Cad Desk
Cad Desk
Cad Desk
ABOUT CADDWAY
CADDWAY, a brand name registered under Parshi Training and Technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
(PTTS) is engaged in the software training related to CAD/CAM in the streams of mechanical,
Civil, Electrical& Architecture. Our vision and missions are defined and we give utmost
emphasis to adhere to the norms and principles envisaged in the vision and mission.
Apart from the trainings of CAD/CAM we are also in multiple activities related to the
mechanical, civil, electrical, architectural etc. viz. Training, Consultancy, Placements and
Software.
TRAINING
We at CADDWAY provide state of the art trainings for the software of CAD/CAM for the
relevant streams of engineering. Our upgraded labs are well equipped with the latest technical
advancements required for the trainees to enhance their technical knowledge in their respective
streams opted. Also, we provide hands on experience at the respective industrial segments
premises to the trainees, which in turn give a satisfaction level to the trainees to judge
themselves on the basis of the knowledge gained through CADDWAY training.
CONSULTANCY
Our area of expertise is consultancy. We have vast experience in providing consultancy to
various Corporate Sectors, PSUs, Government Bodies, Private Builders/Colonizers etc. We
have given our expert consultancy in the field of colonizing, land surveys, structural buildings,
layout plans for the government bodies, building bridges both under pass and overhead, metro
rail etc. We are proud to be associated with the aforementioned and are contended with the
work provided to them.
PLACEMENTS
We at CADDWAY have been successful in this segment too. Our over 1000 trainees are well
placed at various levels in multiple industrial segments globally since our placement division
started operations. We have a tie up at major industrial segments wherein our trainees get an
upper edge in acquiring a job as per the needs of the respective industry. We also have a large
database of trainees who are search of a lucrative opening as per the industrial needs.
SOFTWARE
We also deal in the licensed software of major companies viz. AutoDesk, PTC, Solidworks,
Microsoft, Bentley etc. We use these LICENSED SOFTWARE only to impart trainings to our
trainees
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AutoCAD
AutoCAD is Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided Drafting software application for 2D
and 3D design and drafting, developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc. Initially released in late
1982, AutoCAD was one of the first CAD programs to run on personal computers, and notably
the IBM PC. Most CAD software at the time ran on graphics terminals connected to mainframe
computers or mini-computers.
AutoCAD 2D
2D means 2Dimensional ,Refers to objects that are constructed on two planes (X and Y plane,
height and width, row and column,etc.). So, In 2D Drafting we can create surfaces only on X
and Y planes.
AutoCAD 3D
3D means 3D dimensional, refers to objects that are constructed on Three planes (x, y and z). A
2D (two-dimensional) Drawing program can be used to illustrate a 3D object; However, in order
to interactively rotate an object for Different views, it must be created as a 3d drawing in a 3d
drawing program.So in 3d modeling we create solid objects.
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CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION
About AutoCAD
AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and
drafting — available since 1982 as a desktop application and since 2010 as a mobile web- and
cloud-based app marketed as AutoCAD 360. Developed and marketed by Autodesk, Inc.
AutoCAD was first released in December 1982, running on microcomputers with internal graphics
controllers. Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most commercial CAD programs ran on
mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate
graphics terminal.
AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries, by architects, project managers, engineers,
designers, and other professionals. It is supported by 750 training centers worldwide as of 1994.
As Autodesk's flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD
program world wide as of 2014, AutoCAD is in its twenty-ninth generation, and collectively with
all its variants, continues to be the most widely used CAD program throughout most of the world.
AutoCAD was derived from a program begun in 1977 and released in 1979 called Interact CAD,
also referred to in early Autodesk documents as Micro CAD, which was written prior to
Autodesk's (Then Marin chip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Mike Riddle.
The first version by the Auto Desk company was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and released
that December. The 2015 release marked the 29th major release for the AutoCAD for Windows.
The 2014 release marked the fourth consecutive year for AutoCAD for Mac.
Objective of Training
2. Detailed practice of frequently used commands such as LINE, ARC, CIRCLE, POLY LINE,
ARRAY, RECTANGLE, TRIM etc.
AutoCAD windows
Application menu Drawing Area
Quick Access Toolbar Crosshair
Ribbon Command Window
Title Bar Status bar
Application menu: If you click the AutoCAD logo in the upper-left corner of the window,
you open the Application menu, which offers general file-related tools.
Drawing Area: In the middle of the AutoCAD window is the drawing area where you’ll do
your actual drawing.
Status bar: At the bottom of the screen is the Status bar, which provides information about
many of the settings you’ll use in AutoCAD. The Status bar also offers controls over many
of the different drawing modes in AutoCAD.
Command window: Just above the status bar is the command window, which is almost
unique to AutoCAD. The command line is a text window that displays commands as you
use them, as well as your keyboard input. Messages often appear here that prompt you to
perform a step in a command.
Title Bar: Title Bar shows the path or name of the currently opened drawing. It also gives
the version of the AutoCAD being used by us.
Crosshair: Crosshair is the pointer, and can be controlled by the mouse as usual, and by the
pen if one owns the tablet. Crosshair change the shape from cross to several others signs
when pan, orbit. With the crosshair cursor, you can point to portions of the drawing area,
and the numeric display, known as the Dynamic Input display, tells you your XY coordinate
within the drawing area.
UCS icon: The UCS icon is the L- shaped icon you see at the lower-left corner of the
drawing area.
Button
Menu: Format Units
Command entry: 'units for transparent use Units setting dialog
Summary box
The format, precision, and other conventions to be used in displaying coordinates, distances,
and angles are set and saved in drawing template files. These settings can also be changed in the
current drawing file.
2.4.3 DRAWING LIMITS
Drawing limits are used to set the boundaries of the drawing. The drawing boundaries are
usually set to match the size of a sheet of drawing paper. This means that when the drawing is
plotted and a hard copy is made, it will fit on the drawing paper.
2.4.3.1 Limits
Sets and controls the limits of the grid display in the current Model or layout tab.
Access Methods
Menu: Format Drawing Limits
Command entry: 'limits for transparent use
List of Prompts
The following prompts are displayed.
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <current>: Specify a point, enter on or off, or press Enter
Lower-Left Corner- Specifies the lower-left corner for the grid limits
On
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Turns on limits checking. When limits checking is on, you cannot enter points outside the grid
limits. Because limits checking tests only points that you enter, portions of objects such as
circles can extend outside the grid limits.
Off
Turns off limits checking but maintains the current values for the next time you turn on limits
checking.
Cartesian coordinate
and to align objects relative to each other.Every object you draw is placed in either the world
coordinate system (WCS) or a user coordinate system (UCS).
When you create 2D geometry, data input is ultimately passed to the software in the form of
Cartesian (x, y) or polar coordinates (distance, angle). You can either manually enter these
coordinates or infer them by picking a point in the drawing window.
Cartesian Coordinate
The Cartesian coordinate system is used to determine points in space that are a specified
distance from a set of perpendicular axes that intersect at the origin of the system.
Polar Coordinates
A polar coordinate is a point in the coordinate system that is determined by a distance and an
angle. To specify a polar coordinate, type the distance < angle, example 5<45, where Distance
equals the distance travelled from the specified origin point and Angle equals the angle from the
X axis.
Polar Coordinate
ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE COORDINATES
When you type coordinates, they can be in the form of an absolute or a relative coordinate.
1. An absolute coordinate represents a specific point in the current coordinate system
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relative to the origin point (0,0). To enter an absolute coordinate, type the values as a
Cartesian coordinate (x,y) or Polar coordinate (distance angle).
2. A relative coordinate is a point located from a previously selected point. To enter this
coordinate, select your first point, then precede the next coordinate point with the @
symbol. For example @5<45 would mean 5 units at 45 degrees from the last point
selected, and @3,5 would mean 3 units in the positive x direction and 5 units in the
positive y direction from the last point.
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3.1 INTRODUCTION
Drawing 2D objects is one of the basic topics covered during our training. Instructor told us
that, when you draw in AutoCAD, you are creating AutoCAD objects: lines, circles, arcs,
ellipses, and hatch patterns. Each and every object has a set of properties. Geometric properties
include the endpoints of a line or the center and radius of a circle. Also, some properties are not
directly related to the geometry of an object, such as its color or its layer assignment.
When you draw objects, you are really specifying their geometric properties. The other
properties are by default selected. The various command and techniques which are used to
construct 2D drawing, taught to us by Instructor are Line, Circle, Polygon, Xline, etc are
discussed in the coming sections.
3.2 2-D COMMANDS
3.2.1 Line
Creates straight line segments.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Line
Menu: Draw Line
Toolbar: Draw
Summary
With LINE, you can create a series of contiguous line segments. Each segment is a line object that can be edited
separately.
Line segments
3.2.2 ARC
Creates an arc.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Arc drop-down 3-Point
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Arc
3.2.3 ELLIPSE
Creates an ellipse or an elliptical arc.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Centre
Menu: Draw Ellipse Centre
Toolbar: Draw
Summary
The first two points of the ellipse determine the location and length of the first axis. The third
point determines the distance between the center of the ellipse and the end point of the second
axis.
Ellipse
3.2.4 XLINE
Creates a line of infinite length.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Construction Line
Menu: Draw Construction Line
Toolbar: Draw
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Summary
Lines that extend to infinity, such as xlines, can be used to create construction and reference lines, and for trimming
boundaries.
Xlines
3.2.5 CIRCLE
Creates a circle.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Circle drop-down
Menu: Draw Circle
Toolbar: Draw
List of Prompts
The following prompts are displayed.
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Specify a point or enter an
option
Center Point
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Erase
Menu: Modify Erase
Toolbar: Modify
Shortcut menu: Select the objects to erase, right-click in the drawing area, and click Erase.
Summary
You can erase selected objects from the drawing. This method does not move objects to the Clipboard, where they
can then be pasted to another location.
If you are working with 3D objects, you can also erase subobjects such as faces, meshes, and vertices.
Instead of selecting objects to erase, you can enter an option, such as L to erase the last object drawn, p to erase the
previous selection set, or ALL to erase all objects. You can also enter ?to get a list of all options.
The PDMODE and PDSIZE system variables control the appearance of point objects. PDMODE values 0, 2, 3,
and 4 specify a figure to draw through the point. A value of 1 specifies that nothing is displayed.
3.2.7 SPLINE
Creates a smooth curve that passes through fit points or near control vertices.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Spline
Menu: Draw Spline
Toolbar: Draw
Summary
There are two methods for creating splines in AutoCAD: with fit points or with control vertices. Each method has
different options.
3.2.8 POLYGON
Creates an equilateral closed polyline.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Polygon
Menu: Draw Polygon
Toolbar: Draw
Summary
A polygon is created
List of Prompts
The following prompts are displayed.
Enter number of sides <current>: Enter a value between 3 and 1024 or press ENTER
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Specify a point (1) or enter e
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4.2 COMMANDS
4.2.1 COPY
Copies objects a specified distance in a specified direction.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Copy
Menu: Modify Copy
Toolbar: Modify
Shortcut menu: Select the objects to copy, and right-click in the drawing area. Click Copy
Selection.
Summary
With the COPYMODE system variable, you can control whether multiple copies are created
automatically.
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Offset
Menu: Modify Offset
Toolbar: Modify
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Summary
You can offset an object at a specified distance or through a point. After you offset objects, you
can trim and extend them as an efficient method to create drawings containing many parallel
lines and curves.
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Move
Menu: Modify Move
Toolbar: Modify
Shortcut menu: Select the objects to move, and right-click in the drawing area. Click Move.
Summary
Use coordinates, grid snaps, object snaps, and other tools to move objects with precision.
4.2.4 ROTATE
Rotates objects around a base point.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Rotate
Menu: Modify Rotate
Toolbar: Modify
Shortcut menu: Select the objects to rotate, and right-click in the drawing area. Click Rotate.
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Summary
You can rotate selected objects around a base point to an absolute angle.
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Align.
Menu: Modify 3D Operations Align
Summary
Either one, two, or three pairs of source points and definition points can be specified to move,
rotate, or tilt the selected objects, aligning them with points on another object.
Toolbar: Modify
Summary: To extend objects, first select the boundaries. Then press Enter and select the objects that
you want to extend. To use all objects as boundaries, press Enter at the first Select Objects prompt.
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Trim
Menu: Modify Trim
Toolbar: Modify
Summary
To trim objects, select the boundaries. Then press Enter and select the objects that you want to trim. To use all
objects as boundaries, press Enter at the first Select Objects prompt.
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Break
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Break at Point
Menu: Modify Break
Toolbar: Modify
Summary: You can create a gap between two specified points on an object, breaking it into two
objects. If the points are off of an object, they are automatically projected on to the object. break is often
used to create space for a block or text.
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Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Mirror
Menu: Modify Mirror
Toolbar: Modify
Summary
You can create objects that represent half of a drawing, select them, and mirror them across a
specified line to create the other half.
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Array.
Toolbar: Modify
Menu: Modify Array.
Summary
You can create copies of objects in a regularly spaced rectangular or polar array.
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Array
The Array dialog box is displayed. You can create rectangular or polar arrays by choosing the appropriate
option. Each object in an array can be manipulated independently. If you select multiple objects, the objects are
treated as one item to be copied and arrayed.
4.2.11 EXPLODE
Breaks a compound object into its component objects.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Explode
Menu: Modify Explode
Toolbar: Modify
Summary
Explodes a compound object when you want to modify its components separately. Objects that can be exploded
include blocks, polylines, and regions, among others.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Chamfer and Fillet drop-down Chamfer
Menu: Modify Chamfer
Toolbar: Modify
Summary
The distances and angles that you specify are applied in the order that you select the objects.
Button
Ribbon: Surface Modeling tab Curves panel Join
Menu: Modify Join
Toolbar: Modify
Summary
Most objects to be joined must be located in the same plane. You can join objects in different planes if the source
object is a spline or a 3D polyline. Each type of object has additional restrictions.
4.2.15 SCALE
Enlarges or reduces selected objects, keeping the proportions of the object the same after
scaling.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modify panel Scale
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Region
Menu: Draw Region
Toolbar: Draw
Summary
Regions are two-dimensional areas you create from closed shapes or loops. Closed polylines, lines, and curves are
valid selections. Curves include circular arcs, circles, elliptical arcs, ellipses, and splines. You can combine several
regions into a single, complex region.
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Closed 2D and exploded planar 3D polylines in the selection set are converted to separate regions and then
converts polylines, lines, and curves to form closed planar loops (outer boundaries and holes of a region). If more
than two curves share an endpoint, the resulting region might be arbitrary. The boundary of the region consists of
end-connected curves where each point shares only two edges. All intersections and self-intersecting curves are
rejected
4.2.17 HATCH
Fills an enclosed area or selected objects with a hatch pattern, solid fill, or gradient fill.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Hatch
Menu: Draw Hatch
Toolbar: Draw
Summary
Choose from several methods to specify the boundaries of a hatch.
1. Specify a point in an area that is enclosed by objects.
2. Select objects that enclose an area.
3. Specify boundary points using the -HATCH Draw option.
Drag a hatch pattern into an enclosed area from a tool palette or DesignCenter.
CHAPTER-5: 3D CONSTRUCTIONS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
AutoCAD makes it easy to create 3D shapes of any type, from simple box and cones to complex
curved surfaces. Our instructor told us, when it comes to 3D modelling, there really isn’t much
you can’t do with AutoCAD. You can create just any shape you can imagine in AutoCAD. Of
course, the more complex the shape, the more time it will take, but AutoCAD’s newer versions
offers a new level of freedom in 3d modelling that the older version lacked.
AutoCAD offers some basic shapes known as solid primitives. These tools let you quickly
create a polysolid, box, wedge, cone, sphere, cylinder, pyramid, or torus. You can edit these
primitives to form other, more complex shapes. Other tools allow you to create free- form
curves from 2D objects such as lines, arcs, and splines
Button
Ribbon: View tab Coordinates panel World
Menu: Tools New UCS World
Toolbar: UCS
List of Prompts
The following prompts are displayed.
Specify Origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis] <World>:
Specify Origin of UCS
Defines a new UCS using one, two, or three points. If you specify a single point, the origin of the current UCS
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Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modeling panel Box
Menu: Draw Modeling Box
Toolbar: Modeling
List of Prompts
The following prompts are displayed.
1. Specify first corner or [Center]: Specify a point or enter c for center
2. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: Specify the other corner of the box or enter an
option
If the other corner of the box is specified with a Z value that differs from the first corner, then no height prompt is
displayed.
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1. Specify height or [2Point] <default>: Specify the height or enter 2P for the 2 Point
option
Entering a positive value draws the height along the positive Z axis of the current UCS. Entering a negative value
draws the height along the negative Z axis. The base of the box is always drawn parallel to the XY plane of the
current UCS (work plane). The height of the box is specified in the Z-axis direction. You can enter both positive
and negative values for the height.
Create a Box
5.3.2 CONE
Creates a 3D solid cone
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modeling panel Cone
Menu: Home Modeling Solid Modeling drop-down Cone
Toolbar: Modeling
Summary
Creates a 3D solid with a circular or elliptical base that tapers symmetrically to a point or to a circular or elliptical
planar face. You can control the smoothness of 3D curved solids, such as a cone, in a shaded or hidden visual style
with the FACETRES system variable.
Create a Cone
Use the Top Radius option to create a cone frustum. Initially, the default base radius is not set to any value. During
a drawing session, the default value for the base radius is always the previously entered base radius value for any
solid primitive.
5.3.3 CYLINDER
Creates a 3D solid cylinder.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modeling panel Solid Primitives drop-down Cylinder
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Button
Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Helix
Menu: Draw Helix
Toolbar: Modeling
Summary
Use a helix as a sweep path for the SWEEP command to create springs, threads, and circular stairways.
Button
Ribbon: Home tab 3D Modeling panel Sphere
Menu: Draw Modeling Sphere
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Toolbar: Modeling
Summary
You can create a sphere by specifying a center point and a point on the radius. You can control the smoothness of
curved 3D solids, such as a sphere, in a shaded or hidden visual style with the FACETRES system variable.
5.3.6 PYRAMID
Creates a 3D solid pyramid
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modeling panel Pyramid
Menu: Draw Modeling Pyramid
Toolbar: Modeling
Summary
By default, a pyramid is defined by the center of the base point, a point on the middle of the edge, and another
point that determines the height.
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modeling panel Torus
Menu: Draw Modeling Torus
Toolbar: Modeling
Summary
You can create a torus by specifying the center, then the radius or diameter of the torus, and then the radius or
diameter of the tube that surrounds the torus. You can control the smoothness of curved 3D solids, such as a torus,
in a shaded or hidden visual style with the FACETRES system variable.
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Under this section, Our instructor, taught us more commands for 3D designing, these commands
really boost the construction process, and after learning these commands, we start drawing
complex designs with even more proficiency and in no time and now.
we start designing in 3Dspace and it become even easier to visualize the objects. After, this
tutorial we are able to construct unsymmetrical objects, we can see the sections of 3D body at
our desired plane to see its internal features, Our instructor time to time gave us new added
features of latest version of AutoCAD, as the new feature is mesh modelling, by using it we can
tweak the object, to finer detail, this feature is available in Autodesk®’s other applications like
3D Max and Maya.
6.2 COMMANDS
6.2.1 EXTRUDE
Creates a 3D solid or surface by extending the dimensions of an object.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Modeling Extrude
Menu: Draw Modeling Extrude
Toolbar: Modeling
Summary
You can extrude either an open or closed object to create a 3D surface or solid. If you extrude a surface, you will
create a regular surface or a NURBS surface depending on how the SURFACEMODELINGMODE system
variable is set. To extrude meshes, use the MESHEXTRUDE command.
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Solid Editing panel Slice
Menu: Modify 3D Operations Slice
Summary
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The cutting plane is defined with 2 or 3 points, by specifying a major plane of the UCS, or by
selecting a surface object (but not a mesh). Either one or both sides of the sliced 3D solids can
be retained.
Button
Ribbon: Solid tab Solid panel Sweep
Ribbon: Surface tab Create panel Sweep
Toolbar: Modeling
Menu: Draw Modeling Sweep
Summary
Creates a solid or surface by sweeping an open or closed, planar or non-planar curve (profile)
along an open or closed path. Open curves create surfaces and closed curves create solids or
surfaces, depending on the specified mode.
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Section panel Live Section
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Button
Ribbon: Home tab Mesh panel Smooth Objects
Menu: Draw Modeling Meshes Smooth Mesh
Button
Ribbon: Surface tab Create panel Offset
Menu: Draw Modeling Surfaces Offset
Reverse the direction of the offset with the Flip Direction option.
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Solid Editing panel Union
Menu: Modify Solid Editing Union
Toolbar: Modeling
Summary
You can combine two or more 3D solids, surfaces, or 2D regions into a single, composite 3D solid, surface, or
region. You must select the same type of objects to combine.
Button
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Solid Editing panel Intersect
Menu: Modify Solid Editing Intersect
Toolbar: Modeling
Summary
With INTERSECT, you can create a 3D solid from the common volume of two or more existing 3D solids,
surfaces, or regions. If you select a mesh, you can convert it to a solid or surface before completing the operation.
You can extrude 2D profiles and then intersect them to create a complex model efficiently.
The selection set can contain regions, solids, and surfaces that lie in any number of arbitrary planes. INTERSECT
divides the selection set into subsets and tests for intersections within each subset. The first subset contains all the
solids and surfaces in the selection set. The second subset contains the first selected region and all subsequent
coplanar regions. The third subset contains the next region that is not coplanar with the first region and all
subsequent coplanar regions, and so on until all regions belong to a subset.
Button
Ribbon: View tab Navigate panel Pan
Toolbar: Standard
Menu: View Pan Realtime
Shortcut menu: With no objects selected, right-click in the drawing area and choose Pan.
Summary
You can pan the drawing display in real time
6.4.2 ZOOM
Increases or decreases the magnification of the view in the current viewport.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: View tab Navigate panel Realtime
Menu: View Zoom Realtime
Toolbar: Standard
Shortcut menu: With no objects selected, right-click in the drawing area and choose Zoom to
zoom in real time.
Command entry: 'zoom for transparent use
Summary
You can change the magnification of a view by zooming in and out, which is similar to zooming in and out with a
camera. Using ZOOM does not change the absolute size of objects in the drawing. It changes only the
magnification of the view.
In a perspective view, ZOOM displays the 3DZOOM prompts.
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6.4.3 DWALK
Changes the 3D view in a drawing interactively to create the appearance of walking through the
model
Access Methods
Button
Toolbar: 3D Navigation
Menu: View Walk and Fly Walk
Shortcut menu: Start any 3D navigation command, right-click in the drawing area, and click
Other Navigation Modes Walk (6).
Summary
3DWALK activates a walk mode in the current viewport. On the keyboard, use the four arrow
keys or the W (forward), A (left), S (back), and D (right) keys to determine the direction of your
walk. To specify the direction of the view, you drag the mouse in the direction you want to
look. For more information, see Walk and Fly Navigation Mappings Balloon
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7.1 INTRODUCTION
Until now, i talked about those commands, techniques and operations. Which are either used to
construct basic primitive shapes, and unsymmetrical complex bodies, and learn as how to
assemble the whole assembly, but imagine how it feels and look like that you spend hundred of
hours constructing and assembling your design, and it is not presentable. No one want to see
mono color assemblies moreover it is difficult for a viewer to demark which part of the
assembly is where, so wise designers made their assemblies in different layers with different
color, and one can get the photorealistic image of their assembly, after rendering it as per his
desired view. AutoCAD has its own Mental Ray rendering engine. Moreover we can transfer
these files to other software packages, for further adding the features.
7.2.1 COLOR
Sets the color for new objects.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Properties panel Object Color
Menu: Format Color
7.2.2 ETRANSMIT
Packages a set of files for Internet transmission.
Access Methods
Button
The Create Transmittal dialog box is displayed. If you enter -etransmit at the Command prompt,options
are displayed.
When you select a set of drawing files in a transmittal package, it automatically includes all related dependent files
such as xrefs and font files.
7.2.3 MASSPROP
Calculates the mass properties of regions or 3D solids.
Access Methods
Menu: Tools Inquiry Region/Mass Properties
Toolbar: Inquiry
Summary
The mass property dialog box appears.
List of Prompts
The following prompts are displayed.
Select objects: Use an object selection method
If you select multiple regions, only those that are coplanar with the first selected region are accepted.
MASSPROP displays the mass properties in the text window, and then asks if you want to write the mass
properties to a text file (.mpr).
The properties that MASSPROP displays depend on whether the selected objects are regions, and whether the
selected regions are coplanar with the XY plane of the current user coordinate system (UCS), or solids
7.2.4 PLOT
Plots a drawing to a plotter, printer, or file.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Output tab Plot panel Plot
Button
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Rendered Output
The RENDER command begins the rendering process and displays the rendered image in the Render Window
or the viewport. By default, all objects in the current view in the drawing are rendered. If a named view or a camera
view is not specified, the current view is rendered.
7.2.6 IMPORT
Imports files of different formats into the current drawing.
Access Methods
Button
Ribbon: Insert tab Import panel Import
Toolbar: Insert
Summary
You can import data files, other than DWG files, that were created with other applications into
the current drawing. The import process translates data into the corresponding DWG file data.
In Files of Type, select the file format to import. In File Name, select the file name to import.
The file is imported into the drawing. The following formats are available for import:
1. Metafile (*.wmf): Microsoft Windows® Metafile (see WMFIN)
2. ACIS (*.sat): ACIS solid object file (see ACISIN)
3. 3D Studio (*.3ds): 3D Studio file (see 3DSIN)
4. MicroStation DGN (*.dgn):MicroStation DGN file (see DGNIMPORT)
5. All DGN files (*.*): DGN files with user-specified file extensions such as .sed for seed
files (see DGNIMPORT)
6. FBX files (*.fbx): Autodesk®® FBX files (see FBXIMPORT)
7.2.7 EXPORT
Saves the objects in a drawing to a different file format.
Access Methods
Button
39
Button
Ribbon: Home tab Layers panel Layer Properties Manager
Menu: Format Layer
Toolbar: Layer
Command entry: 'layer for transparent use
Summary
The Layer Properties Manager is displayed.
If you enter -layer at the Command prompt, options are displayed.
CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION
The use of the import function in Auto CAD definitely has some advantages. It can help to
reduce the time it takes to produce the drawings needed in the work environment. However if
the individual that has created the imported file does not receive credit for their work, problems
may arise in the future. As well, by using the function people may slowly start to place a lesser
value on the intellectual property of others, which will undoubtedly create future conflict. The
use of the import function may also be relied on heavily in order to create efficiencies within the
industry. This could possibly lead to a decrease in the rate of innovation. It's obvious that the
import function has a place in the building industry, but its use will have to be regulated in order
to create a balance between the negative and the positive effects it creates.