ABSTRACT

X-rays are used to examine many parts of our body. Sometimes a human doctor might
miss slightest part of disfunctionality. An automated vision-based system which is trained
with huge amount of data which can recognize the slightest amount of disfunctionality in
any part of the body which can be visible through X-ray Plates. So, the main objectives are
as follows: 1. Identify or classify the disease through the X-ray plates. 2. Make a clear
report of the whole Result. 3. Also suggest nearby doctors and hospital for the mentioned
disease using your current location.
 Introduction

In today's healthcare system, X-rays play a crucial role in diagnosing a wide range of
diseases, from fractures to lung conditions. However, even experienced radiologists may
occasionally miss subtle abnormalities, leading to delayed or incorrect diagnoses. This is
especially true in understaffed hospitals or rural areas where access to specialized
medical professionals is limited. As a result, patients often face unnecessary delays in
treatment, exacerbating their health conditions.

The "Disease Recognition using X-ray Plates" project aims to address these challenges by
leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to automate the analysis of X-ray
images. By training advanced machine learning models on vast datasets, the system can
detect even the smallest signs of disease, enhancing diagnostic accuracy. This automated
system will not only generate detailed diagnostic reports but will also provide patients with
suggestions for nearby doctors and hospitals based on their location.

By introducing AI into the X-ray analysis process, this project aims to reduce human error,
improve early detection rates, and ensure timely medical intervention. It has the potential
to transform healthcare, particularly in remote and resource-limited areas, by making
advanced diagnostic capabilities more accessible and reducing the burden on medical
professionals.
 USERS

1. Patients: Upload X-ray images to receive automated diagnostic reports and nearby
healthcare recommendations.

2. Doctors: Review AI-generated diagnostic reports and verify findings for patient
treatment.

3. Radiologists: Use AI to assist in detecting subtle abnormalities in X-ray images.

4. Hospital Administrators: Oversee system integration and ensure secure, efficient

operations in the hospital.

5. Healthcare Workers in Rural Areas: Provide accurate diagnostics in regions with limited
access to specialists.

6. Researchers: Use the system's data to improve AI models and study disease patterns.

7. Technical Support Teams: Maintain and update the AI system for reliable performance
and security.
 PREPARATION OF CANVASES
AEIOU framework

Description of AEIOU framework:

Activities

• Project Planning and Requirement Analysis: Identifying the scope and technical
requirements of the system, defining project goals and timelines.
• Data Collection and Annotation: Gathering and labeling X-ray images for training
the machine learning model.
• User Training and Onboarding: Training healthcare professionals, patients, and
administrators on how to use the system.
• System Design and Development: Building the AI-powered platform, including UI,
backend, machine learning models, and integration with X-ray scanners.
• Compliance and Auditing: Ensuring that the system adheres to medical standards
and data privacy regulations (e.g., HIPAA).
• Deployment: Rolling out the system for use in hospitals, clinics, and other
healthcare settings.

Environments

• Hospitals and Medical Centers: The system will be used to support radiologists
and doctors in diagnosing diseases via X-ray images.
• Home Healthcare: Patients can upload X-ray images from home, especially in
telemedicine settings, to get automated diagnoses and nearby care suggestions.
• Insurance Companies and Medical Auditors: The system can help validate claims
by providing an accurate and automated medical diagnosis based on X-ray images.
• Medical Research Institutions: Researchers can use the system for studies on
disease patterns and improving diagnostic tools.
 • Diagnostic Imaging Centers: Centers that specialize in imaging can use the
system for faster, more reliable disease detection and diagnosis.

Interactions

• Website to User: Patients and doctors use the website or mobile app to upload X-
rays and receive reports.
• X-ray Scanner to Database: X-rays are digitized and sent to the cloud database for
analysis by the AI model.
• Doctor to System: Doctors can review, verify, and provide additional input on the
AI-generated diagnostic results.
• Security Layer to Users: The system ensures that only authorized users can access
sensitive patient data, ensuring compliance and security.
• System to Patient: The system provides patients with a detailed diagnostic report
and suggestions for healthcare providers.
• System to Database: The system stores analyzed X-ray data and diagnostic results
in the database for future reference and auditing.

Objects

• X-ray Plates: The core input data used for diagnosing diseases.
• Machine Learning Models: AI algorithms that analyze X-ray images to detect
abnormalities.
• Diagnostic Reports: Generated by the system, containing the results of the X-ray
analysis for both patients and doctors.
• X-ray Scanners: Devices that convert physical X-ray plates into digital images for AI
processing.
• Geolocation API: Used to suggest nearby doctors and hospitals based on the
patient’s location.
• Security Protocols: Encryption and data privacy mechanisms that protect patient
information.

Users

• Doctors: Use the system to diagnose patients and verify AI-generated reports.
• Radiologists: Rely on the system to assist in identifying subtle abnormalities on X-
ray images.
• Healthcare Providers: General practitioners or other medical staff who can use the
system to streamline diagnostics.
• Researchers: Use the system’s data and analysis to study disease trends and
improve diagnostic algorithms.
• Medical Experts: Provide specialized input on improving the AI model’s accuracy
and healthcare protocols.
Mind maps

A mind map is a type of visual diagram that is used to organize information, thoughts, and
concepts around a main notion. It is organized using a branching arrangement, with the
main idea in the center and related themes or subtopics branching out from it.

• Description of Mind Maps

A mind map often organizes and connects ideas using connections, images, keywords,
and colors. It is a tool that facilitates note-taking, organizing, problem-solving, and the
distillation of complex information into a more comprehensible and structured manner.

Mind maps are a dynamic and adaptable tool for capturing and exploring ideas. They can
be made on paper or with specialist software. They are frequently used to visually map out
concepts and ideas in business, education, project management, and artistic efforts.
EMPATHY CANVAS
A tool or framework for comprehending and empathizing with a particular target audience
or user group is the empathy canvas. It is set up to assist individuals or groups in
developing a more thorough comprehension of the requirements, preferences, driving
forces, and problems faced by the target audience for the goods or services they are
creating.

Usually, the canvas is made up of several blocks or portions that lead users through
various facets of audience empathy. These sections may consist of:

• Persona: Providing a description of the traits and population of interest.

• Needs and Goals: Determining the users' needs, wants, and goals.

• Pain Points and Frustrations: Being aware of the difficulties, issues, or annoyances that
the audience is experiencing.

• Gains and Pleasures: Examining what makes users happy, satisfied, or results in
favorable outcomes.

• Direct quotations or observations obtained from real users via interviews or observations
are included here.

• Key Insights: A concise summary of the most significant conclusions or revelations from
sympathetic research.
IDEATION CANVAS
An organized tool for idea generating and brainstorming is an ideation canvas. It is
intended to assist individuals or groups in structuring their ideas, considering options, and
coming up with creative solutions to a given issue or challenge.

Usually, the canvas is divided into parts or blocks that lead participants through various
brainstorming processes.

People

• Doctor: Reviews and verifies AI-generated reports, provides final diagnoses, and
offers treatment plans.
• Patient: Uploads X-rays for automated diagnosis and receives diagnostic reports
along with nearby healthcare recommendations.
• Researcher: Uses the system’s data to study disease patterns and improve
diagnostic accuracy.
• Quality Assurance (QA) Engineer: Tests the system for accuracy, performance,
and compliance with medical standards and ensures the software functions as
expected.
• Developer: Builds and maintains the platform, focusing on the AI models, user
interface, and integration with medical devices.
 • Medical Expert: Provides specialized knowledge for training AI models and refining
diagnostic algorithms.

Activities

• Project Planning and Requirement Analysis: Defining goals, technical

requirements, and timelines for the project.
• Data Collection and Annotation: Collecting and labeling X-ray images to train the
AI model accurately.
• User Training and Onboarding: Educating doctors, patients, and healthcare staff
on using the system effectively.
• System Design and Development: Creating the AI-powered platform, including
backend, frontend, and machine learning modules.
• Compliance and Auditing: Ensuring the system meets healthcare regulations,
including data privacy laws and medical standards.
• Deployment: Implementing the system in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare
settings, making it accessible to users.

Situation / Context / Location

• Automated Diagnosis for Efficient Patient Care

o Context: Doctors use the system to diagnose diseases quickly and
accurately.
o Location: Hospitals and clinics.
• Supporting Radiologists in Interpreting X-ray Images
o Context: Radiologists use the system to assist with identifying abnormalities
in X-ray images.
o Location: Diagnostic Imaging Centers.
• Empowering Patients to Receive Preliminary Analysis at Home
o Context: Patients upload their X-ray images from home for an automated
preliminary diagnosis.
o Location: Home (for telemedicine and remote healthcare).

Props

• Data Annotation: Tool used for labeling diseases in X-ray images to train the AI
model effectively.
 • Diagnostic Report Generation: The system automatically generates detailed
diagnostic reports based on X-ray analysis.
• X-ray Plate Scanning: Devices and software for converting traditional X-ray plates
into digital images for processing by the system.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

The purpose of the "Disease Recognition using X-ray Plates" project is to automate the
detection of diseases from X-ray images, ensuring faster and more accurate diagnoses. It
aims to reduce human error, provide early detection, and improve healthcare accessibility,
especially in remote areas. The project also supports timely treatment by suggesting
nearby doctors and hospitals based on patient location.

Product Features

1. X-ray Image Preprocessing

• Prepares X-ray images by enhancing quality and removing noise to improve
diagnostic accuracy.
2. AI-Powered Disease Detection
• Uses machine learning to automatically detect diseases from X-ray images,
offering fast and reliable diagnostics.
3. Patient History Tracking
• Stores patient X-ray history for easy comparison, helping doctors monitor
disease progression and treatment outcomes.
 Conclusion

The "Disease Recognition using X-ray Plates" project offers a cutting-edge solution to
improve the accuracy and speed of diagnosing diseases through X-rays. By leveraging AI,
the system reduces human error, ensures early detection, and provides accessible
healthcare options for patients, especially in underserved regions. With features like
automated disease detection, patient history tracking, and geolocation-based healthcare
suggestions, this project can significantly enhance medical care, leading to better patient
outcomes and more efficient healthcare delivery.