THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS' LANGUAGE

VARIATION AT HKBP NOMENNSEN PEMATANGSIANTAR

UNIVERSITY.

ARRANGED BY :
CINDY R. SIHOMBING 2101030018

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

THE FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
THE UNIVERSITY OF HKBP NOMENSEN PEMATANG SIANTAR

PEMATANG SIANTAR
2024
 PREFACE

Thanks to God who has given His mercy, guidance, and grace to the author so that the author
can complete this research proposal. The purpose of the research proposal ”THE
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS' LANGUAGE VARIATION AT
HKBP NOMENNSEN PEMATANGSIANTAR UNIVERSITY.” Is to understand how social
media influences the language variations used by HKBP Nomensen Pematangsiantar
University students, and contribute knowledge about language variations. The author would
like to thank all parties who have contributed to writing this article. The help, suggestions and
support provided were invaluable in completing this research proposal.

The author realizes that his knowledge and insight may still be limited in preparing this
material. Finally, the author hopes that this research can help and provide a broad
understanding of language variations

Pematang siantar, january 2024

Author

1
 TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER .....................................................................................................................
PREFACE................................................................................................................1
TABLE OF CONTENT...........................................................................................2
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................
1.1. RESEARCH BACKGROUND..................................................................3
1.2. FORMULATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM........................................4
1.3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE.........................................................................4
1.4. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE...................................................................4

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.................................................................
2.1. LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................5
2.2. THEORETICAL GROUNDING................................................................5
2.2.1 SOCIOLINGUISTIC................................................................................5
2.2.2 SOCIAL MEDIA......................................................................................6
2.2.3 LANGUAGE.............................................................................................7
2.2.4 STUDENT.................................................................................................8
2.2.5 LANGUAGE VARIATION.....................................................................8
2.2.6 FACTORS CAUSE SOCIAL MEDIA TO INFLUENCE
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS............................................................................9

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................10
3.1. RESEARCH DESIGN.............................................................................10
3.2. RESEARCH SUBJECT AND LOCATION.............................................10
3.3. TECHIQUE OF DATA COLLECTION.................................................10
3.4. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT...................................................................11
3.5. TECHNIQUE OF DATA ANALYSIS.....................................................11
REFERENCE.........................................................................................................13

2
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1. Research background

HKBP Nomennsen Pematangsiantar University is a university that is popular with social

students who like to keep up with the times. where students usually use social media to
interact, social media has become an integral part of everyday life, playing a key role in
interacting and conveying messages.

Social media is a process of interaction between individuals by creating, sharing, exchanging

and modifying ideas or concepts in the form of virtual communication or networks (Kottler
and Keller). One of the influences of social media on language variation is a deep
understanding of changes in communication patterns that occur along with the rapid growth
in use of these platforms. Along with the popularity of social media, students are witnessing
significant transformations in language styles and word usage.

According to Suwandi (2014: 53), there are two views regarding language variation,
namely, first, variation is seen as a result of the social diversity of speakers and the diversity
of language functions. Second, language variations exist to fulfill their function as a means of
interaction in various community activities. Therefore, researchers distinguish language
variations based on place, time, user, use, situation and status. The differences in language
variations are found in differences in morphology, syntax, and vocabulary. In language
variations based on social status, there are also language variations called acrolect, basilec,
vulgar, slang, colloquial, jargon, and argot.

In this context, changes in language variety include the use of abbreviations, slang, and
language adaptation to reflect digital identity. However, this is very disturbing when these
students imitate and apply bad language variations in the campus environment, of course this
will have a bad impact on students who are supposed to be intellectuals who should reflect a
good attitude. If this continues, it will cause the loss of communication norms among
students, thus having a negative impact on the image of students and universities in the wider
community.

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In an era where social media is the primary means of communication, a deeper understanding
of its influence on language variation has a major impact on language maintenance and
development. departing from this background, the aim of this research is to find out how
social media influences language variations of HKBP Nomnnsen students at Pemtangsiantar
University.

1.2. Formulation of research problem

The formulation of the problem in this research is:
1. How does social media influence the language variations of HKBP Nomennsen
Pematangsiantar University students?
2. What causes can social media influence the language variations of HKBP Nomensen
Pematangsiantar University students

1.3. Research Objective

The purpose of this study is to describe how social media influences the language variations
of students at HKBP Nomensen Pematangsiantar University by understanding the intensity of
use of language variations, especially on social media, and what factors cause social media to
influence the language variations of students at HKBP Nomensen Pematangsiantar
University.

1.4. Research Significance

The results of this study are expected to provide benefits for the following parties:
a) Theoretical significance
1) From a theoretical perspective, this research will help to better understand the
influence of social media on language variations among students.
2) This research will expand knowledge about linguistic perceptions of language
variations on social media, especially at HKBP Nomennsen Pematangsiantar
University.
3) This research provides the author with a new perspective regarding the influence of
social media on student language variations.

b) Practical significance
1) By better understanding the influence social media has on language variation,
educators and policy makers can create more successful language programs.
2) The findings of this research can be a guide for further research on language
variations by other researchers.

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 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. Literature review

Previous research discussing language variations includes M. Reza A., M Rusydi A.,
Syamsul R., (2020), Jaelani and Manto (2015), Qory'ah, et al (2019).

Based on research by M. Reza A et al (2020) with the research title "Use of Language
Variations on Twitter Social Media: Sociolinguistic Study", it was found that the form of
language variation consists of five forms, namely words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and new
forms then the second function . Language variations include attracting attention, building
relationships with the interlocutor, serving to praise and ridicule, showing the speaker's
feelings, as a tool to ask the interlocutor to do something, showing a sense of familiarity,
summarizing speech, refining speech, adding insight. , shows the different languages used by
users. Twitter, for reference.

So the second finding is based on the occurrence of language variations caused by two
factors. First, internal factors in the form of phonological and morphological processes.
Second, external factors in the form of informal speaking situations, differences in age of
Twitter users, differences in speaking goals, as well as differences in education and
employment levels.

The difference is, research by M. Reza A et al (2020) focuses on the variety of languages
used by Twitter users by using data obtained using advanced methods of free-involved
listening, note-taking techniques, and documentation where data analysis is carried out. using
the agih method and the match method, while this research focuses on the influence of social
media on language variations of HKBP Nomennsen Pematangsiantar University students
using a qualitative approach, while the similarities between this research and the research of
M. Reza A et al (2020) both describe the influence of social media on language variations.

Next is research by Jaelani and Manto (2015). In this research, researchers studied language
variations and the different functions of language variations on Facebook social media based
on the education level of the speakers. Similar research was also conducted by Qory'ah, et al
(2019) regarding variations in Indoglish (Indonesian English) and idiolects of public figures
on Instagram social media. This research focuses on three objectives, namely describing the
form of variation used, its function, and explains what is behind the use of these language
variations.

2.2 Theoretical Grounding

Theories related to research on language attitudes will be explained in the chapter on the
study of sociolinguistic theory, language, social media, student, and the factors that cause
social media to influence language variation are some of the theories that will be discussed
and presented.

2.2.1. Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics consists of the words socio and linguistics. Sociology is the
objective study of humans in society, including its structure and procedures,
regarding individuals, organizations, and social dynamics that make up society.
social processes that take place in society, while linguistics is defined as the study of

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language. disciplines that use language as their main subject of study. thus,
sociolinguistics can be characterized as an interdisciplinary scientific field that
examines language in relation to community language use.
(Chaer, 2004: 2).
Sociolinguistics is a field that studies the relationship between language and society,
between language use and the social structure in which language users live.
Sociolinguistics is a field of study that assumes that human society consists of many
interrelated patterns and behaviors, some of which are linguistic in nature (Hudson,
R. A. 1996), while the opinion of other experts Kridalaksana (Hasan, 2001: 75) in
research (Rossita, D. 2021) states that sociolinguistics is a science that studies the
characteristics of various varieties of language and the relationship between
language users and the characteristics of the function of the language variety in a
language society.
The usual answer is that sociolinguistics is the scientific study of the relationship
between language and society (Van Herk, G. 2012).

It is clear from the previous definition of the limits of sociolinguistics that three
concepts are included: language, society, and relationship, i.e. language, society, and
the interaction between language and society are the three components of
sociolinguistics.
language linguistically and socially. Language in relation to speakers, language as a
constituent of society, and the interaction between language and society are all
covered in sociolinguistics. Language as a member of society, language in relation to
speakers, the relationship between social behavior and language behavior, and the
role of language as a means of socialization are all areas covered by sociolinguistics.
The role of language as a tool for interpersonal interaction and sharing opinions
among community members, as well as the relationship between social behavior and
linguistic activities (Akbar, A. (2017).

The above conclusion is also corroborated by the statement that the sociolinguistic
approach deals with the details of actual language use, such as descriptions of
patterns of language use certain language use choices made by speakers, topics, and
conversation settings (Fishman in Chaer and Agustina, 2010) therefore the study of
language in sociolinguistics includes language attitudes. Sociolinguistics can study
how linguistic practices vary across communities, locations, and ethnic groups.
Whether we view some social categories as fixed or as actively changeable, we can
examine the relationship between language use and class, status, gender, sexual
orientation, and ethnicity within a group (Van Herk, G. 2012).
Sociolinguistics is therefore useful in everyday life, especially in terms of linguistic
attitudes. We can improve community harmony, encourage language acquisition,
protect language diversity, and improve communication by understanding language
diversity and attitudes. This is supported by the statement that the usefulness of
sociolinguistics for human life is very much because in human life humans have
certain rules in using language, for example who is talking, who he is talking to and
what he is talking about (Rossita, D. 2021).

2.2.2 Social Media

Social media is a site or web that provides a platform for its use in carrying out
online social interactions. The use of social media is to carry out online

6
communication. According to Mansyur (2018) social media in practice uses
language as the main medium for interacting with each other. Language is an
absolute requirement so that user communication can run smoothly.
In Indonesia, social media that is often used, for example: Facebook, Twitter and
Instagram. Social media use is not limited by age. Anyone has the right to use social
media. Teenagers are the ones who use social media the most.

Social media can strengthen ties of brotherhood, with social media people can
communicate without any distance. Social media can also add friends from various
regions and even from various countries. There are many benefits to using social
media if it can be used well. It can even be used as a field to earn someone's income.
But social media will also have a negative impact on people who cannot use it well.

Likewise with the use of language used in social media. If they use good and correct
language in accordance with applicable rules, it can be beneficial for themselves and
for others. This can provide an example of continuing to love correct and good
language, it can be used to influence someone to follow good language when using
social media. It can be used as socialization to continue using, loving and preserving
the good and correct national language. For themselves, they can benefit from using
good language, namely that they will not receive ridicule from their friends who use
social media. Because they use good and correct language, this means they will not
offend someone's feelings when using social media.

On the other hand, if they use social media just to ridicule their friends by using
impolite and rude language, it can cause unpleasant feelings for the people reading
or their friends. By simply using bad language on social media, someone can even
get caught in the law. An example of the negative impact of using language on social
media, for example, is someone who does not accept it when they are spoken to
using harsh language that is not even suitable to be heard. They will report this to the
authorities. With this they will get into big problems. We should use good and
correct language on social media and in everyday life.

2.2.3 Language
Being able to think is the first step towards understanding and knowledge for
humans. Language is a symbol of understanding that allows humans to understand
their environment and gain knowledge and expertise. According to another
definition, language is a means of communication organized in the form of units,
such as words, groups of words, clauses, and sentences expressed both orally and in
writing (Wiratno, T., & Santosa, R. (2014) and functionally, language is used to
express a purpose or function of social processes in the context of the situation and
cultural context (Halliday, 1994).

Samsuri's opinion (1988:13) explains that language is a social reality that can be
learned without linking it to history. Studies carried out at a certain time whether
now or in the past. It explains that language is a science that is not tied to a time.
Sehigga defended the language not on the basis of its history but on the time of its
existence at that time. Language can be seen as a tool to communicate ideas.
Language is a tool for interacting and communicating in the sense that language may
be used to express ideas, thoughts, feelings, and concepts.

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2.2.4 Student
In the Indonesian Dictionary (KBI), students are defined as people studying at
universities (Online Indonesian Dictionary, kbbi.web.id). Students in the Republic of
Indonesia government regulation number 30 of 1990 are students who are registered
and studying at certain universities. Furthermore, according to Suwono (1978) a
student is everyone who is around eighteen to thirty years old. Students are a group
in society that obtains its status because of its ties to universities.
Students are also prospective intellectuals or young intellectuals in a layer of society
which is often filled with various predicates.
The definition of students according to Knopfemacher (in Suwono, 1978) is
prospective graduates who in their involvement with higher education (which is
increasingly integrated with society) are educated and are expected to become
intellectual candidates. A student is someone who is in the process of gaining
knowledge or studying and is registered as undergoing education at one of the forms
of tertiary institutions consisting of academics, polytechnics, high schools, institutes
and universities (Hartaji, 2012).

Students can be defined as individuals who are studying at the tertiary level, either
public or private or other institutions at the same level as tertiary institutions.
Students are assessed as having a high level of intellect, intelligence in thinking and
planning in action. Thinking critically and acting quickly and precisely are traits that
tend to be inherent in every student, which are complementary principles (Siswoyo,
2007).
A student is categorized at a developmental stage whose age is 18 to 25 years. This
stage can be classified as late adolescence to early adulthood and seen from a
developmental perspective, the developmental task at this student age is to
strengthen one's stance in life (Yusuf, 2012). Based on the description above, it can
be concluded that a student is a student aged 18 to 25 years who is registered and
undergoing his education at a tertiary institution, whether academic, polytechnic,
high school, institute and university.

2.2.5 Language Variation

Language variation or language variety is the use of language according to the user,
which varies according to the topic being discussed, according to the relationship
between the speaker, interlocutor and the person being discussed and according to
the medium of conversation (KBBI, 2003: 920). A language has systems and
subsystems that are understood equally by speakers of the language. However,
because the speakers of this language, even though they are part of the speech of
society, are not a homogenous group of people, the concrete form of language,
which is called parole, is not uniform or varied. The occurrence of language
diversity or variety is not only caused by the speakers not being homogeneous, but
also the social interaction activities they carry out are very diverse (Chaer and
Agustina, 2004: 61) Members of a language community usually consist of various
people with various social statuses and different cultural backgrounds.

Therefore, because the background and environment are not the same, the language
they use varies or varies, which is between variations or variations
one from another often has big differences Regarding the known language
variations, there are three necessary terms, namely idiolect, dialects and varieties
(Chaer, 1994: 55).

8
Language variations based on this field of activity are the most visible
its characteristic is in a wide field. Each field of activity usually contains a number
of special or certain vocabulary that is not used in other fields. However, variations
based on the field of activity are also visible at the level of morphology and syntax
(Chaer and Agustina, 2004: 68) Based on the level of formality, Martin Joos in
Chaer and Agustina (2004: 70) divides variations or varieties of this language into
five types of styles, namely:
1. standard (frozen) style or variety,
2. official style or variety (formal),
3. style or variety of business (consultative),
4. casual style or variety (relaxed),
5. familiar (intimate) style or variety.

Language variations regarding its use, use or function are called functional varieties
or registers. These variations are usually discussed based on the field of style use or
level of formality and means of use (Nababan through Chaer, 1995: 89-90).
Characteristics of language variations that occur due to differences in areas of use
include lexicogrammatical, phonological, indicative characteristics in the form of
certain word forms, certain grammatical markers, or even phonological markers
which have the function of signaling to language practitioners that this is the register
in question.
These markers or characteristics are what differentiate one register from another.
Language variations can also be divided into two types, namely register and dialect.
Dialect is a variety of language based on its users, while register is a variety of
language based on its use. In life, a person may live with one dialect, but not only
live with one register, because in his life as a member of society, there are definitely
more than one area of practice. The existence of social factors and situational factors
that influence language use gives rise to language variations. The emergence of
language variations shows that language is diverse and arbitrary.

2.2.6 Factors that cause social media to influence language variations

According to Mulyana (in Joko and Eva, 155:2018) states that slang is a number of
words or terms that have special, unique, deviant or even contradictory meanings
when used by people from certain subcultures. Another opinion was also expressed
by Sarwono (in Joko and Eva, 155:2018) that slang is a typical teenage language
(the words are changed in such a way, so that they are only understood by them) and
can be understood by almost all teenagers in the country they reach. by the mass
media, even though these terms develop and increase every day. The use of social
media is also growing from year to year. Such as Facebook, Twitter, Path,
Instagram, WhatsApp, and so on. However, among all social media, the one with the
most users is WhatsApp. Because young and old people of all ages prefer to use the
WhatsApp application to make communication easier.
One example of an internal component is a person's ability to select and process
input from outside. The choice of external influences is usually adjusted to one's
motivation and attitude, especially one's interests. Meanwhile, social involvement
with people outside the group, such as when people are connected to each other and
with cultural products obtained through communication tools (TV, newspapers,
radio, etc.), is an example of external factors that can influence language.

9
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Research design

This study use qualitative approach.According to Darmadi (2014:287) qualitative research is
a process of research and understanding that is based on methodologies that investigate a
social phenomenon and human problem. qualitatively can classify the relationship of
symptoms and causes and consequences to a phenomena or problem (Sugiyono, 2013). Using
a quantitative approach, research can reveal a particular social situation by describing reality
correctly, obtained from real situations without making-do and formed by words based on
techniques of collection as well as relevant data analysis.(Tohirin,2012).This study belongs to
the category of qualitative descriptive research.According to Arikunto's (2009:234) statement
that descriptives are studies intended to gather information about existing status or symptoms.

3.2. Research Subject And Location Subject Researche

The subjects of this research were students at HKBP NOMENNSEN PEMATANGSIANTAR
University.
Research Location: This research will be carried out by HKBP NOMENNSEN
PEMATANGSIANTAR University, HKBP NOMENNSEN PEMATANGSIANTAR University is a
popular place among students who like to keep up with the times. In this context, HKBP
NOMENNSEN PEMATANGSIANTAR University is the right place to collect data about the
influence of social media on students' language styles.

3.3. Techique Of Data Collection

In order to gather the information and materials needed for this research, researcher use
several data collection approaches, namely:

A. Observation
Sudaryono argues that the observation is done to see the activities carried out, so the
researcher should do direct observation of the object of the research. Objects of research are
human behavior and actions, natural phenomena and the use of small respondents.
Observations are divided into two categories: participant and non-participant observations.
Participant observation means that the researcher is directly involved in the day-to-day
activities of the person being observed. Non-party observations are observers who are not
directly engaged in daily activities and only as independent observers.In this study the
researcher use non-participant obseravtion. Researcher observe activities without
participating in them; researcher are not actively involved in the activities
themselves.Monitoring things rather than engaging in everyday activities.

B. Interview
According to Soegijono, M. S. (1993) an interview is an oral question and answer process in
which two or more people meet face to face. physically to find out someone's responses,
opinions, and motivations towards an object. Interviews can also be used as a way of
collecting data by way of one-sided questions and answers that are done systematically and
based on research objectives.

10
In its implementation, interviews can be structured or unstructured and can also be conducted
face-to-face or via telephone. Structured interviews are conducted in a way that the
interviewer sets his own questions and also the problems that will be asked to the respondent.
In contrast to structured interviews, unstructured interviews are less interrupted and arbitrary.
Unstructured interviews are usually used to find out information that is not standardized or
single information.
While the interviews that researcher use in this study are unstructured interviews, because
researcher have prepared an outline of the main questions as guidelines and the interviewees
answer these questions casually without any pressure. By conducting interviews, researcher
will find out more in-depth things that researcher have not found in observation.

C. Questionnaires
A questionnaire is a group of written questions that participants are asked to answer in
writing, often by checking or circling the answers. According to Burhan, questionnaires were
distributed to respondents to ask for answers. After the questionnaires are collected, editing,
coding and tabulation are usually continued. Tabulation results can be presented in tabular
form. The table reflects various descriptions of the respondents studied. The description in
the table is a reflection of the real situation that exists in society. This is the result of
"summarizing" the reality experienced by respondents in society.

In this research, data collection was carried out by providing a list of statements, then
respondents were asked to answer yes or no statements in a questionnaire given to students at
HKBP Nomennsen Pematangsiantar University.

3.4 Research instruments

Suharsimi Arikunto (2002:126) explains that instruments are tools or facilities that
researchers use to collect data so that their work is easier and the results are better, in the
sense of being more careful, complete and systematic so that the data is accurate. easy to
process. The instruments used can be realized in the form of questionnaires, interview guides,
observation sheets, tests, and so on.
In this research, the tools used were cellphones and laptops as voice recorders and analyzed
the interaction of students' language variations at HKBP Nomennsen Pemtangsiantar
University through personal social media. Apart from that, the tools used are printed or
digital questionnaires. For printed questionnaires, researchers need enough printed copies of
the questionnaire to be filled out by respondents. If using a digital questionnaire, researchers
can use an online survey platform such as Google Forms.

3.5 Data Analysis Technique

Qualitative data, with its emphasis on people's "lived experiences", is inherently well suited
to discovering the meanings people give to the events, processes and structures of their lives:
"perceptions, assumptions, prejudices, presumptions" (van Manen, 1977) and to relate these
meanings to the social world around them.
According to (Miles & Huberman, 1994) we define analysis as consisting of three streams of
activities that occur simultaneously: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion
drawing/verification.

11
 A. Data Reduction
Data reduction refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and
transforming data that appears in field notes or transcriptions. As we can see, data reduction
occurs continuously throughout a qualitatively oriented project. Even before the data are
actually collected, as data collection progresses, further data reduction episodes occur
(writing summaries, coding, exploring themes, creating clusters, creating partitions, writing
memos). The data reduction/transformation process continues after fieldwork, until the final
report is completed (Miles & Huberman, 1994). So the data reduction stage is a process of
simplifying, grouping and filtering unnecessary data. The goal is to produce meaningful
information and make it easier to draw conclusions. Data reduction helps in selecting relevant
data to achieve research objectives.
Where is the data relating to the influence of social media on student language variations at
HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar university. This technique was used by researchers to
summarize the results of observations, interviews and questionnaires conducted at HKBP
Nommensen Pematangsiantar University.

B. Data Display
The second main flow of analysis activities is data display. In general, display is an organized
assembly of information that gives the possibility of drawing conclusions and taking action.
Seeing the display helps us to understand what is happening and do something either to
analyze further or take action based on that understanding (Miles & Huberman, 1994).
In presenting data, researcher rely on the results of data that has been reduced. Data in the
form of observation notes, interview results and documentation are then presented in
narrative form.

C. Conclusion Drawing and Verification

The third flow of analysis activities is conclusion drawing and verification. From the
beginning of data collection, qualitative analysis begin to decide what things mean, noting
regularities, patterns, explanations, possible configurations, causal flows, and propositions.
Verification may be as brief as a fleeting thought that crosses the analyst's mind while
writing, with a brief excursion back into the field notes, or it may be thorough and elaborate,
with lengthy argumentation and review among peers to develop "intersubjective consensus,"
or with extensive attempts to replicate a finding in other data sets (Miles & Huberman, 1994).
This step involves interpreting the data and drawing conclusions that are supported by the
data presented. In addition, verification is also carried out to ensure the validity and validity
of the conclusions drawn.

12
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