Pediatrics

CARDIOMYOPHATIES
1. What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in teenagers and young adults?
a) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
b) Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)
c) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
d) Endocardial fibroelastosis
e) Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy
Answer : C
2. Which statement regarding the pathology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is fasle?
a) The left ventricle is typically hypertrophied, and the cavity size is usually small or normal.
b) A pressure gradient may develop during systole at the subaortic or mid-cavity level.
c) Microscopic examination often reveals disarrayed myocardial cells, scarring, and abnormal intramural
coronary arteries.
d) The myocardium exhibits a weakened contractile state, impairing diastolic filling.
e) Left atrial enlargement and pulmonary venous congestion can lead to congestive symptoms
Answer : D
PERICARDITIS
1.Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) that require surgical treatment of pericarditis?
I. Causing persistent bacteremia
II. Causing sepsis
III. Weakening immunity
IV. Impairing heart function
A) Only I, II, III
B) Only I, III
C) Only II, IV
D) Only IV
E) I, II, III, IV
Answer : D
2.Which of the following is not a cause of secondary hypertension?
A) Pericardial tamponade
B) Obstructive sleep apnea
C) Aortic coarctation
D) Primary aldosteronism
E) Renovascular disease
Answer : A
ACUTE RHEUMATIV FEVER
1.Which of the following is incorrect regarding acute rheumatic fever?
A. It is the most common cause of acquired heart diseases in children in developing countries.
B. Aortic insufficiency frequent in boys
C. It is most common in children aged under 5 years.
D It is a multisystem disease that develops after group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal

tonsillopharyngitis.
E. The presence of Sydenham chorea alone is sufficient for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever.
Answer : C
2.Which of the following is not a major criterion for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever?
A) Sydenham chorea
B)Carditis
C) Erythema marginatum
D) Migrating Polyarthritis
E) PR and QT prolongation
Answer : E
3. Which of the following is correct regarding the prophylactic treatment for Acute Rheumatic Fever
(ARF)?
A) The incidence of ARF in children with a previous episode decreases by 60%.
B) Antibiotic prophylaxis is stopped immediately after the first ARF episode.
C) Benzathine penicillin G is administered every 21 days to prevent recurrence.
D) Prophylaxis is stopped at age 18, regardless of cardiac sequelae.
E) Prophylaxis is unnecessary if cardiac sequelae exist.
Answer : C
PEDIATRICS ECG
1. A 6-month-old infant presents to the emergency room with a heart rate of 170 beats per minute.
According to age-based heart rate ranges, how should this heart rate be classified?
A. Normal heart rate for age
B. Bradycardia for age
C. Tachycardia for age
D. Possible arrhythmia
E. Hypotension indicator
Answer : C
2. A 2-month-old infant has an ECG showing a QRS axis of +125 degrees. Based on normal QRS axis
ranges for different age groups, how should this finding be classified?
A. Normal axis for age
B. Mild right axis deviation
C. Significant right axis deviation
D. Left axis deviation
E. Borderline axis for age
Answer : A
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES
1.The snowman sign is associated with which congenital disease?
A) Tetralogy of Fallot
B) Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
C) Transposition of the great arteries
D) Atrial septal defect
E) Coarctation of the aorta
Answer : B
2.Which of the following is true about pulmonary stenosis?
A) RV systolic pressure increases due to the narrowing of the pulmonary valve.
B) QP and QS ratio changes significantly in pulmonary stenosis.
C) Oxygen saturation is typically decreased in all cases of pulmonary stenosis.
D) Pulmonary stenosis is not associated with Noonan syndrome.
E) Symptoms occur in all cases of pulmonary stenosis, regardless of severity.
Answer : A
3.Which of the following is NOT a component of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?
A) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
B) Overriding Aorta
C) Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (RVH)
D) Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
E) Pulmonary Stenosis (PS)
Answer : D
4. In Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA), which of the following is true about blood
circulation?
A) Oxygenated blood from the lungs is pumped to the body through the left ventricle.
B) Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the body through the right ventricle.
C) Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix freely in the heart.
D) Oxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs through the right ventricle.
E) TGA does not cause cyanosis in newborns.
Answer : B
5.Which of the following congenital heart diseases is typically categorized as "acyanotic" and
involves a left-to-right shunt?
A) Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
B) Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
C) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
D) Tricuspid Atresia
E) Pulmonary Atresia
Answer : C
6.Which of the following statements is false regarding to Moderate to large ventricular septal
defects?
A)it is the most common type of congenital heart disease
B) Most remain asymptomatic or close spontaneously in four years
C)pulmonary hypertension develops with time
D)Respiratory tract infections and heart failure are frequent
E)Surgery must be performed for symptomatic patients and patients aged 6-12 months with
pulmonary hypertension
Answer : D

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CARDIOMYOPHATIES

a) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

b) Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)

c) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

2. Which statement regarding the pathology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is fasle?

d) The myocardium exhibits a weakened contractile state, impairing diastolic filling.

I. Causing persistent bacteremia

II. Causing sepsis

III. Weakening immunity

IV. Impairing heart function

A) Only I, II, III

2.Which of the following is not a cause of secondary hypertension?

B) Obstructive sleep apnea

1.Which of the following is incorrect regarding acute rheumatic fever?

B. Aortic insufficiency frequent in boys

C. It is most common in children aged under 5 years.

D It is a multisystem disease that develops after group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal

A) The incidence of ARF in children with a previous episode decreases by 60%.

B) Antibiotic prophylaxis is stopped immediately after the first ARF episode.

C) Benzathine penicillin G is administered every 21 days to prevent recurrence.

D) Prophylaxis is stopped at age 18, regardless of cardiac sequelae.

E) Prophylaxis is unnecessary if cardiac sequelae exist.

A. Normal heart rate for age

B. Bradycardia for age

C. Tachycardia for age

A. Normal axis for age

B. Mild right axis deviation

C. Significant right axis deviation

D. Left axis deviation

E. Borderline axis for age

1.The snowman sign is associated with which congenital disease?

B) Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)

C) Transposition of the great arteries

D) Atrial septal defect

E) Coarctation of the aorta

2.Which of the following is true about pulmonary stenosis?

A) RV systolic pressure increases due to the narrowing of the pulmonary valve.

B) QP and QS ratio changes significantly in pulmonary stenosis.

C) Oxygen saturation is typically decreased in all cases of pulmonary stenosis.

D) Pulmonary stenosis is not associated with Noonan syndrome.

E) Symptoms occur in all cases of pulmonary stenosis, regardless of severity.

3.Which of the following is NOT a component of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?

A) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

C) Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (RVH)

D) Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

E) Pulmonary Stenosis (PS)

B) Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the body through the right ventricle.

C) Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix freely in the heart.

D) Oxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs through the right ventricle.

E) TGA does not cause cyanosis in newborns.

involves a left-to-right shunt?

A) Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

B) Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

C) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

A)it is the most common type of congenital heart disease

B) Most remain asymptomatic or close spontaneously in four years

C)pulmonary hypertension develops with time

D)Respiratory tract infections and heart failure are frequent

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