Evaluasi Satu Dekade Pemeritahan Jokowi

A New Hope or Hopeless of
Democratic Reconsolidation?
EVALUASI SATU DEKADE KINERJA PEMERINTAHAN JOKO WIDODO (2014-2024)

INDEF, JAKARTA, 3 OCTOBER 2024
Economic Reforms and Investment Climate: Hilirisasi?
u Jokowi made substantial strides in simplifying regulations, reducing bureaucratic red

tape, and promoting investment. The Omnibus Law on Job Creation, for example,
aimed to boost economic growth by streamlining numerous regulations and making it
easier to do business. The goal was to attract foreign investment and boost Indonesia's
economic competitiveness (Warburton, 2020).
u Development While these reforms were intended to simplify regulations, they faced
criticism for potentially undermining workers’ rights and environmental protections.
Many civil society groups, labor unions, and environmental activists argued that the
Omnibus Law disproportionately favored large corporations and investors, often at the
expense of marginalized communities (Amnesty International, 2020).
Political Stability & Economic-Based Development
u Jokowi has also been praised for bringing a level of political stability that allowed for
consistent governance and effective implementation of his programs. His administration
sought to maintain political stability by working closely with political elites and co-opting
political rivals into his coalition government.
u This approach, however, has led to increased concerns about the re-emergence of
oligarchic power and the weakening of checks and balances. By accommodating and
relying on oligarchs and former political rivals, Jokowi has reduced political competition,
which has, in turn, hindered the development of a healthy opposition and allowed
political dynasties to thrive (Winters, 2011).
Weakening of Democratic Institutions & Civil Liberties
u One of the most notable criticisms of Jokowi's administration is the weakening of

democratic institutions. During his tenure, the once-powerful Corruption Eradication
Commission (KPK) experienced a significant decline in autonomy and effectiveness
due to legislative reforms. Changes in KPK laws, including transforming its status into a
government agency and adding supervisory layers, have undermined its capacity to
fight corruption, which has led to widespread public disappointment (Butt, 2020).
u Jokowi's administration has also been criticized for eroding civil liberties, with increasing
restrictions on freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of assembly. The
Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) was often used to silence
government critics and target journalists, activists, and ordinary citizens who voiced
dissent online (Amnesty International, 2021).
Democratic Regression
u Illiberal Democracy: A regime that retains the appearance of democracy

(e.g., elections) but lacks many substantive features of a true democracy,
such as civil liberties, independent judiciary, or freedom of the press.
Illiberal democracies often experience a gradual erosion of individual
rights and democratic norms.
u Electoral Authoritarianism: A form of governance in which elections are
held, but they are neither free nor fair, and the ruling party manipulates
the political landscape to maintain power. This type of regime combines
elements of both democracy and authoritarianism, using elections as a
tool to legitimize its rule without allowing genuine competition.
The Faces of Democratic Regression?
u Illiberal Democracy: A regime that retains the appearance of democracy (e.g.,

elections) but lacks many substantive features of a true democracy, such as civil
liberties, independent judiciary, or freedom of the press. Illiberal democracies often
experience a gradual erosion of individual rights and democratic norms.
u Electoral Authoritarianism & manipulation of election: A form of governance in which
elections are held, but they are neither free nor fair, and the ruling party manipulates
the political landscape to maintain power. This type of regime combines elements of
both democracy and authoritarianism, using elections as a tool to legitimize its rule
without allowing genuine competition.
u Law enforcement politization: The use of laws to suppress opposition and consolidate
power while maintaining a facade of legality. In cases of democratic regression,
governments may misuse laws—such as anti-terrorism laws or cyber laws—to target
political opponents, journalists, and activists while giving the impression that they are
acting within the bounds of legality.
u Centralization of Power: The concentration of political authority in the executive branch,

often at the expense of the legislature and judiciary. Centralization weakens the system
of checks and balances, undermining accountability and giving the executive branch
more control over all aspects of government.
u Authocratic Legalism & Judicial Erosion: The process of weakening the independence
of the judiciary through political pressure, manipulation, or control of judicial
appointments. This undermines the judiciary's ability to serve as a check on executive
power, which is a critical feature of a functioning democracy.
u Populist authoritarianism: The rise of populist leaders who claim to represent "the people"
against an established elite. Populist rhetoric often challenges democratic norms and
dismisses institutions like the media, judiciary, and legislature as corrupt or untrustworthy,
leading to a degradation of the rule of law and democratic accountability.
u Media Censorship and Intimidation: Control or suppression of the media to prevent

critical coverage of the government, thus limiting the public's access to information and
their ability to hold leaders accountable. Intimidation of journalists and the spread of
propaganda are common methods used in democratic regression to maintain a
favorable narrative.
u Reconsolidating Predatoric Oligarchy: A form of governance where a small group of
elites or influential families holds significant power, often leading to clientelism and
patronage networks. This undermines the democratic principle of equal representation,
as political power is concentrated in the hands of a select few rather than being
distributed based on merit or popular support.
u Shrinking Civic Space & Crackdown on Political Opponents: The reduction in freedom of
association and civic engagement through legal, financial, or physical means, thereby
limiting the activities of civil society organizations (CSOs), NGOs, and advocacy groups.
This limits public participation in political discourse and reduces avenues for citizens to
challenge government decisions.
LOOK FORWARD THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY
u HOW TO CREATE A GOOD GOVERNANCE IN THE

STATE OF DEMOCRATIC REGRESSION?
u HOW TO EMPOWER MEANINGFUL OR MEANINGLESS
PARTICIPATION?
u HOWTO DEAL WITH THE RECONSOLIDATED
MAJORITARIAN PRESIDENTIALISM?

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A New Hope or Hopeless of

EVALUASI SATU DEKADE KINERJA PEMERINTAHAN JOKO WIDODO (2014-2024)

u Jokowi made substantial strides in simplifying regulations, reducing bureaucratic red

u One of the most notable criticisms of Jokowi's administration is the weakening of

u Illiberal Democracy: A regime that retains the appearance of democracy

u Illiberal Democracy: A regime that retains the appearance of democracy (e.g.,

u Centralization of Power: The concentration of political authority in the executive branch,

u Media Censorship and Intimidation: Control or suppression of the media to prevent

u HOW TO CREATE A GOOD GOVERNANCE IN THE

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