Acknowledgement Certificate Index Objective:: Specific Phobia

● Acknowledgement
● Certificate
● Index
● Objective:
The objective of this project “.......” is to spread awareness about the
emotion of fear and phobia and how to overcome it thus making our
lives better and easier. It also talks about the psychological
dimension of phobia and how it affects our lives.
● Introduction
What is fear?
Fear is an intense emotional response to perceived danger or threat,
triggering a fight-or-flight reaction. It can be a rational response to real
threats or an irrational response to imagined ones. Fear often manifests
physically through symptoms like increased heart rate and anxiety, and it
plays a crucial role in survival by alerting us to potential harm
What is Phobia?
A phobia is a persistent, excessive, unrealistic fear of an object, person, animal,
activity, or situation. It is a type of anxiety disorder. A person with a phobia either
tries to avoid the thing that triggers the fear, or endures it with great anxiety and
distress.
Some phobias are very specific and limited. For example, a person may fear only
spiders (arachnophobia) or cats (ailurophobia). In this case, the person lives
relatively free of anxiety by avoiding the thing he or she fears. Some phobias cause
trouble in a wider variety of places or situations.
● Types of phobias:
1. Specific phobia (simple phobia).
With this most common form of phobia, people may fear

specific animals (such as dogs, cats, spiders, snakes), people
(such as clowns, dentists, doctors), environments (such as dark
places, thunderstorms, high places), or situations (such as
flying in a plane, riding on a train, being in a confined space).
These conditions are at least partly genetic (inherited) and
seem to run in families.
2. Social anxiety disorder (formerly called "social phobia")
People with social anxiety disorder fear social situations

where they may be humiliated, embarrassed, or judged by
others. They become particularly anxious when unfamiliar
people are involved. Social phobia seems to run in families.
People who have been shy or solitary as children, or who have
a history of unhappy or negative social experiences in
childhood, seem more likely to develop this disorder.
3. Agoraphobia.
Agoraphobia is a fear of being in public places where it would

be difficult or embarrassing to make a sudden exit. A person
with agoraphobia may avoid going to a movie or a concert, or
traveling on a bus or a train. Many people with agoraphobia
also have panic symptoms or panic disorder.
● Causes
Causes may include:
a. Bad experiences. Many phobias start because of a bad experience or

panic attack related to a specific object or situation. Sometimes even
seeing or hearing about a bad experience can be enough to trigger a
phobia.
b. Genetics or learned behaviour. There may be a link between your specific
phobia and the phobia or anxiety of your parents. This could be due to a
blend of genetics and learned behaviours.
c. Brain function and structure. Those with specific phobias trigger certain
parts of the brain, while a person without these phobias does not have the
same response in the brain. Also, a person with a specific phobia can
have a different brain structure than a person without that specific phobia.
● Symptoms of phobia
The symptoms of phobia are:
1. Excessive, unreasonable, persistent feelings of fear or anxiety that are

triggered by a particular object, activity, or situation.
2. Feelings that are either irrational or out of proportion to any actual threat.
For example, while anyone may fear an unrestrained, menacing dog, most
people do not run away from a calm, quiet animal on a leash.
3. Avoidance of the object, activity, or situation that triggers the phobia.
Because people who have phobias recognize that their fears are
exaggerated, they are often ashamed or embarrassed about their symptoms.
To prevent anxiety symptoms or embarrassment, they avoid the triggers for
the phobia.
4. Anxiety-related physical symptoms. These can include tremors,
palpitations, sweating, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, or other
symptoms that reflect the body's "fight or flight" response to danger.

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● Acknowledgement

With this most common form of phobia, people may fear

2. Social anxiety disorder (formerly called "social phobia")

People with social anxiety disorder fear social situations

Agoraphobia is a fear of being in public places where it would

Causes may include:

a. Bad experiences. Many phobias start because of a bad experience or

1. Excessive, unreasonable, persistent feelings of fear or anxiety that are

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