MODULE 15 “GAS TURBINE ENGINE “

Re-generated: 28 NOV 22
SUB MODULE 15.1 FUNDAMENTALS
1) If work done raises an object to a certain height, energy will be stored in that object in the
form of the gravitational force. This energy, waiting to be released is called potential energy
2) The Brayton Cycle is constant pressure cycle
3) A pressure reading measured with reference to a complete vacuum is called Absolute
pressure
4) A thrust about 75 to 80% is produced by the fan while the remainder is produced by the
core section
5) The turbines of pure jet engines are heavy because they are dealing with the whole mass
flow of air through the engine

SUB MODULE 15.2 – ENGINE PERFORMANCE

6) On multi-spool engines usually, the rotational speed of the low- pressure spool is used as
the thrust setting parameter
7) Thrust horsepower (THP) = Net thrust × Aircraft Velocity / 375
8) Only the power of jet engines of the gas turbine engine family is measured using thrust
horsepower
9) Turbo-shaft engines are rated in shaft horsepower and calculated by use of a
dynamometer device
10) At low RPM, SFC is high because the compressor/turbine assembly efficiency is poor
11) Density is directly related to Pressure and inversely related with pressure
12) Over speed limits are usually quoted as percentage values above 100% shaft rpm.
13)

SUB MODULE 15.3 – INLET

14) Normally, the air intake duct is considered to be an airframe part
15) In variable geometry intake the ramp would be retracted in the subsonic mode
SUB MODULE 15.4- COMPRESSORS
16) In Centrifugal Compressor For 2-stage compressor, Max PR=10:1 to 15:1
17) In Centrifugal Compressor 50% of the total pressure rise occurs in the impeller and 50%
in diffuser
18) The space that exists between the impeller tips and the diffuser is called the vane less
space.
19) Cascade effect can be rectified by shrouding the vane
20) Material used for the construction of a centrifugal compressor Casing is aluminium
alloy.
21) Centrifugal Compressor is Shorter in length Light in weight Simple in construction than
Axial compressor
22) Which is not the purpose of Shrouds Active Clearance Control
23) Which is not the method of blade attachment Riveting

SUB MODULE 15.5 – COMBUSTION SECTION

24) The Air not used for combustion is 60% of the total airflow
25) In Can Type Combustion chamber each tube operates at same pressure
26) Can Type Combustion chamber have longest length in all types of burners
27) Disadvantage of Can-Annular Combustion Chamber is Large Cooling air flow is required
28) Which type of Combustion Chambers are used in APU Reverse Flow Annular

SUB MODULE 15.6 – TURBINE SECTION

29) Thermal Stresses in the turbine disc increases as the square of the speed
30) There are three types of turbines; impulse, reaction and impulse-reaction.
31) In the impulse type the total pressure drop across each stage occurs in the fixed nozzle
guide vanes
32) In the reaction type the fixed nozzle guide vanes are designed to alter the gas flow
direction without changing pressure
33) The final growth rate prior to final fracture is tertiary creep
SUB MODULE 15.7 – EXHAUST
34) The upstream total pressure is increased above the value at which the propelling nozzle
becomes ’choked’, the static pressure of the gases at exit increases above atmospheric
pressure.
35) helicopter use divergent ducts
36) On by-pass engines the hot and cold exhaust streams are mixed within the confines of
the engine to reduce noise
37) Thrust Reverser Cold Stream Discharge angle 45 DEGREE

SUB MODULE 15.8 – BEARING AND SEALS

38) When Labyrinth seal is used for bearing chamber sealing, it prevents oil leakage by
allowing the air to flow from the outside to the inside of the chamber
39) Hydraulic seals are formed by a seal fin immersed in an annulus of oil, which has been
created by centrifugal forces

SUBMODULE 15.9 LUBRICANTS AND FUEL

40) The smaller the change in the viscosity for a given temperature change, the higher the
viscosity index
41) JP-3 fuel - A blend of kerosene and gasoline (30% and 70% respectively). Similar to
gasoline, low freezing point, improved starting & high vapor pressure tendency for vapor
locking, high fuel loses at altitude, poor lubricating qualities
42) To prevent buildup of static charges airframe and engines are bonded
SUBMODULE 15.10 LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

43) Most wet sump engines do not incorporate a pressure relief valve and are known as
variable pressure systems
44) Dry sump systems can be further categorized as Hot tank or, Cold tank systems
45) The total loss oil system is generally used only on engines that run for periods of short
duration, such as vertical lift and booster engines
46) The difference between the pressure pump and the scavenge pump is that the scavenge
pumps have larger capacity than the pressure pump
47)

SUBMODULE 15.11 FUEL SYSTEMS

48) Fuel is used as servo pressure to operate certain engine system actuators and valves (ex.
VIGV / VSV / VBV actuators, AOHE valve etc.
49) LP valve is normally controlled by the engine Fire handle (push button) it’s also
controlled by the engine Master switch.
50) Normally the LP filters have a differential pressure switch/indicator for monitoring
and/or indication of filter clog condition
51) The flow of a fluid through an orifice (jet) depends on the area of the orifice and the
square root of the pressure drop across it
52) which is not the parameter used to vary the fuel flow through the orifice temperature
control fuel system
53) In Fuel Flow Transmitter When the fuel flows, the signal blade on the turbine is
deflected along its path of rotation
54) Main Engine Control MEC did not control exhaust Cooling system
55) The amount of power the FADEC system needs is 2 x 300W
SUBMODULE 15.12 -AIR SYSTEMS
56) Supply of cooling air to turbine blades is more difficult
57) In Impingement cooling air is made to impinge directly on the turbine blades
58) Zone 2 and 3 is normally cooled and ventilated by fan air

SUBMODULE 15.13 STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEMS

59) Main disadvantage of this type of system is that it requires a high volume of flow at a
relatively high-pressure: Impingement air starter
60) The extended duty cycle (up to 15 min. for cranking) is a major advantage of this type of
a starting system: Gas Turbine Starter
61) Over Running Clutch transmit the torque to the engine. As RPM of the engine increases
close to idle and exceeds the starter RPM the pawls slip out of the tapered slots of the
engine drive gear and through outward aided by the spring force

SUBMODULE 15.14 ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEMS

62) In Thermocouple Circuit A 25°C differential produces about one (1) mV
63) If the flight deck temperature increased the compensating coil in the instrument
corrects this by advancing the needle reading thus cancelling out the error
64) Thermocouple leads are made from Nickel-chrome and Nickel-Aluminum alloys

SUBMODULE 15.15 – Power Augmentation System

65) The injection of coolant into the combustion chamber inlet is usually more suitable for
axial flow compressor engines
66) The Purpose of Vapor Gutter is to stabilize the flame

SUBMODULE 15.16 – TURBO PROP ENGINES

67) Propeller speed is reduced by using gear train method
68) Negative torque or ADLS systems are inhibited from use at low engine speeds
SUBMODULE 15.17 – TURBOSHAFT ENGINES
69) The power required to drive the rotor is determined by the pitch angle of the main rotor
blades, this angle is being controlled by the pilot using the collective pitch lever

SUBMODULE 15.18 – AUXILIARY POWER UNITS (APU)

70) On Most Aircrafts typical location of APU is Tail Cone
71) The APU provides power for systems operation, generally when the main engines are
not running
72) Fuel is normally supplied to the APU from one of the airplane's main dedicated tanks

SUBMODULE 15.19 – POWER PLANT INSTALLATION

73) The forward engine mount is the one which is used to transfer thrust loads generated
by the engine
74) when the bundle must make a bend, be sure to use a bend radius about ten times the
diameter of the bundle

SUBMODULE 15.20 – FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

75) Cowlings that are not affected by a cooling airflow and sections of cowlings around
certain outlets that may act a 'flame-holders' are manufactured from steel or titanium
76) Fire Extinguishing Containers without pressure gages are checked by weighing to
determine that the quantity of agent in the container is adequate
77) During removal and installation of Fire Bottle, the terminals of the discharge cartridge
should be grounded or shorted to prevent accidental firing
SUBMODULE 15.21 – ENGINE MONITORING AND GROUND
OPERATION
78) If engine still fails to light up within 30 seconds, abort the start
79) When an engine or an engine system has to be ground tested while the engine is
running, only those parts of the test necessary to satisfy the purpose of the run should be
carried out
80) Compressor surge is identified by sudden increase in EGT or rumbling or banging sound
from the engine
81) A strong head wind will appreciably increase the engine rundown time
82) oil pressure lower than normal is a sign of a worn-out engine.
83) After the field cleaning procedure most engine manufacturers require that the engine
be re-trimmed
84) Some areas of blades the fillet area at the base, are allowed no damage at all because
of the very high stress concentration in that area during operation

SUBMODULE 15.22 – ENGINE STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

85) Most corrosion preventive compounds are petroleum-based products that form a
waxlike film over the metal surfaces to prevent air from reaching the metal's surface