APPENDIX 8(T)

SURFACE MARKING
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION, UPGRADING AND EXPANSION OF PENANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:

AIRSIDE FACILITIES – PAVEMENT WORKS AND OTHER ASSOCIATED WORKS – WORKS PACKAGE 2 (WP02)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
- RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKING -

A. DESCRIPTION

This item shall consist of the preparation and painting of numbers, markings, and stripes on the
surface of runways, taxiways, and aprons, in accordance with these specifications and at the
locations shown on the plans, or as directed by the Resident Project Representative (MASB/SO).
The terms "paint" and "marking material" as well as "painting" and "application of markings" are
interchangeable throughout this specification.

B. MATERIALS

1. Materials Acceptance.
The Contractor shall furnish manufacturer's certified test reports, for materials shipped to the
project. The certified test reports shall include a statement that the materials meet the
specification requirements. This certification along with a copy of the paint manufacturer's
surface preparation; marking materials, including adhesion, flow promoting and/or floatation
additive; and application requirements must be submitted and approved by the SO/SOR prior to
the initial application of markings. The reports can be used for material acceptance or the
SO/SOR may perform verification testing. The reports shall not be inteMASB/SOeted as a basis
for payment. The Contractor shall notify the MASB/SO upon arrival of a shipment of materials to
the site. All material shall arrive in sealed containers that are easily quantifiable for inspection by
the SO/SOR.

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Work Package 2 (WP02)
Volume 2 of 3 – Technical (Book 2 of 2)
Section A5 (T) – Appendix 8(T)
Surface Marking
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION, UPGRADING AND EXPANSION OF PENANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:

AIRSIDE FACILITIES – PAVEMENT WORKS AND OTHER ASSOCIATED WORKS – WORKS PACKAGE 2 (WP02)

C. MARKING MATERIALS.

Table 1. Marking Materials

Paint1 Glass Beads2
Type Color Fed Std. 595 Application Rate Type Application Rate
Number Maximum* Minimum
Waterborne, Black 37038 115 ft2/gal max None N/A
Type II
Waterborne, Yellow 33538 or 33655 230 ft2/gal (5.6 m2/l) None N/A
Type II,
Methacrylate
Temporary Yellow 33538 or 33655 45 ft2/gal max (1.1 III
20 lb/gal min (2.4 kg/l)
m2/l)
* Application rates shown in Table 1 are to be applied for both 1st and 2nd coats.

a. Paint. Paint shall be waterborne and methacrylate in accordance with the requirements of
this paragraph. Paint colors shall comply with Federal Standard No. 595 or approved industry
equivalent.

1. Waterborne.
Paint shall meet the requirements of Federal Specification TT-P-1952F, Type II or approved
industry equivalent.. The non-volatile portion of the vehicle for all paint types shall be composed
of a 100% acrylic polymer as determined by infrared spectral analysis.

2. Methacrylate.
Paint shall be a two component, minimum 99% solids-type system conforming to the following:
(1) Pigments. Component A. Percent by weight.
(a) White:
• Titanium Dioxide, ASTM D476, type II or approved industry
equivalent.shall be 10% minimum.
• Methacrylate resin shall be 18% minimum.
(b) Yellow and Colors:
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Work Package 2 (WP02)
Volume 2 of 3 – Technical (Book 2 of 2)
Section A5 (T) – Appendix 8(T)
Surface Marking
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION, UPGRADING AND EXPANSION OF PENANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:

AIRSIDE FACILITIES – PAVEMENT WORKS AND OTHER ASSOCIATED WORKS – WORKS PACKAGE 2 (WP02)
• Titanium Dioxide, ASTM D476, type II or approved industry
equivalent.shall be 1% minimum.
Organic yellow, other colors, and tinting as required to meet color
standard.
• Methacrylate resin shall be 18% minimum.

(2) Prohibited materials.

The manufacturer shall certify that the product does not contain mercury, lead, hexavalent
chromium, halogenated solvents, nor any carcinogen as defined in 29 CFR 1910.1200 in
amounts exceeding permissible limits as specified in relevant federal regulations.

(3) Daylight directional reflectance:

(a) White: The daylight directional reflectance of the white paint shall not be less
than 80% (relative to magnesium oxide), when tested in accordance with ASTM
E2302 or approved industry equivalent..
(b) Yellow: The daylight directional reflectance of the yellow paint shall not be less
than 55% (relative to magnesium oxide), when tested in accordance with ASTM
E2302 or approved industry equivalent.. The x and y values shall be consistent
with the federal Hegman yellow color standard chart for traffic yellow standard
33538, or shall be consistent with the tolerance listed below:

x .462 x .470 x .479 x .501

y .438 y .455 y .428 y .452

(4) Accelerated weathering.

(a) Sample preparation. Apply the paint at a wet film thickness of 0.013-inch (0.33
mm) to four 3 x 6- inch (8 x 15 cm) aluminum panels prepared as described in
ASTM E2302 or approved industry equivalent.. Air dry the sample 48 hours under
standard conditions.
(b) Testing conditions. Test in accordance with ASTM G154 using both Ultra Violet
(UV-B) Light and condensate exposure, 72 hours total, alternating four (4) hour

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Work Package 2 (WP02)
Volume 2 of 3 – Technical (Book 2 of 2)
Section A5 (T) – Appendix 8(T)
Surface Marking
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION, UPGRADING AND EXPANSION OF PENANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:

AIRSIDE FACILITIES – PAVEMENT WORKS AND OTHER ASSOCIATED WORKS – WORKS PACKAGE 2 (WP02)
UV exposure at 140°F (60°C), and four (4) hours condensate exposure at 104°F
(40°C).
(c) Evaluation. Remove the samples and condition for 24 hours under standard
conditions. Determine the directional reflectance and color match using the
procedures in paragraph 3 above. Evaluate for conformance with the color
requirements.

(5) Volatile organic content. Determine the volatile organic content in accordance with
40 CFR Part 60 Appendix A, Method 24.
(6) Dry opacity. Use ASTM E2302 or approved industry equivalent.. The wet film
thickness shall be 0.015 inch (0.38 mm). The minimum opacity for white and colors
shall be 0.92.
(7) Abrasion resistance. Subject the panels prepared in paragraph 620-2.2c(4) to the
abrasion test in accordance with ASTM D968, Method A or approved industry
equivalent., except that the inside diameter of the metal guide tube shall be from
0.747 to 0.750 inch (18.97 to 19.05 mm). Five liters (17.5 lb (7.94 kg)) of unused
sand shall be used for each test panel. The test shall be run on two test panels Both
baked and weathered paint films shall require not less than 150 liters (525 lbs (239
kg) of sand for the removal of the paint films.
(8) Hardness, shore. Hardness shall be at least 60 when tested in accordance with ASTM
D2240.
b. Reflective media. Glass beads for white and yellow waterborne paint shall meet
the requirements for Federal Specification TT-B-1325D Type III or approved
industry equivalent.
Glass beads shall be treated with all compatible coupling agents recommended by
the manufacturers of the paint and reflective media to ensure adhesion and
embedment.
Glass beads shall not be used in temporary, black, and green paint.
Type III glass beads shall not be used in red and pink paint.

A5(T)/APP7(T)/SM/4
Work Package 2 (WP02)
Volume 2 of 3 – Technical (Book 2 of 2)
Section A5 (T) – Appendix 8(T)
Surface Marking
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION, UPGRADING AND EXPANSION OF PENANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:

AIRSIDE FACILITIES – PAVEMENT WORKS AND OTHER ASSOCIATED WORKS – WORKS PACKAGE 2 (WP02)

D. CONSTRUCTION METHODS

1. Weather Limitations.
Painting shall only be performed when the surface is dry, and the ambient temperature and the
pavement surface temperature meet the manufacturer's recommendations in accordance with
paragraph 620-2.1. Painting operations shall be discontinued when the ambient or surface
temperatures does not meet the manufacturer's recommendations. Markings shall not be applied
when the wind speed exceeds 10 mph unless windscreens are used to shroud the material guns.
Markings shall not be applied when weather conditions are forecasts to not be within the
manufacturers' recommendations for application and dry time.

2. Equipment.
Equipment shall include the apparatus necessary to properly clean the existing surface, a
mechanical marking machine, a bead dispensing machine, and such auxiliary hand-painting
equipment as may be necessary to satisfactorily complete the job.
The mechanical marker shall be an atomizing spray-type or airless type marking machine with
automatic glass bead dispensers suitable for application of traffic paint. It shall produce an even
and uniform film thickness and appearance of both paint and glass beads at the required coverage
and shall apply markings of uniform crosssections and clear-cut edges without running or
spattering and without over spray. The marking equipment for both paint and beads shall be
calibrated daily.

3. Preparation Of Surfaces.
Immediately before application of the paint, the surface shall be dry and free from dirt, grease,
oil, laitance, or other contaminates that would reduce the bond between the paint and the
pavement. Use of any chemicals or impact abrasives during surface preparation shall be approved
in advance by the MASB/SO. After the cleaning operations, sweeping, blowing, or rinsing with
pressurized water shall be performed to ensure the surface is clean and free of grit or other debris
left from the cleaning process.

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Work Package 2 (WP02)
Volume 2 of 3 – Technical (Book 2 of 2)
Section A5 (T) – Appendix 8(T)
Surface Marking
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION, UPGRADING AND EXPANSION OF PENANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:

AIRSIDE FACILITIES – PAVEMENT WORKS AND OTHER ASSOCIATED WORKS – WORKS PACKAGE 2 (WP02)
a. Preparation of new pavement surfaces. The area to be painted shall be cleaned by broom,
blower, water blasting, or by other methods approved by the MASB/SO to remove all
contaminants, including PCC curing compounds, minimizing damage to the pavement
surface.
b. Preparation of pavement to remove existing markings. Existing pavement markings shall
be removed by water blasting or by other methods approved by the MASB/SO minimizing
damage to the pavement surface. The removal area may need to be larger than the area of
the markings to eliminate ghost markings. After removal of markings on asphalt
pavements, apply a fog seal or seal coat to 'block out' the removal area to eliminate 'ghost'
markings.
c. Preparation of pavement markings prior to remarking. Prior to remarking existing
markings, loose existing markings must be removed minimizing damage to the pavement
surface, with a method approved by the MASB/SO. After removal, the surface shall be
cleaned of all residue or debris.

Prior to the application of markings, the Contractor shall certify in writing that the surface is dry
and free from dirt, grease, oil, laitance, or other foreign material that would prevent the bond of
the paint to the pavement or existing markings. This certification along with a copy of the paint
manufactures application requirements and surface preparation requirements must be submitted
to the MASB/SO prior to the initial application of markings.

4. Layout Of Markings.
The proposed markings shall be laid out in advance of the paint application.

A5(T)/APP7(T)/SM/6
Work Package 2 (WP02)
Volume 2 of 3 – Technical (Book 2 of 2)
Section A5 (T) – Appendix 8(T)
Surface Marking
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION, UPGRADING AND EXPANSION OF PENANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:

AIRSIDE FACILITIES – PAVEMENT WORKS AND OTHER ASSOCIATED WORKS – WORKS PACKAGE 2 (WP02)

5. Application.
Paint shall be applied at the locations and to the dimensions and spacing shown on the plans.
Paint shall not be applied until the layout and condition of the surface has been approved by the
MASB/SO. The elapsed time between placement of surface course or seal coat and applications
of the paint shall be as follows:

Waiting Period for Paint and Reflective Media

Paint Type Application Minimum Waiting Period After Surface

Waterborne Temporary Treatment

4 hours, unless otherwise approved by

Waterborne Black MASB/SO

28 days
Methacrylate Permanent 28 days

The edges of the markings shall not vary from a straight line more than 1/2 inch (12 mm) in 50
feet (15 m), and marking dimensions and spacing shall be within the following tolerances:

Marking Dimensions and Spacing Tolerance

Dimension and Spacing Tolerance
36 inch (910 mm) or less ±1/2 inch (12 mm)
greater than 36 inch to 6 feet (910 mm to 1.85 ±1 inch (25 mm)
greater than 6 feet tom)
60 feet (1.85 m to 18.3 ±2 inch (50 mm)
greater than 60
m)feet (18.3 m) ±3 inch (76 mm)

The paint shall be mixed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and applied to the
pavement with a marking machine at the rate shown in Table 1. The addition of thinner will not
be permitted.

Glass beads shall be distributed upon the yellow marking areas shown on the plans immediately
after application of the paint. A dispenser shall be furnished that is properly designed for
attachment to the marking machine and suitable for dispensing glass beads. Glass beads shall be
A5(T)/APP7(T)/SM/7
Work Package 2 (WP02)
Volume 2 of 3 – Technical (Book 2 of 2)
Section A5 (T) – Appendix 8(T)
Surface Marking
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION, UPGRADING AND EXPANSION OF PENANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:

AIRSIDE FACILITIES – PAVEMENT WORKS AND OTHER ASSOCIATED WORKS – WORKS PACKAGE 2 (WP02)
applied at the rate shown in Table 1. Glass beads shall not be applied to temporary paint, black
paint or green paint. Glass beads shall adhere to the cured paint or all marking operations shall
cease until corrections are made. Different bead types shall not be mixed. Regular monitoring of
glass bead embedment and distribution should be performed.

6. Control Strip.
Prior to the full application of airfield markings, the Contractor shall prepare a control strip in the
presence of the MASB/SO. The Contractor shall demonstrate the surface preparation method and
all striping equipment to be used on the project. The marking equipment must achieve the
prescribed application rate of paint and population of glass beads (per Table 1) that are properly
embedded and evenly distributed across the full width of the marking. Prior to acceptance of the
control strip, markings must be evaluated during darkness to ensure a uniform appearance.

7. Retro-Reflectance.
Reflectance shall be measured by the Contractor with a portable retro-reflectometer meeting
ASTM E1710 (or approved equivalent). A total of 6 reading shall be taken over a 6 square foot
area with 3 readings taken from each direction. The average shall be equal to or above the
minimum levels of all readings which are within 30% of each other.

Minimum Retro-Reflectance Values

Material Retro-reflectance mcd/m2/lux
White Yellow Red
Initial Type III 600 300 35
All materials, remark when less than1 100 75 10
1
Prior to remarking determine if removal of contaminants on markings will restore
retro-reflectance.

A5(T)/APP7(T)/SM/8
Work Package 2 (WP02)
Volume 2 of 3 – Technical (Book 2 of 2)
Section A5 (T) – Appendix 8(T)
Surface Marking
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION, UPGRADING AND EXPANSION OF PENANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:

AIRSIDE FACILITIES – PAVEMENT WORKS AND OTHER ASSOCIATED WORKS – WORKS PACKAGE 2 (WP02)

8. Protection And Cleanup.

After application of the markings, all markings shall be protected from damage until dry. All
surfaces shall be protected from excess moisture and/or rain and from disfiguration by spatter,
splashes, spillage, or drippings. The Contractor shall remove from the work area all debris, waste,
loose reflective media, and by-products generated by the surface preparation and application
operations to the satisfaction of the MASB/SO. The Contractor shall dispose of these wastes in
strict compliance with all applicable state, local, and federal environmental statutes and
regulations.

A5(T)/APP7(T)/SM/9
Work Package 2 (WP02)
Volume 2 of 3 – Technical (Book 2 of 2)
Section A5 (T) – Appendix 8(T)
Surface Marking