Regions / Grooves / Spaces of upper limb

Witten by: Arvin Shahbazi D.M.D, Ph.D.

Supervised by: Dr. Altdorfer Károly & Dr. Somogyi György
[email protected]
⑭
Spaces/canals/ Borders and descriptions Contents
fossas
Triangular space The space borders: This space contains
in the
A
circumflex scapular artery
picture
(Medial axillary Superior: Teres minor muscle
and vein (found at the
hiatus) Inferior: Teres major muscle dorsum of scapula). These
other name of it was past Paper Lateral: Long head of triceps vessels supply: teres minor
muscle m., teres major m., long
head of triceps brachii m.

Quadrangular space The space borders: This space contains Axillary

nerve (innervates the teres
(Lateral axillary Superior: Teres minor muscle
minor & deltoid muscles)
hiatus) Inferior: Teres major muscle posterior circumflex
Medial: Long head of triceps humeral artery (supply:
muscle deltoid m., teres minor m.,
teres major m. and long head
Lateral: Surgical neck of humerus
of the triceps brachii m.)

The interval borders: The contents are:

Superior: Teres major Deep brachial artery
Triangular interval Lateral: Lateral head of the triceps Radial nerve
or the humerus
Medial: Long head of the triceps

It is a pyramidal shaped fossa This fossa contains:

which is bordered by: Axillary artery
Anterior: Pectoralis major muscle Axillary vein
(lower margin of this muscle makes Brachial plexus
ant.axillary fold) & pectoralis Axillary lymph nodes
minor Adipose tissue

sprint
Axillary fossa
Posterior: Latissimus dorsi, Teres aspira

major muscles (Latissimus dorsi

muscle makes post.axillary fold)
Medial: Serratus anterior muscle
Lateral: Biceps muscle &
Coracobrachialis muscle
Base: Skin/facia of the axilla
 A triangular region; borders: Deltopectoral triangle
Lateral: Deltoid muscle contains:
Deltopectoral Medial: Pectoralis major muscle cephalic vein (via this
groove Superior: Clavicle region it joins to axillary
(Deltopectoral triangle) vein) and Deltoid branch Pectoralis major
of Thoracoacrominal
artery Pectoralis minor

It is a depression on the anterior This fossa contains:

surface of the elbow; borders: Tendon of biceps muscle

Superior: Imaginary Horizontal line Brachial artery (which

from Epicondyles of humerus bifurcates in this region
and gives Radial and
of temur Medial: Pronator teres muscle Ulnar arteries )
ant surfer
O :

Lateral: Brachioradialis muscle Median nerve

robelising
in : unar

Cubital fossa
(Elbow pit)
-
Floor: Brachialis muscle

Clinical importance:
C
Lateral cutaneus nerve
of forearm

*Due to presence of superficial S

veins
(Median antecubital vein) this area musche
otuos n

can be used for Phlebotomy.

*During blood pressure

measurements, the stethoscope is
placed over the brachial artery in
the cubital fossa to measure the misumes
brachial pulse.

This groove is located between 2

↑
This region contains:
structures:
The Biceps muscle & the Triceps
Cr
Medial antebrachial
cutaneus nerve (the most
superficial structure ),
2
muscle - and the intermuscular Basilic vein (located under
median medial antebrachial 3
septum (medial side).
.

neuve

basilic
braias
cutaneus nerve), Ulnar 4
& nerve (partly), and Median
medial ante& Medial bicipital nerve run lateral to basilic
brachial cotaners nerve groove vein and crosses the
Brachial artery from
lateral to medial. In this
* basilic groove brachial artery is the
vein deepest structure.

I
 An osteofibrous canal canal which This tunnel contains 10
is made by the fibrous connective tendons from flexors of
tissue + the carpal bones —> on forearm & 1 nerve :
both sides the bones are forming
carpal eminences: Flexor digitorum
superficialis m. (4
- Ulnar carpal eminence (pisiform + tendons)
hook of hamate) +
- Radial carpal eminence (tubercle Flexor digitorum
of scaphoid + trapesium). profondus m. (4
tendons) are located in
one tendon sheat.
Borders:

*
Carpal canal Superior: Flexor retinaculum Median nerve. (in the
(Carpal tunnel) Inferior: carpal bones + eminences. forearm this nerve can be
found between the flexor
CLINICALY: compression in this digitorum superficial &
region results CARPAL TUNNEL profondus).
SYNDROME.
Flexor pollicis longus m.
(1 tendon) located in one
tendon sheath. =

Flexor carpi radialis m.

(1 tendon) located in one
tendon sheath.
Note: 10 tendons lie in 3
tendon sheath
compartments.
An osteofibrous canal which is This tunnel contains:
made by depression between: Ulnar artery
Ulnar nerve
vnr
iPisiform
n & hook of hamate
inferiorly and covered by Note: Both structures
Guyon’s canal pisohamate ligament & C volar carpal bifurcate inside the canal
(Guyons tunnel) ligament superiorly. Also Guyon’s to superficial & deep
canal roof is made by Flexor palmar branches)
flexch retinaculum.
The superficial branch of
CLINICALLY: is significant the ulnar artery mainly
because it is site of compression. forms the superficial
palmar arch.

e aunti mic : Va
-
A
1st dise
~SD
inten m
radius pien
U
.

>
-
snoph b x
:

ingane
gay Lime

Lun
.

Sup trak : Re .
oh

pame
wrck mak
che
 The snuff box is bordered: Contents of radial
foveola:
Ulnar: Extensor pollicis longus
Radial artery which
Radial: Pair of parallel tendons of passes from this region
Extensor pollicis brevis and and on its course makes
Abductor pollicis longus crossing with tendons of
Extensor pollicis longus,
Floor : Scaphoid & Trapezoid bones Extensor pollicis brevis
Anatomical snuff
and abductor pollicis
box longus, but radial artery
during crossing lies
(Radial foveola) Note: Anatomical snuff box can be BELOW of all of these
or seen during thumb Extension and tendons so finally after
(Tabatiere) abduction. passing from radial
foveola enters to dorsal
region of the hand and
penetrates the first dorsal
interosseus muscle and
later makes deep palmar
arch with the deep
branch of ulnar artery.

Cephalic vein is the

other content.

Superficial branch of
radial nerve can also be
found in this region.