Processing Metals Grade 9

PROCESSING
PRESERVING METALS
PRESERVING METALS
Metals are subjected to very harsh conditions, and they go through wear
and tear.
The most destructive factor on metal is corrosion.
CORROSION : is the eating or wearing away of metal after it has been
exposed to oxygen and water, a chemical reaction take place and eats
away the metal.
The process is called rusting.
Corrosion and rusting degrades the useful properties of metals.
METALS
Metals can be divided two ferrous metals and nonferrous metals.
FERROUS AND
NONFERROUS METALS
METHODS OF PRESERVING
METALS
GALVANIZING
PAINTING
ELECTROPLATING
GALVANIZING
Galvanizing is a process of coating steel or iron with zinc to protect it from
corrosion (rust).
PROCESS OF GALVANIZING
HOMEWORK
What is the eating away of metal after water exposure called?
What are metals that contain iron called?
What are metals which do not contain iron called?
Arrange the following stages in galvanizing of metals in order(step 1 to 7 )
Molten zinc bath, rinsing, flux solution, caustic cleaning, pickling, rinsing,
cooling.
PAINTING
Painting metals creates a barrier between the metal and the corrosive agents.
Steps followed in painting:
Cleaning surfaces
Applying first coat which is the primer important for forming a strong bond between
metal and under coat.
Applying under coat to the primer to provide a base that the topcoat will stick to
help waterproof the metal.
Applying topcoat that will provide resistance to ultraviolet light and weathering and
give a desired finish to metal.
PRESERVING METALS/HOMEWORKSTATE
WHETHER THE FOLLOWING
STATEMENTS ARE TRUE OR FALSE
ELECTROPLATING
Is the use of electricity to coat metal with other metal.
Is used to make metals corrosion resistant.
It also give a good ,smooth and attractive finish to metals.
HOW IT WORKS
Electric current is passed through a liquid called an electrolyte through two
electrodes that will be connected to power.
When electricity flows through the circuit the electrolyte splits up and
some of the metal atoms are deposited on one of the electrodes, coating it
in a thin layer.
The electrode with the thin layer is said to be electroplated.
ELECTROPLATING BRASS
WITH COPPER
PROCESS OF
ELECTROPLATING
COAT BRASSING COPPER
Will need:
Copper electrode
Brass electrode
Copper sulphate electrolyte
STEPS FOLLOWED IN
ELECTROPLATING
Deep electrode into electrolyte that are connected to circuit
Copper electrode is connected to positive (anode) and the brass electrode
is connected to the negative (cathode)
When power is switched on the electrolyte splits onto atoms.
Positively charged atoms are attracted to the negatively charged brass
electrode and slowly stick to it, creating a layer of copper on the brass.
REVISIONSTATE WHETHER THE
FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE TRUE
OR FALSE
REVISION
ELECTROPLATING
Study the above diagram and answer the following questions
Give two reasons for electroplating(2)
Explain the process of electroplating inn the diagram above(5)
List five materials you need to carry out the electroplating process(5)
State other two methods that can be used to preserve metals(2)
Write the word equation for rust formation(4)
PRESERVING FOOD
Food preservation is a process of using different techniques to prevent
food from spoiling.
METHODS OF PRESERVING FOOD
Storing grain
Pickling
Drying and salting
METHODS OF PRESERVING
FOOD
Storing: Grain is harvested and stored safely for use after a long time.
It is kept away from moisture and moulds.
Grain is kept in silos or granary.
Pickling
Is a method of preserving food by soaking the food in brine which is a
mixture of water and salt. Vinegar, oil and spices can be added to brine.
Pickled food is usually stored in glass jars which are tightly sealed.
PRESERVING FOOD
Drying and salting in this method water is removed from the food in order
to slow down the rate at which food decays or rots.
Drying prevents bacteria, yeast and moulds from surviving in the food.
Water is removed by air drying, sun drying ,smoking and wind drying.
HOMEWORK
PLASTICS
Plastics are materials composed of carbon atoms which are connected to
other atoms like oxygen, nitrogen ,hydrogen, sulfur and chlorine.
Plastic is a synthetic material that can be moulded into different objects.
Plastics can be divided into : -thermoplastic
-thermosetting plastic or thermoset
Thermoplastic-molecules become soft when exposed to heat
-harden when cooled at room temperature
-can be reshaped or moulded
Can be used to make food packaging, milk jugs, toys and electrical
insulation.
PLASTICS
Thermosetting plastics-hardens or sets permanently when exposed to
heat.
It can be softened once it sets.

Thermosetting plastics are strong and durable.
Plastics are made from non renewables materials and do not decompose
easily.
TYPES OF PLASTICS
PLASTIC IDENTIFYING
CODES
PLASTICS USED IN MODERN
CARS
Plastics are used in modern cars to make them lighter.
The lighter the car the more fuel efficient it becomes.
Makes them more environmentally friendly.
Advantages of plastics on modern cars :
-plastics can be moulded in different shapes
-plastic is cheaper than metal
-provide adequate protection in low-speed collisions.
-component damaged can be easily replaced.
-all plastics are recycled.
WHERE PLASTIC COMPONENTS
ARE FOUND IN A MODERN CAR
-airbag
-seatbelt fittings
-door components
-dashboard panel
Bumpers
-headlight housing
-front grill
Engine covers
-fuel tank
REDUCE, RECYCLE, REUSE

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PROCESSING

It can be softened once it sets.

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