P4 Questions

Section 2
Question 1 (a) (i) The main component of milk is a liquid that is an important solvent in
the body.
State the name of this solvent.
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(ii) Table 1.1 shows some of the nutrients found in human milk, the elements that
make up the nutrients, the enzymes that digest them and the products of digestion.
Complete Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
(b) Milk also contains vitamins and mineral salts.
(i) Explain why vitamin D is important for the nutrition of children.

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(ii) Explain why iron is important in the diet.
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Describe the structure of a villus and its role in the alimentary canal. Use the letters in
Fig. 4.2 to support your answer.
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Question 2
(a) Fig. 4.2 is part of a cross-section through the scape of a stem.
Draw a line and add a label on Fig. 4.2 to identify one area of xylem tissue.
(b) Describe the function of phloem tissue.

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Question 3
The heart pumps blood around the body.

(a) Explain why the heart is an organ.
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(b) Complete the sentences:
The ............................................... system includes the heart and blood vessels.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is transported to the heart in
the ............................................... . During a heart beat the ventricles contract. The right
ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The right ventricle has
a ............................................... muscular wall than the left ventricle.
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs by ............................................... . Oxygenated blood

travels back to the heart where it enters the ............................................... of the heart.
The two sides of the heart are separated by the ............................................... . This
structure prevents the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Oxygenated
blood is then delivered to the rest of the body. Blood is supplied to the muscle of the
heart in the ............................................... .
(c) Many people monitor their heart rate by counting their pulse.
State one other method of monitoring heart rate.
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Question 4
3 Fig. 3.1 is a diagram of a section through a human heart.
(a) Draw an X on the septum in Fig. 3.1. [1]

(b) Explain the reason for the difference between the thickness of the walls at B and at C
in Fig. 3.1.
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(c) A red blood cell enters the vena cava at A in Fig. 3.1.
Explain how the red blood cell is moved from the vena cava to the aorta.
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Section 3
1) A student used an aquatic plant to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide

concentration on the rate of photosynthesis. The production of oxygen gas can be used
as an estimate of the rate of photosynthesis.
The student set up the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.2. He counted the number of bubbles
produced in 5 minutes. The carbon dioxide concentration in the water around
the aquatic plant was 2 mg per dm3.
He repeated the experiment with five different concentrations of carbon dioxide.

(i) Plot a line graph on the grid of the data in Table 2.1.
(ii) Describe the trend shown on your graph in 2(b)(i).
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(iii) The rate of photosynthesis can be given as the number of bubbles produced in
one minute.
Use the information in Table 2.1 to calculate the rate of photosynthesis at a

carbon dioxide concentration of 4 mg per dm3.
Give your answer to one significant figure.
Space for working.
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(iv) Identify the variable that the student changed in this investigation (the
independent variable).
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(c) Counting bubbles is not an accurate method for measuring the volume of gas
produced by a plant during photosynthesis.
Plan an investigation to determine the effect of light intensity on the rate of

photosynthesis. Your plan should include a more accurate method of measuring the
volume of gas produced during the reaction.
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Section 2

Complete Table 1.1.

(b) Milk also contains vitamins and mineral salts.

(i) Explain why vitamin D is important for the nutrition of children.

(a) Fig. 4.2 is part of a cross-section through the scape of a stem.

(b) Describe the function of phloem tissue.

The heart pumps blood around the body.

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs by ............................................... . Oxygenated blood

3 Fig. 3.1 is a diagram of a section through a human heart.

(a) Draw an X on the septum in Fig. 3.1. [1]

1) A student used an aquatic plant to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide

He repeated the experiment with five different concentrations of carbon dioxide.

(ii) Describe the trend shown on your graph in 2(b)(i).

Use the information in Table 2.1 to calculate the rate of photosynthesis at a

Give your answer to one significant figure.

Space for working.

................................ bubbles per minute

Plan an investigation to determine the effect of light intensity on the rate of

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