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    Introduction

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    adithya140707

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    Introduction

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    7 views4 pages

    Introduction

    Uploaded by

    adithya140707

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    INTRODUCTION:

    Dyes are coloured substances which can adhere to the surface of materials and
    are used to give colour to paper, foodstuffs and various textiles such as cotton ,
    wool , synthetic fibres , silk etc.
    For example: alizarin, indigo, congo red, etc.
    Chemically a dye contains:
    Some group (such as azo, indigoid ,triphenylmethyl ,anthraquinone , etc.)
    which is responsible for the colour of the dye.
    Some groups (such as –NH2 , -SO3H , -COOH ,etc ) which makes the dye
    stick to the fabric by formation of some salt.

    Dyeing is the process of adding colour to textile products like fibres, yarn and
    fabrics. The temperature and time controlling are two key factors in dyeing.
    The primary source of dye, historically has been nature , with the dyes being
    extracted from plants and animals. Since the 18 thcentury, humans produced artificial
    dyes to achieve a broader range of colours and to render the dyes more stable to
    resist washing and general use.
    The dyed fabrics appear to be coloured because a particular dye absorbs
    radiations of some specific wavelengths from the visible region of electromagnetic
    radiations which fall on the surface. The remaining radiations(complementary
    colours ) of light are reflected. The colour which we observe is due to the reflected
    light. For example: If a dye absorbs the light in the wavelength region
    corresponding to red , then it would appear green , which is the complementary
    colour to red. Similarly , if a dye absorbs blue colour , it would appear orange.
    METHODS TO APPLY DYE:
    Dyes are applied to textile goods by dyeing from dye solutions and by printing
    from dye pastes. Methods include:
    1.Direct application
    2.Yarn dyeing

    CHARACTERISTICS OF A DYE:
    1.It must have a suitable colour.
    2.It must be capable of being fixed to the material.
    3.When fixed it must be fast to detergents, soaps, water , dry cleaning
    solvents ,light and dilute acids.

    TYPES OF DYE:
    The dyes are classified by dye manufacturers for marketing into the following
    types :

    1. Acid dyes :These are azo dyes and are characterized by the presence of
    acidic groups. The presence of soluble and serves as the reactive points for fixing
    the dye to the fibre. They are briefly used for dyeing wool ,silk and nylon. For
    example : Orange I and Orange II.

    2.Basic dyes :These dyes contain NH2 or NR2 . In acidic solutions, these
    form water soluble cations and use the anionic sites on the fabric to get used for
    dyeing wool ,silk and nylon. For example : aniline yellow , butter yellow.

    3.Direct dyes :These are also azo dyes and are used to dye fabrics directly by
    placing in aqueous solution of the dye. These dyes attach to the fabrics by means of
    hydrogen bonding.
    4.Disperse dyes :These dyes are applied in the form of dispersion of minute
    particles of the dye in a soap solution in the presence of phenol or benzoic acid .
    These dyes are used to dye rayons, Dacron ,nylon , polyesters etc. For
    example :Celliton fast pink B and celliton fast blue B.

    5.Fibre reactive dyes :These dyes are linked to the fibre by –OH or –NH
    group present on the fibre. These dyes induce fast colour on fabrics which is
    retained for a longer time. These dyes are used for dyeing cotton ,wool and silk.

    PROCEDURE:
    4.Preparation of dye solution: Take about a 0.1g of malachite green dye and
    add to it 400 ml of water. On warming a clear solution of the dye results.

    5.Dyeing of wool:

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