COLD WAR

Grade 9 - Unit 1 Term 2

 INTRODUCTION

What was the reason for the Cold War

IDEOLOGY: A Way of thinking, especially about political ideas
 Germany
Britain Russia
France
VSA
Italy
Allied Japan
Cuba
Leaders Axis Leaders
France Britain Russia Nazi’s Italy Japan

Harry S
Truman Charles de Winston Joseph Adolf Benito Hirohito
Gaulle Churchill Stalin Hitler Mussolini
COUNTRIES USE THINGS THAT SYMBOLISES THEIR
COUNTRY

Russia - Bear America – Uncle Sam

 ❑ Believe in the freedom of
❑ Believe in shared wealth. The individuals
Government owns all and
distribute wealth amongst the
❑ Free use of the media
people

❑ The Government controls the ❑ Leader are chosen

media democratically

❑ Free market system. You are

❑ Communist country have a
able to have your own
dictator that rule.
business

Communism Capitalism
 COLD WAR
A situation/conflict between nations
that does not involve direct military
action (not involved in war), but is
mainly conducted through economic
and political actions
Which country is represented by this flag during the Cold War.

Russia
The cold war is known for its intense tension between which two
countries?

Russia
&
USA
True or False: Die Cold War had nothing to do with
WWII

False
TRUE OR FALSE: A MAJOR FEAR DURING THE COLD
WAR WAS NUCLEAR WEAPONS (ATOMIC BOMBS)

True
The Cold War……
❑ Is a situation/conflict between nations that does
not involve direct military action (not involved in
war), but is mainly conducted through economic
and political actions
❑ Refer to a huge military conflict between countries.
❑ The War took place mostly in Winter

❑ Refer to a war that did not last longer than 3

months
Choose TWO ideologies that specially created tension during the
Cold War.

❑ Feminism

❑ Communism

❑ Racism

❑ Capitalism

❑ Liberalism
True or False: The prefix “-sm” can help someone to identify an
ideology

True
Do Activity 2 on page 133
Answers:

1a ❑The Russian population became dissatisfied with the rule of the Tsar
❑The high number of Russian deaths during WW1
❑Food Shortages
b A country is a dictator when the leader of a country has complete power
and does not allow any political opposition.
c Countries from West-Europe and the USA
d The world is divided into two groups with totally different worldviews.
(ideologies)
2a Communism: All people are equal but cannot make their own decisions.
b Capitalism: You can have your own business; it is said that the rich get
richer, and the poor becomes poorer.
Unit 2: (page 134 – 136)

END OF WORLD WAR II IN THE PACIFIC: ATOMIC BOMBS

AND THE BEGINNING OF THE NUCLEAR AGE
 6 August 1945:
Hiroshima Bombing

Why attack Hiroshima?

It was an industrial city with military operations.
Hiroshima before and after the Bombing
 ? Hiroshima

Nagasaki

It was Japan’s oldest city port, and the bomb was

aimed at the shipping yard.
But it missed its target and the bomb destroyed half
of the city
10 August 1945
Japan
surrendered!
INTERESTING
FACT!!!!
Official document of surrender was
signed on 2 September 1945
The formal surrender took place on
board the battleship USS Missouri,
anchored with other USA and British
ships in Tokyo Bay
It took less than half an hour
 Why did USA dropped the bombs?
❑ In 1939 Albert Einstein and others warned the US
government that Germans were working on atomic
bombs and that Hitler would use them against them.

❑ This project was called “The Manhattan project”

❑ After WWII, the Japanese occupation of China and
Southeast Asia claimed the lives of thousands of Asian
and Allied soldiers.
❑ At the end of June 1945, almost half of Tokyo was
destroyed and many Japanese cities were razed to the
ground.

❑ USA planned to invade Japan but thought half a million

Allied soldiers could die and Harry Truman decided to
use the bomb instead.
Was dropping the bombs justified?
REASONS WHY THE DROP OF THE ATOMIC BOMBS CAN
BE JUSTIFIED:
❑The war would have continued until millions of
Americans and Japanese would have been killed as the
Japanese wouldn’t surrender on their own.
❑ It was a method of ending the hardship and suffering
experienced during the war.
❑ People believed that the war should have ended with a
“bang”.
❑ The USA needed to show other countries, especially the
USSR, that they are powerful and not afraid.
REASONS WHY THE DROP OF THE
ATOMIC BOMBS CAN NOT BE JUSTIFIED:
❑ Some people reasoned that Japan’s military was weak
already by August 1945 and that the war would have
stopped eventually.
❑ Other reason that the Japanese were ready to surrender but
were not given enough time.
❑ The bombing was inhumane and a criminal act as it targeted
innocent civilians.
❑ It caused tremendous damage and long after the bombing
people die due to the radiation in Japan. It caused birth defects
and cancer.
DO ACTIVITY 3 ON PAGE 136
1. Some people believe that the Japanese were close to surrender
and that it was unnecessary to drop the bombs. Some people also
believe that killing so many civilians can never be justified - that it is
wrong. Others believe that Japan would continue the war for a long
time and that this was the only way to stop Japan. The ongoing war
claimed many lives daily.
2. President Truman could have given Japan an opportunity to
surrender, which would have alerted the Japanese to America's
intention to drop the nuclear bombs.
3. No, the differences of opinion between the governments affect the
lives of innocent people
OR
Yes, if it means restoring peace after the war.
4. The fear of nuclear warfare was ever present. This gave real
meaning to the Chariot Race and further tore an already divided world
apart.
 PG. 137-138

DEFINITION OF THE
Unit 3:

SUPERPOWERS AND THE MEANING

OF COLD WAR
U – Union
Russia forms
S – of Soviet part of the USSR
S – Socialists
R - Republic
USSR – Short for Soviet Union
 POLICY OF CONTAINMENT

A diplomatic strategy of the

USA to prevent the spread of
communism during the Cold
War
To prevent the spread
of Communism

Mainly through
Economic Support
 Joseph Stalin was Harry S
determined that the Truman
Red (Soviet) Army
would control
Poland, dominate
eastern Europe, and
prevent Germany
from starting
Joseph Stalin another war.

The USA (Truman) was determined to

influence how the “post war” should look
like, and to rebuild the Europe with
Capitalism.
The west wanted to make sure that countries of western
Europe, such as France, Italy, Germany and Greece were safe
from future attacks.

They were afraid that Communism would spread into Western

Europe and even America.

The western powers (Allies) put the following plans into

action:

The North Atlantic Trety

The Truman Organistation (NATO) Warsaw Pact
Doctrine Marshall
plan
 THE MARSHALL PLAN
Provided huge amounts of American aid to the
countries of western Europe to help them rebuild
themselves after the war.

1948
$15 000 000 000
 BRITAIN
FRANCE
BELGUIM
THE NETHERLANDS
WEST GERMANY
NORWAY

16 European nations
THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
THE WARSAW PACT
 DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES
BETWEENUSA
THE USA AND THE USSR
RUSSIA (USSR)
:
Fourth largest country in the Largest country in the world with an
world with an area of 9,37 area of 22,27 million square
GEOGRAPHIC
million square kilometer. kilometer.

• Freedom of speech, religion, • Freedom of speech and expression

movement and economy. was restricted.
• Press was protected by the • Press was controlled by the
CULTURAL
constitution. government.
• Civilians was influence through
propaganda.
Population of 248,7 million in Population of 286,7 million in 1989
1989 that was the fourth largest that was the third largest in the
POPULATION
in the world. world.
 USA RUSSIA (USSR)
• Strong and stable capitalist • Strong communist country.
country. • Strong ties with Eastern Europe.
POLITICAL • Strong ties with Western
Europe.
• Highest military expenditure • Largest armed forces in the world.
in the world. • Second largest air forces.
• Second largest army in the • One of the world’s largest navies.
MILLATARY world. • Largest stockpile of nuclear weapons.
• Largest air force.
• World’s largest navy.
• Largest in the world • Second largest in the world.
• Large farming industries and • Enormous mineral energy and fuel
other industries. supply.
• Large imports and exports. • Use few imports but has a lack of
• High standard of living with resources.
ECONOMIC access to many manufactured • Industrial production is controlled by
goods. the state.
• Home to many of the world’s • Economic benefits: employment, free
largest corporations. health care, free education for all
Unit 3 Activity: Remedial work

6 3
2 4
5 1
 Areas of conflict and competition
Unit 4:

between the Superpowers in the Cold War.

Pg. 139 - 146

 1961 – TSAR BOMBA
1 400 X BIGGER
THAN LITTLE BOY
OR FAT MAN

SHOCKWAVES
WENT AROUND
EARTH 3X
WHERE DID IT ALL STOP?!

M - Mutual
A - Assured
D - Destruction
NATO
N – NORTH
A – ATLANTIC
T – TREATY
O - ORGANISATION
NATO WARSAW PACT
Answers:

1. Possible answer. If you stand in a puddle of petrol, one match is enough

to cause an explosion. (Iti s stupid to concentrate on gathering more
matches). This figure of speech is called a metaphor
2. Sagan says the Arms race is ridiculous. Why keep developing bigger and
better weapons when just a single atomic bomb can do massive damage.
3. The song refers to “a growing sense of hysteria.” In other words, people
in the West were afraid. People believed the US government when it
warned of a communist danger.
4. “Oppenheimer's deadly toy” was the atomic bomb.
5. Sting hopes the Russians will be as eager as the West to prevent a nuclear
war, because the only way both sides can keep their children safe.
Whichever country would launch its weapon would be destroyed by the
country's’ response when it struck back. Therefore, both countries’
children would die or have no future.
 ❑Exploring outer
space with satellite
technology
❑Send humans into
space
❑Land people on the
moon

THE SPACE RACE

 Sputnik 1
USSR
1957
Sputnik 2 1959 – Luna 2

Laika
the dog
1959 - Luna 3

1960 - Sputnik 5

1958 – Explorer 1

1959 – 1961 – Ham

Explorer 6
 1961 – Yuri Gagarin

1961 -
J.F
Kennedy

1958 – USA established the

National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), which is
21 July 1969 – Neil Armstrong still sending spacecraft into space.
and Edwin Aldrin on the moon
WHO WON THE SPACE RACE?
Do activity 5 on page 142
1. J.F. Kennedy considered a moon landing to be the ultimate symbol of excellence
in the Diamond Race. He wasn't really interested in winning space exploration -
everything was about winning over the Russians. "Everything we do should really
be related to reaching the moon before the Russians". He admitted that an
enormous amount of money had been spent on it, but he wanted to land on the
moon at all costs before the Russians, especially since the Russians had beaten
the US by putting the first man into space in Earth orbit send.

2. There is no right or wrong answer. Any logical, well-motivated answer is correct

(Both the US and the Russians had several "firsts" in space)

3. No wrong answer. Any answer related to the question.

4. Mark Shuttleworth was the first (and so far the only) South African (and Afrikaner)
in space. He accompanied the Russians as a space passenger on a space trip in
2002. He paid for his own trip, after making a fortune selling his Internet security
company. Elon Musk, another South African-born entrepreneur, owns an American
company called SpaceX, which builds rockets and launches spacecraft into the
sky.
DIVISION OF GERMANY, 1946
August
1961
Iron Curtain
Unit 5: THE END OF THE COLD WAR 1989

Page 147 - 149

September 1989
In September 1989, Hungary
was the first country to open
its Western border to the West.
This punched a hole in the iron
curtain dividing the east and
west.

October 1989, By November, 1 million people

over 300 000 gathered in East Berlin and
people marched in demanded freedom of opinion,
travel and free elections. East
the East German German had to give in.
city, Leipzig.
THE FALL OF THE BERLIN
WALL, 1989
❑ 9 November 1989 East German announced that it would
open routes into West Berlin.

❑ Within hours, thousands of Berliners began lining up at

checkpoints near the wall.

❑ At first the border guards tried to check passports, but

they quickly gave up and masses of people streamed into
West Berlin.

❑ Crowds of West Berliners waited on the other side,

cheering and hugging strangers, and people started
breaking down the wall with hammers.
THE FALL OF THE BERLIN WALL
❑ The fall of the Berlin Wall led to the collapse of East Germany
and the reunification of East and West Germany.

❑ 3 October 1990, the two Germanys formed a new united

country.
 Collapse of the Soviet Union, 1991

❑ Implemented a series of economic changes.

❑ Relaxed censorship and political repression and Mikhail
brought in greater democracy within the Gorbachev
communist bloc.
❑ Gorbachev’s policies and severe economic failure
in the Communist states resulted in the sudden
overthrow of communist regimes in Poland,
Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania and East
Germany.
December 1989 the Cold
War was officially over!!
 Boris Yeltsin
Nobel peace prize in 1990

Moscow
Do Activity 7 on page 149
1. East Germans lived in a state of oppression. Their economy
failed. They were physically close enough to the West Germans
to see that West German society was prosperous and free. They
wanted to experience that freedom. (Not all East Germans felt
this way. Some continued to cling to an ideal of a communist
state even after the wall fell).

2. The West Berliners wanted to show how happy they were that
the Wall came down and that they welcomed people from East
Berlin. Possibly they also wanted to show them how good life
was in West Germany.

3. Ordinary Germans, both East and West Germans, were

desperate for the Wall to fall and were beside themselves with
joy when it did. Many families were separated from each other
by the Wall. It was a hated symbol of a Divided Germany.
 Iron Curtain: Winston Churchill noted
that West Germany was prevented by ‘n
non-physical barrier from making contact
with East Germany.
No Admittance: ??
❑ The East was under Communist
control
Joseph Stalin ❑ The West was banned from entering
by Joseph Stalin.

The "Iron Curtain" later

Winston Churchill
became known as the Berlin
Wall.
 STUDY YOUR TEXTBOOK AS WELL AS THIS
POWERPOINT.
REMEMBER THERE IS A LOT OF STUFF I SAID THAT IS NOT
WRITTEN ON THE PPT SLIDES.

GOOD LUCK WITH THE

EXAMS!!
PLEASE STUDY!!