TRIGONOMETRY

Trigonometric Ration  cos 

 cot  
 sin 

 cot . sin   cos 

 cot  1
 
 cos  sin 
h p Some Important Triplates
3,4,5 6,8,10 9,12,15
5,12,13 8,15,17 12,35,37

9,40,41 11,60,61 20,21,29
b
30,39,89 16,63,65 15,112,113
In a right – angled triangle 13,84,85 28,45,53 33,56,65
69,260,269 60,221,229 105,208,233
p
sin θ =
h
Signs of Trigonometric Functions
h in Different Quadrants
cosec θ =
p 90°, /2
II quadrant
b 90°+ I quadrant
cos θ = 180– 90°– 
h
only sine
All +ve
h and cosec+ve
sec θ =
b 180°, 0°,360°,2
Only tan Only cos
p and cot +ve and sec +ve
tan θ = 180°+  270°+ 
b 270°–  360°– 
b III quadrant IV quadrant
cot θ =
p 270°, 3/2

Where 'p' is perpendicular, 'b' is base, and 'h' is

hypotenuse.
Basic Trigonometric Identities based on above Ration

  cos   1
sin   1  sec 
 cosec 
  sec   1
cosec  1  cos 
1.  sin  
 cos .sec   1
sin  cosec   1 
 


 tan   1  sin 
 cot   tan  
  cos 
 cot   1
 tan   tan .cos   sin 

  tan . 1
cot . tan   1  
  sin  cos 


1
• sin 180 – θ = sin θ sec 270 – θ = – cosec θ
sin 270 + θ = – cos θ
cos 180 – θ = – cos θ
•
cos 270 + θ = sin θ
tan 180 – θ = – tan θ
tan 270 + θ = – cot θ
cot 180 – θ = – cot θ cot 270 + θ = – tan θ
cosec 180 – θ = cosec θ cosec 270 + θ = – sec θ

sec 180 – θ = – sec θ sec 270 + θ = cosec θ

• sin 360 – θ = – sin θ
• sin 180 + θ = – sin θ
cos 360 – θ = cos θ
cos 180 + θ = – cos θ
tan 360 – θ = – tan θ
tan 180 + θ = tan θ
cot 360 – θ = – cot θ
cot 180 + θ = cot θ
cosec 360 – θ = – cosec θ
cosec 180 + θ = – cosec θ
sec 360 – θ = sec θ
sec 180 + θ = – sec θ
• sin 360 + θ = sin θ
• sin 270 – θ = – cos θ
cos 360 + θ = cos θ
cos 270 – θ = – sin θ
tan 360 + θ = tan θ
tan 270 – θ = cot θ
cot 360 + θ = cot θ
cot 270 – θ = tan θ
cosec 360 + θ = cosec θ
cosec 270 – θ = – sec θ
sec 360 + θ = sec θ
Note:- If T- Ratio of any angle is given then you can find the rest T-Ratio by remembering this table
sin θ cos θ tan θ cot θ sec θ cosec θ
tan  1 sec ²  – 1
1
sin θ sin θ 1 – cos ²
1  tan ² 1  cot ²  sec 
cosec
1 cot  1 cosec² –1
cos θ 1 – sin ² cos θ
1  tan ² 1  cot ²  sec  cosec
sin  1 – cos ² 1 1
tan θ
1 – sin ² 
tan θ
cot  sec ²  – 1 cosec² –1
cos 
1 – sin ²  cos  1 1
cot θ
sin  1 – cos ² tan 
cot θ
sec ²  – 1 cosec²  – 1

1 1 cosec
sec θ 1  tan ²  1  cot ²  sec θ
1 – sin ² cos  cosec²  –1
cot 
cosec θ 1 1 1  tan ² 1  cot ² sec  cosec θ
sin  1 – cos ² tan  sec ²  –1

Value of Trigonometeric Ratios at special angles

5 –1
(3) sin 18° = = cos 72°
4

3 –1
(1) sin 15° = = cos 75° 10  2 5
2 2 (4) cos 18° = = sin 72°
4

3 1
(2) cos 15° = = sin 75° 10 – 2 5
2 2 (5) sin 36° = = cos 54°
4

2
 Values of T–Rations of Some Standard Angles

    3
6 4 3 2 2
1 1 3
2 2 2
3 1 1
2 2 2
1
3
3
1
3
3
2
2
3
2
2 3

• sin  – θ = –sin θ 5 1
(6) cos 36° = = sin 54°
cos  – θ = cos θ
4

tan  – θ = –tan θ
1 2– 2
(7) sin 22 =
cot  – θ = –cot θ 2 2

cosec  – θ = –cosec θ
1 2 2
sec  – θ = sec θ (8) cos 22
2
=
2
• sin 90 – θ = cos θ

cos 90 – θ = sin θ (9) tan 15° =

3 –1
= cot 75°
3 1
tan 90 – θ = cot θ
(10) cot 15° = 2 + 3 = tan 75°
cot 90 – θ = tan θ
SOME BASIC IDENTITY:-
cosec 90 – θ = sec θ
• sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
sec 90 – θ = cosec θ
• cos2 θ = 1 – sin2 θ
• sin 90 + θ = cos θ • sin2 θ = 1 – cos2 θ

cos 90 + θ = – sin θ • sec2 θ – tan2 θ = 1

(sec θ + tan θ )(sec θ – tan θ ) = 1
tan 90 + θ = – cot θ
1
cot 90 + θ = – tan θ (sec θ + tan θ ) = sec  – tan 

cosec 90 + θ = sec θ

sec² θ = 1+ tan² θ
sec 90 + θ = – cosec θ tan² θ = sec² θ – 1

3
• cosec² θ – cot² θ = 1  C + D   C – D 
cosC + cosD = 2cos   cos 
 2 

(cosec θ + cot θ )(cosec θ – cot θ ) = 1 2 

1  C + D   C – D 
(cosec θ + cot θ ) = co sec  – cot  cosC – cosD = –2cos   sin 
 2 

2 

cosec² θ = 1 + cot² θ
Product to Sum Formula:-
cot² θ = cosec² θ – 1
2sinA cosB = sin(A+B) + sin(A–B)
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTION AT THE SUM
OR DIFFERENCE:- 2cosA sinB = sin(A+B) – sin(A–B)
sin(A+B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB 2cosA cosB = cos(A+B) + cos(A–B)
sin (A–B) = sinA cos B – cos A sinB 2sinA sinB = cos(A–B) – cos(A+B)
cos(A+B) = cosA cosB – sinA sinB Double angle formula:-
cos(A–B) = cosA cosB + sinA sinB
sin2x = 2sinx cosx
tanA + tan B
tan(A+B) = 2 tan x
1– tanA tan B sin2x =
1  tan2 x
tanA – tan B
tan(A–B) = cos2x = cos²x – sin²x
1+ tanA tan B cos2x =2cos²x – 1
cotA cotB – 1 cos2x = 1 – 2 sin²x
cot(A+B) =
cotB + cotA 1 – tan2 x
cos2x =
cotA cotB +1 1  tan2 x
cot(A–B) =
cot B – cotA
2 tan x
tan2x =
1 – tan2 x
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTION AT (45+A)AND (45–A):-
1+cos2x = 2cos²x
1+tanA 1 – cos2x = 2sin²x
tan(45+A) =
1 – tan B
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION AT MULTIPLES
1–tanA AND SUBMULTIPLE OF AN ANGLE:-
tan(45–A) =
1  tan A
x x
cotA –1 sinx = 2 sin cos
cot(45+A)= 2 2
cot A+1
cotA + 1 x
cot(45–A) = 2 tan
cot A – 1 2
sinx= x
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTION AT THE SUM 1  tan2
2
(A+B+C):-
sin(A+B+C)=sinA.cosB.cosC + cosAsinBcosC + x x
cosA.cosB.sinC – sinA.sinB.sinC  cosx = cos² – sin²
2 2
cos(A+B+C)=cosA.cosB.cosC–sinA.sinB.cosC–
sinA.cosB.sinC–cosA.sinB.sinC x
cosx = 2cos² –1
2
tanA+tanB+tanC–tanAtanBtanC
tan(A+B+C) = x
1–tanAtanB–tanBtanC–tanCtanA
cosx = 1 – 2sin²
Sum to Product Formula: 2

 C + D   C – D  x
sinC + sinD = 2sin   cos   1 – tan2
 2   2  2
cosx = 2 x
1  tan
 C – D   C + D 
sinC – sinD = 2sin   cos 
2

2   2 

4
 x cos(A+B)cos(A–B) = cos²A – sin²B = cos²B–sin²A
or, 1+cosx = 2cos²
2 1 – cosθ
= cosec θ – cot θ
x 1  cosθ
& 1 – cosx = 2sin²
2 1 – sinθ
1 + sinθ
= s ec θ – tan θ
x
2 tan
2
tanx = x 1 + cosθ
1 – tan2 1 – cosθ
= cosec θ +cot θ
2
SOME IDENTITY BASED ON ABOVE FORMULA
1 – sinθ
= (sec θ – tan θ )
x x 1 + sinθ
sinx = 3sin – 4sin³
3 3
cosecA + tanA 1 + sinA
x x = = secA + tanA
cosecA – tanA 1 – sinA
cosx = 4cos³ – 3cos
3 3
secA + tanA
3 tan
x
– tan3
x = secA + tanA  ² = secA + tanA
secA – tanA
3 3
tanx = 2 x
1 – 3 tan cot A  cos A
3 = secA tanA
cot A – cos A
IF A AND B ARE COMPLIMENTARY ANGLES :-
sin 2x A+B =90º then-
tanx =
1  cos 2x (I) sinA =cosB  sinA secB = 1  cosecA cosB = 1

sin 2x (II) tanA = cotB  tanA tan B = 1  cotA cotB = 1

cotx = (II) secA = cosecB  secA.sinB=1  cosecBcosA=1
1 – cos 2x
sin6x + cos6x = 1 – 3sin²x cos²x
1  sin 2x  cos 2x cosec6x – cot6x = 1 + 3 cosec²x cot²x
cotx =
1  sin 2x – cos 2x sec6x – tan6x = 1 + 3sec²x tan²x
x 1  sin x – cos x sin4x + cos4x = 1 – 2 sin²x cos²x
tan =
2 1  sin x  cos x cosec4x + cot4x = 1 + 2cosec²x cot²x
Triple Angle Formula:- sec4x + tan4x = 1 + 2sec²x tan²x
sin3x = 3sinx – 4sin³x sin8x – cos8x = (sin²x – cos²x) (1 – 2sin²x cos²x)
cos3x = 4cos³x – 3cosx cot4x + cotx = cosec4x – cosec²x
3tanx – tan3 x cot4x – tan4x = 2sec²x – sec4x – 2cosec²x + cosec4x
tan3x =
1 – 3 tan2 x (sinx + cosecx)² + (cosx + secx)² = tan²x + cot²x + 7
Fourth Angle Formula:- (1+cotx – cosecx) (1+tanx + secx) = 2
cos4x = 1– 8sin²x cos²x tan x  sec x – 1 1  sin x cos x
= =
4 tan x 1 – tan x 
2 tan x – sec x  1 cos x 1 – sin x
tan4x = 1
1 – 6 tan2 x  tan4 x = secx + tanx =
Sum important result Exam. sec x – tan x

cosx cos(60° – x) cos 60º x  =

1
cos3x cot x  cosecx – 1 1  cos x
= cotx + cosecx =
4 cot x – cosecx  1 sin x
1 1
sinx sin(60º – x) sin 60º x  = sin3x = cotx + cosecx =
4 cot x  cos ecx
tanx + tan 60º x  – tan(60° – x) = 3tan3x sin x – cos x  1 cos x 1  sin x
= =
sin x  cos x – 1 1 – sin x cos x
cotx + cot 60º x  – cot(60° – x)= 3cot3x
1
sin(A+B)sin(A–B) = sin²A–sin²B = cos²B – cos²A = secx + tanx =
sec x – tan x

5
 cos θ – sinθ + 1
cos θ + sinθ – 1 =cosec θ +cot θ
1  cos θ sin θ
= =
sin θ 1 – cos θ
(Results):
tan1º.tan2º. tan3º ............................ . tan89º = 1
cot1º.cot2º . cot3º ............................ . cot89º = 1
cos1º.cos2º.cos3º, ............................ . cos90º = 0
[  cos90º = 0]
cos1º.cos2º.cos3º, ............................ . cos90º.....
cos[90º ]=0
sin1º.sin2º.sin3º, ............................ . sin180º = 0
sin1º.sin2º.sin3º, ............................ . sin [180º ]= 0

Direct relation

a sin + b cos = a² + b²

P B H

a sec – b tan = c and a² = b² + c²

H P B

a cosec – b cot = c and a² = b² + c²

H B P