public static void main(String [ ] args)
{
System.out.println(“hello world ” + args[0]);
// most simple class that produces some output
}

}
➢ To compile: javac MyFirstProgram.java
➢ Will produce: MyFirstProgram.class
➢ To execute: java MyFirstProgram BoilerMakers CNIT255
➢ Will produce: > hello world BoilerMakers

11 11
EXERCISE
Please go ahead and do the Lecture 1
Exercise.

12 12
 LECTURE 2 – VARIABLES/DATA

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 LECTURE 3 – STRINGS

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CIT 255
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[email protected]

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Eunsun Cho Smith

CIT 255
[email protected]

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 LECTURE 5 – ARRAYS

!"#$%$&'()"
Eunsun Cho Smith
!"#$%&&
CIT 255
'()*+,-.*-/0/*-
[email protected]

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 LECTURE 6 – CLASSES PART 1

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Eunsun Cho Smith
!"#$%&&
CIT 255
'()*+,-.*-/0/*-
[email protected]

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 LECTURE 7 – CLASSES PART 2

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Eunsun Cho Smith
!"#$%&&
CIT 255
'()*+,-.*-/0/*-
[email protected]

!"#$%&'('%)*+,-%./0,0"12%3%!'4%56%7"#8,9'11 )!:;%<==+*2
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 LECTURE 8 – CLASSES PART 3

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Eunsun Cho Smith
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[email protected]

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 LECTURE 9 – MULTI-CLASS SYSTEMS

!"#$%$&'()"
Eunsun Cho Smith
!"#$%&&
CIT 255
'()*+,-.*-/0/*-
[email protected]

!"#$%&'('%)*+,-%./0,0"12%3%!'4%56%7"#8,9'11 )!:;%<==+*2
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CLASS DESIGN
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 LECTURE 10 – INHERITANCE

E. Cho Smith
CNIT 255
[email protected]

Core Java (10th Edition) © Cay S. Horstmann (CIT 25501)

 CLASSES, SUPERCLASSES, SUBCLASSES
DEFINING SUBCLASSES
GOALS OVERRIDING METHODS
SUBCLASS CONSTRUCTION
POLYMORPHISM

2
 CLASSES, SUPERCLASSES, SUBCLASSES
➢Can build classes from existing classes.
➢New class inherits features from existing class.
➢Example: Managers are in many aspects like employees.
➢But in other aspects they are different.
➢ Managers get a bonus if they actually achieve what they are supposed to do
➢Every manager is an employee, but not every employee is a manager.
➢The class of managers is a subclass of the class of employees.
➢The Employee class is a superclass.

3 3
 DEFINING SUBCLASSES
➢Use the extends keyword:
➢ public class Manager extends Employee
{
added methods and fields
}
➢Add fields and methods:
➢ public class Manager extends Employee
{
private double bonus;
. . .
public void setBonus(double bonus)
{
this.bonus = bonus;
}
}
➢Manager inherits methods from superclass: getName, getHireday,
getSalary, raiseSalary.
➢Superclass fields name, salary, hireDay, are present in all Manager
objects.
4 4
 OVERRIDING METHODS
➢When an inherited method is not appropriate, need to override it in the subclass.
➢First attempt:
➢ public class Manager extends Employee
{
. . .
public double getSalary()
{
return salary + bonus; // won’t work
}
}
➢Subclass methods cannot access private superclass fields.
➢Second attempt:
➢ public double getSalary()
{
return getSalary() + bonus; // still won’t work
}
➢Use super to avoid recursive call:
➢ public double getSalary()
{
return super.getSalary() + bonus;
}
5 5
 SUBCLASS CONSTRUCTION
➢Subclass constructor can invoke superclass constructor:
➢ public Manager(String name, double salary, int year,
int month, int day)
{
super(name, salary, year, month, day);
bonus = 0;
}
➢Call using super must be the first statement.
➢If not explicit call to superclass constructor, no-arg constructor of
superclass is invoked.
➢If the superclass does not have a no-arg constructor, the compiler
reports an error.

6 6
 POLYMORPHISM
➢Consider a mix of employees and managers:
➢ staff[0] = boss;
staff[1] = new Employee(“Harry Hacker, 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
staff[2] = new Employee(“Tony Tester”, 40000, 1990, 3, 15);
➢Print out everyone’s salaries:
➢ for (Employee e : staff)
System.out.println(e.getName() + “ ” + e.getSalary());
➢Which getName method gets called?
➢ There is only one: Employee.getName
➢Which getSalary method gets called?
➢ Employee.getSalary or Manager.getSalary?
➢ It depends on the actual type of e!
➢Polymorphism: A variable can refer to multiple types.
➢Dynamic binding: The appropriate method is selected.
➢Makes programs extensible: Other types can be added later.
7 7
 MORE ABOUT OVERRIDING
➢Caution: Argument types of overriding method must match exactly:
➢ class Employee
{
public void setBoss(Employee boss) { . . . }
. . .
}

class Manager
{
public void setBoss(Manager boss) { . . . } // Does not override; this
// is an entirely new
// method.
. . .
}
➢Use @Override annotation to make the compiler check:
➢ @Override public void setBoss(Employee boss)

8 8
 MIDTERM EXAM 1
➢October 21 from 1:30 to 2:20 pm at MATH 175
➢ Slides [1] to [12]
➢ All in-class activities and my Feedback on Brightspace
➢ 20 True/False Questions
➢ 30 Multiple choice questions (3, 4, 5 choices)
➢ Understand concepts and problems we went over instead of
memorizing them.
➢ All DRC accommodations will be managed through the DRC.
I will soon post the details of the procedure, so please
keep an eye on the Announcements section on Brightspace.
➢ There will be no review on October 16th (I have already
covered the important concepts extensively in my
feedback posted on Brightspace).
➢ You can start preparing for the midterm exam as early as
October 2, since slide 12 will be covered that day.

9 9
 LECTURE 11 – INHERITANCE PART 2

!"#$%$&'()"
Eunsun Cho Smith
!"#$%&&
CIT 255
'()*+,-.*-/0/*-
[email protected]

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CASTING
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PROTECTED ACCESS

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