Organic - Most Common

Luna Haj Younes Al Abrach 9701
Please Refrain from suggesting irrelevant stuff, the a level is literally tomorrow
MOST COMMON ORGANIC QUESTIONS:
1. Test for double bond / alkene

● Bromine water
● Turn from brown to colourless
● Type of reaction: electrophilic addition
2. Define stereoisomerism
● Molecules with same structural formula
● Same molecular formula
● Different arrangements of atoms in space
3. Explain why X is the major product of the reaction while only small amounts of
Y is produced
● N carbocation has the least number of H atoms bonded to it, it is more stable
● Due to positive inductive effect
● There are more electron donating methyl groups
● Reducing charge density on C+
4. Types of reactions
● Tollens Reagent: oxidation / reduction
● 2,4 DNPH: condensation
● Ketone with NaBH4: reduction / oxidation / addition
● Aldehyde and HCN: addition
● ALKENE + steam: addition
● Alkene reactions are either electrophilic addition or redox, kmno4 reagent used are
redox and the rest of the alkene are electrophilic addition.
● Halogenoalkane reactions are all nucleophilic substitution except to alkene which is
elimination reaction
5. Structural isomers
● Same molecular formula but different structural formula/bond arrangement
6. How does an sp2 and sp3 hybridization occurs and their bond angles in carbon
atoms:
● Sp2: overlap of 2 s with 2 p atomic orbitals: 116-124
● Sp3: overlap of 2 s with all three 2 p atomic orbitals: 106-112
7. Identify the yellow pptx formed when adding alkaline aqueous iodine to a
carbonyl containing organic compound
● CHI3 - tri iodomethane
8. Explain the meaning of the term optical isomers

● Chiral centre attached to 4 different groups
● Non super imposable mirror image
● Different spatial arrangement

● Different rotations of plane polarised light
9. Addition reaction
● Reaction where 2 or more reactants give one product
10. State the conditions required for chlorine to react with methane
● UV light
11. Role of H3PO4

● Acid, proton donor
12. Justify why X is described as a catalyst

● It is regenerated at the end of the reaction
● It is not chemically used up
13. Suggest why an unbranched isomer has a higher boiling point than its
branched isomer
● Straight chain has stronger temporary dipole attractions
● More energy is required to break intermolecular forces
14. Explain why X show’s geometric isomerism

● Restricted rotation of C=C
● One of the methyl groups is on each side of C=C
15. Explain the origin of the dipole moment on X in this mechanism

● Electrons in pi bond induce it
● Electron density in pi bond repels
16. Acid with NaCO3

● RCOOH + Na —> RCOONa + H2O + CO2
● No Reaction of Carboxylic
17. Identify a reagent that can convert CH3OH to CH3I

● HI (g) and I2
18. Identify which species acts as an electrophile and explain why

● ION with +ve charge
● Accepts a pair of electrons
19. Why X does not show geometric Isomerism

● Has 2 identical methyl groups on each side of the double bond
20. When solving an absorptions question

● Mention the functional group (e.g. Ketone AND C=O)
● Mention the absorption range
21. When comparing X and Y in absorption questions

● Mention what each of them lack from each other and their range
● Mention what each of them have
22. Explain why an organic compound X is very soluble in water

● it is polar
● forms hydrogen bonds with water
23. Define the term X-Alkane (X=Halogen)

● Carbon atom bonded to X is bonded to three other carbon atoms
24. Suggest why the disposal of X is difficult (X=polymer)

● it is non biodegradable
25. Suggest why 2-iodopropane reacts faster than 2-Bromopropane

● C-I covalent bond is weaker
● lower activation energy with 2 iodopropane
● H-Cl bond is stronger than H-I
26. When reducing a Ketone you get a mixture of 2 organic compounds, why?
● A ketone is planar, so it can be attacked from either side
● optical isomers are formed
27. Suggest why it might be difficult to distinguish between 2 absorptions of an

organic compound (have similar bonds)
● Bonds in similar environments
● Absorptions will overlap
28. Describe how the composition of products differ from when an organic
compound undergoes incomplete combustion
● Production of Carbon monoxide and less carbon dioxide
● Production of Unburnt hydrocarbons and C
29. Remembering the ratio of halogen during NMR spectroscopy

Chlorine 3:1 and bromine 1:1
FORMULA FOR CALCULATING NO OF CARBON ATOM NMR SPECTROSCOPY
1.1/100 =[M+1] /n
30. COLOUR CHANGES OF SOLUTION FOR ORGANIC TEST

● TOLLEN REAGENT
<Oxidises the aldehyde; forms (Silver mirror)
● FEHLING REAGENT
<Oxidises the aldehyde; (red ppt)
2,4 DNPH
On presence of C=O group turns (orange)
31. Explain why methane CH4 has no overall dipole moment

● Charges cancel out
● tetrahedral structure
● Non polar
32. Products of some reactions

● Alcohol + Halide → Halogenoalkane + Water
● Acetyl chloride + Ammonia → Acyl chloride + hydrochloric acid
● alkane + halogen → halogenoalkane + halide
● alcohol → alkene + water
● Halogenoalkane with cyanide group + water → carboxylic acid + ammonia
● Amide + water → carboxylic acid + ammonia

Organic - Most Common

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Luna Haj Younes Al Abrach 9701

MOST COMMON ORGANIC QUESTIONS:

1. Test for double bond / alkene

8. Explain the meaning of the term optical isomers

● Different spatial arrangement

11. Role of H3PO4

12. Justify why X is described as a catalyst

14. Explain why X show’s geometric isomerism

15. Explain the origin of the dipole moment on X in this mechanism

16. Acid with NaCO3

17. Identify a reagent that can convert CH3OH to CH3I

18. Identify which species acts as an electrophile and explain why

19. Why X does not show geometric Isomerism

20. When solving an absorptions question

21. When comparing X and Y in absorption questions

22. Explain why an organic compound X is very soluble in water

23. Define the term X-Alkane (X=Halogen)

24. Suggest why the disposal of X is difficult (X=polymer)

25. Suggest why 2-iodopropane reacts faster than 2-Bromopropane

● H-Cl bond is stronger than H-I

27. Suggest why it might be difficult to distinguish between 2 absorptions of an

29. Remembering the ratio of halogen during NMR spectroscopy

30. COLOUR CHANGES OF SOLUTION FOR ORGANIC TEST

31. Explain why methane CH4 has no overall dipole moment

32. Products of some reactions

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