Ilovepdf Merged1

Translated from English to Somali - www.onlinedoctranslator.
com
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Cagaarshowga waxaa lagu gartaa bararka unugyada beerka.
1.Soosaarka xashiishka
2.Glucose metabolism
3. Soo saarista Bilirubin
4.Drug metabolism
5. Dufanka iyo dheef-
1.Fyrus 1.KHAMRIGA
shiid kiimikaadka
2.DAAWO 6.Clotting factor
2.BACTERIA
7. Shaandheeya oo ka saara sunta
8.Ammonia beddelidda
1. Muddada kicinta: fayrasku

wuu tarma oo fidaa
(ma laha astaamo)
2.Prodromal (pre-icteric):
1-5 maalmood. S/S:
FECAL-AFKA (CUNTO+BIYAHA)
anorexia, xanuun,
DHIIGA & DHIIGGA lalabo iyo matag,

RUQ xanuun
3. Marxaladda Icteric: kaadi

DHIIGA & DHIIGGA madow, cagaarshow, miisaan
lumis, RUQ xanuun.
4. Marxaladda soo kabashada:

Waxay ku dhacdaa HEP B
calaamadaha pt-ga iyo calaamadaha
hagaajinaysaa.
FECAL-AFKA (CUNTO+BIYAHA)
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1. BAARITAANKA DHIIGA:
a.ALT & AST (sare) Bukaanada qaba natiijooyinka
soo jeedinaya fayras ba'an

b. Bilirubin
Cagaarshowga, daraasadaha soo socda
2. SUULLADA SAXARADA:
ayaa la sameeyaa si loo baadho
a. Cagaarshowga A
fayraska cagaarshow A, B, iyo C:
3.MUUSAHA KAADI: IgM ka hortagga HAV (IgM
a. Bilirubin anti-HAV)
Cagaarshowga B oogada
4. BOOSKA BEERKA
antigen (HBsAg)
5. BEERKA ultrasound
IgM ka hortagga cagaarshowga B
xudunta (IgM anti-HBc)
Ka hortagga HCV (anti-

1. Kahortag: Talaalka HCV)
Cagaarshow C RNA (HCV-
cagaarshowga A iyo
RNA) silsilad polymerase
cagaarshow B
falcelinta (PCR)
2.Prevention: nadaafadda gacmaha
3. naso
4.Cuntada (carbohaydraytyo sare, kalooriyaal
sare)(protein hoose iyo dufan yar)
1.Qiimee heerka GI
2.La soco miisaanka maalinlaha ah
3. Kor u qaadida karbohaydraytyada sare, kalooriyada sare, borotiinka iyo cuntada dufanka leh
4.Pt. Waxbarashada: nadaafadda gacmaha, ka fogow khamriga, iska ilaali galmada inta lagu
jiro daawaynta
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Saddex lakab oo maqaarka ah:
1.Epidermis
2.Darmis
3.Hypodermis
Gubashada waxay keentaa:
1. Caabuqa
2.Hypothermia
3. Sawirka jirka oo khalkhalsan
4.Isbeddelka heerka
Qeexid: madaxbannaani/shaqo
Burburka lakabyada maqaarka ee uu keeno kulaylka, kiimikooyinka, ama shucaaca
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ee gubashada:
1. Nudaha dhaawacan waxay sii daayaan walxaha vasoaktive
2. Isbedelka dareeraha
a. Dheecaannada xididdada oo kordha (wuxuu socdaa 26 saacadood)
b. Xididdada dhiiggu way balaadhiyaan oo dareere u daadiyaan meel bannaan oo u dhaxaysa
c. Qadarka isbeddelka dareeraha waxay kuxirantahay heerka dhaawaca
d. Bararka jirka
e.Mugga dhiigga xididdada dhiigga oo yaraada
3.Hyper K+ sababtoo ah dhaawaca unugga + hypo Na
4. Wadnaha: korodhka HR, hoos u dhaca CO

5. Neefsashada: bararka marin-haweedka, daboolka sambabada. daadid
6. Nidaamka difaaca: jawaab celinta oo yaraatay, khatarta caabuqa oo kordhay

7. Kelyaha: oliguria
8.GI: Paralytic ileus waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku dhacdo qulqulka dhiigga ee nidaamka GI
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Qeexid: waxay nuugtaa gubashada

1. Gubashada kulaylka: ilaha kulaylka
xilliga dabka.
dibadda ee kor u qaada
heerkulka maqaarka iyo
Xusuusnow: mudnaanta waa maareynta
unugyada.
marin-haweedka.
2. Shucaaca gubanaya: soo-gaadhista
dheer ee fallaadhaha qorraxda ee
Qiimaynta Kalkaalinta:
ultraviolet.
1. Wejiga oo gubta
3.Gubashada kiimikaad: waxaa keena
2. SOB, hiinraag, qufac,
dareerayaasha
sanka oo barara, stridor
4.Gubashada korontadu: gubashada ay
keento qulqulka korontada
Sumowga Kaarboon Monoxide
5. Burburka gubasho: waxaa sababa
1.Carbon monoxide waa gaas sun
kulaylka ka dhasha isqabqabsiga
ah oo aan ur iyo dhadhamin
6. Neefsashada: dhaawaca neefsashada (wuxuu
toona lahayn.
neefsadaa gubashada inta lagu jiro dabka)
Qiimaynta Kalkaalisada: midab
casaan cherry ah.
gubashada kore:
- Waxay saamaysaa epidermis, casaan khafiif ah oo xanuun leh, ma jiraan finan
dusha sare ee qayb- dhumucdiisuna

- Waxay saamaysaa epidermis + maqaarka, casaan, barar, xanuun,
Gubashada dhumucda buuxda:

- Waxay saamaysaa epidermis + dermis + hypodermis. Waxaa laga yaabaa inuu
yeesho casaan, jaalle, bunni ama madow.
Dareen la'aan. Waxay u baahan tahay tallaalid maqaarka
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1. Xagga hore iyo dambe ee madaxa iyo luqunta waxay la mid yihiin 9%
oogada jidhka.
2. Xagga hore iyo dambe ee cudud kasta iyo gacan kasta waxay la mid yihiin 9% meesha
sare ee jidhka.
3. Laabtu waxay la mid tahay 9% calooshuna waxay la mid tahay 9% meesha

sare ee jidhka.
4. Dhabarka sare wuxuu la mid yahay 9%, dhabarka hoosena wuxuu la mid yahay
9% meesha sare ee jirka.
5. Xagga hore iyo dambe ee lug kasta iyo cag kasta waxay la mid yihiin 18% meesha
sare ee jidhka.
6. Xubinta taranka waxa ay la mid tahay 1% oogada jidhka.
Cabbirka gubashada
dhakhso u noqon kartaa
lagu qiyaasay iyadoo la isticmaalayo
"xukunka sagaalaad."
Habkani wuu kala qaybiyaa
oogada jidhka
aagga galay
boqolleyda.
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xasuuso: dareere
wareeg
1.Duration: 24 saacadood ee ugu horreeya
2.Maintain patent airway 3

1.Bukaanku wuxuu la kulmi doonaa
tachycardia, soo saarista wadnaha oo

dha
hooseeya iyo cadaadiska dhiigga oo

ant
iv
ada
hooseeya.
eyaal
eer
la n
dar
uuji
yey
1.Hgb/Hct… kor u kacay sababtoo ah luminta dareeraha
2.Glukoos...oo sare u kacday jawaab celinta walaaca awgeed

3. Sodium…hoosay
4.Potassium…waxaa kordhay burburka unugyada
5.Albumin…waa la dhimay
6.ABG-yada
a. pO2… waa la dhimay
b. pCO2… ayaa kordhay dhaawaca nasashada awgeed
c. pH… hoos u dhaca acidosis-ka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka
d.CO…Neefsashada qiiq-sare
Ilaali marin hawo-mareenka La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah
Maamul dareerayaasha faleebbaha La soco wax soo saarka
La soco qiyamka shaybaadhka (Kateetarka Foley)
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xasuuso: xididada
daalacashada ayaa la soo celiyaa
1.Duration: 48-72 saacadood dhaawaca ka dib
2. Hadafka daryeelka:
1. Cunto borotiinka sare leh
a. ka hortagga caabuqa-antibiotics
b. nafaqada 2. Cunto karbohaydrayt sare leh
c. maaraynta xanuunka 3. Fiitamiinada sare ee cuntada
d.dhabar xidhid 4.Calories:>5000(gubasho

daran)
1. Ka hortag boogaha
a.Antacids, H2 receptor
antagonist
2.Ka hortagga caabuqa
a.Antibiotics
3.Maareynta xanuunka
a.Opioid analgesics (IV)
Hadafka:
Xusuusnow: Marka laga soo tago isbitaalka
1. Diirada saar in bukaanku gaaro heerka ugu sarreeya ee shaqada.
2. Sawirka jirka
3. Is-qadarinta
4.Dhaqdhaqaaqyada nolol maalmeedka
5.Taageerada shucuureed
6. Kor u qaadida bogsashada dhaawaca
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xanuunada neefsashada
Tubooyinka laabta
Tuubooyinka laabta ayaa la geliyaa booska xuubka si ay hawada, dareeraha ama dhiigga uga soo saaraan oo ay dib ugu
soo celiyaan balaadhinta sanbabada.
UWSD-Dhiirishooyinka Biyaha Hoostooda ee Xidhan
XAALADAHA U BAAHAN GALINTA TUBESKA XABADAHA

Dhiigbaxa xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka xiidmaha.
Dheecaanku wuxuu ku urura inta u dhaxaysa xuubka muuqalka iyo
parietal ee sambabada.
Dheecaan xuubka: transudate ama exudate
Hemothorax: Dhiig ururinta godka xuubka.
Pneumothorax: hawadu waxay u soo daadataa bannaanka xuubka. Meesha xuubka xuubka ayaa
la kulmay cadaadiska jawiga wanaagsan (cadaadiska sida caadiga ah waa taban). Sababa
balaadhinta sambabada oo daciifa.
Natiijooyinka sambabada oo buuxsamay ama qayb sambabada oo burburay.
Noocyada
pneumothorax iskiis ah oo
kacsan pneumothorax
pneumothorax naxdin leh
Wax ka qabadka qaliinka kadib: tusaale qalliinka wadnaha. Tuubo laabta ayaa la
geliyaa si looga hortago dhibaatooyinka. Waxay hubisaa in dareeraha iyo hawadu si
fiican uga soo baxaan bannaanka xuubka.
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TUBE LAABKA
noocyada
Nidaamka nuugista qoyan: ku hagaaji

1.Nidaamka nuugista qoyan
cadaadiska nuugista dhererka tiirka
2.Nidaamka nuugista qalalan
biyaha ee qolka kantaroolka nuugista.
QOLKA
Habka nuugista qalalan: waxa uu isticmaalaa
Qolka ururinta dareeraha nidaamiye is xakameeya kaas oo koontaroolaya
1.Drainage qolka ururinta: qadarka nuugista.
ururiyaan dheecaan ka daloolka
xuubka. Waxay ku taal dhinaca
midig ee nidaamka halkaasoo
tuubada laabta ay ku xirto
nidaamka.
Qolka daboolida biyaha

2. qolka shaabadda biyaha: biyaha ku
jira shaabadda biyaha hoostooda
waxay ku beddelan yihiin dhiirigelin
iyo dhicis.
Xumbo xad dhaaf ah: daadin hawo
nidaamka nuugista qalalan

Qolka xakamaynta nuugista
3. Qolka kantaroolka nuugista:
Nidaamka nuugista qoyan ee lagu
xakameeyo heerka biyaha ee qolka
xakamaynta nuugista. Nidaamka
nuugista qalalan: is-regulator ayaa
xakameynaya qadarka nuugista.
nidaamka nuugista qoyan

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faragelinta kalkaalisada
faragelinta kalkaalisada
qiimaynta
1.Calamadaha muhiimka ah-Bp, HR, SPO2, RR
2.Qiimaynta xanuunka
3.Qiimee heerka neefsiga/dhawaaqa sambabada oo auscultate
4.La soco calaamad kasta oo caabuq ah goobta gelinta.
QOLKA DRAINAGE
1. La soco dheecaanka dareeraha: Caadi (<100mL(cc)/saacaddii). Ogeysii HCP haddii
dheecaanku yahay> 100mL(cc)/saacaddii)
a. Ogow midabka: dareere dhiig oo lama filaan ah, iyo daruuro.
qolka shaabadda biyaha

1. Haddii biyuhu aanay isbedelin, waxaa jira kink ama sambabada ayaa dib
u fidiyay.
2.Hawada ayaa laga soo saaraa tuubada, laakiin hawada ayaa laga ilaaliyaa inay gasho
sambabada.
3.Bubbing joogto ah: hawo daadanaya.
4.Bukaan qaba pneumothorax: buka oo ku go'a qolka shaabadda
biyaha (qiimaynta kala go'a iyo kala goynta)
Qolka xakamaynta nuugista

1. Qolka nuugida qoyan: xumbo dabacsan ayaa la xusay.
tixgelinta kalkaalinta kale

1. Ku ilaali habka dheecaanka tuubada laabta ee ka hooseeya laabta bukaanka
2. Hubi in xidhiidhku sugan yahay

3. Ka ilaali tuubada mid ka madax banaan wax kasta oo ka soo horjeeda ama xannibaadda.
4.Ha ku caano-maalin tuubada laabta (haddii uusan dhakhtarku sheegin).
5. Iska ilaali in aad isku qabato tuubada laabta iyada oo aan dhakhtar loo qorin.
6.Drainage breaks: geli tubbada (1 inji) dhalo biyo nadiif ah.

7.Tuubada laabta oo kala go'day: dabool goobta galinta (dharka nadiifka ah),
sharooto 3 dhinac oo ogeysii dhakhtarka.
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ELECTROLYTE
ISKU DHAQAN
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HYPERVOLEMIA
Qeexid:
Kordhinta mugga dareeraha unugyadu. Dheecaannada iyo haynta sodium. Sidoo kale
loo yaqaan culeyska dareeraha ama mugga dareeraha xad dhaafka ah
Shaqada:
Dheecaan ka baxsan unugyada waa dareeraha jirka oo ku yaal meel ka baxsan
unugga. Dheecaanka ka baxsan unugyada ayaa bixiya dhexdhexaad ah
isdhaafsiga walxaha u dhexeeya ECF iyo unugyada.
Sababaha: Calaamadaha:
1.Wadnaha oo istaaga 1.Kool BP
2. garaaca garaaca
2. Beerka cirrhosis 3.Ascites
3. Dheecaan badan / sodium 4. JVD
5.Bararka
qaadashada 6. SOB/ dildilaaca
7. S3 dhawaaqa wadnaha
4. Kelyaha oo xumaada
8.Caadi qeexidda <1.010
Waxqabadyada Kalkaalinta
6. Hel miisaanka maalinlaha ah
1. Kormeer Bp iyo garaaca wadnaha
2.La soco heerka neefsiga 7. Xaddid qaadashada soodhiyamka
8. La soco qiyamka shaybaadhka

3.La soco qaadashada iyo wax soo saarka
4. Xakamaynta dareeraha
5.Diuretics
HYPOVOLEMIA
Qeexid:
Hypovolemia waa luminta dareeraha unugyada ka baxsan.
Shaqada:
Dheecaan ka baxsan unugyada waa dareeraha jirka oo ku yaal meel ka baxsan
unugga. Dheecaanka ka baxsan unugyada ayaa bixiya dhexdhexaad ah
isdhaafsiga walxaha u dhexeeya ECF iyo unugyada.
1. Matag 1. Hoos u dhaca Bp
2. Shuban 2. Tachycardia/taciif ah p
3. Nuugista GI joogto ah 3.Kaadi oo yaraada o
4. Dhiigbax
5.DKA 4. Turgor maqaarka oo liita
6. Gubasho 5. Nasasho la'aan/ wareer
7.Cudurka adrenal 6.Xubabka qallalan
8. Caabuqa habdhiska 7. Harraad
6. Qiimee turgorka maqaarka
1. Kormeer Bp iyo garaaca wadnaha
2.Maamulka dareerayaasha isotonic IV 7. Qiimee lev fuuqbaxa
3.Dhiiri gelinta dareerayaasha 8. Qiimee kaadida gaarka ah g
4.La soco qaadashada iyo wax soo saarka 9. La soco qiyamka shaybaadhka
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nu HYPERNATREMIA135-145mEq/L
Qeexid:
Heerka serum sodium>145mEq/L
Shaqada:
Sodium waxaa inta badan laga helaa dareeraha unugyadu.
Sodium waxa ay caawisaa in la joogteeyo u-fiirsashada dareeraha unugyada ka baxsan,
shaqada neuromuscular-ka, bamka sodium-potassium iyo dheelitirka-saldhigga acid-
ka.
1. Fuuqbaxa Wadnaha: Tachycardia,
Kordhinta BP
2.Insipidus xanuunka macaanka
GI: Harraad
3. Dheecaannada lumay-GI GU: Oliguria
4.Cushing Syndrome Neuro: nasasho la'aan,
walaac
5. Kordhinta qaadashada Maqaarka: bararka
1. Kormeeraha Bp
2.La soco heerka neefsiga 6. La soco heerka serum sodium
3.La soco xaalada neerfaha 7. Kordhi fuuq-baxa
8. Cunto soodhiyam yar
Na
HUPONATREMIA 135-145mEq/L
Qeexid:
Heerka serum sodium <135mEq/L
Shaqada:
Sodium waxaa inta badan laga helaa dareeraha unugyadu.
Sodium waxa ay caawisaa in la joogteeyo u-fiirsashada dareeraha unugyada ka baxsan,
shaqada neuromuscular-ka, bamka sodium-potassium iyo dheelitirka-saldhigga acid-
ka.
1.Diuretics Wadnaha: Tachycardia, garaaca
2. Shuban dunta, hypotension
3. Matag
4.HF oo ciriiri ah GI: Lalabbo, matag
5.Hyperglycemia Neuro: nasasho la'aan, madax
6.Daawaynta
7.Gaastari joogto ah wareer, daciifnimo, suuxdin
nuugid
6. Qiimee turgorka maqaarka
1. Kormeeraha Bp
2.La soco heerka neefsiga 7. Hel miisaanka maalinlaha ah
3.La soco xaalada neerfaha 8. La soco heerarka soodhiyamka serum
4.La soco qaadashada iyo wax soo saarka 9. Xaddidaadda qaadashada dareeraha
5. Qabashada machadyada 10. Cunto soodhiyam ah oo sareysa
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n HYPERKALEMIA 3.5-5.5mEq/L
Qeexid:
Heerka serum potassium>5.5mEq/L
Shaqada:
Potassium waxaa inta badan laga helaa dareeraha unugyada. Potassium
wuxuu ka qaybqaataa bamka potassium-sodium iyo shaqada neuromuscular.
Wadnaha: V-fib, Kor u qaadista hirarka T, PR
1.Kalyaha oo xumaada
daba-dheer, Mawjada P fidsan, QRS GI
2. Dhaawac
3. Sepsis ballaaran: calool xanuun
4.Potassium-sparing GU: Oliguria
dawooyinka diuretics Neuro: Kabuubyo, xiirid,
5.Cudurka Addison hyperreflexia, curyaannimo dabacsan
6. Fuuqbaxa Halista: Wadnaha oo istaaga
7.Metabolic acidosis
1.La soco xaalada wadnaha
2.La soco HR iyo laxanka
K
4. Cunto potassium oo hooseeya
HUBOKALEMIA 3.5-5.5mEq/L
Qeexid:
Heerka serum potassium <3.5mEq/L
Shaqada:
Potassium waxaa inta badan laga helaa dareeraha unugyada. Potassium
wuxuu ka qaybqaataa bamka potassium-sodium iyo shaqada neuromuscular.
1. Shuban Wadnaha: Hypotension, Arrhythmias, T-
2. Matag mawjadaha fidsan, niyad-jabka ST GI:
3.Nugista caloosha Lalabbo, matag, peristalsis oo yaraada
4. Cunto potassium oo hooseeya
GU: Polyuria
Neuro: Dawakhaad, daciifnimo, falcelis
oo yaraada, Alkalosis dheef-shiid
kiimikaad
1.La soco xaalada wadnaha 5. La soco heerka potassium
2.La soco HR iyo laxanka 6. La soco heerka fuuq-baxa
4. Cunto potassium sare leh

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HYPERCALEMIA8.5-10.5mEq/L
Qeexid:
Heerka serum kalsiyum>10.5mEq/L
Shaqada:
Calcium waa cation ka qaybqaata xoogga lafaha, lagama
maarmaanka u ah dheecaanka hoormoonka, socodka wadnaha
iyo ka qaybqaata bamka sodium-potassium.
1. Kansarka lafaha Wadnaha: BP-ga oo kordha, wadne xannibaadda

2.Hyperparathyroidism (waxa ay keeni kartaa in wadnuhu istaago)
3.Hyperthyroidism GI: Fuuqbaxa, calool istaaga,
4.AKI polydipsia
5. Rhabdomylysis GU: Polyuria, kelyo xanuun
6. Qaadashada Vitamin D sare Neuro: Jahawareer, xanaaq
Musculoskeletal: Lafo xanuun
1.Monitor cardiopulmonary 4. La soco heerka garaaca
wadnaha 5. La soco heerarka kalsiyumka serum
2.La soco xaalada neerfaha 6. Cunto kalsiyum oo hooseeya
3.La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah
Ca HUBOCALEMIA8.5-10.5mEq/L
Qeexid:
Heerka serum kalsiyum <8.5mEq/L
Shaqada:
Calcium waa cation ka qaybqaata xoogga lafaha, lagama
maarmaanka u ah dheecaanka hormoonka, socodka wadnaha iyo
ka qayb qaadashada bamka sodium-potassium.
1. Qaadashada Vitamin D la'aanta Wadnaha: Arrhythmias, Bradycardia, hypotension,
2. Qaadashada kalsiyum la'aanta garaaca wadnaha oo daciif ah
3.Hypoparathyroidism Neuro: Paresthesia, murqo xanuun, suuxdin,
4.Hypothyroidism
5. Gubasho
calaamadaha Trousseau, calaamadaha
6. Sepsis Chvostek
7.Cudurka kelyaha/ beerka Nasasho: dyspnea, Lanryngospasm
1.La soco xaalada wadnaha 5. taxaddarrada suuxdinta
2.La soco HR iyo laxanka 6. Qiimee dhaqdhaqaaqa neuromuscular
3.La soco heerka neefsiga 7. Kordhi qaadashada Vit D iyo calcium
4.La soco heerarka calcium
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HYPERMAGNESEMIA1.3-2.1mEq/L
Qeexid:
Heerka serum Magnesium>2.1mEq/L
Shaqada:
Magnesium ayaa nidaamisa heerarka calcium ee dareeraha unugyada gudaha.
Magnesium waxay saameyn ku leedahay isgoysyada myoneural, murqaha lafaha,
dheecaanka hoormoonka parathyroid iyo xanuunka wadnaha.
Wadnaha: Dhiig karka, bradycardia, garaaca
1. Isticmaalka caloosha jilcisa
wadnaha oo daciifa, wadnaha oo istaaga
oo ka kooban Mg
2.Isticmaalka aashitada
Resp: Dyspnea, RR hoose Neuro:
(oo ka kooban Mg) Jahawareer, arday balaadhay,
3. Kelyaha oo aan shaqayn caajisnimo
4.Adrenal hoos u dhaca Musculoskeletal: Daciifnimada murqaha,
shaqayn qallafsanaanta wejiga, falcelinta oo
yaraatay
1.La soco xaalada wadnaha 3. Qaadashada iyo soo saarista
sambabada 4. La soco xaalada neerfaha

2.La soco heerka neefsiga,5. Hoos u dhig qaadashada Mg ee cuntada
Bp iyo P. 6. Iska ilaali dawooyinka caloosha jilcisa
Mg HYPOMAGNESEMIA1.3-2.1mEq/L
Qeexid:
Heerka serum Magnesium <1.3mEq/L
Shaqada:
Magnesium ayaa nidaamisa heerarka calcium ee dareeraha unugyada gudaha.
Magnesium waxay saameyn ku leedahay isgoysyada myoneural, murqaha lafaha,
dheecaanka hoormoonka parathyroid iyo xanuunka wadnaha.
1.khamrada daba dheeraatay Wadnaha: Arrhythmia, Tachycardia, BP
2.Hyperaldosteronism sare
3. ketoacidosis-ka macaanka Neuro: Suuxdin,
4.Malabsorption, dhalanteed, dhalanteed
Nafaqo-xumo NEuromuscular: Tetany, calaamadaha
5. Shuban raag Chvostek, Trousseau togan
6. Fuuqbaxa
1.Qiimee heerka
miyir 4. La soco qaadashada iyo wax soo saarka
2.Qiimee VS 5. La soco xaalada wadnaha sambabada

3.La soco heerarka Mg 6. Kordhi qaadashada Mg-ga cuntada
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OG O
EKG
Wk
aag
a
Hag
aha
W axb
ara
sho
ee A
rda
yda
Kal
kaa
lisa
Sda

nursebossstore.com
shaxda nuxurka
1.Eray bixinta
2.Dhaqanka Korontada
3.Burburinta EKG
4.Fasiraadda EKG
5.5-Meelaynta hogaanka
6.Electrolyte Imbalanc
7.Laxanka Sinus ee caadiga ah
8.Sinus Bradycardia
9.Sinus Tachycardia
10.Sinus Arrhythmia
11.Qanjirrada Atrial Premature (PAC)
12.Atrial Fibrillation
13.Atrial Flutter
14.Qandaraasyada Isgoysyada Degdegga ah (PJC)
15.Qanjirrada Ventricular ee dhicis ah (PVC)
16.Tachycardia Ventricular
17.Fibrillation Ventricular
18.Block-koowaad
19.Degree-labaad AV Block (nooca 1)
20.Degree-labaad AV Block (nooca 2)
21.Heerka saddexaad ee AV Block
22.Aystole
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ah
aasaaska
321 / 601
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eray bixin
ekg/eg:waa tijaabo lagu qiyaaso calaamadaha korantada ee wadnaha.
bradycardia:garaaca wadnaha oo gaabis ah <60bpm
tachycardia:garaaca wadnaha degdega ah>100bpm
laxanka sinuska caadiga ah:

Dareenka korantada ee sanka sanka si sax ah ayaa loo kala qaadaa.
tachycardia sinus:
SA node oo si ka dhakhso badan 100 bpm u ridaya
sinus bradycardia:
SA node toogashada in ka yar 60 bpm
sinus ARRYTHMIA:
Isbeddel meerto ah oo la xidhiidha neefsashada.
WADNIN:
Wadnaha wadnaha waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo loo soo diro shoog koronto (caddad
yar oo tamar ah) wadnaha iyada oo loo marayo electrodes la saaray laabta. Naxdin
isku xidhan, oo aan lagu samayn CPR
defibrillation
Defibrillation waa daawaynta arrhythmias ee isla markiiba nafta halis gelisa
kaas oo aanu bukaanku lahayn garaaca wadnaha, ie ventricular fibrillation
(VF) ama tachycardia ventricular pulseless (VT). Tani waxay isticmaashaa
qadar sare oo tamar ah, oo leh CPR.
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HAWLAHA KORONTADA
P M
SA NODE: - 100
B
60
Sinoatrial Node ca:
a r aa
Wadnaha garaaca wadnaha. g
Dareenku wuxuu ka bilaabmaa meesha SA.
AV NODE: PM
0 B
Atrioventricular Node 0 -6
c a :4
Impulse waxay ka soo safartaa qanjidhka
ra a
SA ilaa qanjidhka AV. Loo yaqaan ga
irid ilaaliye. Waxay keentaa dib u dhac si
atrium-ku ay si buuxda ugu faaruqiso
halbowlayaasha.
P M
0 B
XIDHIIDHKIISA: 0 - 6
a : 4
ac
Dareenku waxa uu dhex maraa
a ra
Xidhmada uu isagu leeyahay oo laamo
g
ka soo baxa xidhmooyinka laanta
midig iyo bidix
fiilooyinka purkinje: M
P
Dareenku wuxuu u socdaalaa
-4 0B
2 0
fiilooyinka purkinje.
a :
ra ac
ga
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HAWLAHA KORONTADA
p hir QRS
COMPLEX
T mowjad
Mawjada T: waxay ka dhigan tahay dib-
Mawjada P: waxay ka dhigan tahay
R
u-celinta ventricle
hoos u dhigista atrial (contraction) -SA
NODE waa mas'uul.
waad ruxaysaa
qrs adag
U ruxruxo: Hirarka waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu arko
iyadoo la raacayo mawjada T. Tani maaha wax caadi
ah.
ST
Qalafsanaanta QRS: waxay ka dhigan tahay
QAYBTA
P
depolarization ventricular
T
PR
Q
INTERVAL
Inta u dhaxaysa PR
Qaybta PR: Waxay ka bilaabataa foosha
atrial waxayna dhammaataa bilawga
depolarization ventricle.
QAYBTA ST S
Qaybta ST: waxay ka dhigan tahay dib-u- QT INTERVAL
celinta ventricular.
dhexda qt
Inta u dhaxaysa QT waxay ka dhigan tahay
wakhtiga ay dhici karto in dib-u-dhisidda hawo-
mareenka iyo dib-u-soo-celinta labadaba.
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ekg tafsiir
Tallaabooyinka Fasiraadda EKG
1.Go'aami inta u dhaxaysa RR: Dhexdhexaadinta RR ee joogtada ah
2. Xisaabi heerka: (Heerarka Atrial & ventricular), Bradycardia, Tachycardia

3.Qiimee mowjadda P: Mawjada hadda jirta, joogta ah, P ee kakan kasta oo QRS ah.
4. Xisaabi inta u dhexaysa PR: Si joogto ah gudaha xadka caadiga ah
5. Falanqee isku-dhafka QRS: <0.12 seconds, kakaxda QRS ee mawjadaha P kasta
6.Baari T mowjadda: si joogto ah u jooga oo caadi ah
7. Xisaabi muddada QT
8. Raadi astaamo kale
go'aaminta garaaca wadnaha
1. Loo isticmaalo in lagu go'aamiyo HR ee laxanka
joogtada ah iyo kuwa aan caadiga ahayn
2. Tiri tirada mawjadaha P lix ilbiriqsi

gudahood kuna dhufo 10.
3. Heerka Ventricular: tiri
tirada hirarka R ama
dhismayaasha QRS gudaha
6 sekan kuna dhufo 10.
SIFOOYINKA
1. Heerka Wadnaha: 60-100 bpm
2.PR dhexda: 0.12-0.2 sec

3.QRS: 0.06-0.12 sec
4. Qaybta ST: 0.08 sec
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5-meelaynta hogaanka
mnemonic (MEELKA LEAD)
1. Cadaan dhanka midig ah
2. Sigaar (madow) dabka korkiisa (cas)
3. Baraf (caddaan) oo ku yaal cawska cagaaran (cagaaran)
4. Shukulaatada u dhow qalbiga."
lA
RA
rl Ll
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dheellitir la'aanta korantada
Potassium
mEq/L
Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia
1. T mawjada sare 1. Mawjada T fidsan/rogmanaysa
2.Wede QRS adag 2. murugada ST

3.Mudo dheer oo PR ah 3. U ruxruxo
4. Mawjada P fidsan
calcium
8.5-10.5mEq/L
Hypercalcemia HypocalCemia
1. Qaybta ST oo la soo gaabiyo 1.Qaybta ST oo dheer
2. Dhexdhexaadinta QT oo la gaabiyay 2.QT oo dheereeya
MAGNESIUM
1.3-2.1mEq/L
HYPERMAGNESEMIA HYP0MAGNESEMIA
1.Mudo dheer oo PR ah 1. Mawjada T oo fidsan/ rogtay
2.QRS oo balaadhay 2.QT oo dheereeya
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ogow
kaaga
laxanka s
328/601
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LAXANKA SINUS CAADIGA AH

laxanka sinuska caadiga ah
x a ad a
S hara
1. garaaca wadnaha iyo ventricular waa joogto.

2. Qiyaasta: 60-100 garaac/daqiqo
3.Barafka PR iyo ballaca QRS waxay ku dhex jiraan xadka caadiga
ah
Laxanka sinuska ee caadiga ah waxa loola jeedaa garaaca wadnaha
caadiga ah ee ka soo jeeda qanjidhada sinoatrial.
2. Kala duwanaansho yar oo joogtaynta laxanka ayaa laga
yaabaa in lagu xuso wareegga neefsiga
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sinus bradycardia
SINUS BRADYKARDIA
a da a
Shara x a sabab
1.Atrial iyo ventr laxanka icular 1. Daawooyinka:
waa joogto a. Ka-hortagga dhiig-karka
2. Qiyaasta: in ka yar 60 garaac/daqdi
daroogooyinka
3.Mowjadda caadiga ah ee P ayaa ka horeysa mid kasta

2.Caadi ka mid ah
oo ka mid ah QRS
ciyaartoyda
4.PR. dhexda iyo ballaca QRS waxay ku
3. Hurdo (nasasho)
dhex jiraan xadka caadiga ah
DAAWO
1.Bukaanku wuxuu noqon karaa asymptomatic
2. Daaweynta bukaanka calaamadaha (wax soo saarka wadnaha oo

hoos u dhacay, isbeddelka LOC, SOB) - Maamulka atropine.
3.Pacemaker
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sinus TACHYCARDIA
SINUS tACHYKARDIA
a da a
Shara x a sabab
1.Atrial iyo ventr laxanka icular 1. Jirka oo kordhay dhaqdhaqaaqa
waa joogto 2. Qandho
2. Qiyaasta:>100 garaac/daqdi 3. Cadaadis/walwal
3.Mowjadda caadiga ah ee P ayaa ka horeysa mid kasta

4. Dhiigbax
oo ka mid ah QRS
5.Caffeine/khamriga
6.Wadnaha oo istaaga
4.Barafka PR iyo ballaca QRS waxay ku dhex
7.Electrolyt dheelitir la'aanta
jiraan xadka caadiga ah
8.Hyperthyroidism
DAAWO
1. Calaamadaha: SOB, garaaca garaaca, dawakhaad, isku dheelitirnaan.
2. Daawaynta: daaw sababta keentay

3. Daawooyinka: Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers
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sinus Arrhythmia
SINUS ARrhythmia
a da a
Shara x a sabab
1. Qaafiyadu waa ir joogto ah Isbeddel meerto ah i n ah
2. Qiyaasta: 60-100 garaac/daqiqo garaaca wadnaha ee la xidhiidha
3.P mowjad: sinus neefsasho leh.

4.PR interval: caadi
5.QRS ballac: caadi ah
DAAWO
1.Ma jirto daaweyn loo baahan yahay ilaa bukaanku yahay calaamad.
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atrial dhicis
foosha (pac)
PAC
a da a
Shara x a sabab
1. Qaafiyadu waa regu lar (aan caadi ahayn 1.Atr oo weynaaday ia
oo leh PAC)
2. Qiime: waa kan laxanka 2.Cudurka wadnaha
hoose. 3.Hyperthyroidism
3.P mowjada: dhicis, u muuqataa ka
duwan sida caadiga ah. Mawjada P
4.Caffeine
waxa lagu aasi karaa mawjada T ee ka 5. Tubaakada
horaysay.
4.QRS adag: Mawjada P waxa laga
6.Nikotiinka
yaabaa in aanay raacin kakan QRS
DAAWO
1. Kordhinta tirada PAC, (Paroxysmal Atrial
Tachycardia: 3+PAC at 140-250 garaaca/daqiiqo
2. Daawooyinka: Kaalshiyamka kanaalka xannibayaasha, beta-blockers,
Amiodarone
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atrial fibrillation
FIIRO GAAR AH
a da a
Shara x a sabab
1.Atrial rhythm waa i joogto ah 1.Wadna xanuunka
2.Laxanka Ventricular waa mid aan joogto ahayn 2.Dhaawaca unugyada wadnaha
3.Atrial: 350-600bpm 3.Wadnaha lagu dhasho
4.Ventricular: ka yar atrial cillado
5.maya P mawjad
4. Dhiig karka
6.Barafka PR maaha mid la cabbiri karo
7. Mowjadaha fibrillatory ka hor isku-

dhafka QRS
DAAWO
1.Bukaannada aan degganayn: u diyaargaroobo wadnaha
2.O2 daawaynta
3.Dawada xinjirowga lidka ku ah: si looga hortago xinjirowga dhiigga
4. Maamul daawooyinka wadnaha (beta blockers, calcium channel

blockers, digoxin)
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qallafsanaanta atrial
FLUTTER ATRIAL
a da a
Shara x a sabab
1.Atrial rhythm waa joogto ah 1.Atrioventricula r (AV)
2.Atrial: 250-400 bpm cudurka waalka
3.Ventricular: ka yar atrial 2.Pericarditis
4.P mowjad: sawtooth 3.Wadnaha oo istaaga
5.PR interval: lama qiyaasi karo 4.MI

6.QRS adag: ka yar ama la
mid ah 0.12s
DAAWO
1.Bukaannada aan degganayn: u diyaargaroobo wadnaha
2.Maamulka daawada: xinjirowga lidka ku ah
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isgoys degdeg ah
foosha (PJC)
pjc
a da a
Shara x a sabab
1. Laxanka: premat aad garaacday 1.MI
2. Heerka: waa kan laxanka 2.Digoxin sunta
hoose. 3.Wadna xanuunka Valvula
3.P mowjadda: dhicis, rogan,
gudaha, qarsoon ama ka dib isku
dhafan QRS.
4.PR: waxay ku gaaban tahay PJC
5.QRS adag: caadi
DAAWO
1. daaw sababta hoose.
2.Daawada: Quinidine
3. Jooji digoxin haddii ay khuseyso
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HOOS KA DHACAY
QANDARAASYADA
pvc
a da a
Shara x a sabab
1. Laxanka: Irregula r 1.Electrolyt imb dheelitir
2. Heerka: waa kan laxanka 2.Hadafka
hoose. 3. Kiciyeyaasha
3.P mowjad: maqan (ma jiro P mawjada leh 4.Ka bixida
PVCs 5.Wadnaha oo istaaga
4.PR: lama qiyaasi karo 6.MI
5.QRS adag: Qalabka QRS ee PVC waa
7.Drug sumowga
hore, ballaaran oo aan caadi ahayn
DAAWO
1. daaw sababta hoose.
2. Daawooyinka: Antiarrhythmics (amiodarone)
3.Maaraynta isku dheelitir la'aanta elektrolytka (hypokalemia)
4.Joojinta dawada sunta keenta
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TACHYCARDIA Ventricular
XOG-GALIN
TACHYKARDIA
a da a
Shara x a sabab
1. Laxanka: joogto ah 1.MI
2. Qiyaasta: 140-250 garaac /daq 2.CAD
3.P mowjad: maqan 3.Digoxin sunta
4.PR: lama qiyaasi karo 4.Caffeine
5.QRS adag: Qalabkii QRS waa ballaadhan
yahay, yaab leh
DAAWO
1. Bukaanka deggan ee garaaca wadnaha: Ogsajiinta, daaweynta antidysrhythmic
2.Bukaan aan degganayn oo qaba VT (oo leh garaaca wadnaha iyo s / s ee CO hoos u dhaca):
Ogsajiinta, daaweynta antidysrhythmic, wadnaha isku-dhafka ah, qufaca CPR.
3.Bukaan aan degganayn oo aan lahayn garaaca wadnaha: Defibrillation, CPR
MUHIIM: VT waxay u horseedi kartaa Fibrillation Ventricular ka dibna dhimasho.
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FIBRILLATION Ventricular
XOG-GALIN
fibrillation
a da a
Shara x a sabab
1. Laxanka: fowdo laxanka degdega ah 1.VT oo aan la daweyn
2. Qiime: Lama qiyaasi karo 2.Drug sumowga

3.P mowjad: maqan 3.Dmage to the heart muscle
4.PR: lama qiyaasi karo - Dhaawaca wadnaha
5.QRS adag: lama qiyaasi karo 4.Cardiomyopathy
Xusuusnow: 5.Electrolyt dheelitir la'aanta
- VF waa dilaa. Bukaanka waxaa ka maqan garaaca
wadnaha, BP, neefsiga, iyo miyir daboolan yahay
DAAWO
1. Bilow CPR
2.Defibrillation
3.Oxygen therapy
4.Daawaynta: Daaweynta ka hortagga dysrhythmic
Epinephrine
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block heerka KOOWAAD

Darajada koowaad
xannibid
a x aa da
Shar
1. Laxanka: Atria l iyo laxanka Ventricular waa joogto
2. Heerka: Kala duwan
3.P mowjad: sinus

4.PR interval: dheeraaday
5.QRS adag: caadi
DAAWO
1. Looma baahna daaweyn.
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shahaado-labaad av block (nooca 1)

SHARCIGA LABAAD
block (NOOCA 1)
aa da
Shara x qeexid
1. Laxanka: Atrial (re gular), Bloc-Labaad k Nooca 1 waa
Ventricular (aan joogto ahayn)
sidoo kale loo yaqaan Wenckebach.
2. Heerka: Heerka Ventricular (in ka yar
heerka atrial)
Lagu sifeeyay dhererka
3.P mowjad: joogto ah
4.PR: si tartiib tartiib ah ayey u dheereysaa ilaa QRS ay
horumarka ee PR
hoos u dhacdo inta u dhaxaysa ilaa iskudhafka QRS
5.QRS complex:Qaabka QRS waa la tuuray. la tuurayo.
Muddada caadiga ah <0.12sec
DAAWO
1.Bukaanku inta badan waa asymptomatic
2. Ma laga yaabaa in loo baahdo daaweyn
3. Hoos u dhaca wax soo saarka wadnaha- maamula atropine
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BLOCK shahaado-labaad ah (nooca 2)

SHARCIGA LABAAD
block (NOOCA 2)
aa da
Shara x qeexid
1. Laxanka: Atrial (re gular), Bloc-Labaad k Nooca 2
Ventricular (aan joogto ahayn)
waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan MobitzII
2. Heerka: Heerka Ventricular (in ka yar
heerka atrial)
Wadnaha nooca 2-aad ee Mobitz
3.P mowjadaha: 2 ilaa 3 P mowjadaha ka hor
iskudhafka QRS
waxa lagu gartaa a
4.PR: Caadi ah oo joogto ah QRS ayaa si isdaba joog ah u
5.QRS complex:Qaabka QRS waa la tuuray. dhacday. PR waa caadi iyo
Muddada caadiga ah <0.12sec joogto ah
DAAWO
1.Pacemaker waa daawaynta loo isticmaalo block-degree block
(nooca 2)
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DEGREE SADDEXAAD av BLOCK

shahaado-Saddexaad
JOOJI
&
adaha
a x aa da calaam
Shar a ma d aha
cala
1. Laxanka: Reg lar 1.Jahwareer
2. Heerka: Heerka Atrial (caadi), 2. Isku duubni
heerka Ventricular (<60bpm) 3.Xanuunka laabta
3.P mowjadda: xidhiidh 4.Dhinaca
la'aan kakan QRS
4.PR: Kala duwan
5.QRS adag: Caadi
DAAWO
1.Pacemaker waa daawaynta loo isticmaalo block heerka
saddexaad
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aystole
aystole
a da a
Shara x a sabab
Aystole waa dabeecad ka argagaxay a 1.Cudurka hypoxia
khad fidsan. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in 2.Hypovolemia
aanay jirin wax laxan ah, wax qiime ah, ma jiro

3.Hypo/hyperkalemia
P mawjad, Ma jiro dhex-dhexaad PR iyo ma

4.MI
jiro isku-dhafan QRS.
DAAWO
1. Daawaynta aystole waa
in la sameeyo CPR
344/601
LAB
QIIMAHA
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QIIMAHA LABAAD
Hematology Electrolytes
WBC: 5,000-10,0 Na+: 135-145 mEq/L
RBC: 4,500-6,00 K+: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Hematocrit: (M) 42%-5 Mg+: 1.5-2.5mEq/L
(F) 37% -47 Ca+: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Hemoglobin: (M) 14-18 g PO4: 3.0-4.5 mg/dL
(F) 12-16 g/dL Cl-: 95-105 mEq/L
Platelets: 150,000-400,000 unug/mcL
xinjirowga ABGs
Platelets: 150,000-400,000 unug/mcL pH: 7.35-7.45
PT: 10-13 ilbiriqsi PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg
PTT: 25-35 ilbiriqsi PaO2: 80-100mmHg
aPTT: 30-40 ilbiriqsi-HEPARIN HCO3: 22-26 mmHg
INR: 2-3 ilbiriqsi SaO2: 95% -100%
Kelyaha Beerka
Albumin: 3.4-5.4 g/dL
BUN: 8-25 mg/dL
Wadarta Bilirubin: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
Creatinine: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
AST: 10-40 U/L
Nadiifinta Creatinine: (M) 97-137 ml/min
ALT: 7-56 U/L
(F) 88-128 ml/min
ALP: 20-40 U/L
GFR: 90 ml / mmol
Wadarta borotiinka: 6.2-8.2 g/dL
Gulukooska dhiigga
Gulukoos: 70-100 mg/dL
HgBA1C: 4% -5.6%
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QIIMAHA LABAAD
Hematology Electrolytes
WBC:____________ Na+:__________
RBC:____________ K+:__________
Hematocrit: (M)________ Mg+:________
(F) ________ Ca+:__________
Hemoglobin: (M)________ PO4:__________
(F) ________ Cl-: __________
Platelets:______________
xinjirowga ABGs
Platelets:____________ pH:_____
PT:____________ PaCO2:__
PTT: __________ PaO2:____
aPTT: _____ HCO3:__
INR:__________ SaO2:____
Kelyaha Beerka
Wadarta borotiinka:__________
BUN:_________________
Albaabka: ______________
Creatinine:____________
Bilirubin Tota
Nadiifinta Creatinine:
Bilirubin Direc
(M) _______________
AST: _____
(F)________________
ALT:________
GFR:________________
Alkaline Phosp
Wadarta:________
Gulukooska dhiigga
Gulukoos:____________
HgBA1C:____________
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QIIMAHA LABAAD
Wadnaha Lipid
Troponin I: 0-0.4 ng/ml Wadarta Kolestaroolka: <200 mg/dL
Myoglobin: 5-70 ng/ml LDL: <100 mg/dL
CK-MB: 0-3ng/ml HDL: > 60 mg/dL
CPK-MB: 3%-5% Triglycerides: <150 mg/dL
Heerarka Daawaynta Qiimaha Shaybaadhka Kale

Digoxin: 0.5-2ng/ml Ammonia: 15-45 U/dL
Theophylline: 10-20 mcg/ml BNP: <125 pg/ml
Phenobarbital: 15-40 mcg/ml CRP: <3.0 mg/L
Lithium: 0.8-1.5 mmol/L D-Dimer: <0.50
Carbamazepine: 4-10 mg/L Folic acid: 2.7-17.0 ng/ml
Qiimaha Shaybaadhka Kale Calaamadaha Muhiimka ah

Imtixaanka Dulqaadka Gulukoosta: Heerka Wadnaha: 60-100 bpm
Soonka: 60/100 mg/dL Cadaadiska Dhiiga: 90/60-120/80 mmHg
1 saac: <200 mg/dL 2 O2 Dheefta: 95% -100%
saacadood: <140 mg/dL Neefsashada: 12-18 bpm
Antigen-ka qanjirka 'Prostate Specific Antigen' (PSA): Heerkulka: 97.8-99.1 F
4.0 n
Lactic acid: 0.5-1
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QIIMAHA LABAAD
Wadnaha Lipid
Troponin I:____________ Wadarta kolestaroolka:_____________
Troponin T:__________ LDL:______________
Myoglobin:____________ HDL:______________
CPK-MB:______________ Triglycerides: ________________
Heerarka Daawaynta Qiimaha Shaybaadhka Kale

Digoxin: _____________________ Ammonia:_______________
Theophylline:_________________ BNP:____________________
Phenobarbital:_______________ CRP:____________________ D-
Lithium:____________________ Dimer:________________ Folic
Carbamazepine: Acid:_______________
Qiimaha Shaybaadhka Kale Calaamadaha Muhiimka ah

Imtixaanka Dulqaadka Gulukoosta: Heerka
Soonka:____________ Wadnaha:__________________
1 saac:______________ Cadaadiska Dhiiga
2 saacadood: ____________
Antigen-ka qanjirka 'Prostate Specific Antigen' (PSA):
_____
Lactic acid: ______
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s
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Gaaska Dhiigga Halbowlaha te

ABGs waa cabbiraadda aysidhka, iyo heerka ogsijiinta iyo kaarboon laba ogsaydh ee b
d si loo qiimeeyo heerka acid-saldhigga bukaanka.
n si loo fasiro xaalada ABG ee bukaanka, waxaa muhiim ah in:
1 3
1. Ogow qiyamka shaybaadhka
2. Go'aanso inay tahay dhibaato neef-mareen ama dheef-shiid kiimikaad
3. Ogow haddii aan wax magdhow ah laga helin, qayb ahaan
magdhow ama si buuxda loo magdhabay (qiimi qiimaha pH)
Caadi ah Magdhow la'aan:

Acidosis Alkalosis Qiimaha
Marka pH qiimaha uu ka baxsan yahay caadiga ah
pH <7.35 > 7.45 7.35-

7.45
kala duwan iyo CO2 ama HCO3 waa gudaha
kala duwanaanshaha caadiga ah.
Qayb Magdhow ah:

CO2 > 45 <35 35-45 CO2, HCO3 iyo qiyamka pH waa ka baxeen
kala duwan.
HCO3 <22 > 26 22-26

Magdhaw buuxda
2
pH waxay ku dhex jirtaa xadka caadiga ah.
ROME
SABABAHA:
Rbasaasnimo pH CO2 Alkalosis Acidosis dheef-shiid kiimikaad: DKA, cudurka
Addison, kelyaha oo hawl gab, shuban, beerka
Oka soo horjeeda pH CO2 Acidosis dhaawac

Alkalosis Metabolic: Nuugista caloosha
oo joogto ah, matag, dawooyin,
Metabolic pH HCO3 Alkalosis
antacid
Equal pH HCO3 Acidosis Acidosis neefsiga: oof wareen, socodka hawada

xannibid, curyaannimo, suuxdin badan
Alkalosis ee Neefsashada: Qandho, korodhka
heerka neefsiga iyo qoto dheer, dhiig yari, CHF
MIDKA MAGGA AH
Kelyaha ayaa soo baxa Sambabada ayaa magdhaba
iyada oo loo marayo
aashitada xad dhaafka ah iyo HCO3 ama
hawo-qaadid iyo
xajiya hydrogen iyo hawo-qaadid
HCO3
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HAGAHA BARASHADA
Hagaha Daraasada Farmashiistaha ee Kalkaalisada
Ardayda
Website: nursebossstore.com 351 / 601

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Shaxda Tusmada
Hordhac
Daawooyinka Wadnaha
Daawooyinka Neefsashada
Daawooyinka caloosha iyo mindhicirka
Daawooyinka kaadi-mareenka
Antibiyootiga
Daawooyinka Neerfaha
Daawooyinka Ka-hortagga Sonkorowga
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Hordhac
Eray bixinta
Xuquuqda daawada
Daroogooyinka iyo Horgalayaasha
Heerka Daawaynta
Dawooyinka Ka-hortagga Dawooyinka
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Eray-bixinnada Lagu Xasuusto

❖ Farmashiistaha
Pharmacology waa daraasadda daawooyinka
❖ Daawooyinka
Walaxda, marka lagu soo bandhigo jirka, waxay keentaa saameyn

jireed.
❖ Pharmacodynamics
Saamaynta (physiological iyo biochemical) ee daawadu ku leedahay jidhka
bini'aadamka. Qeexitaan kale waa jawaabta nafleyda ee jirku ka bixiyo
daawada
❖ Farmashiyaha
Pharmacokinetics waa daraasadda dhaqdhaqaaqa daroogada ee jidhka marka
la eego nuugista, qaybinta, dheef-shiid kiimikaadka iyo soo saarista.
❖ Farsamaynta Ficilka
Farsamaynta ficilku waxa loola jeedaa hababka biochemical ee soo saara
saamaynta daroogada.
❖ Tilmaan
Ujeedada maamulida daawo gaar ah
❖ Contraindication
Sababta ka soo horjeeda maamulida daawo gaar ah
❖ Nuugista
Nuugista waa dhaqdhaqaaqa daroogada ee ka yimaada goobta maamulka ilaa
qulqulka dhiigga
❖ Muddada
Muddadu waa dhererka wakhtiga ay daawadu waxtar leedahay.
❖ Bilawga
Bilawga waa wakhtiga loo qaatay saamaynta daawadu inay dhacdo ka
dib maamulka
❖ Meesha ugu sarreysa
Meesha ugu sarreysa waa heerka ugu sarreeya ee diiradda daroogada ee dhiigga
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Eray-bixinnada Lagu Xasuusto

❖ Saamaynta Daawaynta
Saamaynta daawaynta waa jawaabta daroogada ee wanaagsan (saameyn
wanaagsan).
❖ Saamaynta Xun
Saamaynta xun waa saamaynta aan loo baahnayn ee dawada (saamaynta
xun)
❖ Saamaynta Nidaamka
Saamaynta nidaamka waxa lagu qeexaa sida saamaynta ka
dhacda unugyo kale oo ka fog goobta maamulka
❖ Saamaynta dhinaca
Saamaynta ay leedahay waa saamaynta labaad ee daawada. Waxay noqon
kartaa daaweyn ama mid xun
❖ Saamaynta idiosyncratic
Saamaynta idiosyncratic waa saameyn ama sabab aan la garanayn
❖ Agonist
Daawooyinka Agonist waxay ku xidhan yihiin reseptor-ka waxayna kiciyaan
shaqada reseptor-ka
❖ Ka soo horjeeda
Dawooyinka lidka ku ah waxay ku xidhaan reseptors waxayna ka
hortagaan shaqada receptors-ka
❖ Dareen-xumo
Dareen-celin aan loo baahnayn oo uu soo saaro habka difaaca jirka oo ka
jawaabaya antigen ama daroogada
❖ Dheef-shiid kiimikaad
Dheef-shiid kiimikaad waa beddelka kiimikaad ee daawada jidhka ku jirta.
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10 XUQUUQDA DAAWADA
MAAMULKA
Dawooyinka Saxda ah
Bukaanka saxda ah
Qiyaasta saxda ah
Jidka saxda ah
Waqtiga saxda ah
Dukumentiyada saxda ah
Qiimaynta Saxda ah
Xaqa Diidmada
Isdhexgalka Dawooyinka Saxda ah
Waxbarashada saxda ah
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Kala soocidda Daawooyinka
Kala-soocidda daaweynta: faa'iidada daawaynta ee

daawada
xinjirowga lidka ku ah: waxay saameeyaan xinjirowga
dhiigga Antihypertensive: waxay hoos u dhigtaa cadaadiska
dhiigga Antianginals: daaw angina
Antihyperlipidemics: waxay hoos u dhigtaa kolestaroolka dhiigga
Kala-soocidda Farmashiyaha: sida daawadu u shaqeyso
Diuretics: waxay hoos u dhigtaa mugga balaasmaha
Calcium Channel Blockers: waxay xannibaan kanaalada calcium
wadnaha
Magaca Dawada
Magaca Kiimikada: Halabuurka kiimikaad Magaca
guud: waxa uu tilmaamayaa kooxda daroogada
Magaca ganacsiga: magaca ka diiwaan gashan soo saaraha
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Soo koobida Daawada

Amarka dawooyinka Noocyada Dalabka Dawooyinka
Taariikhda:
Amarka joogtada ah:
Magaca Daawada:
Loo sameeyay sida lagu cayimay
Qiyaasta:
ilaa laga joojiyo
Waqtiga iyo inta jeer:
Habka Maamulka:
PRN: Sida loo baahdo
Magaca iyo Saxeexa
Qoraha:
Dalabka Keliya: Dardaaranka waxa la fuliyaa
Macluumaadka Bukaanka:
hal mar oo keliya sida uu dhakhtarku
sheegay
Waxyaabaha saameeya
nuugista daroogada
Amarka Stat: Hal amar ayaa
la fuliyay hal mar
1. Jidka
2. Samaynta qiyaasta qiyaasta
Amarka qoran: oo uu dhakhtarku ku
3. Dusha sare qoray warqad dhakhtar qoray
4. Socodka dhiiga
5. Lipid solubility Amarka Afka ah: Markaad hesho

6. Cuntada iyo Dheecaannada Xusuusnow: daawooyinka qaarkood amarrada afka, qor
ayaa loo baahan yahay inay noqdaan
Dalabka hoos loo dhigay sida la
maqlay, ku celi amarka
dhakhtarka,
calool madhan laga qaaday.
dukumeenti, ha lahaadaan dhakhtar
Daawooyinka kale waa in lagu qaataa
calool buuxa ama
Dalabka Taleefanka: badan
cunto si kor loogu qaado nuugista ama
machadyadu ma aqbalaan
loo yareeyo xanaaqa caloosha. amarkan
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Daroogooyinka iyo Horgalayaasha
Daawooyinka Wadnaha Antibiyootiga
1.ACE Inhibitors: -pr 1.Cephalosporin

2. Beta Blockers: -olol keph-
3.Kaalshiyam xannibayaasha: 2.Penicillin: -cillin
- goose 3.Quinolones: -floxacin
4. Loop Diuretics: -semide 4.Macrolides: -mycin
5.ARBs: -sartan 5. Tetracycline: wareeg
6.Antiviral: -vir
Daawooyinka Resp Neuro
1. Xantine: -phyllin 1. Benzodiazepine: -zepam,

2. Bronchodilator (beta zolam
agonist): -terol 2. SSRIs: -etine
3.Antihistamiin: - tadine, - 3.Barbituates: -barbital
iramine 4. Daawooyinka lidka diiqadda ee Tricyclic:
4.Corticosteroid: pred-, - ipramine

cort-, -asone, -olone
Daawooyinka GI
Xanuun
1.PPIs: -eprazole, oprazole

1.NSAIDs: - fenac, -profen
2.H2 Soo dhaweeye ka soo horjeeda:
2. suuxinta gudaha: -caine
- tidine
3.Suuxinta guud: -ane
3.Antiemetics: -dhigay
4.PEG: biin-
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Dawooyinka Daweynta L
Heerarka Daawaynta
Digoxin: 0.5-2ng/
Theophylline: 10-20 mcg
Phenobarbital: 15-40 mc
Lithium: 0.8-1.5 mmol/L
Carbamazepine: 4-10 mg/L
Phenytoin: 10-20mg/L
Lidocaine: 1.5-5mg/L
Daawo: Ka hortag
Opioids: Nalaxone
Wafarin: Vit K
Heparin: Protamiin
Cholinergics: Atropine
aminophen: Acetylcysteine
zodiazepines: Flumazenil
Insulin: Glucagon
oxin: Digoxin Immune Fab

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Daawooyinka Wadnaha
Agents Thrombolytic
Antiplatelets
xinjirowga lidka ku ah
Wadnaha Glycosides
Thiazide Diuretics
Loop Diuretics
Biyo-baxayaasha Potassium Sparing
ACE-inhibitors
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
Kaalshiyam-ka-hortagga
Beta Adrenergic Blocker
Adrenergic Agonist
Antianginal
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Nooca daawada: Daawooyinka xinjirowga ah Wadnaha
Daawooyinka
TENECTEPLASE
KALE
Habka Waxqabadka: Saamaynnada xun/Dhinaca:
Dawooyinka xinjirowga ah waxay milaan
1. Dhiigbax
xinjirowga iyagoo hawlgeliya plasminogen
taasoo samaysa plasmin. 2.hypotension
Saddex fasal oo waaweyn: 3. Arrhythmias
1. Dhaqdhaqaaqa unugga Plasminogen
(tPA)
2. Streptokinase (SK)
3.Urokinase (UK)
Saddexda qaybood ee waaweyn waxay milaan
xinjirowga dhiigga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka
(habka) ay sidaas u sameeyaan waa ka duwan yahay.
Tilmaamaha: Contraindications:
1.Acute MI 1.Cerebral hemorrhagic
2.Ischemic xanuun daran istaroog
3.Sababada sambabada 2. Dhaawaca jugta

3.GI dhiigbax/dhiigbax gudaha ah oo
firfircoon
Daawooyinka xinjirowga lidka ku ah waxay milmaan
4.Xasaasiyadda la yaqaan
xinjirowga, ka hortagga dhaawaca xubnaha,
5. Dhiig karka
waxayna hagaajiyaan socodka dhiigga. 6. Qalliin dhawaan
Qiimaynta/Tixgelinta Kalkaaliyaha/Waxbarashada Bukaanka
1.Qiimee daraasaadka xinjirowga 1.Ku baro bukaanka

2.Monitor VS: la socodka cadayga iyo xiirashada.
tachycardia iyo
hypotension 2.Ku baro bukaan-socodka
3. La soco calaamadaha dhinaca/saamaynta xun.
dhiigbaxa: petechiae,
nabarro, saxaro midab madow.
4.La socoshada neerfaha
heerka/isbeddelka
5.La soco saamaynta xun
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Nooca Dawooyinka: Dawooyinka Antiplatelet
Wadnaha
Daawooyinka
(ASA) acetylsalicylic acid- Aspirin
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Daawooyinka antiplatelet waxay ka 1. Dhiigbax

hortagaan isku-ururinta ama ku- 2. Nabar
dhejinta platelet. 3.GI dhiigbax
4. Saxaro madow
5.Hematuria
1.MI 1.Taariikhda
2. Faalig
thrombocytopenia
3. Stents
4.ka hortagga 2.Xasaasiyadda la yaqaan
Occlusion cerebrovascular Aspirin 3. Dhaawac madaxa

waxaa loo isticmaali karaa daawaynta
thrombolytic. Waxa loo isticmaalaa 4. Qalliin dhawaan
maaraynta muddada dheer ee 5. Dhiigbax gudaha ah oo firfircoon
shuruudaha kor lagu sheegay.
1.Qiimee waxyaabaha lidka ku ah 1.Ku baro bukaanka cadayashada

2.Monitor VS: BP, P iliga (buraash ili jilicsan) iyo
3.La soco daraasadaha xinjirowga xiirashada.

2.Ku baro bukaan-socodka
dhinaca/saamaynta xun.
3. Bar bukaanka inuu dawo ku
qaato cunto si looga fogaado
xanaaqa GI.
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Nooca daawada: Daawooyinka xinjirowga lidka ku ah
Wadnaha
Daawooyinka
Heparin Sodium/Enoxaparin
Wafarin Sodium
Dawooyinka xinjirowga lidka ku ah waxay
1.hypotension
farageliyaan oo ay ka hortagaan samaynta
xinjirowga iyagoo ka hortagaya arrimaha ku jira 2. Dhiigbaxa cirridka
qulqulka xinjirowga. 3. Thrombocytopenia
Heparin Sodium: Waxay ka 4. Hematuria (dhiiga kaadida)
hortagtaa thrombin inuu u 5.Epistaxis
beddelo fibrinogen ilaa fibrin.
Wafarin Sodium: waxay yaraynaysaa Sunta S/S: Lalabbo, shaqo

xinjirowga vitamin-K (X, IX, VII, II) la'aan beerka, xanaaqa GI,
Enoxaparin: waa heparin matag, shuban
miisaankeedu yar yahay
1.MI 1. GI boogaha
2.DVT 2. Dhiigbax gudaha ah oo firfircoon
3. Dhiig-baxa
3.Sababada sambabada 4. Dhaawac maskaxeed oo dhiigbax ah
4.Angina 5. Cudurka beerka
6.Cudurka kelyaha
5.Afiib
Isdhexgalka daroogada
Daawooyinka xinjirowga lidka ku ah waxaa 1.Khudaar-cagaaran
loo isticmaalaa bukaanada halista ugu jira 2.NSAIDS/Allopurinol/salicylates
3.Phenytoin/Corticosteroids
inay yeeshaan xinjirowga.
4. Sulfonamides/Cimetidine
1.Qiimee waxyaabaha lidka ku ah 1.Bukaan wax ku baro
2.La soco daraasadaha xinjirowga cadayashada iliga (jilicsan
3.La soco calaamadaha dhiigbaxa
burushka iliga) iyo
4. Bamka faleebada waa in loo adeegsadaa
heerka saxda ah ee gaarsiinta xiirasho.
5.Maintain antidote: Vit K waa 2.Bukaan-socodka wax ku baro
daawada wafarin,
saameyn/waxyeello xun.
protamine sulfate waa
daawada ka hortagga heparin.
6. Ilaalinta badbaadada bukaanka.
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Fasalka daawada: Wadnaha Glycosides Wadnaha
Daawooyinka
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Wadnaha glycosides waxay joojiyaan 1. Aragtida oo isbedesha: arag huruud ah
Na+/K+ ATPase gudaha myocardium.
ama huruud ah
Tani waxay kordhisaa heerka calcium
intracellular ee myocardium. 2.GI xanaaqsan
Sidaa darteed, glycosides wadnaha 3. Bradycardia
waxay kordhiyaan xanuunka 4.Disrhythmias
wadnaha / xoogga foosha myocardial
(saameyn inotropic togan).
5. Daal
Calaamadaha sunta digoxin:
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, glycosides wadnaha ayaa sidoo matag, shuban, garaaca wadnaha
kale hoos u dhigaya heerka garaaca wadnaha
oo aan joogto ahayn, jahawareer,
(saamaynta chronotropic taban).
khalkhal aragga, daal
1.Wadnaha oo istaaga 1.Hypokalemia
2.Atrial tachycardia 2.Hypothyroidism
3.Atrial fibrillation 3. dysrhythmia Ventricular
4. Cudurka kelyaha
4.Atrial flutter
5.Wadnaha oo xidhma

1.Qiimee waxyaabaha lidka ku ah 1.Bar bukaanka s/s of
2. Qiimee VS (+ garaaca wadnaha apical): Ku tiri garaac garaaca wadnaha 60 sekan
Jooji dawada haddii garaaca garaaca garaaca garaaca garaaca garaaca garaaca digoxin toxicity.
garaaca garaaca garaaca garaaca wadnaha oo u sheeg HCP
3.La soco heerka serum digoxin 2.Bukaanka wax u baro

(0.5-2ng/ml)
4.La soco heerarka electrolyte + shaqada
wax badan cun
kelyaha cuntada potassium (haddii
5.La soco calaamadaha digoxin sunta
6.La soco heerarka potassium: hypokalemia lagu dabaqi karo)
waxay kordhin kartaa sunta digoxin
7. Qaado ECG
8.Maintain antidote: Digoxin immun
Fab 365/601
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Nooca daawada: Thiazide Diuretics Wadnaha
Daawooyinka
Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide, Metolazone
Diuretics Thiazide waxay 1.hypotension

kordhisaa soo saarista Na 2.Hyponatremia
iyo biyaha meel fog 3.Hypokalemia
4.Hyperglycemia
tuubo isku dhafan.
5.Hypercalcemia
6.Hyperuremia
Thiazide waa diuresis khafiif ah 7. Daal/daciifnimo
marka loo eego loop diuretics Talo: Dhinacyada iyo waxyeelada xun
ayaa ah inta badan isku dheelitir la'aanta
korantada.
1. Dhiig karka 1. Dheecaannada iyo electrolyte-ka oo aan dheeli tirnayn
3. SLE
Isdhexgalka:
qaadashada bukaanka
1.Digoxin: waxay sababi kartaa sunta
digoxin sababtoo ah isbeddelka
heerarka potassium
2. Lithium: waxay sababi kartaa lithium
toxicity
3.Corticosteroids
4.Daawaynta xanuunka macaanka

1.Qiimee 1.Bukaan wax ku baro
isdhexgalka/diidmada kordhinta potassium ee
cuntada
2.La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah: BP,P
2.Waxbarasho bukaan ee
3.La soco electrolytes, heerka ka hortagga orthostatic
hypotension: si tartiib ah
gulukooska, BUN & creatinine
beddelo booska
4.La soco wax soo saarka kaadida/miisaanka 3.Bukaanada macaanka qaba
waa inay la socdaan dhiigga
gulukoosta si joogto ah.
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Nooca daawada: Loop Diuretics Wadnaha
Daawooyinka
Furosemide
Torsemide
Diuretics loop wuxuu yareeyaa dib 1.Hypotension/orthostatic
u nuugista sodium iyo chloride ee
hypotension
kor u kaca Loop ee Henle.
2.Hyponatremia
(Haddaba magaca-loop diuretics saamaynta 3.Hypokalemia
ugu weyn waxay ku jirtaa Loop of Henle.)
4.Maqal la'aan: sababtoo ah qulqulka
Diuretics loop wuxuu keeni karaa isbeddel ku degdega ah ee duritaanka IV furosemide

yimaada wax soo saarka wadnaha iyo BP
sababtoo ah awoodiisa marka la barbar dhigo
diuretics thiazide.
1. Dhiig karka 1.Dareen-xumo
2.Anuria
2.Barar ay sababto HF, cudurka
3.Kooma cagaarshow
kelyaha 4. Koronto-yarida daran
3.Bararka sambabada oo aad u daran Isdhexgalka:
1.Digoxin
2. Lithium
3.Aminoglycoside
4.Anticoagulants
1.Qiimee 1.Waxbarasho bukaan ee
isdhexgalka/diidmada ka hortagga orthostatic
2.La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah: BP,P hypotension: si tartiib ah
3.Monitor electrolytes, heerka beddelo booska

gulukooska, BUN & creatinine, uric acid 2. Kordhi potassium-ka
4.La soco wax soo saarka kaadida/miisaanka cuntada.
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Fasalka Dawooyinka: Maadada-Potassium-Sparing DiureticsWadnaha

Daawooyinka
Spironolactone
Amiloride
Dheecaannada Potassium-ka ilaaliya 1.Hyperkalemia-weyn

waxay sababaan soodhiyamka iyo
biyaha ee tuubada fog, iyadoo kor u walaac
qaadeysa sii-haynta potassium-ka (oo
xannibaya xajiyayaasha aldosterone)
2. caajisnimo
3. Arrhythmias
Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa bukaanada
leh khatarta sare ee hypokalemia.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, walaaca ugu

weyn ee diuretics-ka ilaaliya potassium
waa la socodka hyperkalemia
1. Dhiig karka 1. Cudurka kelyaha
2.Cudurka Hepatic
2.Bararka 3.Hyperkalemia
3. Dheecaannada oo ku haynta heerka Isdhexgalka:
1. Lithium
labaad ee xaalad 2. ACE Inhibitors
Digniin:
1.Bukaan qaadashada
kaabayaasha potassium
2.Bukaanka macaanka

isdhexgalka/diidmada
cunto potassium yar
3.La soco heerarka elektrolytka iyo calaamadaha
(fiiri heerarka potassium) hyperkalemia
4.La soco calaamadaha
hyperkalemia
5. La soco ECG si aad u ogaato mowjadda ugu sarreysa
ee T (calaamadaha hyperkalemia) iyo
dysrhythmia
6.La soco wax soo saarka kaadida/miisaanka
368/601
nursebossstore.com
Nooca daawada: ACE Inhibitors Wadnaha

Daawooyinka
XAFLAD- PRIL
Captopril, Lisinopril, Enalapril
Angiotensin-beddelaya
1. Qufac qallalan
Inhibitor Enzyme (ACE
Inhibitors) waxay ka hortagtaa 2.hypotension
beddelka angiotensin I oo loo
beddelo angiotensin II taasoo ka 3.GI cidhiidhi
hortagta vasoconstriction.
4. Tachycardia
Xusuusnow: angiotensin II waa 5.Hyperkalemia
vasoconstrictor wuxuuna kiciyaa sii
deynta aldosterone. 6.Angioedema
Sidaa darteed, ACE Inhibitors waa
dawooyinka ka hortagga hypertensive.
1. Dhiig karka 1. Xasaasiyadda ka
hortagga ACE
Isdhexgalka:
1.Potassium-sparing diuretics
and supplements because of
potential of
hyperkalemia
2.NSAIDs
isdhexgalka/diidmada cunto potassium yar
iyo calaamadaha
hyperkalemia
3.La soco heerka serum potassium 2.Bukaan-socodka wax ku baro
4.La soco heerka gulukooska bukaanka macaanka qufac qalalan sida a
(hypoglycemia waxa laga yaabaa inuu dhaco)

waxyeelo iman karta
3. Wax ka baro bukaanka la
socodka BP
369 / 601
nursebossstore.com
Fasalka daawada: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Wadnaha

Daawooyinka
DIFAACA- SARTAN
Losartan, Candesartan, Valsartan
ARBs waxay ka hortagaan sii deynta
1.hypotension
aldosterone iyo meelaha ku wareegsan
2. Shuban
vasoconstriction iyadoo si door ah u
3.Labo/ matag
xannibaysa angiotensin II
4.Hyperkalemia
reseptors.
5. Daal/ daciifnimo
ARBs ugu horrayn waa daawada 6.Angioedema
ka hortagga hypertensive
1. Dhiig karka 1. Kelyaha oo xumaada
2.Hepatic liid
Isdhexgalka:
1.Potassium-sparing diuretics
and supplements because of
potential of
hyperkalemia

isdhexgalka/diidmada cunto potassium yar
2.La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah: BP,P iyo calaamadaha
3.La soco heerka serum potassium hyperkalemia

4.La soco heerka gulukooska bukaanka macaanka 2.Ku baro bukaanka la
(hypoglycemia waxa laga yaabaa inuu dhaco) socodka BP
370/601
nursebossstore.com
Heerka daroogada: Kaalshiyam-ka-ilaaliyayaasha Wadnaha

Daawooyinka
DIFAACA- PINE
Nifedipine, Amlodipine
Kaalshiyamka kanaalka xannibaya waxay ka
1.hypotension
hortagaan dhaqdhaqaaqa ion calcium ee
unugga myocardial-ka 2. Bradycardia
xuubabka.
Tani waxay keenaysaa nasinta 3.Disrhythmias
murqaha siman. 4.Dawakhaad
Saamaynta daaweynta waxaa ka mid 5. Daal

ah: hoos u dhaca shaqada wadnaha,
hoos u dhaca isticmaalka ogsijiinta
myocardial iyo cadaadiska dhiigga oo
yaraada.
Tilmaamaha: Kahortagga/ taxaddarka:

1. Dhiig karka 1.AV block
2.Angina 2.HF
3. Bradycardia-si taxadar leh u
isticmaal

isdhexgalka/diidmada waxyeelooyinka dawakhaad
2.Qiimee heerka enzymes beerka iyo miyir beelid
3.La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah: BP,P 2.Ku baro bukaanka BP,
kormeerka P
371/601
nursebossstore.com
Heerka daroogada: Beta Adrenergic Blockers Wadnaha

Daawooyinka
XAFLAD- LOL
Atenolol, Carvedilol
Beta adrenergic blockers ayaa xannibaya
saamaynta epinephrine ee goobaha soo-
1.hypotension
dhoweynta. 2. Bradycardia
Saamaynta daaweynta: hoos u dhigista 3.Dawakhaad, daciifnimo
culeyska shaqada wadnaha, BP, HR iyo
baahida ogsijiinta myocardial.
4. Daal
5.Hyperglycemia
Xulashada BB: waxay saamaysaa kaliya beta1
adrenergic sites (wadnaha) BB aan la dooran: 6. Bronchospasm
(Sambabada iyo Wadnaha) waxay ka
shaqeeyaan labada beta 1 iyo beta 2 goobaha
7. Dhiig karka lafaha
adrenergic

1. Dhiig karka 1. Neefta- ay sabab u tahay saamaynta
2.Angina dhinaca bronchospasm
3.Glaucoma 2. Bradycardia
4.Migraine 3. Kelyaha oo xumaada
5.Disrhythmias 4.AV block

5.Sokorowga mellitus (si taxadar leh u
isticmaal)
1.Qiimee 1.Bar dadka macaanka qaba
isdhexgalka/diidmada bukaanka qaba gulukoos
2.Qiimee heerka enzymes beerka la socodka-saamaynta beta-

blockers waxay qarin kartaa
3.La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah:
hypoglycemia
BP, daawaynta hakin haddii BP/P
2.La socoshada BP, P
aysan ku jirin daawaynta
3.Bukaanka wax u baro
xuduudaha
si tartiib ah u kac-sabato ah
4.La soco heerka neefsiga hypotension orthostatic
372/601
nursebossstore.com
Heerka daroogada: Adrenergic Agonist Wadnaha

Daawooyinka
Dobutamine, Dopamine, Epinephrine

Adrenergic agonist wuxuu kiciyaa
reseptors adrenergic (labadaba alfa ama
1. Dhiig karka
beta reseptors) ee xubnaha 2. Tachycardia
bartilmaameedka ah.
Saamaynta daweynta: 3.Disrhythmias
1.Wadnaha: kordhinta qandho, HR,
kordhinta wax soo saarka wadnaha 4. Wadnaha
2. Sambabada: bronchodilation
Tusaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ah:

1. Epinephrine,
2. Dopamine, 3. Dobutamine

1.Epinephrine: ba'an
dareen la'aan, neefta,
1.Fibrillation Ventricular
wadnaha oo istaaga
2.Dobutamiin: togan
Saamaynta inotropic (wadna xanuunka)
3.Dopamine: saamayn inotropic
togan, kordhiyo socodka
dhiigga ee kelyaha

1.Qiimee isdhexgalka/diidmada 7. La soco saamaynta xun
2.La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah: BP,P 8. La soco saamaynta daawada
3.La soco heerka neefsiga iyo jawaabta bukaanka
4.Auscultate sambabada dhawaaqa
adventitious
5.La socoshada ECG
6.La soco wax soo saarka kaadida
Fiiro gaar ah: Ka digtoonow markaad diyaarinayso,
xisaabinayso oo aad maamulayso daawada

373/601
nursebossstore.com
Nooca Dawooyinka: Wakiilada Antianginal Wadnaha

Daawooyinka
Nitroglycerin

Nitrate-yadu waa wakiilada 1.hypotension
antianginal ee dejinaya
2. Reflex tachycardia
murqaha siman, taas oo keenta
3.Pallor
vasodilation, hoos u dhaca
preload (xididdada kala furfuraya) iyo
4. Daal/jidh daciifnimo
culayska dambe (furfurka
halbowlayaasha) iyo hoos u dhaca
baahida ogsijiinta myocardial.

1.Angina pectoris 1. Kordhi ICP
2.hypotension
3.Hypovolemia
4. Dhiigbaxa maskaxda
5.Anemia

1.Qiimee isdhexgalka/diidmada 1.Ku bar bukaanka inuu
2.La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah: BP,P geliyo daawada afka
3.La soco heerka neefsiga hoostiisa
4.Qiimee heerka neerfaha 2.Bar bukaanka sida loo
5.Qiimee ECG isticmaalo dawooyinka
6. Si sax ah u maamul nooca dawada sublingual, transdermal patch,
(daawoyinka sublingual, balastarka boomaatada la mariyo iyo
transdermal, boomaatada la mariyo iyo daawada tarjumaada.
daawada tarjumaada)
374/601
Daraasadda Daawooyinka Wadnaha
Magaca Guud: Magaca Summada:
Nooca daroogada: Qiyaasta:
Adeegsada: Tixgelinta Kalkaaliyeyaasha:
Dhinaca/ Saamaynta Xun
375/601
Daawooyinka Neefsashada
Anticholinergics
Antihistamiin
Filayasha
Mucolytics
Keliyayaasha
Antitussives
Glucocorticoids
Sympathomimetic Bronchodilators
Methylxanthines Bronchodilators
376 / 601
nursebossstore.com
Fasalka Dawooyinka: Anticholinergies oo la nuugo Neefsashada

Daawooyinka
Atrovent (Ipratropium)

Dawooyinka anticholinergic ee la nuugo ayaa ka hortagaya
1. Qufac
Isku-xidhka acetylcholine
(neurotransmitter) iyadoo la xirayo 2. Wadnaha
xajiyayaasha muscarinic. 3.Af qallalan
Tani waxay keenaysaa
4. Cunaha oo xanaaqa
bronchodilation (nasinta muruqa
siman ee boronkiitada).
1.COPD-Chronic obstructive 1.Glaucoma
pulmonary disease 2.Hypersensitivity- bukaanka qaba
xasaasiyadda lawska waa inuusan
2.Neefta
qaadan ipratropium

isdhexgalka/diidmada kordhinta fuuq-baxa
2.La soco wax soo saarka kaadida iyo fiber-ka cuntada
3. Kordhi fuuq-celinta bukaanka

4. Kordhi fiber-ka cuntada
377/601
nursebossstore.com
Nooca daroogada: Antihistamine Neefsashada

Daawooyinka
Brompheniriamine
Chlorpheniramine
Antihistamine-ka ayaa si door ah u
1.lulmo/suxid
xannibaya oo ka hortagaysa
2. Daal
saamaynta histamine-ka ee goobaha
3.GI qas
soo-dhoweynta ee histamine-1.
4.Af qallalan
Saamaynta daaweynta: hoos u
dhigidda dheecaanka bronki
5.hypotension
6.Kaadi haynta
1.Xasaasiyadda rhinitis 1. Si taxadar leh u isticmaal macaamiisha
2. Qabowga caadiga ah COPD dhexdooda
3.Lallabo iyo matag (waxaa sabab u ah

Isdhexgalka:
jirrada dhaqdhaqaaqa)
1.Diphenhydramine- laga yaabaa
sababa dheeraan
saamaynta anticholinergic

1.Qiimee 1.Bukaan wax u baro
isdhexgalka/diidmada ka fogow khamriga
2.Daawaynta saxda ah sababtoo ah suuxin iyo CNS
maamulka
saamayn
3. Badbaadada bukaanka sababtoo ah
2.Bukaan-socodka wax ku baro
saameynta CNS
4.La soco wax soo saarka kaadi mareenka iyo

waxyeellooyin sida afka
calaamadaha xajinta kaadida oo qallalan
378/601
thenursebossstore.bigcartel.com
Heerka daroogada: Fikiyaasha Neefsashada

Daawooyinka
Guaifenesin

Filayaashu waxay yareeyaan xiisadda
1. Rhinorrhea
dusha sare ee dheecaanka
2. Finan
boronkiitada waxayna kiciyaan
3.GI xanaaq
qufac waxtar leh si kor loogu qaado marin-
haweedka patent-ka.
1. Qufac qallalan oo aan wax soo saar lahayn 1.Dareen-xumo

1.Qiimee sababta dhabta ah 1.Bukaan wax ku baro
ee qufaca neefsasho qoto dheer iyo
2.Qiimee wax ka hor imaanaya qufac.

3.Qiimee heerka neefsiga 2.Ku dhiiri geli bukaanka
4.Qiimee maqaarka finanka kordhinta qaadashada dareeraha
5. Ka hortag xanaaqa GI adigoo ku
dhiirigelinaya bukaanka inuu cuno
cuntooyin yar yar oo joogto ah

379/601
nursebossstore.com
Heerka daroogada: Mucolytics Neefsashada

Daawooyinka
Acetylcysteine

Mucolytics ayaa dareere ama khafiifiya
1. Rhinorrhea
dheecaannada neefsashada (xab) ee
nadiifinta marin-haweedka (qufac waxtar
2. Finan
leh). 3.GI xanaaq
Mucolytics-ku waxay kala gooyaan curaarta
disulfide (xannayaasha disulfide waxay isku
hayaan dheecaannada xabka). Ficilkani
wuxuu keenaa khafiifinta xabka iyo qufac
waxtar leh.
1. Qufac qallalan oo aan wax soo saar lahayn 1.Dareen-xumo
2.COPD- Daawooyinka Mucolytic oo
leh dextromethorphan
3. Bronchospasms ba'an
(asthma)

1.Qiimee sababta dhabta ah 1.Bukaan wax ku baro
ee qufaca neefsasho qoto dheer iyo
2.Qiimee wax ka hor imaanaya qufac.
3.Qiimee heerka neefsiga 2.Ku dhiiri geli bukaanka
4.Qiimee maqaarka finanka
kordhinta qaadashada dareeraha
5. Ka hortag xanaaqa GI adiga oo la talisa
bukaanka inuu cuno cuntooyin yar yar oo
joogto ah
380/601
nursebossstore.com
Fasalka daroogada: Daawada Neefsashada

Daawooyinka
Oxymetazoline, Phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine
Calool-joojintu waxay sababtaa
1. Wadnaha
vasoconstriction ee habka neefsashada
sare. Tani waxay keenaysaa inuu
2.Walaaca
yaraado xabka oo barara 3.Hyperglycemia
xuubka iyo dheecaanka dheecaanka 4. Degenaansho la'aan
oo yaraada. 5. ciriiriga soo noqnoqda
Noocyada: 1. Naas-nuujiyaha jirka la

mariyo, Daawada afka laga qaato iyo
dawooyinka steroids sanka
1.qabow caadi ah 1. Dhiig karka
2. Sinusitis 2.DM
3. Xasaasiyadda rhinitis
3.Hyperthyroidism
4.Otitis media
5.Coryza daran

1.Qiimee waxyaabaha lidka ku ah 1. Wax ka baro bukaanka
muddada qaadashada
2.La soco BP iyo P
des-congestants (aan ka badnayn 2
3.La socoshada ECG
ilaa 3 maalmood) cidhiidhiga soo
4.La soco heerka gulukooska ee bukaanka
laabashada awgeed
macaanka (isticmaalka dheereeya
descongestants sababa
vasodilation sababtoo
ah xabka sanka
381 / 601
nursebossstore.com
Fasalka daawada: Antitussives Neefsashada

Daawooyinka
Benzonate, Dextromethorphan

Antitussives waxay xakameysaa
1. Suuxinta (antitussives ayaa si
falcelinta qufaca iyagoo si toos ah
dhexdhexaad ah u shaqeynaya)
wax uga qabta xarunta xakameynta
2.Drowsiness (antitussives
qufaca ee medulla.
ayaa udub dhexaad u ah)
3.Af qallalan
4.GI xanaaqsan (lalabbo
iyo xanaaq)
5.Ku tiirsanaanta
1. Qufac qallalan (qufac aan faa'iido 1. Dhaawac madaxa
2.Bukaannada qalliinka kadib
lahayn)
2.COPD Isdhexgalka
1.Daawoyinka diiqada
2.Monoamine oxidase
ka hortagga

1.Qiimee wax ka hor imaanaya 1.Bukaan wax ku baro
2.Qiimee heerka neerfaha saamaynta dajinta ee
3.Ku dhiiri geli kordhinta qaadashada dareeraha
antitussives si looga fogaado
4. Dhig bukaanka booska
dhaawac.
Fowler.
2.Ka fogow khamriga
5. Qiimee taariikhda balwadda (ku-
tiirsanaanta daawadu way dhici
kartaa)
382/601
nursebossstore.com
Nooca daawada: Glucocorticoids (Corticosteroids) Neefsashada

Daawooyinka
Beclomethasone

Glucocorticoids waa 1.Madax xanuun
wakiilada caabuqa ee 2. xanaaq
hoos u dhigaya bararka 3. Caabuqa deegaanka
jawaabta marin-haweedka.
Saamaynta daaweynta: kordhiso
socodka hawada, yareyso bararka.
1.Neefta 1.Dareen-xumo
2. Caabuqa neef-mareenka

1.Qiimee waxyaabaha lidka ku ah Wax ka baro bukaanka isticmaalka
2.La soco heerka neefsiga daawaynta daroogada iyo
3.Qiimee dhawaaqyada adventitious waxyeellooyinka
4.La soco calaamadaha caabuqa si loo sii
dheereeyo isticmaalka
383/601
Nooca daawada: Bronchodilators Sympathomimetic Neefsashada

Daawooyinka
Salmeterol, isoproterenol

Sympathomimetic waxay
saamaysaa beta-receptors ee laga 1. Tachycardia
helo bronki taaso keenta nasinta 2.Dysrhythmias
muruqa siman ee bronki.
3. Wadnaha
4. Degenaansho la'aan
Saamaynta daaweynta: fidinta marin-haweedka
5.Af qallalan
Saameynaha kale: kordhinta BP, HR,
vasoconstriction (sababo ah
sympathomimetic oo ku dayanaya
saamaynta habdhiska dareenka ee
naxariista leh.
1.COPD 1. Wadnaha dysrhythmia
2.Neefta 2.PUD-peptic ulcer disease
3.Hyperthyroidism
Digniin:
DM, Glaucoma, HTN

1.Qiimee wax ka hor imaanaya Wax ku baro bukaanka
2.La soco heerka neefsiga korodhka qaadashada dareeraha
3.Qiimee dhawaaqyada adventitious
4.La soco xaalada neerfaha
384/601
Nooca daawada: Methylxanthine Bronchodilators Neefsashada

Daawooyinka
Theophylline

Xanthine waa
1. Tachycardia
bronchodilators kuwaas oo
2.Dysrhythmias
dejinaya muruqyada siman ee 3. Wadnaha
habka neefsashada (bronchi) iyo 4. Degenaansho la'aan
xididdada dhiigga. 5.Af qallalan
6.Hyperglycemia
1.COPD 1. Wadnaha dysrhythmia
2.Neefta 2.PUD-peptic ulcer disease
3.Hyperthyroidism
Digniin:
HTN, Glaucoma, DM

1.Qiimee wax ka hor imaanaya Wax ku baro bukaanka
2.La soco heerka neefsiga fuuq-baxa sii kordhaya.
3.Qiimee dhawaaqyada adventitious
Bar bukaanka in aanu
4.La soco xaalada neerfaha
burburin kaabsal
5.La soco heerka gulukooska ee bukaanka DM
6.La soco heerka daaweynta
theophylline: 10-20mcg/mL
7. Theophylline waxay sababtaa
khatarta digoxin sunta.
385/601
Resp Daraasadda Daawooyinka
386/601
Daawooyinka caloosha iyo mindhicirka
Kahortagayaasha Pump Proton
Histamine (H2) Kahortagayaasha Receptor

Antacid
Antiemetics
Daawooyinka caloosha jilcisa
387/601
nursebossstore.com
Nooca daawada: Proton Pump Inhibitor Mindhicirka

Daawooyinka
DIFAACA- ZOOLE
Omeprazole, Esomeprazole
Horjoogayaasha bamka Proton
1.Caloosha xanuunka
xakameynaya dheecaanka HCL ee
2.Madax xanuun
caloosha iyadoo la xakameynayo
3.Labo
hydrogen-potassium
adenosine triphosphate
4. Matag
Enzyme (ensaymes ka 5. Shuban
soo saara HCL).
1. boog boog ah 1.Dareen-xumo
2.GERD
3.Erosive esophagitis
4. Zollinger Ellison's
cillad

1.Qiimee Ku bar bukaanka in uusan
isdhexgalka/diidmada burburin ama calalin kaabsal.
2.Maandooriyaha ka hor cuntada

3. Jadwal u samee dawada si aad uga
fogaato isdhexgalka
4. Sii cuntooyin yar yar oo joogto ah
388/601
nursebossstore.com
Nooca daroogada: Histamine (H2) Soo-jiidhiyaha Reeban Mindhicirka

Daawooyinka
DIFAACA- CAYN
Ranitidine, Cimetidine
Histamine (H2) antagonist 1.Dawakhaad
receptor ayaa xannibaya ficilka
2.Jahwareer
histamine, kaas oo soo saara
3. Awood la'aan
dheecaanka HCL.
4. Finan
Tallaabadani waxay kor u qaadaysaa
bogsashada boogaha.
5.Pruritus
1. boog boog ah 1.Dareen-xumo
2. hunguriga oo xumaada 2. Uurka iyo nuujinta
3. Cagaarshow ama kelyaha
3.Zollinger Ellinson's
cillad
cillad
4.Waxay ka hortagtaa boogaha walbahaarka

1.Qiimee Ku bar bukaanka inuu dawo
isdhexgalka/diidmada ku qaato cuntada ama
2. U qorshee daawooyinka si aad uga
fogaato isdhexgalka
wakhtiga jiifka.
3. Si taxadar leh u kormeer qiyaasaha IV-ga
4.Cimetidine iyo antacid waa in la

qaataa 1 ilaa 2 saacadood u
dhexeeya
nuugista cimetidine)
389/601
nursebossstore.com
Nooca daroogada: Antacid Mindhicirka

Daawooyinka
Aluminium hydroxide, Calcium carbonate

Antacidadu waa iskudhisyo 1.Hypokalemia
alkaline ah oo ka takhalusa 2.Madax xanuun
asiidhyada kana hortagaya 3.Labo
beddelka pepsinogen ee pepsin 4. Matag
caloosha. 5. Shuban: magnesium
hydroxide waxay xajistaa biyaha
taasoo keeni karta shuban
Noocyada isku dhafka:
6.Constipation: xarun
1.Aluminium xeryahooda
aluminium
2.Magnesium xeryahooda
3.Kaalshiyam ka samaysan Saamaynta xun/xun waxay ku xidhan tahay
4. Sodium bicarbonate xarunta gaarka ah.
1.GERD 1.Dareen-xumo
2. Calool-xumo 2. Uurka iyo nuujinta
3. Kor u qaadida bogsashada boogaha
Digniin:
2. Kelyaha oo aan shaqayn

1.Qiimee 1.Ku bar bukaanka inuu si fiican
u calaliyo kiniinka oo uu la
isdhexgalka/diidmada socdo koob biyo ah.
2.La soco heerka elektrolytka 2. Maaree antacid marka
3.La socoshada hypermagnesemia: laga reebo afka kale
daawooyinka si loo hubiyo
antacid magnesium-ka ku jira waa nuugista ku filan ee daawooyinka kale
in si taxadar leh loo isticmaalo (1 ilaa 2 saacadood ayaa u dhexeeya)
khatarta hypermagnesemia. 3. Rux dareeraha ka hor intaadan shubin
390/601
nursebossstore.com
Fasalka daawada: Antiemetics Mindhicirka

Daawooyinka
Aprepitant, Ondansetron

Antiemetics waxay xakameysaa lallabada iyo
1.lulmo
matagga iyagoo ku dhaqma xarunta kontoroolka
2. Suuxdin
maskaxda si ay u joojiyaan dareenka
3. Calool istaag
dareemayaasha.
Doorashada antiemetic waxay ku xiran
Nooca antiemetic-ku wuxuu wax ka
tahay sababta lalabo iyo matag.
taraa waxyeellada xun/dhinaca
NOOCYADA
1. Serotonin antagonist
2.Dopamine antagonist
3.Antihistamiin
4.Glucocorticoids
5. Benzodiazepine
6.Anticholinergics
1.Labo 1.Glaucoma xagal cidhiidhi ah
2. Matag 2.Corticosteroids waa
3.Gastroenteritis ka hortagga caabuqyada aan la
daweyn
4.Chemotherapy
5.Motion xanuun

1.Qiimee isdhexgalka/diidmada 1. Bar bukaanka marka la isticmaalayo
dawooyinka afka laga qaato, inuu qaato hal
3.La soco dareeraha iyo heerka korantada
4. Dhig macmiilka booska ubaxa si looga saac ka hor safarka si looga hortago
hortago hamiga jirrooyinka dhaqdhaqaaqa.

5. Bixi taxaddar badbaado haddii macmiilku
hurdo
6.Maamul antiemetics ka hor
daawaynta/hababka sababa
lallabbo.
7. Yaree qaadashada afka ee macmiilku lallabbo
ama matag.
391 / 601
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Fasalka Dawooyinka: Laxatives Mindhicirka

Daawooyinka
Bulk-samaynta: Psyllium, Methylcellulose Kiciya:
Senna. Osmotics: Magnesium Hydroxide
1.GI qaska
Daawooyinka caloosha jilcisa waxay kor u qaadaan baabi'inta mindhicirka.
Noocyada: 2. Fuuqbaxa
1. Daawooyinka caloosha jilcisa ee buk- 3.Electrolyt dheelitir la'aanta
sameeya: waxay ka nuugtaa biyaha lumen
xiidmaha iyo saxarada si ay u kordhiso
xajmiga saxarada una jilciso saxarada.
2.Osmotic Laxatives: waxay sababtaa
cadaadiska osmotic ee kor u kaca lumen
mindhicirka (iyo xajinta biyaha).
Saxarada waxay noqotaa semifluid.
3. Daawooyinka kicinaya caloosha: waxay kiciyaan

dhaqdhaqaaqa xiidmaha
1. Calool istaag 1. mindhicirka oo xidhma
2. Ka hortag cadaadis ku yimaada
bukaanada postop
3. mindhicirka faaruq ee daryeelka ka hor
4. Qaado muunada saxarada

5. Iskudhisyo sun ah oo afka
laga qaato

isdhexgalka/diidmada cunto fiber badan
2.La soco dareerayaasha iyo heerarka
2. Wax ku baro bukaanka
elektrolytka
3.Dhiirigelinta korodhka jimicsiga qaadashada dareeraha
4. Isticmaalka caloosha jilcisa waa in uu 3.Bukaan-socodka wax ku baro
ahaado ku meel gaar
korodhka qaadashada dareeraha
392/601
Barashada Maandooriyaha Gastro
393/601
Daawooyinka kaadi-mareenka
Fluoroquinolones
Sulfonamides
Thiazide Diuretics
Biyo-baxayaasha Potassium Sparing
Loop Diuretics
394/601
Nooca daawada: Fluoroquinolones Daawooyinka kaadi-mareenka

Daawooyinka
Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin
Flouroquinolones waxay faragelisaa 1.Madax xanuun

DNA gryase (ensaymes) oo ay u 2.lulmo
baahan tahay bakteeriyada si ay u 3.Dawakhaad
abuurto DNA 4.Labo
5. Matag
6.Photosensitivity
7. murugada dhuuxa lafta
8. Caabuqyo badan
1. Daawaynta caabuqyada neef-mareenka, 1.Dareen-xumo
maqaarka iyo kaadi-mareenka (oo ay 2. Suuxdin
3. Xanuunada kelyaha
keento E. coli)
4. Uurka/carruurta
Isdhexgalka
1.Antacid
2. Bir
3.Calcium
4.Magnesium
1.Qiimee dhaqanka iyo natiijooyinka dareenka Wax ku baro bukaanka
2.La soco dareen-celinta xasaasiyadda a. dhamaystirka nidaamka
3. Ha siin daawaynta antacids, iron, daawaynta
calcium ama magnesium b. soo sheeg haddii calaamaduhu sii jiraan
supplements c. kordhinta qaadashada dareeraha
4.Ku dhiiri geli kordhinta qaadashada dareeraha d. ka fogow daawaynta leh

5.La soco I iyo O antacid, iron, calcium iyo
6.La soco qiimaha shaybaadhka kelyaha magnesium
395/601
Heerka daroogada: Sulfonamides Daawooyinka kaadi-mareenka

Daawooyinka
sulfadiazine, sulfasalazine
Sulfonamides waxay joojisaa habka dheef-shiid 1.Labo

kiimikaadka lagama maarmaanka u ah shaqada 2. Matag
iyo koritaanka unugyada bakteeriyada. 3. Shuban
5.Hepatotoxicity
Waxay joojisaa isku-dhafka folic acid.
6.Nephrotoxicity
7.Photosensitivity
Sulfonamide blocks
8. Dhaawaca kelyaha: natiijada
paraaminobenzoic acid si looga hortago
isku dhafka folic acid crystalluria
9.Dareen-xumo
1.UTI 1.Dareen-xumo
2. Trachoma 2. Cudurka kelyaha/hepatic
3. Uurka

2.Hx dareen-xumo a. dhamaystirka nidaamka
3.La soco qaadashada iyo wax soo saarka daawaynta
4.Dhiirigelinta qaadashada dareeraha b. soo sheeg haddii calaamaduhu sii jiraan
c. isticmaalka muraayada qorraxda
d. kordhinta qaadashada dareeraha
396/601
Nooca daawada: Thiazide Diuretics Daawooyinka kaadi-mareenka
Daawooyinka
Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide, Metolazone
Diuretics Thiazide waxay kordhisaa 1.hypotension

soodhiyamka iyo soosaarka biyaha 2.Hyponatremia
ee tuubada fog. 3.Hypokalemia
4.Hyperglycemia
5.Hypercalcemia
Thiazide waa diuresis khafiif ah 6.Hyperuremia
marka loo eego loop diuretics 7. Daal/daciifnimo
1. Dhiig karka 1. Dheecaannada iyo electrolyte-ka oo aan dheeli tirnayn
2.Bararka 3. SLE
Isdhexgalka:
qaadashada bukaanka
1.Digoxin: waxay sababi kartaa sunta
digoxin sababtoo ah isbeddelka
heerarka potassium
2. Lithium: waxay sababi kartaa lithium
toxicity
3.Corticosteroids
4.Daawaynta xanuunka macaanka

isdhexgalka/diidmada kordhinta potassium ee
cuntada
2.Waxbarasho bukaan ee
3.La soco electrolytes, heerka ka hortagga orthostatic
hypotension: si tartiib ah
gulukooska, BUN & creatinine
beddelo booska
4.La soco wax soo saarka kaadida/miisaanka 3.Bukaanada macaanka qaba
waa inay la socdaan dhiigga
gulukoosta si joogto ah.
397/601
Fasalka Dawooyinka: Maadada-Potassium-Sparing Diuretics Daawooyinka kaadi-mareenka

Daawooyinka
Spironolactone
Amiloride
Dheecaannada potassium-ka ilaalisa 1.Hyperkalemia-weyn

waxay sababaan qashin-saarka sodium ee
tuubada fog, iyadoo kor u qaadeysa sii- walaac
haynta potassium-ka.
2. caajisnimo
Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa bukaanada 3. Arrhythmias
leh khatarta sare ee hypokalemia.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, walaaca ugu

weyn ee diuretics-ka ilaaliya potassium
waa la socodka hyperkalemia
1. Dhiig karka 1. Cudurka kelyaha
2.Cudurka Hepatic
2.Bararka 3.Hyperkalemia
3. Dheecaannada oo ku haynta heerka Isdhexgalka:
1. Lithium
labaad ee xaalad 2.ACE Inhibitos
Digniin:
1.Bukaan qaadashada
kaabayaasha potassium
2.Bukaan qaba cudurka macaanka

isdhexgalka/diidmada
cunto potassium yar
3.La soco heerarka elektrolytka iyo calaamadaha
(fiiri heerarka potassium) hyperkalemia
4.La soco calaamadaha
hyperkalemia
5. La soco ECG si aad u ogaato mowjadda ugu sarreysa
ee T (calaamadaha hyperkalemia) iyo
dysrhythmia
398/601
Nooca daawada: Loop Diuretics Daawooyinka kaadi-mareenka
Daawooyinka
Furosemide
Torsemide
Diuretics loop wuxuu yareeyaa dib u 1.Hypotension/orthostatic
nuugista sodium iyo chloride ee kor
hypotension
u kaca Loop ee Henle.
2.Hyponatremia
(Haddaba magaca-loop diuretics saamaynta 3.Hypokalemia
ugu weyn waxay ku jirtaa Loop of Henle.)
4.Maqal la'aan: sababtoo ah qulqulka
Diuretics loop wuxuu keeni karaa isbeddel ku degdega ah ee duritaanka IV furosemide

yimaada wax soo saarka wadnaha iyo BP
sababtoo ah awoodiisa marka la barbar dhigo
diuretics thiazide.
1. Dhiig karka 1.Dareen-xumo
2.Anuria
2.Barar ay sababto HF, cudurka
3.Kooma cagaarshow
kelyaha 4. Koronto-yarida daran
3.Bararka sambabada oo aad u daran Isdhexgalka:
1.Digoxin
2. Lithium
3.Aminoglycoside
4.Anticoagulants
1.Qiimee 1.Waxbarasho bukaan ee
isdhexgalka/diidmada ka hortagga orthostatic
2.La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah: BP,P hypotension: si tartiib ah
3.Monitor electrolytes, heerka beddelo booska

gulukooska, BUN & creatinine, uric acid
399 / 601
Daraasadda Dawooyinka ee xubnaha taranka
400/601
Antibiyootiga
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
Sulfonamide
Fluoroquinolones
Antimycobacteria
401 / 601
nursebossstore.com
Nooca daawada: Penicillin Antibiyootiga

Daawooyinka
Penicillins, Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
Antibiyootigyada Penicillinase-U adkaysta

Penicillins waxay joojisaa derbiga unugyada bakteeriyada
1.Xasaasiyadda
isku duubni. Penicillin waxay ka hortagtaa
2. Infekshannada sare: marka antibiyootiga ay
bakteeriyada inay isticmaasho walaxda muramic
carqaladeeyaan flora caadiga ah taasoo keenta
acid peptide ee lagama maarmaanka u ah
caabuqyo cusub (infekshan khamiirka)
derbiga unugyada dibadda ee bakteeriyada.
Sidaa darteed, gidaarka unugga bakteeriyada
ayaa barara, dilaaca oo dhintaa. 3.GI: lalabo, matag, calool

xanuun, shuban, glossitis,
stomatitis, gastritis, carrab
dhogorta leh, af xanuun
1. Daaweynta caabuqa 1. Cudurka kelyaha
streptococcal 2.Dareen-xumo
2. Daawaynta meningococcal
meningitis
3. Caabuqyada bakteeriyada

1.Qiimee warbixinnada dhaqanka iyo dareenka Wax ku baro bukaanka
2.Qiimee is dhexgalka/diidmada a. dhamaystirka nidaamka daawaynta
3.Hx ee xasaasiyadda daroogada b. soo sheeg haddii calaamaduhu sii jiraan
4.Monitor for hypersensitivity ka dib c. calaamadaha caabuqa

maamulka daroogada
5. Jooji daawada marka fal-celin xasaasiyadeed la
ogaado (dhakhtar ogeysii)
6. Dareen-celinta xasaasiyadda fudud: diphenhydramine
7. Dareen-celinta xasaasiyadda daran: epinephrine SC
ama IV
402/601
nursebossstore.com
Nooca daroogada: Cephalosporin Antibiyootiga

Daawooyinka
Jiilka 1aad Ceph: Cefazolin, Gen 2aad Ceph: Cefoxitin
3-aad Gen Ceph: Cefoperazone, 4-aad Gen Ceph: Cefipime
Cephalosporins waxay joojisaa isku-darka gidaarka unugyada
bakteeriyada.
1. Infekshannada
Kala soocida: 2.GI qaska
1.Cephalosporins jiilka koowaad : wax ku
ool u ah bakteeriyada garaam-positive 3. Nephrotoxicity (gaar ahaan
iyo gram-negative.
2.Jiilka labaad ee cephalosporins: dadka waayeelka ah)
Waxtar ka yar bakteeriyada garaam-
positive.
3.Jiilka saddexaad ee cephalosporins: daciif ka Saamaynta Xun
ah bakteeriyada garaam-positive, oo awood
1.Xasaasiyadda
u leh bacilli gram-negative
4.Jiilka afraad ee cephalosporins :
firfircoon oo ka dhan ah noolaha
garaam-negative iyo garaam-positive
1.UTI oo uu keeno E. coli 1.Dareen-xumo
2. caabuq nabarka qaliinka 2. Kelyaha/hepatic liidnimo
3.Gram-negative meningitis
bakteeriyada
4. daaw infekshanka naxwe
ahaaneed ee u adkaysta
5. Caabuqyada bakteeriyada

1.Monitor Wax ku baro bukaanka
dareen la'aan/superinfections a. dhamaystirka nidaamka
2.La soco I/O iyo heerarka creatinine daawaynta
(Bukaanada qaba hx ee kelyaha oo yaraada) b. soo sheeg haddii calaamaduhu sii jiraan
3. La soco goobta IV ee xinjirowga dhiigga c. calaamadaha caabuqa

(xanuun, barar iyo casaan) d. Iska ilaali khamriga
403 / 601
nursebossstore.com
Heerka daroogada: Aminoglycosides Antibiyootiga

Daawooyinka
amikacin, gentamicin
Aminoglycosides waxay joojisaa isku-darka 1.Ototoxicity (waxay u horseedi kartaa dhego-la'aan)
borotiinka bakteeriyada. Saamaynta 2.GI: lallabbo, matag, shuban,

Waxay joojiyaan tarjumaadda mRNA ee sunta beerka, miisaanka oo yaraada,
borotiinka iyagoo si aan ka noqosho lahayn stomatitis
ugu xidha bakteeriyada ribosome. 3.Wadnaha: hypertension, garaaca wadnaha,
hypotension
4.Dareen-xumo
5.Nephrotoxicity: hematuria, proteinuria,
korodhka heerarka BUN, hoos u dhac
soo saarka kaadida.
6.Jahwareer, jahawareer
1. Caabuqyo halis ah/nafta 1.Dareen-xumo
halis gelinaya 2. Cudurka kelyaha/hepatic
3. Myasthenia gravis
4. Parkinson
5. Herpes (infekshan firfircoon)
6.Maqal la'aan

2.La soco calaamadaha nephrotoxicity a. dhamaystirka nidaamka
3. Bixi tallaabooyinka badbaadada sababtoo ah daawaynta
saamaynta CNS b. soo sheeg haddii calaamaduhu sii socdaan
4.La soco shaqada kelyaha iyo beeryarada c. isbeddelka qaabka kaadida

(saamaynta sunta ee kelyaha)
d. ka warbixinta tinnitus kasta
404 / 601
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Nooca daawada: Tetracycline Antibiyootiga

Daawooyinka
Doxycycline, minocycline
Tetracycline waa spectrum ballaaran 1.Labo

waxayna joojisaa isku-darka borotiinka 2. Matag
taasoo sababta awood la'aanta koritaanka 3. Gubashada Epigastric
bakteeriyada 4. Stomatitis
5.Glossitis
6.Photosensitivity iyo finan
1.Pneumonia 1.Dareen-xumo
2. Cudurka Lyme 2. Cudurka kelyaha/hepatic
3.Infekshannada ilmo-galeenka
3. Uurka
4.Caruurta ka yar 8
Isdhexgalka
1.Penicillin
2.Cephalosporin

2. Ha siin tetracycline carruurta ka yar a. dhamaystirka nidaamka
8- (tetracycline waxay keeni kartaa daawaynta
dhaawac ilkaha iyo lafaha) b. soo sheeg haddii calaamaduhu sii jiraan
3. Iska ilaali in aad ku siiso tetracycline c. isticmaalka muraayada qorraxda
alaab xusuus qor ah ama antacid
405/601
nursebossstore.com
Heerka daroogada: Sulfonamides Antibiyootiga

Daawooyinka
sulfadiazine, sulfasalazine
Sulfonamides waxay joojisaa habka dheef-shiid 1.Labo

kiimikaadka lagama maarmaanka u ah shaqada 2. Matag
iyo koritaanka unugyada bakteeriyada. 3. Shuban
5.Hepatotoxicity
Waxay joojisaa isku-dhafka folic acid.
6.Nephrotoxicity
7.Photosensitivity
Sulfonamide blocks
8. Dhaawaca kelyaha: natiijada
paraaminobenzoic acid si looga hortago
isku dhafka folic acid crystalluria
9.Dareen-xumo
1.UTI 1.Dareen-xumo
2. Trachoma 2. Cudurka kelyaha/hepatic
3. Uurka

2.Hx dareen-xumo a. dhamaystirka nidaamka
3.La soco qaadashada iyo wax soo saarka daawaynta
4.Dhiirigelinta qaadashada dareeraha b. soo sheeg haddii calaamaduhu sii jiraan
c. isticmaalka muraayada qorraxda
d. kordhinta qaadashada dareeraha
406 / 601
nursebossstore.com
Nooca daawada: Fluoroquinolones Antibiyootiga

Daawooyinka
Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin
Flouroquinolones waxay faragelisaa 1.Madax xanuun

DNA gryase (ensaymes) oo ay u 2.lulmo
baahan tahay bakteeriyada si ay u 3.Dawakhaad
abuurto DNA 4.Labo
5. Matag
6.Photosensitivity
8. Caabuqyo badan
1. Daawaynta caabuqyada neef-mareenka, 1.Dareen-xumo
maqaarka iyo kaadi-mareenka (oo ay 2. Suuxdin
3. Xanuunada kelyaha
keento E. coli)
4. Uurka/carruurta
Isdhexgalka
1.Antacid
2. Bir
3.Calcium
4.Magnesium
2.La soco dareen-celinta xasaasiyadda a. dhamaystirka nidaamka
3. Ha siin daawaynta antacids, iron, daawaynta
calcium ama magnesium b. soo sheeg haddii calaamaduhu sii jiraan
supplements c. kordhinta qaadashada dareeraha
4.Ku dhiiri geli kordhinta qaadashada dareeraha d. ka fogow daawaynta leh

5.La soco I iyo O antacid, iron, calcium iyo
6.La soco qiimaha shaybaadhka kelyaha magnesium
407/601
Nooca daawada: Antimycobacteria Antibiyootiga

Daawooyinka
isoniazid (INH), rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, iyo streptomycin

1.Peripheral neuropathy
Laba hab oo hawleed oo waaweyn: a.
2. cagaarshow
xakamaynta isku-dhafka gidaarka
3. Midab-doorsooma dareeraha jidhka
unugga
4. Finan
b. waxay saamaysaa DNA-da iyo/ama RNA ee
5.Madax xanuun
bakteeriyada
6.Dhacdo
7.lulmo
Daawooyinka ugu waaweyn ee loo
8.Labo
isticmaalo qaaxada waa isoniazid (INH),
9. Matag
rifampin, ethambutol,
10. Anorexia,
pyrazinamide, iyo streptomycin.
11. Caloosha oo kacsan
12. calool xanuun
1. Qaaxada 1.Dareen-xumo
2. Baraska 2. Cudurka kelyaha/hepatic

1. Ku dhiiri geli bukaanka inuu u hoggaansamo Wax ku baro bukaanka
nidaamka daawaynta a. dhamaystirka nidaamka
2.Maamulka fitamiin B6 isoniazid si daawaynta
looga hortago neuropathy peripheral b. daawaynta TB waxay qaadataa
3. La soco cagaarshowga ( cagaarshowga, ugu yaraan 6 bilood
kaadi madow, beerka oo weyn) c. Cuntada: waxaa ku badan fitamiin B6
4. La soco calaamadaha dhaawaca d. La socodka miisaanka

beerka (ALT oo sarreeya, AST sare) e. Iska ilaali khamriga
5.La soco miisaanka bukaanka

408 / 601
Antibiyootigyada Dawada
409 / 601
Dawooyinka Neerfaha
NSAIDs
Salicylates
Acetaminophen
Daawooyinka xanuunka Opioid
Morphine sulfate
Meperidine HCL
Hydromorphone
Anticholinesterases
Benzodiazepines
Hydantoins
Barbiturates
410/601
nursebossstore.com
Fasalka Dawooyinka: Dawooyinka aan isteeroydhiska ee ka hortagga bararka
Daawooyinka
ibuprofen, diclofenac

NSAIDs-yadu waxay leeyihiin sifooyin ka-hortagga
1.Dysrhythmias
bararka, xanuunka xanuunka iyo dawooyinka antipyretic.
2.Dawakhsi
NSAIDs waxay joojisaa isku dhafka prostaglandin
3.GI khalkhal/dhiigbaxa GI
4.hypotension
Noocyada:
1. NSAIDs-jiilka kowaad: waxay joojiyaan 5.Hepatotoxicity

COX-1 iyo COX-2 waxaana loo isticmaalaa 6. Tinnitus
in lagu daweeyo xanuunada bararka.
2. Jiilka labaad ee NSAIDs: waxay joojisaa
COX-2 kaliya. Waxay joojisaa xanuunka
iyo bararka
1. Rheumatoid arthritis-ka iyo 1.Dareen-xumo
2. Boogaha bararka
osteoarthritis
3. Xanuunada dhiiga
2.Dysmenorrhea 4. Cudurka kelyaha ama cagaarshowga
3. Yaraynta qandhada Isdhexgalka

1.Dawada xinjirowga lidka ku ah
2. Sulfonamides, phenytoin

1.Qiimee isdhexgalka/diidmada 1.Waxbarasho bukaanka
2.La soco bararka habka dawada, dhinacyada
3. Bixinta daryeelka taageerada iyo waxyeelada
4. Joogtaynta fuuq-baxa
5.La soco saamaynta xun
411 / 601
nursebossstore.com
Nooca daroogada: Salicylates Daawooyinka Neerfaha

Daawooyinka
ASPIRIN (acetylsalicylic acid)

Salicylates waxay joojisaa isku-dhafka
1.Dawakhaad
prostaglandin. Salicylates waxay
2. Tinnitus
leeyihiin anti-bararka, antipyretic iyo
3.Maskax wareer/ hurdo
xanuunka xanuunka.
4.GI qas
Aspirin wuxuu xakameeyaa 5.Isbeddel muuqaal ah
isu-ururinta platelet isagoo 6. Dhiigbax

ka hortagaya isku dhafka 7.hoos u dhaca shaqada kelyaha
thromboxane A2
1. Rheumatoid arthritis-ka iyo 1.Dareen-xumo
osteoarthritis 2. Xanuunada dhiiga
3. Shaqooyinka beerka/kalyaha oo daciifa
2.Dysmenorrhea
4.Carruurta/dhallinyarada leh
3. Yaraynta qandhada
calaamadaha hargabka, busbuska,
4. Cadaadiska
hargabka (khatarta Reye's
xinjirowga dhiigga syndrome)

1.Qiimee isdhexgalka/diidmada 1.Ku baro bukaanka habka
2.La soco bararka daawaynta, dhinacyada iyo
3.La soco calaamadaha dhiigbaxa saamaynta xun
4.La soco serum salicylate
5.Ku maamul dawada cunto si loo
yareeyo saamaynta GI
412/601
nursebossstore.com
Daawooyinka: Acetaminophen Daawooyinka Neerfaha

Daawooyinka
Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen waxay joojisaa
1.Labo
prostaglandin synthesis (oo ku xaddidan
2. Matag
CNS oo aan ahayn durugsan)
3.Hepatotoxicity
4.Oliguria
5. Finan
1.xanuun 1.Dareen-xumo
2. Qandho 2.khamriga
3. Shaqooyinka beerka/kalyaha oo daciifa
3.Isticmaalka la door biday ee carruurta
4. Beddelka bukaanada leh

sunta aspirin

1.Qiimee isdhexgalka/diidmada 1. Wax ka baro bukaanka wakhtiga
2.Monitor VS loo cayimay isticmaalka
3.La soco enzymes beerka daawada.
4.Antidote of acetaminophen:
acetylcysteine
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Fasalka Dawooyinka: Xanuunka xanuunka Opioid Daawooyinka Neerfaha

Daawooyinka
Morphine Sulfate, Pethidine, Fentanyl, Tramadol

Xanuunada xanuunka opioid oo si dhexe u shaqeeya
1. Niyadjabka neefsiga
u dhaqmo sidii agonist adiga oo kicinaya soo-
2. Qufac yaraaday: sababtoo ah
dhoweeyayaasha opioid ee gaarka ah ee CNS taas
xannibaadda falcelinta qufaca
oo keenta xanuunka xanuunka,
3. Madax-fudud, dawakhaad
raynrayn, iyo suuxdin.
4.Labo iyo matag
5.Kaadi haynta
Waxay joojisaa dareenka xanuunka.
6. Calool istaag
7. caajisnimo iyo hurdo
8. Dhiig karka dambe
9. Dhidid
1.xanuun 1.Dareen-xumo
2.Daawaynta ka hor 2. Habacsanaanta neefsiga
3. Dhaawaca Madaxa
4. Kordhinta ICP
5. Cudurada beerka iyo kelyaha
oo daran
6.Hemorrhage

1.Qiimee isdhexgalka/diidmada 1.Ku dhiiri geli neefsashada qoto
2.Qiimee xanuunka
3.Monitor VS (BP, P, RR, SPO2)- Daawo dheer iyo qufaca
qaado oo ogaysii HCP haddii uu jiro 2.Iska ilaali dhaqdhaqaaqyada
bradycardia, hypotension, niyad-jabka
u baahan feejignaan
neefsashada
4.Auscultate sanqadha sambabada
5. Bixiyaan maaraynta xanuunka aan
dawooyinka ahayn ee opioids
6.La soco qaadashada iyo wax soo saarka.
7.Qiimee xajinta kaadida
8. Bixinta taxaddarrada badbaadada
9. Gacanta ku hay antidote/opioid antagonist.
414 / 601
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DAAWOOYINKA NEURO
Magaca Guud: Magaca Guud: Magaca Guud:
Morphine sulfate Meperidine HCL Hydromorphone
Magaca Ganacsiga: Magaca Ganacsiga: Magaca Ganacsiga:
Avinza Pethidine Dilaudid

Nooca daroogada: Nooca daroogada: Nooca daroogada:
Daawooyinka xanuunka Opioid Daawooyinka xanuunka Opioid Daawooyinka xanuunka Opioid
Habka Waxqabadka: Habka Waxqabadka: Habka Waxqabadka:

Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhexe ee opioids analgesics Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhexe ee opioids analgesics Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhexe ee opioids analgesics
waxay u dhaqmaan sidii agonist iyaga oo waxay u dhaqmaan sidii agonist iyaga oo waxay u dhaqmaan sidii agonist iyaga oo
kicinaya soo-dhoweeyayaasha opioid ee kicinaya soo-dhoweeyayaasha opioid ee kicinaya soo-dhoweeyayaasha opioid ee
gaarka ah ee CNS taas oo keenta xanuunka gaarka ah ee CNS taas oo keenta xanuunka gaarka ah ee CNS taas oo keenta xanuunka
xanuunka, dareenka, iyo suuxdinta. xanuunka, dareenka, iyo suuxdinta. xanuunka, dareenka, iyo suuxdinta.
Isticmaalka daaweynta: Isticmaalka daaweynta: Isticmaalka daaweynta:
Xanuun Xanuun Xanuun
Daawooyinka qalliinka ka hor Daawooyinka qalliinka ka hor
Saamaynta Dhinacyada/Xunnada leh: Saamaynta Dhinacyada/Xunnada leh: Saamaynta Dhinacyada/Xunnada leh:
1. Niyadjabka neefsiga 1.hypotension 1. Niyadjabka neefsiga

2. Orthostatic hypotension 2.Dawakhsi 2. Calool istaag
3. Calool istaag 3.lulmo
4. Suuxdin, Jahwareer 4.Urinary Retention
5.Kaadi haynta
Contraindications: Contraindications: Contraindications:
Dareen-xumo Dareen-xumo Dareen-xumo
Dhaawaca madaxa oo Dhaawaca madaxa oo Dhaawaca madaxa oo
shaqayn waayay shaqayn waayay shaqayn waayay
ICP oo kordhay ICP oo kordhay ICP oo kordhay
Cudurka beerka iyo kelyaha oo Cudurka beerka iyo kelyaha oo Cudurka beerka iyo kelyaha oo
daran daran daran
Dhiigbax Dhiigbax Dhiigbax
Tixgelinta Kalkaaliyeyaasha: Tixgelinta Kalkaaliyeyaasha:
Tixgelinta Kalkaaliyeyaasha:
1.Monitor VS 1.Monitor VS 1.Monitor VS
2.La soco calaamadaha 2.La soco calaamadaha 2.La soco calaamadaha
niyad-jabka neefsashada niyad-jabka neefsashada niyad-jabka neefsashada

3.Dhiirigelin qoto dheer 3.Dhiirigelin qoto dheer 3.Dhiirigelin qoto dheer
jimicsiga neefsashada jimicsiga neefsashada jimicsiga neefsashada

4.Dhiirigelin qoto dheer 4.Dhiirigelin qoto dheer 4.Dhiirigelin qoto dheer
neefsashada iyo qufaca neefsashada iyo qufaca neefsashada iyo qufaca

5.Iska ilaali dhaqdhaqaaqyada 5.Iska ilaali dhaqdhaqaaqyada 5.Iska ilaali dhaqdhaqaaqyada
u baahan feejignaan u baahan feejignaan u baahan feejignaan
6.Antidote: nalaxone
415/601
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Nooca daroogada: Anticholinesterases
Daawooyinka
Ambenonium chloride
Edrophonium
Loo isticmaalo in lagu daweeyo daciifnimada muruqa gudaha
1. Dhaqdhaqaaqa GI oo kordhay
myasthenia gravis.
2.Pupillary miosis
Anticholinesterases waxay
3. Bronchospasm
xannibaysaa burburka acetylcholine.
4. Kordhi dheecaanka bronki
5. Dhidid
6.hypotension
7. Bradycardia
8.Dawakhaad
1. Myasthenia gravis 1.Dareen-xumo
2.Peritonitis
3.GI xannibaadda

1.Qiimee isdhexgalka/diidmada 1.Ku baro bukaan-socodka isticmaalka
2.La soco calaamadaha qalalaasaha cholinergic iyo maandooriyaha, saameyn/waxyeello xun.
xiisadda myasthenic 2.In bukaanka lagu baro

3.Qiimee xaalada neuromuscular dawooyin cunto si looga
4. Bixi tallaabooyinka badbaadada hortago lalabo, matag
iyo shuban
416 / 601
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Dawooyinka: Dawooyinka Dopaminergic
Daawooyinka
Apomorphine, amantadine

Dawooyinka Dopaminergic waxay kiciyaan
1.Muruqa oo gariir
daaweeyayaasha dopamine iyo
2.xanuun laabta
kordhinta feejignaanta dopamine.
3.Labo iyo matag
4.Kaadi haynta
5.Jahwareer
6.Hallucinations
7. Calool istaag
8. Orthostatic hypotension
1.Cudurka Parkinson 1.Dareen-xumo
2.Glaucoma
3.Cudurka maskaxda

1.Qiimee isdhexgalka/diidmada 1.Ku dhiiri geli bukaanka
2.Qiimee VS si tartiib ah u beddel booska si
3. Ogsoonow in karbidopa-levodopa ay sababi aad u yarayso orthostatic
karto qalalaasaha hypertensive hypotension
4. Bixinta taxaddarrada badbaadada 2.Ka fogow khamriga
417/601
Daawooyinka: Benzodiazepines Daawooyinka Neerfaha

Daawooyinka
XAFLAD: PAM. LAM
Diazepam, Lorazepam
Benzodiazepines ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daweeyo
1. Suuxdin, hurdo
qalal maqnaansho.
2. BP isbedel
Waxay wanaajiyaan saamaynta GABA
3.hypotension
taasoo keenta suuxin, hurdo qabad, ka-
4. Aragti khaldan
hortagga walaaca,
anticonvulsant, iyo sifooyinka 5.Hepatoxicity
nasashada muruqa 6. Niyadjabka neefsiga
1.Walaaca qalliinka ka hor 1.Dareen-xumo
2. Suuxdin 2. Myasthenia gravis
3. Spams muruqa lafaha 3.COPD
4. Bronchitis
5. Hurdada hurdada

1.ka hortagga suuxdinta 1. Wax ku baro bukaanka:
2. Bixinta taxadarka badbaadada a. Iska ilaali khamriga iyo OTC
3.La soco qiimaha shaybaadhka b. Ka digtoonow marka
4.La soco tijaabada shaqada kelyaha qabashada hawlo u

5.La soco baaritaanka shaqada beerka baahan feejignaan
6.Antidote: Flumazenil
418/601
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Daawo: Hydantoins Daawooyinka Neerfaha

Daawooyinka
Phenytoin

Wuxuu xannibaa kanaalada soodhiyamka wuxuuna xannibaa
1. Suuxdin, hurdo
neurons-ka rasaasta si ay u xasiliyaan
2.Labo
xuubabka habdhiska dhexe ee neerfayaasha
3. Matag
4.Nystagmus
5.Yaree tirada platelet
6. Kordhi heerka gulukooska serum
7.hypotension
8. Aragti khaldan
1. Suuxdin 1.Dareen-xumo
2.Dhibaatooyinka maskaxda
3. shaqada kelyaha iyo beeryarada oo

daciifa
4. Uurka
Isdhexgalka:
Ka hortagga uurka ee afka


6.Phenytoin waa in la siiyaa si tartiib tartiib
ah si looga hortago hypotension
419 / 601
Daawo: Barbiturates Daawooyinka Neerfaha

Daawooyinka
XAFLAD: garqaad
Phenobarbital, butabarbital
Waxay kicisaa ka hortagga
1. Suuxdin, hurdo
habka neurotransmitter ee
2.hypotension
maskaxda.
3. Niyadjabka neefsiga
1. suuxdin tonic-clonic 1.Dareen-xumo
2. Intubation/ suuxdin 2.Dhibaatooyinka maskaxda
3. shaqada kelyaha iyo beeryarada oo

daciifa
4. Uurka


6.La socoshada ECG
7.La soco calaamadaha caabuqa
420/601
Barashada Dawooyinka Neerfaha
421/601
Daawooyinka Ka-hortagga Sonkorowga
Insulin
Biguanides
Sulphonylureas
422/601
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Daawooyinka
Lispro, Lantus, Joogta ah, NPH

Insulintu waxay badashaa insuliinka endogenous.
1.Hypoglycemia
Waxay fududaysaa raridda
2. Falcelinta goobta duridda
nafaqooyinka cuntada la dheefshiiday
ee xuubka unugyada.
Insulin
Dhaqdhaqaaqa degdega ah: Lispro Ku-simaha Gaaban: Joogtada ah (R)
Bilawga: 15min Bilawga: 30min

ugu sarreysa: 1 saac Ugu sarreeya: 2-5 saacadood
Tilmaamaha: Muddada: 2-4 saacadood Muddada: 3-6 saacadood
1. Nooca 1aad ee xanuunka macaanka

Ku-simaha Dhexe: NPH Dhaqdhaqaaqa dheer: Lantus
2. Nooca 2aad ee xanuunka macaanka Bilawga: 1-2 saacadood Bilawga: 1-2 saacadood
3. ketoacidosis-ka macaanka Ugu sarreeya: 4--12 saacadood Ugu sarreysa: ma jiro waqti ugu
Muddada: 12-18 saacadood sarreeya Duration: 24 hours
Contraindications:
1.Hypoglycemia

1.Qiimee calaamadaha iyo astaamaha 1.Bukaan wax ku baro
hypoglycemia la socodka gulukooska
2.Maamulo daawaynta iyadoo la isticmaalayo 2. Wax ka baro bukaanka is-
goobta hoose ee jirka. maamulka insulinta
3. Ku wareeji goobta duridda
4. Ku kaydi insulin meel qabow

5. Ha siin insulin meelaha bararsan,
guduudan ama cuncun leh
6. Bixi daryeelka maqaarka wanaagsan iyo daryeelka cagaha
423/601
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Nooca daawada: Biguanides: Metformin Daawooyinka Ka-hortagga Sonkorowga

Daawooyinka
Metformin

Iska yaree wax soo saarka gulukoosta
1.Yaree rabitaanka cuntada
beerka iyo sidoo kale waxay yaraynaysaa
2.Labo
caabbinta insulin.
3. Shuban
4.Vitamin B12 yaraan
1. Nooca 2aad ee xanuunka macaanka 1.Dareen-xumo
2.PCOS 2. Nooca 1aad ee xanuunka macaanka

1.Qiimee calaamadaha muhiimka ah iyo heerka gulukoosta 1.Bar bukaanka calaamadaha
dhiigga hypoglycemia
2. Jooji metformin ka dib daraasadda shucaaca 2.Ku baro bukaan socodka cunto
(iyadoo la isticmaalayo dheeha IV) karbohaydrayt hooseeya
3.La soco heerka nafaqada 3.Bukaan-socodka wax ku baro

4.Maamulka kaabista Vitamin B12 la socodka gulukooska
424/601
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Nooca daawada: Sulphonylureas Daawooyinka Ka-hortagga Sonkorowga

Daawooyinka
Chlorpropamide
Glimepiride
Waxay kicisaa dheecaanka insulinta
1.Yaree rabitaanka cuntada
unugyada beta ee xameetida
2.Labo
3. Shuban
4.Hypoglycemia
1. Nooca 2aad ee xanuunka macaanka 1.Dareen-xumo
2.PCOS 2. Nooca 1aad ee xanuunka macaanka

1.Qiimee calaamadaha muhiimka ah iyo heerka gulukoosta 1.Bar bukaanka calaamadaha
dhiigga hypoglycemia
2.La socoshada hypoglycemia 2.Ku baro bukaan socodka cunto
3. U sheeg bukaanka in aan la gelin karbohaydrayt hooseeya
aalkolo leh sulfonylureas 3.Bukaan-socodka wax ku baro

4.La soco heerka nafaqada la socodka gulukooska
425/601
Daraasadda Dawooyinka Ka-hortagga Sonkorowga
426/601
DAAWO
XISAABINTA
thenursebossstore.bigcartel.com 427/601
Daawooyinka
Aasaaska
10 Xuquuqda Daawaynta
Waddooyinka Maamulka Maamulka
1.PO: afka/afka 1. Dawooyinka Saxda ah
2. SubQ: Subcutaneous
2. Bukaanka saxda ah
3. IM: Intramuscular
3. Qiyaasta saxda ah
4. Aqoonsiga: Intradermal
5. SL: Af-luuqad 4. Jidka saxda ah

6.PR: halkii dabada 5. Waqtiga saxda ah
7.NG: tuubada sanka 6. Dukumentiyada saxda ah

8. IV: Xididdada 7. Qiimaynta Saxda ah
9.GT: tuubada gastrostomy 8. Xaqa Diidmada
10. IVP: IV riix
9. Isdhexgalka Dawooyinka Saxda ah
11. IVPB: IV piggyback
10. Waxbarashada saxda ah
1. Cuntada ka hor: ac
2.Cuntada kadib: pc
3. Laba jeer maalintii: dalab
Noocyada Dawooyinka 4. Saddex jeer maalintii: tid

Diyaarinta 5. Afar jeer maalintii: qid
1. Tablet: tab(yada) 6. Maalin kasta: maalin kasta
7.Saac kasta:qh
2.Dhibaato: gtt
8.Labadii saacba:q2h
3. Ka joojinta: ka joojinta
9.Afartii saacba:q4h
4. Suppository: supp 10.Lixdii saacba:q6h
5.Enteric dahaarka leh: EC 11.Sida loo baahan yahay: prn Waqtiyada
6.Elixir: elix 12.Sida la rabo: ad lib Daawooyinka
13.Marka la seexanayo: hs Maamulka
7.Siideynta la xakameeyey: CR
428/601
Qodobbada beddelka
Xusuusnow: beddelaaddu waxay ku salaysnaan kartaa mugga ama miisaanka
Beddelka Miisaanka
Iyada oo ku saleysan
1 kg = 2.2lbs
Mugga 1 lb = 16 oz
Xisaabinta:
Min rodol ilaa kg = u qaybi
2.2
CODKA
Laga bilaabo kg ilaa rodol = ku dhufo
1 mg = 1,000mcg 2.2
1 g = 1,000mg
1 oz = 30ml
8 oz = 1 koob
1 oz = 2 tbsp
1 tsp = 5ml
1 qaado oo ah = 15ml
Beddelka
Iyada oo ku saleysan
1 qaado = 3 tsp
Miisaanka
1 ml = 1cc
1 ml = 5gtts Daryeelka badbaadada leh ee kalkaalinta ayaa
1L = 1,000ml waajibinaya saxnaanta xisaabinta qiyaasaha iyo xalalka.
Xisaabinta daawada, ma jirto meel loogu talagalay
khaladaadka.
Nidaamyada Cabbirka
Waxaa jira saddex hab oo cabbir oo loo isticmaalo qiyaasta
xisaabinta/farmasiga. Taasi waa: a. nidaamka metric, nidaamka apothecary iyo
nidaamka qoyska.
a. Habka cabbirka: garaam (g), milligram (mg), microgram (mcg), kiiloogaraam (kg),
mililiitar (ml) iyo milli u dhigma (mEq)
b. Apothecary (nidaamka taariikhiga ah ee mugga iyo cutubka cufka): minim (min), pint
(pt), dram, wiqiyadood (oz), hadhuudh (gr)
c. Nidaamka qoyska (waxa ay bukaanadu ku isticmaalaan guriga): shaaha (tsp),

qaado (tbsp), gallon (gal), rodol (lb), koobab
429/601
Qaanuunka Aasaaska ee Mugga La Xidhiidha
Amarka dhakhtarka. Tusaale:4mg
Dhakhtarku wuxuu amraa lorazepam 4 mg IV riix.
Ddib u eegis Dos e Mugga Kalkaalisada waxay leedahay fijaan 2 mg/ml ah

gacanta. Immisa ml waa in ay ahaataa
Hayso Mugga ay daawadu la siiyay?
Mugga
ku jirto: 4mg Qiyaasta la rabo
1ml = 2ml
Tusaale: 2mg/1mL 2mgHayso Jawaab
Qiyaasta ay daawadu
ku jirto:
Tusaale:2mg/1ml
Kiniinka Dhakhtarku wuxuu amraa dawada 50 mg/maalintii

po. Kalkaalisada ayaa gacanta ku haysa
Ddib u eegis Dos e Kiniinka 100mg/ tab. Immisa kiniin ah waa inay noqdaan
la siiyay?
Hayso
Kiniinka
50mg Qiyaasta la rabo
1 tab=0.5 tab
100mgHayso Jawaab
Qiyaasaha Carruurta
Xusuusnow: Xisaabinta qiyaasta carruurta waxay ku salaysan tahay miisaanka jidhka (kgs). Had iyo jeer u
beddel rodol Kgs. Foomamka hoose waxaa loo isticmaalaa qiyaasta qiyaasta badbaadada leh.
Miisaanka halkii Kg Qiyaasta halkii Kg = Qadarka la maamulayo
Xisaabi qiyaasta daawada ee mLs ee ilmaha miisaankiisu yahay 22 rodol.

Qiyaasta loo baahan yahay waa 40 mg/kg/maalintii oo loo qaybiyay BID
iyo hakinta waxay ku timaadaa uruurinta 400 mg/5 mL.
Tallaabada 1. U beddelo rodol kg: 22 lb × 1 kg/2.2 lb = 10 kg

Tallaabada 2. Xisaabi qiyaasta mg: 10 kg × 40 mg/kg/day = 400
mg/maalinti
Tallaabada 3. U qaybi qiyaasta inta jeer: 400 mg/maalintii ÷ 2
(BID) = 200 mg/qiyaas BID
Tallaabada 4. U beddel qiyaasta mgka mL: 200 mg/dose ÷ 400 mg/5 mL
= 2.5 mL BID
430/601
Xisaabinta Heerka socodka IV

Xisaabinta: mL/saacaddii Xisaabi 1000ml ee cusbada caadiga ah
in ka badan 2 saacadood.
mLqaddarka inf ah loo isticmaalo= ml/saacaddii

1000ml 500ml saacadii
wadarta saacadaha 2 saacadood
1. Haddii su'aashu ay bixiso litir, u

beddel ml. 1L= 1000ml
2. 2. Haddii su'aashu ay bixiso
daqiiqado, u beddel saacado.
60min=1 saac
Xisaabinta: gtt/min (dhibcood/min)

Isku darka 2000mL cusbada caadiga ah waa in lagu
mL oo qadar ah in lagu shubo
tuurid= gtt/min
shubo 50ml/saacaddii. Qodob hoos u dhaca
daqiiqadaha guud arrin tuubada waa 10gtt/ml
50ml 10 gtt/ml= 8 gtt/min

60min
Xisaabinta: Wakhtiga hadhay ee faleebada

Mugga haray (ml)
Tuur=daqiiqado ayaa dhiman
arrin
Dhibcaha daqiiqadii
Xisaabinta: Bukaanku wuxuu leeyahay faleebo faleebo oo heerkiisu yahay 400
ml. Waxaa loo habeeyey in uu socdo 22 dhibcood daqiiqadii iyadoo la
isticmaalayo macrodrip set oo leh dhibic dhibic 20. Xisaabi wakhtiga haray ee
faleebo.
400ml
20= 363 daqiiqo
22
431/601
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insulins
KalkaaliyahaBossStore
nset nset
h
ga a
15 daqiiqo
ban
30 daqiiqo
e
egd
Gaa
qa D
eak eak xumu

lispro
qaa
lin
1 saac
dha
Jilid
2-4 saac
q
Dha
kaadida kaadida
2-4 saacadood 5-8 saac
nset nset
xaad
r
1-2 saac
hee
1-2 saacadood
ad D
dhe
eak eak
qab
xumu lantu
x
lin s
n
Dhe
Wax
ma jirto meel sare

8 saac
kaadida kaadida
12-18 saac 24 saac
o o r n
haw h a w xumulin xumulin
ka soo qaad cad

daruuro leh
xumulin d Ha isku darin lantus

iri
xumulin
d
n iri
r sa
w
sa
w
432/601
nursebossstore.com Xuquuqda daabacaadda © 2020 by
insulins
KalkaaliyahaBossStore
nset nset
h
ga a
ban
e
egd
Gaa
qa D
eak eak xumu

lispro
qaa
lin
dha
Jilid
q
Dha
kaadida kaadida
nset nset
xaad
r
hee
ad D
dhe
eak eak
qab
xumu lantu
x
lin s
n
Dhe
Wax
kaadida kaadida
o o r n
haw h a w xumulin xumulin
ka soo qaad cad

daruuro leh
xumulin d Ha isku darin lantus

iri
xumulin
d
n iri
r sa
w
sa
w
433/601
HOOYADA
&
CAAFIMAAD ILMAHA
nursebossstore.com
shaxda nuxurka
1.Anatomy iyo Physiology
2.Calaamadaha Uurka
3.Xeerka Naegele
4.Cufis-jiidad iyo sinnaanta
5.GTPAL
6.Dhererka Aasaaska
7.Koritaanka Uurka
8.Isbeddellada Xilliga Uurka
9.Raaxo Xumo Xilliga Uurka
10.Nafaqada Xilliga Uurka
11.Xaaladaha Xilliga Uurka
a.Sonkorowga uurka
b.Dhiig yaraanta Birta
c.Dhiig karka uurka
d.Uurka Ectopic
e.Mandheerta Previa
f.Mandheerta oo lama filaan ah
g.Ilmo soo rididda
h.Caabuqyada Tooshka
12.Foosha iyo Bixinta
a.Foosha
b.Shaqaale Run/Been ah
c.Marxaladaha foosha
d.5Ps
e.XIGASHADA HOOSHA
f.Dhibaatooyinka Foosha
i.Foosha ka hor
ii.Xadhkaha oo soo noqda
13.Xannaanada dhallaanka kadib dhallaanka

a.Lochia
b.Dhiigbaxa dhalmada ka dib
c.Dhibcaha APGAR
d.Caabuqyada dhalmada ka dib
i.UTI
ii.Mastitis
iii.Endometritis 435/601
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anatomy iyo physiology

Habka Taranka Dumarka XUBNAHA GUDAHA
1.Siilka: tubbada murqaha ee ka soo baxda xubinta
taranka dumarka ilaa ilmo galeenka
2.Cervix: unug unug u samaysan oo u samaysan

unug isku xidha siilka iyo ilmo galeenka
3. Ugxan: laba xubnood oo galmo ah oo ku yaal
dhinac kasta oo ilmo galeenka
4. Tuubooyinka fallopian: saddex qaybood

(Isthmus, ampulla iyo infundibulum)
5.Uterus: ilmo galeenka, oo ku dhex yaal
daloolka miskaha. U qaybsama (ilma
galeenka, ilmagaleenka isthmus, corpus,
fundus)
hormoonka follicle-kiciya
Hormoonnada ugxan-sidaha:
Hormoonka luteining
Hormoonnada ugxan-sidaha: waxaa soo daaya qanjirka pituitary ee hore
wareegga caadada
Afarta waji ee ugu muhiimsan ee
1.Menstrual cycle: 28 days
caadadu waa:
(celceliska dhererka)
1.Cadada
2.Ukxan: waxay dhacdaa
2. Wajiga follicular
maalinta 14-aad
3. Ugxan
3. Bacriminta: isku dhafka
4. Marxaladda luteal
ukunta + shahwada
4. Implanting: waxay dhacdaa 8-9
maalmood ka dib rimidda.

ugxan-yaridu waxay soo daayaan laba qaybood oo waaweyn
hormoonnada -
estrogen iyo progesterone 436/601
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CALAAMADAHA UURKA
CALAAMADAHA MASKAXDA AH CALAAMADAHA URURKA AH CALAAMADAHA TOgan
CALAAMADAHA MASKAXDA AH shakhsi ahaan

1. Amenorrhea (caadada seegtay). ka fikir "hooyo"
2.Naasaha oo wayn
3.Dhakhso: dareenka dhaqdhaqaaqa uurjiifka
4.Naasaha oo wayn
5. matag
6.Labo
7. Daal
CALAAMADAHA URURKA AH DHAKHTARKA IYO KAALANKA
1.Baaritaan uur togan IYADOO KARAA IYO

2.Uterine balaadhinta DOCUMENT
3.Astaanta Goodell: jilcinta afka ilmo-galeenka
4.Calamadaha Chadwik: midab buluug ah oo siilka, afka
ilmo-galeenka iyo siilka.
5.Calaamadda Hegar: jilicsanaanta qaybta hoose

ee ilmo-galeenka
Calaamad togan ayaa ah

CALAAMADAHA TOgan
gunaanad ah (diagnostic)
1. Wadnaha uurjiifka
2. Dhaqdhaqaaqa uurjiifka
3.Ultrasound ama shucaaca
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XEERKA NAEGELE
Qeexitaan
Loo isticmaalo in lagu xisaabiyo qiyaasta taariikhda dhalmada (oo ku salaysan wareegga
caadada ee 28-maalmood ee caadiga ah).
MAALINTA KOOWAAD EE U DANBEEYA XILLIGA CAADADA
Janaayo 10, 2021
Ka jar 3 bilood
Oktoobar
Oktoobar 10, 2020 17ka 2021
Ku dar 7 maalmood
Oktoobar 17, 2020

taariikhda lagu qiyaasay
gaarsiin
Kudar 1 Sano
Oktoobar 17, 2021
Wakhti buuxa: 40 toddobaad (celcelis ahaan)
Xisaabinta waxay ku salaysan tahay wareeg 28 maalmood ah.
Xusuusnow: ku celcelinta ayaa kaamil ah. Samee su'aalaha imtixaanka ku
celcelinta adigoo isticmaalaya 4ta tallaabo ee kor lagu soo bandhigay.
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cuf-isjiidadka iyo sinnaanta
CULUS
Nulligravida- waligeed ma
Gravida: naag uur leh
uur yeelan.
Cufis: tirada uurka Primigravida: uur leh
markii ugu horeysay.
Multigravida: 2+
uurka
NOOL- MIDNA
PRIMI-KOWAAD
BALAADHAN
PARITY
Nullipara- ma jiraan dhalmo ka
Inta jeer ee ay naagtu badan 20 toddobaad oo uur ah.
umushay uurjiif leh da'dii Primipara: 1 dhalasho ka dib 20
toddobaad oo uur ah
uurku 24 toddobaad ama ka
Multipara: badan
badan. Uurka oo gaaray heerka
Ku dar dhammaan dhallaanka ( nool ama weli uur-ku-jirka
dhalan) jiritaan.
NOOL- MIDNA
PRIMI-KOWAAD
BALAADHAN
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gtpal
GTPAL: WUXUU SHARAXAAY NATIIJADA UURKA
1.Tirada uurka ( mataano iyo

saddex mataano ah ayaa
CULUS
lagu tiriyaa hal)
2.Uur hadda lagu jiro.
1. Tirada dhashay xilliga (in

ka badan 37 toddobaad
MUDDADA DHALASHADA oo uur ah)
2. Mataano iyo saddex mataano ah
ayaa lagu tiriyaa hal.
20-37 toddobaad ee uurka. (U tiriso

mataano iyo saddex mataano ah sida
DHALASHO KA HOR AH hal)
Waxa ku jira nolol iyo weli dhal
In ka yar 20 toddobaad
oo uur ah.
ISKA soo rididda Mataano iyo saddex mataano ah ku tiri hal
sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah dhicisnimada
Carruurta hadda nool. Tiri

CARUURTA NOOOL carruurta si gaar ah
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DHEERKA AASAASIGA AH
Dhererka fundal waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu go'aamiyo da'da uur-ku-jirka ee
uurjiifka iyadoo la go'aaminayo masaafada sentimitirka laga bilaabo sambabada
sambabada ilaa sare ee fundus uterineine.
CABDIRKA DHEERKA AASAASIGA AH u w aa

b b irk
c a
in cm
Booska bukaanka inuu dib u jiifsado
Ka bilow cabbirka sambabada sambabada
Ku orod cabbirka cajaladda oo ku dheji khadka

dhexe ee caloosha naagta xagga sare ee La soco
fundus ilmo galeenka dhabarka dambe
hypotension
Dhererka aasaasiga ah (cm) =

da'da uurka ee uurjiifka.
(20cm=20 usbuuc)
16 toddobaad= fundus waxay ku taallaa

inta u dhaxaysa xuddunta symphysis
pubis
20-22 todobaad= fundus waxa uu ku
yaalaa heerka xudunta 36 todobaad=
fundus waxa uu ku yaalaa habka
xiphoid
Bukaanka leh dhererka sanduuqa aan saxda ahayn
cabbiradu waa inay lahaadaan taxane
qiimaynta cabbirka uurjiifka iyadoo la isticmaalayo
ultrasound
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koritaanka uurjiifka
WAKHTIGA uur-kujirka: WAQTIGA Embryonic: muddada FETAL:
2da toddobaad ee ugu horreeya 2-8 toddobaad 9 usbuuc-dhalasho
usbuuca 4/5 todobaadka 8-aad todobaadka 12 aad
1.Qalbigu wuxuu bilaabaa 1. Dhiiggu wuxuu bilaabaa 1. Galmada waa muuqata
garaacid inuu wareego 2. Waji ayaa samaysmay

2. Xubnuhu waa joogaan 3. Codadka wadnaha waxaa lagu maqli karaa
iyadoo la isticmaalayo a
Doppler
todobaadka 16-aad todobaadka 20-aad usbuuca 24aad

1. Dhaqdhaqaaqa waa 1. Wadnaha garaaca waa 1. Uurjiifku wuu maqli karaa
joogo lagu ogaado fetoscope
2. Lanugo waxay dabooshaa jirka
usbuuca 28aad usbuuca 32aad todobaadka 36-aad

1. Sambabku waa 1. Lafo waa 1. Maqaarka oo noqda mid
horumaray horumaray. laalaab yar.
2. Maqaarku waa casaan.
3. Booska ilmaha oo hoos u dhaca

miskaha
usbuuca 40-aad TRIMESTERS

1. Celceliska muddada- Saddexda bilood ee koowaad: 0-12
buuxa ee 40- todobaad toddobaadyo
Saddexda bilood ee labaad: 13-28

Ilmahu waa
toddobaad
halkan! Saddexda bilood ee saddexaad: 29-40
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toddobaadyo
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ISBEDDELKA UURKA
wadnaha iyo xididada
Korodhka CO
Kordhinta HR
Mugga dhiigga oo kordha
Neefsashada
Kordhinta isticmaalka O2
Diaphragm oo kor u riixaysa SOB
ayaa laga yaabaa inay la kulmaan
Mindhicirka
Lalabbo, matag
Dib-u-soo-celinta aysiidhka, Calool-
istaagga Isbeddelka dhadhanka iyo urta
genitourinary
Kordhi kaadida
Dareenka kaadiheysta
Kordhi awoodda kaadiheysta
Endocrine
Oxytocin waxay kicisaa foosha Kor u
kaca miisaanka
Dhaqdhaqaaqa thyroid-ku wuu kordhiyaa
Kordhinta haynta biyaha Prolactin waxay
sababtaa habka nuujinta
Maqaarka/musculoskeletal
1. Striae
2. Linea nigra
3. Kordhinta timaha koritaanka
4.Umbilicus soo baxa
5.Darbiga caloosha oo fidsan
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Raaxo la'aan xilliga uurka

1.Labo iyo matag 2. Daal
Faragelinta: Cunista buskudka qallalan ka Waxqabadyada: nasasho/nasasho soo
hor inta aanad sariirta ka kicin. noqnoqda Nasashada iyo jimicsiga
3. Qalbi-jeex
Faragelinta: Cunto yar yar oo joogto ah qaado. Si
toos ah u fadhiiso cuntada ka dib 30mins-1 saac
4. Kaadida oo badata
Dhexgalka: Qaadashada dareere ku filan, Ka
fogow qaadashada dareeraha ka hor wakhtiga
jiifka. Jimicsiga Kegel
5. EDEMA/ xididdada varicose

Faragelinta: Kor u qaad lugaha
sharabaadyada taageerada ah
Iska ilaali inaad istaagto ama fadhido
wakhti dheer
6. Calool istaag
Faragelinta: Kordhi fiber-ka cuntada.
Kordhi qaadashada dareeraha
7. uti
Faragelinta: La tasho
dhakhtar. Raac habka
daawaynta
8. Baabasiirka
Faragelin: Ku qooya qubeyska
sitz
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NAFAQADA xilliga uurka
kalooriyada BAROOTIN
300-500 kaloori oo dheeraad ah Kordhi borotiinka cuntada. Vitamin
B12 waxa laga helaa borotiinka
Miisaanka oo kordha xoolaha.
Wadarta korodhka miisaanka: 25-35lbs =

BAROOTIN vit b12
cillad
FOLIC AID birta

Talo soo jeedin: 600 U samee hemoglobin uurjiifka
micrograms (mcg) ee folic acid maalin
kasta. VITAINKA
Vitamin D: nuugista
Kaalshiyam calcium
Kaalshiyamka dheeriga ah Kordhi miraha iyo khudaarta
Cuntooyinka xusuus-qorka
Khudaarta cagaaran ee madow, caleenta fiber

ah ayaa muhiim u ah uurjiifka: Samaynta Si looga hortago/yareeyo calool-istaagga
lafaha iyo ilkaha
qaadashada dareere
Talo-soo-jeedin: 2-3L/maalintii
Aalkolo malaha, xaddid caffeine
445/601
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SHURUUDAHA
LA XIRIIRA
UUR
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XAALADAHA xilliga uurka
UUR
MACAANKA
pathophysiology
Dulqaadka gulukoosta oo daciifa oo dhaca inta lagu jiro saddexda bilood ee
2aad ama 3aad ee uurka.
WAXYAABAHA KHATARTA AH calaamadaha & CALAAMADAHA
1.Cayilka 1.Polyuria: korodhay

2. Uurka badan kaadida
2.Polydipsia: Haraadka oo
3. Taariikhda qoyska DM
kordha
3.Polyphagia: rabitaanka cuntada
Tijaabada ogaanshaha oo kordha

4. Aragti khaldan
1. Tijaabada dulqaadka sonkorta 5.Glucose kaadida
2. Baaritaanka dulqaadka gulukoosta 6. UTIs soo noqnoqda
7.Cayilka oo kordha
afka ee 3-saac ah (OGTT)
Maamulka kalkaalisada
1.Cunto, Insulin
2.La socoshada gulukooska, jimicsiga saamaynta hoose
3.La soco miisaanka

4.La soco xaalada uurjiifka
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Yaraanta birta
Dhiig-yaraan
pathophysiology
Yaraanta birta waxaa lagu gartaa birta serum oo aan ku filnayn. Tani
waxay keenaysaa hoos u dhaca hemoglobin iyo hoos u dhaca
awoodda ogsijiinta qaadida dhiigga.
sababa calaamadaha & CALAAMADAHA
1.Cuntada: cunida yar ee 1. Daal

cuntooyinka qani ku ah birta. 2.Pallor
3. Hemoglobin: <10mg/dL
2. Birta serum oo aan ku filnayn.
Tijaabada ogaanshaha Farmashiistaha

1. Hemoglobin/Hematocrit 1. Ferrous Sulfate
2. Heerka birta ee serum 2. Folic acid
3. Cabbirka RBC: ka yar 3.Vitamin C: kordhiya
nuugista birta
Maamulka kalkaalisada
1.La soco heerarka hemoglobin/hematocrit

2.Bar bukaanka habka daawaynta
3.Dhiirigelinta cuntooyinka qani ku ah birta
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uurka leh
Dhiig-karka
Dhiig karka uurka
Cadaadiska dhiigga>140/90 mm Hg ka dib 20 toddobaad uurka oo aan lahayn
proteinuria (borotiinka xad-dhaafka ah ee kaadida).
Preeclampsia khafiif ah: BP>140/90 laakiin <160/110,

preeclampsia Proteinuria: 1+
Preeclampsia daran: BP>160/110, Proteinuria:>3+
Calaamadaha preeclampsia: HYPERTENSION + PROTINURIA
ECLAMPSIA dhibaatooyin
1.DIC/ dhimashada uurjiifka
Suuxdin ku dhaca bukaanka preeclamptic 2. mandheerta oo lama filaan ah

3.HELLP syndrome: H-
hemolysis, EL- sare
enzymes beerka, LP- hoose
tirada platelet
Faragelin
1.BP la socodka
2. La socodka uurjiifka
3. Sariir nasasho (booska dambe)
4. Daawooyinka ka hortagga hypertensive
5. Maamul Magnesium sulfate: ka hortag suuxdinta.
La soco sunta magnesium (antidote: calcium gluconate)
6. Bilow taxadarka suuxdinta: preeclampsia/eclampsia
7. La soco HELLP
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Translated from English to Somali - www.onlinedoctranslator.com
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ectopic
uurka
pathophysiology
Uurka Ectopic wuxuu dhacaa marka ugxantu la geliyo meel ka baxsan ilmo-
galeenka (inta badan tuubada ilmo-galeenka). Khatarta dillaaca tuubada iyo
dhiigbaxa.
1.Ectopic hore 1.Caloosha xanuunka
uurka (xanuun mindi ah)

2.Furitaanka xubinta taranka
2. Bacriminta Vitro (IVF)
3. Dhiigbax-
hypotension,
Tijaabada ogaanshaha tachycardia
1. Ultrasound
Daawaynta
Farmashiistaha
Methotrexate-oo loo isticmaalo joojinta koritaanka
unugyada Hababka Laparotomy
1. Salpingostomy: uurka ectopic waa la gooyaa oo tuubada ugxanta ayaa
loo daayaa si ay u bogsato.
2. Salpingectomy: uurka ectopic iyo tuubada ugxan-sidaha waa la

gooyaa.
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mandheerta
hore
pathophysiology
Mandheerta waxay dhacdaa marka mandheerta qayb ahaan ama gebi
ahaanba ay daboosho afka ilmagaleenka hooyada.
NOOCYADA calaamadaha & CALAAMADAHA

1.Marginal: Mandheertu waxay ku 1. casaan dhalaalaya oo aan xanuun lahayn
xidhan tahay gobolka hoose ee dhiigbax

ilmo-galeenka laakiin ma 2. Dhiigbax
daboosho daloolka ilmo- 3. Ilmo-galeenka jilicsan
galeenka.
2.Qayb: Mandheertu waxay dabooshaa
Baaritaanka ogaanshaha
qayb ka mid ah afka ilmagaleenka
3. Wadarta: Mandheertu waxay dabooshaa Ultrasound
dhammaan furitaanka afka ilmagaleenka.
Maareynta Kalkaalinta
1.Ka fogow baaritaanka siilka
2.Daawada: corticosteroids
3.La socoshada joogtada ah ee xaaladda hooyada iyo uurjiifka
4. Kor u qaad nasashada (dhinaca bidix ee beenta)
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kadis
mandheerta
pathophysiology
Mandheerta abruptiyo waa kala goynta mandheerta ee ilmo-
galeenka xilli hore. Khatarta: Dhiigbax, shoog iyo calool xanuun.
1. Dhiig karka 1.Caloosha xanuunka

2. Sigaarka 2. Dhiigbax: casaan madow
3.Kookayn 3. Shoogga Hypovolemic (s/s)
4.Dhaawaca caloosha 4.Uterine wuxuu noqdaa mid adag
5. calool xanuun
1.La soco hooyada iyo xaalada uurjiifka

2.O2 therapy sida lagu qoray
3.La soco dhiigbaxa: xasuusnoow inaad tiriso # suufka
4. Beenta dhinaceeda
5.Daawadii: corticosteroids
6. Dheecaannada faleebbaha/dhiiga sida loo qoray
7.U diyaari qalliinka Caesarian
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ilmo iska soo ridid
pathophysiology
Ilmo soo rididda waa joojinta uurka ka hor 20 toddobaad
ee uurka (mid kedis ah ama mid la doortay)
Noocyada calaamadaha & CALAAMADAHA

1. Kedis ah: sabab dabiici ah 1. Dhiigbax/xinjiro dhiig
2.Complete: dhammaan unugyada rimidda
2.Crameyn
ayaa ka baxa jirka
3.Missed: unugyada rimidda waxay ku
haraan ilmo galeenka
4. Loo hanjabay: Bararka & casiraad
5. Lama huraan: Dhiigbax & afka ilmo-galeenka oo
fidsan
1.Monitor VS
2.La soco dhiiga (calaamadaha shoogga)
3.Tiri suufka
4.Maamulka dareerayaasha faleebbaha sida laguu qoray
5.Nidaamka: u diyaari Dilation and Curettage (D&C) ee lama huraanka ah / ilmo
iska soo rididda aan dhamaystirnayn.
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toosh
caabuqa
Toxoplasmosis: waxaa laga helaa hilib cayriin (ama aan la karin), saxarada
bisadaha.
Waxbarashada bukaanka: Hooyadu waa in aanay nadiifin sanduuqyada
qashinka. Hilibka si fiican u kari.
KALE:
waraabowga, Cagaarshowga A & B, Varicella, HIV
Rubella:
S/S: dhego la'aan, cilladaha lagu dhasho: wadnaha, indhaha iyo
maskaxda
Cytomegalovirus: gudbinta dhibcaha S/S: miisaanka

dhalmada oo hooseeya, cagaarshow, maqal la'aan,
suuxdin
Herpes simplex fayraska:

Waxaa lagu kala qaadaa xilliga dhalmada siilka (gaaritaanku inta
badan waa qalliinka qalliinka)
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SHAQADA IYO
GAARSIIN
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SHAQADA
calaamadaha foosha ka horreeya
1. Qandaraasyada (Braxton Hicks)

2. Iftiimin
3. Xuub dillaacsan
4. Miisaanka oo yaraada (1-3 rodol)
5. Korodhka tamarta
6.Bislaanshaha ilmo galeenka
7. Dheecaanka xubinta taranka oo kordha
8.GI qas
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RUN VS SHAQADA
shaqo run ah
1. Qandaraasyada:
i. Joogto ah
ii. Ka xoog badan
iii. Ka dheer
2. Jilcinta afka ilmagaleenka

i.Balaadhinta ilmo galeenka
ii.Faceyl
3. Uurjiifku wuxuu galay miskaha
i.Qayb soo jeedinta ayaa cadaadinaysa kaadiheysta
Foosha beenta ah
1. Qandaraasyada:
a. Aan joogto ahayn
b.Socodku waxay yareeyaan foosha

2.Ma jiro isbeddel afka ilmo-galeenka ah ama balaadhinta
3. Wax dabar goyn
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Marxaladihii FOOSHADA
Marxaladda koowaad Marxaladda labaad

Laga bilaabo bilawga foosha Marxaladda labaad waxay u
ilaa dhamaystirka fidinta. dhaxaysaa fidin buuxda.
dhalashada
Marxaladaha:
1. Wajiga Dahsoon: 0-3cm Marxaladda saddexaad

(laga bilaabo mid fudud
Marxaladda saddexaad
ilaa dhexdhexaad waxay u dhaxaysaa keenista
foosha) ilmaha iyo dhalmada
2.Wajiga firfircoon: 4-7cm mandheerta.
3. Marxaladda kala-guurka
8-10cm ballaadhinta Marxaladda afraad

( qandaraasyadu waa
Marxaladda afraad waxay u
aad u xoog badan)
dhaxaysaa mandheerta
dhalmada ilaa hooyada

xasilinta.
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5pS
4 Noocyada
qaabka miskaha
Ginecoid (inta ugu badan),
ASSSAGEWAY android, anthropoid

Xusuusnow: kanaalka dhalmada (oval), iyo platypelloid
(filan)
masuul
Xusuusnow: uurjiifka, xuubabka & mandheerta
Aragtida: Xiriirka xubnaha jirka ee uurjiifka midba midka kale.

Dabeecadda caadiga ah: dabacsanaan guud, fidinta uurjiifka
been uurjiif: Xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhidibka dheer (lafdhabarta) ee uurjiifka s

marka loo eego dhidibka dheer (lafdhabarta) hooyada.
Been: Dheeraad ah/toos ah (cephalic ama breech)
Waxaa loo baahan yahay qalliin toosan ama jiifa
Soo bandhigid:Qayb ka mid ah uurjiifka oo marka hore gala miskaha.

Cephalic: madaxa marka hore, Breech: barida marka hore, garabka:
garbaha marka hore (transeverse)
booska:Xidhiidhka u soo bandhigista qaybta miskaha hooyada
Saldhig:Saldhig 0: oo ku yaal lafdhabarta ischial
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5pS
Maroojintu waxay sababtaa dabar go'an iyo
fiditaanka
Nabar: Gaabinta iyo khafiifinta afka ilmo-galeenka
ku leh inta lagu jiro marxaladda koowaad ee foosha.
Dilation: Ballaadhin buuxda 10cm
(ballaarinta makaanka afkiisa)
boosaska dhalmada.
Tan waxaa ka mid ah:
fikradda 1. Meesha isku dhufashada
2. Booska lithotomy
3.Mawqif toosan
4. Fadhiga
Jawaabta Dareenka
cilmi nafsiga Walaac ama cabsi
Jawaabta
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XIGASHADA HOOSHA
Habka loo isticmaalo in lagu fahmo qaababka garaaca wadnaha uurjiifka ee kala duwan
hoos u dhac doorsooma xadhig xadhig
hoos u dhac hore cadaadinta madaxa
dardargelinta ogsijiin ama OK
daahsan mandheerta
hoos u dhac ku filnaansho
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Dhibaatooyinka foosha
foosha ka hor
Bilawga foosha ilmo-galeenka ka hor 37 toddobaad ee uurka.
calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha

Calaamadaha foosha dhabta ah ( foosha joogtada ah, dheecaanka siilka iyo kala furka
afka ilmagaleenka)
Farmashiistaha
Maaree Glucocorticoids (si loo hagaajiyo qaangaadhka sambabada
uurjiifka) Maamul magnesium sulfate: la soco sunta magnesium
sulfate.
xadhkaha soo dhaca

Xadhkaha goosashada wuxuu yimaadaa marka uu xadhiggu ka soo dego afka
ilmo-galeenka ee ka hooseeya qaybta muuqata ee uurjiifka.
HALISTA
Khatarta hoos u dhaca socodka dhiigga iyo ogsijiinta ilmaha.
KALAALINTA KALAALINTA
Wac gargaar
Geli 2 farood siilka (ka qaad madaxa uurjiifka ka soo qaad xadhigga)
Booska: Trendelenburg ama jilibka ilaa booska laabta
La soco garaaca wadnaha uurjiifka
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Dhalmada ka dib
Daryeelka dhallaanka
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lochia
lochia rubra
N
RA
TI
Xusuusnow: casaan dhalaalaya
IF
AN
Waxay socotaa 1-3 maalmood
SA
CA
n
lochia SEROSA
ow
br
n/
Xusuusnow: casaan/brown
aa
Waxay ku egtahay: maalinta 4 ilaa maalinta 10
s
ca
lochia alba ad
Xusuusnow: huruud/caddaan
/c
le
Waxay socon kartaa ilaa 6 toddobaad

al
ja
Natiijooyin aan caadi ahayn
Marka suufka lagu qooyay wax ka yar 15 daqiiqo.

Calool xanuunka oo kordha
Qandho
Lochia ur xun ama purulent dhiigbax
guduudan oo dhalaalaya 3 maalmood ka dib
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Dhiig-baxa ka dambeeya
KA BADBAADO
DHIIGGA
Qeexid: Hooyadu way lumisaa
> 500 ml oo dhiig ah dhalmada
caadiga ah iyo> 1000mL oo
dhiig ah dhalmada dhalmada
SABABAHA
uterine Atony: Ilma-galeenku wuxuu joojiyaa qanjidhada
nabarrada
Jajabka mandheerta oo la hayo
Calaamadaha iyo Calaamadaha

1. Dhiigbax badan
2. Tachycardia
3.hypotension
4. Ilmo-galeenka oo kacsan oo adag
5.Hematocrit oo yaraada
1.Maamulka O2
2.Qiimee oo la soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah
3. Beddelka IV + wax soo saarka dhiigga

4.Massage fundus uterine-ka
5.Maamulka oxytocin, hemabate, & methylergonovine
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QIIMEYNTA APGAR
Dhibcaha 0 1 2
HEERKA WADNAHA <100/MIN>100/MIN
tartiib ah/ XOOGAN

QIIMAYNTA RESP MAQAN
daciif OOHIN
MUUQAALKA MURUQA MAQAN QAAR FIKIR

FLEXION
REFLEX
MIDNA NAXDIN OOHIN
CADHANKA
CIR AMA ACRO-

MIDABKA
CYANOSIS
PINK
BULUUG
0-3 Aad u dhibban

waxay u baahan tahay daryeel caafimaad iyo soo kicin
4-6 Si dhexdhexaad ah u dhibban

nadiifinta marin-haweedka iyo ogsijiinta dheeriga ah
7-10 Xaalad Wacan

Ilmuhu wuxuu ku sugan yahay caafimaadka ugu macquulsan
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Caabuqyada POSTPARTUM
Caabuqa kaadi mareenka
PATHO
Caabuqa qayb kasta oo ka mid ah habka kaadida
sababaha:
Qaybta C, baaritaanka joogtada ah ee xubinta taranka, tuubbada kateetarka
Waxqabadyada:
1.Kaadi kaadida, antibiyootiga, dawooyinka xanuunka
mastitis
PATHO
Caabuqa/ caabuqa nudaha naaska
sababaha:
Farsamada quudinta liidata, marinka xannibaadda
Waxqabadyada:
1.Antibiotics 2. Ku bar bukaanka inuu naaska nuujiyo
marar badan
endometritis
PATHO
Caabuqa / caabuqa xuubka gudaha ee ilmo-galeenka
sababaha:
Qaybta C, jajabka mandheerta oo la hayo, la socodka gudaha uurjiifka
Waxqabadyada:
1. Dhaqanka dhiiga siilka
2.Antibiotics + xanuunka
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DH
AQ
AN
KA
k C
hal ARRU
Hag kha UR
lka TA
aha
Wa
xba
ras
hoe
eA
rda
yda
Kal
kaa
li sad
a
DHIBAATOOYINKA ISKU DHACDAY
1.ECZEMA
2.CABIISKA
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DHIBAATOOYINKA ISKU DHACDAY

ECZEMA
sharaxaad
Caabuqa maqaarka ee ku lug leh epidermis.
Foomamka:
1. Dhallaanka: Bilawga (2-6 bilood)
2.Carruurnimo: Bilawga (2-3 sano)
3. Dhallinta ka hor iyo qaangaarka: Bilawga (12
sano)
Faragelinta Calaamadaha & Calaamadaha
1.Ka fogow soo-gaadhista maqaarka cuncunka 1. Casaan

2. Saliid maqaarka 2. barar
3. Ku qabooji maqaarka cadaadis qabow 3. Cuncun
4. Daawooyinka: Antihistamines, corticosteroids 4.Papules
jirka la mariyo 5.Oosing ama qolof.
5.Ka fogow xafaayadda qoyan 6. Baro maqaarka oo bararsan.
XANUUNKA
sharaxaad
1. Xanuunka maqaarka dulin oo aad u faafa
oo ay keento caarada cuncunka bini'aadamka (Sarcoptes
scabiei).
2. Gudbinta: maqaarka-maqaarka-maqaarka

1. Cuncun
1.La soco maqaarka agagaarka dhaawaca
2. Finan
2. Daawooyinka: sabicides-ka jirka la mariyo- ku baro
3.Pruritus
waalidka codsiga, daawaynta ka hortagga
4. Duubka maqaarka: khadadka cas ee cawlan ee
cuncunka, antibiyootiga qurxoon
3. Beddel gogosha maalin kasta 5. qolof qaro weyn oo maqaarka

4. la dhaqan qoyska ku yaal
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DHIBAATOOYINKA DHIIGGA
1.XANUUNKA CELL AEMIA

2. Dhiig yarida birta
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Xanuunada dhiigbaxa
Sickle cell anemia Casaan caadi ah
unugyada dhiigga
sharaxaad
Sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin A waxa lagu beddelay
hemoglobin sickle S oo aan caadi ahayn.
Sifooyin kale: Unugyada sickle ee dhegta, unugyada sickle cell ayaa
xannibaya socodka dhiigga
CASAAN XANUUNSAN
Unugyada DHIIGA
Dhibaatada sickle cell:
Dhibaatada Vaso-occlusive, sequestration, aplastic,
hyperhemolytic
1.O2 therapy 1.xanuun

2. Dhiig shubid 2.Anemia
3.Beddelka korantada
3. cagaarshow
5. Ka hortagga caabuqa: antibiyootiga 4.Qalbiga
6.Maareynta xanuunka aan dawooyinka ahayn:
fashilka/ dysrhythmias
meelaynta
7.Cunto: kalori badan, cunto borotiin badan, folic acid 5.Balaadhinta
supplement lafo
XANUUNKA IRON DHIIG-NIINKA
sharaxaad
Dhiig yaraanta birta waxaa lagu gartaa mid ku filan
birta taasoo keenta inay yaraato unugyada dhiigga cas. Tani
waxay keenaysaa hoos u dhaca hemoglobin iyo hoos u dhaca
awoodda ogsijiinta qaadida dhiigga.

Maamul kaabista birta 1. Daal
Wax ka baro waxyeelada ay leedahay maadada birta:
Calool istaaga iyo saxarada madow
2.Pallor
Ku baro waalidiinta cunnada/cuntooyinka qani ku ah birta 3. Cidiyaha jajaban
Bar waalidiinta inay kordhiyaan cunista fiitamiin C ee 4. Hemoglobin hooseeya iyo

cuntada ilmahooda
heerarka hematocrit
Bar waalidiinta in ay ilmaha siiyaan birta dareeraha ah
caws si looga hortago in ilkuhu wasakheeyaan.
5. Neefta oo ku yaraata
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DHIBAATOOYINKA ENDOCRINE
1. XUMD
2. FUUXA
3. NOOCKA 1-aad ee sokorowga
4. MACAANKA KETOACIDOSIS
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xanuunada endocrine
qandho ! ! !
!!
sharaxaad O
Qandho waa sare u kaca DH
heerkulka jidhka.
AN
Q
Heerkulka:
1.Caadi: 36.4-37.0 (degrees celsius)
2. Qandho:>38.0 (degrees celsius)
1.La soco heerkulka 1. Heerkulka:>38.0

2.Qiimee sababta salka (degree celsius)
3.Maamul la'aanta dawooyinka: ka saar dharka xad-dhaafka
2. Maqaar: diiran
ah, cabbirada qaboojinta, qubeyska isbuunyada.
3. caajisnimo
4. Daawooyinka: Antipyretics
4.Qaraxyo
Xusuusnow: ha siin Aspirin sababtoo ah
khatarta cudurka reye's syndrome
Fuuqbaxa
sharaxaad
Fuuqbaxa waa dareere iyo isku dheelitir la'aanta korantada
taasoo ka dhalata hoos u dhaca qaadashada dareeraha,
soosaarka dareeraha oo kordhay (matag, shuban) ama
isbeddel dareere ah (gubashada iyo sepsis).

1.La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah 1.Miisaan dhimista
2.La soco miisaanka 2. garaaca wadnaha oo kordha
3.La soco qaadashada iyo wax soo saarka 3. Tachypnea

4. daaw sababta fuuqbaxa 4. Haraad batay
5. Fuuqbax khafiif ah: daaweynta fuuq-celinta afka
5.Oliguria
6. Fuuqbax daran: ilaali NPO, daaweynta IV
6. Fontanel hore oo go'ay
7. Xusuusnow: calaamadaha iyo astaamaha waxay ku xiran
7. Indho go'ay
yihiin darnaanta fuuq-baxa
8. xanaaq
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xanuunada endocrine
Insulinku waa hoormoon lagama
NOOCA 1-KA MACAANKA
maarmaan ah oo ay soo saarto
sharaxaad
ganaca. Doorkeeda ugu weyn waa in la
Qalalaasaha difaaca jirka kaas oo unugyada beta
lagu burburinayo Xameetidu (unugyada beta) ma xakameeyo heerarka gulukooska ee
awoodaan inay soo saaraan insulin. jirka
Sababaha khatarta ah
Jawaabta difaaca jirka
Hidde
Bilawga: caruurnimada
1.la socodka sonkorta 1.Polyuria: korodhay

kaadida
2. Insulin: Insuliin la qasi jiray dhallaanka 2.Polydipsia: Haraadka oo
kordha
3. Cunto dheeli tiran
3.Polyphagia: rabitaanka cuntada
4.Jimicsi oo kordha
4.Miisaan dhimis
5.Hyperglycemia
dh
ibk
a
KETOACIDOSISKA MACAANKA
sharaxaad
DKA waa xaalad lama filaan ah, oo nafta halis
gelisa oo ku timaada Nooca 1aad ee
Sonkorowga. Astaamaha:
Hyperglycemia, fuuqbaxa, ketosis,

acidosis
Beddelka dareeraha IV 1. Neef miro leh
Insulin IV: daaw hyperglycemia 2.Neefsashada Kussmaul

3.Ketosis
Saxan dheelitir la'aanta korantada:
4.Acidosis
La soco heerarka potassium
5. Koronto la'aan
O2 therapy
6. caajisnimo
7.Jahwareer/Coma
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DHIBAATOOYINKA NASAASIGA AH
1.EPIGLOTTITIS
2.BRONCHitis
3. NAXD
4. FIBROOSIISKA CYSTIC
5.PNEUMONIA
6.BRONKIOLITIS
7. IFILOWGA
8. QUDUNKA
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Xanuunada neefsashada
epiglottitis
sharaxaad
Caabuqa iyo bararka epiglottis.
Sababta: Hargabka Haemophilus
loola dhaqmo sidii xaalad degdeg ah

1.Maintain patent hawo mareenka (mudnaanta)
1. Qandho
2.O2 therapy sida lagu amray
2. Cune xanuun daran
3.La soco heerka neefsiga
3.Cabnaanta hadalka
4. Joogtaynta NPO
5.Ha dhigin ilmaha meel dhabarka ah 4.Doolida
6.iska ilaali dhaqanka dhuunta 5. Tachycardia
7. Daawooyinka: antibiyootiga, antipyretics 6.Neefsashada oo ku adkaata
8.U diyaari qalabka dib u soo kicinta 7. Stridor
boronkiito
sharaxaad
Caabuqa xuubka dhuunta bronki.
Sababaha: caabuqa fayraska
Bronchitis waxay noqon kartaa mid ba'an ama mid dabadheeraad ah
1.La soco heerkulka 1. Qandho
2.La soco heerka neefsiga 2. Qufac aan faa'iido lahayn

3. Kordhi qaadashada dareeraha 3. Qufac wax soo saar leh
4. Daawooyinka: antipyretics, (2 maalmood kadib)
daawooyinka qufaca 4.xanuun laabta
5.Qarxan
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neefta
sharaxaad
Cudurka bararka joogtada ah ee marin-haweedka.
Caabuqa iyo dareenka kacsanaanta kiciya
(kiciyeyaasha).
Cidhiidhiga muruqa jilicsan ee bronki.
Xayiraadda socodka hawada ee joogtada ah.
1.Maintain patent hawo mareenka 1.Dhsasho, hinaaso,

2.Qiimee heerka neefsiga laabta oo adkaata, ma aha
3.Maamulka humidified O2 qufac wax soo saar leh
4. Maamul daawooyinka 2. Degenaansho la'aan
(anticholinergics, corticosteroids,
3.Hadalka sare
bronchodilators)
garaacid
5.daawaynta laabta
Cystic Fibrosis
sharaxaad
CF waa qanjirka 'exocrine' oo aan shaqaynayn taas oo keenta
caabuqyada neef-mareenka ee daba-dheeraada, ku filnaan la'aanta
enzyme-ka ganaca, qanjidhada dhididka (natiijooyinka korodhka
xoogga dhididka Na + Cl). Xab qaro weyn oo uu soo saaro qanjidhka
Tijaabooyinka ogaanshaha:
1. Tijaabada dhididka: In ka badan 60 mmol/L:

exocrine wuxuu xannibaa xubnaha. CF waa mid horumarsan oo aan
ogaanshaha cystic fibrosis dawo lahayn.
2. Falanqaynta saxarada iyo tijaabada shaqada sambabada

Resp- La soco heerka nasinta, daaweynta feedhaha, Resp - laabta foosto, faraha naadiyada,
antibiyootiga, bronchodilators, daawaynta O2, mucolytics, dyspnea, hiinraag & qufac
anticholinergics
GI: Meconium ileus, Steatorrhea, malawadka oo
GI-Cuntada (Vitamiin, borotiin sare, cunto kaloori badan), soo noqda, dhiigbax dhiigbax leh
La soco miisaanka iyo qaabka saxarada, maamul
enzymes-ka ganaca. Maqaarka: Sare Na + Cl dhididka, fuuqbaxa,
dheelitir la'aanta elektrolytka
Kuwo kale- La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah, la soco heerarka
Habka taranka: Madhalaysnimada
elektrolytka, bixi taageero shucuureed
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burunkiito
sharaxaad
Caabuqa unugyada sambabada ee ay sababaan
bakteeriyada, fungi iyo fayrasyada.
Pneumonia fayraska: si joogto ah ayey u dhacdaa marka loo eego
sambabada bakteeriyada.
Bakteeriyada oof-wareenka: caabuq halis ah Oof-
wareenka hamiga: Walaxda waxay gasho marin-
haweedka matag ama liqidda oo xumaatay awgeed

Pneumonia fayraska: 1. Qufac
1.02 therapy, 2. antipyretics, 3. physiotherapy laabta 4.
Kordhi qaadashada dareeraha, IV dareerayaasha 2.Hiiqsi
Bacterial pneumonia: 3. Qandho
1.O2 therapy, IV dareere, antibiyootik, xabka nuugista, kor u
4.Qaraxyo
nasasho, kordhiyo qaadashada dareeraha
5. Tachypnea
Bronchiolitis
sharaxaad
Caabuqa xuubka bronkiyoles oo ay ugu
wacan tahay RSV

1. Ilaali marin-haweedka patent-ka 1. Rhinorrhea
2.Ogsajiin humidified 2. Qufac
3. Kordhi qaadashada dareeraha
3. Qandho
4.Ilmaha dhig meel ka mid ah shimbiraha.
5. nuugista xilliyeed
4.Hiiqsi
5. Tachypnea
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Hargabka
sharaxaad
Hargabku waa caabuq fayras ah oo
weerara habka neefsashada.
Cudurka hawadu aadka u faafa.
1. Kor u qaad nasashada sariirta

1. Qufac
2.Maamul daawada fayraska 2. Qandho
3. Kordhi qaadashada dareeraha 3. Myalgia

4. Daal/jidhka
daciifnimo
Qumanka
sharaxaad
Qumanka qumanka waa bararka qumanka.
Qumanuhu waa laba unug oo unug u
qaabaysan oo dhuunta dhabarka ah.

1. Daawooyinka: Antipyretics, Antibiyootiga 1. Qumanka oo barara
2. Faragelinta qaliinka: qumanka qumanka-ka-saarida
2. dhuun xanuun
qumanka
a.La socoshada dhiigbaxa qalliinka kadib 3. Khuurada
(calaamadaha dhiigbaxa waa liqitaan badan) 4.Liqitaan xanuun badan
b. Ku bilow dareere saafi ah ka dibna u gudub cunto
5. Qandho
jilicsan.
c. Xusuusnow: ha siin wax cabitaanno cas ah 6.Cod la isku duuban yahay
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DHIBAATOOYINKA NUROLOGICAL
1.MENINGITIS
2.QALXAANKA
3.REYE'S Syndrome
4.CEREBAL PALY
5.dhaawac madaxa
6.HYDROCEPHALUS
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Xanuunada neerfaha
Shaqada aasaasiga ah ee
meninges iyo ee
MININGITIS Dheecaanka cerebrospinal waa inuu
ilaaliyo habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha
sharaxaad
Qoorgooye waa barar ku dhaca xuubka difaaca ee daboolaya maskaxda iyo laf
dhabarta.
Sababaha Sababaha kale
1. Dhaawac
2.Kansar
3.Qaliinka neerfaha
BAKTERIA fayruus
Tijaabada ogaanshaha
CSF waxa lagu helaa daloolinta lumbar
BACTERIAL meningitis
Natiijooyinka: Wasakh garaam togan, Muuqashada (daruur), WBC (kor u
kacday), Gulukoos (hoos u dhacay) Protein (sare)
Qoorgooyaha VIRAL
Natiijooyinka: Wasaqda garaam ee taban, Muuqashada (caddaan), WBC (kor u kaca),
Protein (ku dhex jira xadka caadiga ah), Glucose (gudaha heerka caadiga ah)
1.Droplet taxaddar 1. Calaamadda Brudzinski ee

2.Qiimee LOC, ICP oo kordhay
togan
3. Daawooyinka: antibiyootiga IV (bacterial
2.Calaamadda Kernig ee togan
meningitis), antipyretics, corticosteroids
3. Qandho, madax xanuun
4.La socoshada lumista maqalka
4. xanaaq
5. hore oo bararsan
TAXADDARADA DHIBAATADA
fontanels
Faafidda dhibco waxay ku dhacdaa marinka sare ee neef-mareenka
(sanka, marinnada sanka iyo pharynx).
6.Nuchal adag
7.Photophobia
Tallaabooyinka Kalkaalinta
1. Dhig bukaan qol gaar ah 8.Labo/ matag

2. Xiro maaskaro qalliin.
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Xanuunada neerfaha
WAXYAABAHA KHATARTA AH
QALAD 1. Qandho
sharaxaad 2.Meningitis
3. Dhaawac madaxa
Suuxdin: rabsho koronto oo degdeg ah 4. Faalig
oo aan la xakameynin ee maskaxda. 5. Burada maskaxda
Suuxdin: Suuxdin joogto ah 6.Electrolyte dheelitir la'aanta
noocyada suuxdinta:
Suuxdin Guud 1.Electroencephalogram
1. Tonic-clonic 2. Sawir sawireed kumbiyuutar ah
2. Maqnaanshaha
3. Sawir-qaadista resonance
3.Myoclonic (MRI)
4.Atonic 4.Baaritaanka neerfaha
Suuxdin Qaybeed
Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha
1. Qayb fudud
2.Qayb kakan Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha waxay ku xiran yihiin
taariikhda qalalka iyo nooca.
Waxqabadyada Kalkaalinta: Suuxdin ka hor

Aura
1. Bilow taxaddarrada suuxdinta
Inta lagu jiro qalalka
2.Qiimee wakhtiga iyo muddada hawsha
Luminta miyir-beelka inta lagu jiro qalalka
suuxdinta
Dhaqdhaqaaqa muruqa ee aan ikhtiyaarka lahayn ee
3. Bixinta badbaadada bukaanka
aan la xakamayn karin
4. Bukaanka u rog dhinaca
Luminta kaadiheysta iyo xakameynta mindhicirka
5.Ilaalinta marin-haweedka
6.Ka fogow xakamaynta bukaanka
7. Dabci dharka qalal qandho

8.Maamulka O2
9.La soco dhaqanka ka hor iyo ka dib dhaqdhaqaaqa Suuxdin xummad leh waa gariir ilmo
suuxdinta, calaamadaha muhiimka ah oo ay keento qandho. Qandhada
10. Ilaali heerka NPO suuxdinta ka dib badanaa waxay ka timaadaa a
caabuq.
DAAWO:
Noocyada:
Daawooyinka ka hortagga
suuxdinta: egPhenytoin
1. Suuxdin qandho fudud
2. Suuxdin qandho isku dhafan
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xanuunada neerfaha
Cudurka REYE's Syndrome
sharaxaad
Cudurka 'Reye's syndrome' waxaa lagu gartaa
encephalopathy iyo isbeddellada dufanka leh ee
beerka
Baaritaanka ogaanshaha
Waxyaabaha khatarta ah: Caabuqa fayraska, Aspirin
1. Ka-qaadista Beerka
Aspirin lagama isticmaalo carruurta dhexdooda 2. Enzymes beerka: ALT, AST

khatarta Reye's syndrome awgeed 3.Dhiigga ammonia
1. Qiimaynta: Hx xanuunka fayraska (4-7 maalmood 1. Qandho
ka hor), enzymes beerka iyo heerka 2. Matag

ammonia dhiigga (kor u kaca). 3. xanaaq
2. La soco s/s ee kor u kaca ICP, LOC
4. caajisnimo
3. Booska: HOB @ 30 darajo
5.Cagaarshow xumo
CEREBRAL PALY
sharaxaad
Cerebral Palsy waa xanuun saameeya
dhaqdhaqaaqa, joogsiga iyo murqaha.
Curyaanka maskaxda ee spastic waa

nooca ugu badan.
1. Qiimaynta: heerka korriinka 1.Horumar
iyo korriinka dib u dhac
2. Daawaynta jidhka, daawaynta hadalka 2.Dib u dhac korriin

3. Kabaha 3.Mawqif aan caadi ahayn
4.Daawadii: ka hortagga suuxdinta iyo shaqada matoorka
4.Opisthotonos
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Xanuunada neerfaha
CALAAMADAHA HORE EE KORDHA ICP
DHAAWAC MADAX 1. Dhallaanka:Oohin aad u saraysa, quudin xumo,
sharaxaad xanaaqa, fontanel bararsan,calaamad qorrax

dhaceysa, calaamada Macewen (garaac: waxaad maqli
Dhaawac soo gaara madaxa oo sababa
doontaa dhawaaq dheri dillaacsan)
dhaawaca maskaxda. 2.Caruur: aragga oo xumaada, suuxdin,
madax xanuun
noocyada: Calaamadaha dambe ee kor u kaca icp
1. Qurxinta: dabacsanaan
Dhaawaca Madaxa Furan:
2.Decebrate: kordhin
Shayga 3.Cheyne-Stokes neefsashada
gasha dhakada 4.LOC oo hoos u dhacay
5. Falcelinta ardayda aan caadiga ahayn

Dhaawaca madaxa oo xiran:
6. Bradycardia
Dhaawac cad 7.Dareenka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqdhaqaaqa oo liita
Qurxinta & dib u habeyn

Qurxinta:
1. Gacmaha waxay u soo leexdeen xagga
Waxqabadyada Kalkaalinta:
jidhka
1. Dhaqdhaqaaqa luqunta iyo laf dhabarta 2.cumaacadaha iyo faraha ayaa laabta oo
laabta lagu hayaa
2. Kor u qaad madaxa @ 30 darajo (haddii aysan
3. Lugaha la dheereeyey
ahayn dhaawac laf dhabarta ah)
3.Madaxa booska: booska khadka dhexe Hoos u dhig:

4.La soco marin-haweedka (O2 therapy)
1. Madaxa iyo luqunta oo dib loo
dhigay
5.Qiimee calaamadaha muhiimka ah iyo 2.Gacmaha iyo lugaha oo la fidiyay
heerka miyirka
6.Ha nuugin bukaanka DHIBAATOOYINKA:

7. taxaddarrada suuxdinta
8.Ilmaha wax u baro si aad uga fogaato culayska

1. Dhiigbaxa dhabarka
9. Geli tuubada kaadida
2. Dhiig-baxa hoose
DAAWO: 3. Ka qayb qaadashada maskaxda
1.Antibiotics: dildilaac 4. Diidashada CSF: Dheecaan ka yimaada sanka/
2.Osmotic diuretic (mannitol): bararka dheguhu waxay u fiican yihiin gulukoosta

maskaxda oo yaraada
3.Anticonvulsants: suuxdin
4.Acetaminophen: madax xanuun
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Xanuunada neerfaha
Calaamadaha iyo astaamaha: dhallaanka
HIDROCEPHALUS 1. Kordhi xajmiga madaxa (wareeg-wareeg) -
sharaxaad heerka koritaanka madaxa oo aan caadi ahayn
2. Fontanelle oo soo booda

Ururinta CSF ee aan caadiga ahayn sababtoo
3. Dejinta calaamadda qorraxda
ah isku dheelitir la'aanta wax soo saarka CSF
4. xididdada madaxa oo balaadha
iyo nuugista 5. Calaamadda Macewen ("codka dheriga dillaacsan")
noocyada: Calaamadaha iyo astaamaha: Carruurta
1. Madax xanuunka baraaruga

Xiriirinta: hydrocephalus aan
2.Nystagmus
xannibnayn
3. xanaaq
4. Matag
Xiriir la'aan:
5.Dabcan iyo jahawareer
Carqalad
6. Papilledema
hydrocephalus
Daryeelka qalliinka ka hor
1.Qiimee LOC, wareegga madaxa

faragelinta qaliinka oo kordhi ICP
Hadafka faragelinta qalliinka waa in 2. Taageerada madaxa iyo qoorta
laga gudbo xannibaadda lagana 3. Bixi quudin yar oo joogto ah

hortago ururinta CSF.
Shunt
1. Qalliin oo la geliyo nidaamka
dheecaanka, loo yaqaan shunt.
Endoscopic ventriculostomy saddexaad
1. Daawaynta doorashada ee
Daryeelka qaliinka kadib:
hydrocephalus obstructive 1.Qiimee calaamadaha kor u kaca ICP
2.Qiimee wareegga madaxa
3.Qiimee calaamadaha caabuqa
DAAWO: 4. Bixi daryeelka shunt

5.Position: dhinac aan shaqaynayn si looga
1.Antibiotics
fogaado cadaadis ku saabsan valve shunt.
2.Analgesics
6. Xusuusnow: oohinta sare, qaylada ee ilmaha
waa calaamad muujinaysa korodhka ICP.
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DHIBAATOOYINKA WADNAHA WADNAHA
1.Ciladaha kordhiya socodka dhiigga sambabada

2.Ciladaha yareeya socodka dhiigga
sambabada
3.Ciladaha hortaagan
4.Blood socodka isku dhafan
5.Xummad Rheumatic ah
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Xanuunada Wadnaha
cillado kordhiya socodka dhiigga sambabada
Ciladda Sebtal Atrial:
Pathophysiology : dalool septum u dhexeeya atria bidix

iyo midig.
Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha : gunuunaca wadnaha, garaaca wadnaha, tachycardia,
garaaca wadnaha oo yaraada (calaamadaha kale ee wax soo saarka wadnaha oo
yaraada)
Maamulka: Ciladda septal ee atrial waxaa laga yaabaa in la xiro iyadoo la isticmaalayo
kateeterization wadnaha.
Cilad-xumada HENTRICULAR:
Pathophysiology : dalool septum ah oo kala sooca wadnaha hoose ee

bidix iyo halbowlayaasha midig
Calaamadaha iyo astaamaha: Murmur (adag iyo qeylo badan ayaa laga maqlay xudduudda
hoose ee bidix), calaamado kale oo muujinaya hoos u dhaca soo-saarka wadnaha.
Maamulka: Ciladda septal ee Ventricular waa la xidhi karaa iyadoo la
isticmaalayo kateeteraynta wadnaha.
ARTERIOSUS DUCTUS PATENT:
Pathophysiology Tani waxay dhacdaa marka ductus arteriosus ay ku
guuldareysato inay xirto dhalashada ka dib.
Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha : garaaca garaaca wadnaha, cadaadiska garaaca wadnaha oo
ballaaran, gunuunac mashiinka u eg
Daawo: Indomethacin
488/601
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Xanuunada Wadnaha
ciladaha YAReeya socodka dhiigga sambabada
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Tetralogy of Falot waxa ka mid ah 4 cilladood:

1.Ventricular septal cillad (VSD): dalool septum ah kaas oo kala saara
wadnaha hoose ee bidix iyo halbowlayaasha midig
2.Sababada stenosis: waalka sambabada waa cidhiidhi.
3.Aorta oo ka gudubta: cilad ku dhacda halbowlaha. Aorta waxaa loo wareejiyaa
midig oo si toos ah ayuu uga sarreeyaa VSD.
4. hypertrophy ventricular midig: ventricle midig ayaa dhumucday
CALAAMADAHA IYO CALAAMADAHA:
1. Cyanosis
2.Hadafka
3. Naadi faraha iyo lugaha
4.Korriin liidata
1.Echocardiography
2. Raajo laabta
MAAMULKA Qalliinka:
1. Faragelinta qalliinku waa ikhtiyaar daawaynta waxtarka leh ee

Tetralogy of Fallot.
2. Faragelinta qaliinka: hab ku meel gaar ah oo isticmaala shunt
3. Faragelinta qaliinka: dayactir dhamaystiran
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Xanuunada Wadnaha
cilladaha xannibaadda
STENOSIS Aortic: Stenosis sambabada:
Pathophysiology : waalka halbowlaha waa Pathophysiology : waalka
cidhiidhi sambabada waa cidhiidhi.
Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha Dulqaad Dhibaatooyinka: Dhiig-karka
la'aan jimicsi, gunuunac, laab xanuun, ventricular ee midig, HF, Arrhythmia
hypotension. Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha :
Maamulka: Aortic Valvotomy, gunuunac Maamulka: Valvotomy
Balloon valvuloplasty.
ISKU-XIDHINTA AORTA
Pathophysiology : Joojinta socodka dhiigga sababtoo ah cidhiidhi ku yimaada aorta ee

u dhow ductus arteriosis.
Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha : BP-ga sare ee cirifka sare marka loo eego
cirifka hoose. garaaca garaaca ee cidhifyada sare iyo maqaarka qabow ee
cidhifyada hoose.
Maamulka: Aortic Valvotomy, Balloon valvuloplasty.
ciladaha keena qul qulka DHIIGGA

Truncus Arteriosus: Cudurka wadnaha ee bidix ee hypoplastic:
Pathophysiology Jirrid halbowle ah oo Pathophysiology Dhanka bidix ee

halbowle ah oo ay ugu wacan tahay kala- wadnuhu si buuxda uma kobcin.
soocidda bidix iyo midig Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha Wadna
ventricle xanuun, caajisnimo, cyanosis
Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha : HF, Maamulka: Nidaamyada waxaa lagu
caajisnimo, gunuunac wadnaha, cyanosis,
sameeyaa saddex marxaladood. Habka
quudin xumo & korriin
Norwood, Habka Glenn, Habka Fontan.
Maamulka: Faragelinta qalliinka bilaha ugu
horreeya ee nolosha gudahooda.
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Xanuunada Wadnaha
Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha
Xummad RHEUMATIC ah 1.Wadnaha: Xabad xanuun , Wadnaha gunuunaca,
kaadida
Cudurka difaaca jirka bararsan. Waxay dhacdaa
2.Musculoskeletal: Kala goysyada xanuun iyo jilicsanaanta,
ka dib caabuq cunaha oo ka yimaada
qanjidhada subcutaneous
bakteeriyada loo yaqaan group A
3. Maqaarka: Erythema marginatum (nabarada
streptococcus.
cas ee jirridda iyo cidhifyada)
waxay saamaysaa:
4.CNS: Dhaqdhaqaaq aan ikhtiyaarka lahayn oo aan la
xakamayn karin (chorea), qandho (+cune xanuun)

1.Qalbiga
Tijaabada Shaybaadhka:
2. Xididdada dhiigga
1. Heer sare ka-hortagga-
3.CNS
streptolysin-O
4. Kala-goysyada 2.Heerka borotiinka C-reactive oo sare u kacay
3. Tijaabada suufka cunaha

5. Maqaarka
4.Erythrocyte sare
heerka sedimentation
shuruudaha waaweyn (baaritaannada ogaanshaha)

FARGELIN KAALINTA
1.Carditis: caabuqa wadnaha
2.Chorea: Dhaqdhaqaaq aan ikhtiyaar ahayn oo aan la
2.Maaraynta dawooyinka aan dawooyinka ahayn
xakamayn karin
3. Sariir nasasho
3.Erythema marginatum: nabarrada cas
4. Bar waalidiinta baahida loo qabo
ee jirridda iyo cidhifyada
kahortaga antibiyootiga ee habraac
4. qanjidhada subcutaneous
kasta oo qalafsan (& shaqada ilkaha) 5.Polyarthritis
5.Walidka wax ka baro nidaamka

shuruudo yaryar (baaritaannada ogaanshaha)
caafimaadka iyo dawooyinka
1. Qandho
2.Arthralgia: kalagoysyo xanuun
3.Erythrocyte sare
DAAWO: heerka sedimentation
1.Antibiotics 4.Heerka borotiinka C-reactive oo sare u kacay
2.Wakiilada ka hortagga caabuqa
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DHIBAATOOYINKA GAARNIINKA
1.NAFROTIC SYNDROME
2.GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
3.CRYPTORCHIDISM
4.EPISPADIAS/HYPOSPADIAS
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Cudurada xubnaha taranka

Cudurka NEFROIC
sharaxaad
Cudurka Nephrotic waxaa lagu gartaa soo
saarista barootiinka ee kaadida (proteinuria),
taasoo keenta heerarka borotiinka ee dhiigga oo
hooseeya (hypoproteinemia).
Tani waxay keenaysaa barar iyo hypovolemia.

1.La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah
1.Bararka xuubka iyo wajiga
2.La socoshada BP 2.Ascites
3.La soco shaybaadhka qiyamka-protein 3.Bararka durugsan
4. Qaadashada iyo jaantuska wax soo saarka
4.Proteinuria
5.Hypoproteinemia
6.Hyperlipidemia
6. Cunto milixdu ku yar tahay/cuntooyinka sodium-ka/Kolestaroolka oo hooseeya
7. Daawooyinka: Corticosteroids, Diuretics 8. Daal
9. caajisnimo
glomerulonephritis
sharaxaad
Koox ka mid ah cudurrada kelyaha oo ay sababto
jawaab-celinta difaaca jirka oo kicisa bararka
unugyada glomerular.
Aad u daran: 2-3 toddobaad kadib caabuqa streptococcal
Joogto ah: ka dib marxalad ba'an

1.La socoshada BP 1.Kaadi midab madow
2.La soco dareerayaasha iyo heerka electrolytes 2.Hematuria
3. Joogtaynta xaddidaadaha dareeraha sida lagu amray 3.Proteinuria
4. Hel miisaanka maalinlaha ah 4.Azotemia

5.Oliguria
5. Xaddidaadda Sodium ee cuntada
6.Bararka
Daawooyinka: Daawooyinka dhiig-karka, dawooyinka lagu shubo,
7.Kool BP
antibiyootiga
8.Dhinaca
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Cudurada xubnaha taranka

cryptorchidism
sharaxaad
Xiniinyaha ayaa ku guuldareysta inay hoos ugu
dhacaan xiniinyaha.

Faragelinta Qalliinka: 1. Ma arki karo mana dareemi
1. Orchiopexy (1-2 sano) karo xiniinyaha xiniinyaha.
Daryeelka qaliinka kadib
2. Xinjiruhu wuu fidsan yahay oo wuu
1.La soco calaamadaha caabuqa
ka yar yahay sida caadiga ah
2.La soco dhiiga
epispadia/hypospadias
sharaxaad
Epispadias iyo Hypospadias waa cillad dhalasho oo lagu
garto meelaynta aan caadiga ahayn ee daloolka
kaadimareenka.
Epispadias: xasuuso "TOP"
Hypospadias: xasuuso "BOTTOM"

Faragelinta qaliinka 1.Epispadias: dalool aan caadi ahayn
1.Urinary stent
oo ku yaal xagga sare ee kaadi
2. Inta u dhaxaysa da'da 6 iyo 18 bilood.
mareenka
Daryeelka qaliinka kadib:
1.La soco qaadashada iyo wax soo saarka 2.Hypospadias: ah
2.Daawa: antibiyootik Furitaan aan caadi ahayn oo ka dhacda
Waxbarashada xagga hoose ee kaadi mareenka

1. Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha caabuqa
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DHIBAATOOYINKA XIRIIRKA XIRIIRKA
1.Cudurka HIRSCHSPRUNG
2. XAQIIQA
3.GERD
4.AARAJINTA
5.CUDURKA CELIAC
6.HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS
495/601
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Xanuunada GASTROINTESTINAL
Cudurka Hirschsprung
sharaxaad
Cudurka Hirschsprung waxaa lagu gartaa maqnaanshaha
ama maqnaanshaha unugyada ganglion ee meelaha
qaarkood ee xiidanka.
Tani waxay keenaysaa xannibaad farsamo &

dhaqdhaqaaqa oo yaraada
Dhibaatooyinka: Enterocolitis

Baaritaanka ogaanshaha: Biobsi Dhallaanka cusub
malawadka Faragelinta Qalliinka 1.Ma jirto saxaro meconium
1.Colostomy 2.Cabdominal disiki

2. Ka saarida meelaha mindhicirka.
3. matag (bile)
Carruurta
Cunto: fiber-ku yar, kaloori badan, cunto borotiin
1. Calool istaag
badan. Xusuusnow: Ha u qaadan heerkulka si toos ah.
2. Saxaro ribbon oo kale ah
3.Dib u dhaca koritaanka
XAQIIQDA
sharaxaad
Intussusception waxay dhacdaa marka qayb ka mid
ah xiidmaha "telescopes" gudaha mid kale.
Tani waxay keentaa calool-istaagga.

1. Dheecaannada IV, Antibiyootigyada iyo tuubada NG (loo 1. calool xanuun (daran)
isticmaalo depression) 2. Matag
Daawaynta 3.Mass in caloosha
1.Biyo kala duwanaansho ama enema hawada. (sausage-qaabeeya).
4. Saxaro lagu qasay dhiig
iyo saxaro xab-jelly ah
5.Daciifnimo/daalid
496/601
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GERD
sharaxaad
Cudurka Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease waa
cillad dheefshiidka oo ku dhacda dib-u-socodka
maadada caloosha.
Tijaabooyin ogaanshaha: Upper endoscopy

Esophageal daraasaadka pH

Qiimee xanuunka Dhallaanka:
Kor u qaad madaxa sariirta (HOB) -carruurta> 1 sano
1. xanaaq
Daawooyinka: Proton pump inhibitors, Histamine H2
2. candhuuf
antagonist
Carruurta:
Waxbarid
Ka ilaali dhallaanka inuu seexdo ka dib markaad cuntid
1. Qufac
cuntooyin yar yar oo badan 2.Wadna xanuunka
Daac ilmaha 3.Miisaan liidata
Cudurka loo yaqaan 'appendicitis'
sharaxaad
Caabuqa lifaaqa vermiform.
Caabuqa ayaa sababa xannibaadda lumen
appendiceal.
Dhibaatooyinka: bararka dheereeya waxay keeni kartaa in
lifaaqu dillaaco/ dillaaco taasoo keenta peritonitis.

1.Appendectomy: qaliinka ka saarida lifaaqa 1.McBurney's point
2.Maareynta xanuunka, dareeraha IV
Farmashiistaha 2.Periumbilical
1.Antibiotics
Faragelinta Kalkaaliyaha calool xanuun
1.Qiimee xanuunka
2.Qiimaynta caloosha 3. RLQ xanuun
3.Monitor VS
4.Daryeelka qaliinka kahor: NPO + IVF
4. Qandho
5.Daryeelka qaliinka kadib: La soco goobta qaliinka + la soco
5.Caloosha oo adkaata
calaamadaha caabuqa
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cudurka celiac
sharaxaad
Cudurka Celiac waa dulqaad la'aanta gluten.
Gluten waa borotiin laga helo sarreenka, shaciir
iyo galley.
1.Ku baro qoyska cuntada aan lahayn gluten-free. 1. Steatorrhea

2.Miisaan dhimis
2. Cuntooyinka la cuno: miraha, galleyda, bariiska,
3.Cabdominal xanuunka
daqiiqda/firileyda, ukunta, kalluunka, khudaarta.
4.Caloosha
3. Iska ilaali sarreenka, shaciir ama galley.
kala fogaansho
5.Anemia
6. Daal
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
sharaxaad
Dhumucda (hypertrophy) ee muruqyada pylorus
taas oo keenta xannibaad. Cuntada ayaa ka
xanniban inay gasho duodenum.

Faragelinta Qalliinka: 1.matag mashruuc
1.Pyloromyotomy 2.Gaajo joogto ah
Faragelin 3. Fuuqbaxa
4.Metabolic Alkalosis
5.Cusub qaab Saytuun ah
2.La soco I/O iyo marxaladaha matagga
(RUQ)
3.Daryeelka qaliinka kadib (pyloromyotomy) 6.Miisaan dhimista
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DHIBAATOOYINKA MUSQULUS
1.JABAY
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xanuunada murqaha
Calaamadaha iyo Calaamadaha
JABAN 1.xanuun
sharaxaad 2. Luminta shaqada/qalafsanaanta
Jabku waa laf jabtay. Waxaa jira 3.Crepitus

nasasho ku socota sii socoshada 4.Bararka
5.Ecchymosis (maqaarka oo doorsooma)
dhismaha lafaha.
noocyada: DARYEELKA JIDKA
1.Jab xiran: lafo jaban oo aan nabar 1. Hubi in bacda culeyska jiidista ay si xor ah u
maqaarka ka furneyn.
laadlaadsan tahay.
2.Jab furan (isku dhafan): jab leh
nabar furan. 2.La soco wax kasta oo dhib ah ee
3.Jab buuxa: si dhammaystiran u jaba dhaqaaqa.
lafaha laba u kala baxa. 3.Qiimee maqaarka iyo heerka neerfaha
4.Jab aan dhamaystirnayn: laftu gabi

ahaanba ma jabto.
5.Jab la jaray: jebi in ka badan laba kabka
jajab.
Waxqabadyada Kalkaalinta: 2.Qiimee xaalada neerfaha

3.Qiimee daacadnimada maqaarka
4. Ka ilaali galitaanka adigoo ku taageeraya kabka
2. Qiimaynta hufnaanta maqaarka
calaacasha gacanta (dharka malaasta, kabka
3. Qiimaynta heerka neerfaha bannaanka).
4.La soco dhibaatooyinka 5. Bar qoyska iyo ilmaha si ay uga fogaadaan in
dhaqdhaqaaq-la'aanta shay kasta (sida alaabta ay ku ciyaaraan) la dhex
5. Bixinta dawooyinka iyo daaweynta dhigo kabka.
xanuunka aan dawooyinka ahayn

DHIBAATOOYINKA:
6. Ku dhiiri geli bukaanka inuu beddelo
booska (sida loo dulqaatay/sida
loo qoray)
1.Qeybta xanuunka
2. Burbur maqaarka
Qolalka Syndrome 3.Nabarrada cadaadiska
5Ps:
4. Calool istaag (dhaqdhaqaaq la'aan)
1.xanuun
2.Presthesia 5.Neurovascular liid

3.Pulseless
4.Curyaan
5.Pallor 500/601
Caafimaadka Kalkaalisada
Qiimaynta

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HORDHAC
XUSUUSO HORDHAC
KORMEERKA 1. Is baro naftaada.
2. Samee nadaafadda gacmaha.
3. Bixi asturnaanta bukaanka.
BASHAALKA 4. Xaqiiji aqoonsiga bukaanka iyo DOB.
5. Sharax habka.
HARGAYSI
CALAAMADAHA MUHIIMKA AH
garaaca garaaca: 60-100 bpm
AUSCULTATION Dhiig karka Systolic: 90-129

Diastolic: 60-80
Heerka Neefsashada: 12-18 bpm
HANUUNINTA
O2 Dheefta: 95-100%
U isticmaal su'aalahan hagitaan ahaan Heerkulka: 97.8-99.1 darajo F
qiimee jihada bukaanka.
1. Magacaa?
2. Waa maxay taariikhda dhalashadaada? QIIMEYNTA XANUUNKA
3. Halkee joogtaa hadda?
P
Sababta kicinta/soo da'da: Maxaa sababa in
4. Waa kuma madaxweynaha hadda? xanuunka uu ka sii daro?
5. Ma ii sheegi kartaa bisha ay Sababta Palliative: Maxaa xanuunka ka dhigaya mid wanaagsan?
Q
tahay?
6. Maxaad ka samaynaysaa halkan? Tayada: Qeex xanuunka.
R
Gobolka: Xagee xanuunku ku yaalaa? Shucaaca: Waa kuwee
meelaha kale ee aad ka dareemeyso xanuunka?
S Darnaanta: Miisaanka xanuunka.
T
Wakhtiga/Arrimaha Ku-meel-gaadhka ah:
Xanuunku ma isbeddelaa? Xanuunku ma yahay mid
joogto ah?
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NIDAAMKA NEURKA
XAALADDA MASKAXDA neerfayaasha CRANIAL
1.Qiimee niyadda, a muuqaalka,
Ku dar in yar oo b qoraalka ody
1.Nerve Olfactory: ur
saamayn iyo is qurxin. 2.Nerve indhaha: aragga
2.Qiimee hadalka 3.Oculomotor Neerve: Xannibaadda
3.Qiimee heerka miyirka ardayda iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa indhaha
4.Qiimee hanuuninta 4. Dareemaha Trochlear: Dhaqdhaqaaqa indhaha
5. Dareemaha Trigeminal: Taabasho iyo
Miisaanka iyo ISKU-DIRKA xanuunka wejiga iyo madaxa, murqaha

Socodka iyo Dheelitirnaanta
calalinta.
1. U fiirso qaabka socodka bukaanka
6.Abducens Neve: Dhaqdhaqaaqa indhaha
marka ay kaa tagayaan oo ay dib u
7. Neerfaha wajiga:
socdaan.
dhadhanka carrabka
2.Bukaanku ha ka istaago
hore, murqaha wejiga iyo
fadhiga.
macluumaadka somatosensory ee
3. Far bukaanka in uu ku boodboodo meel
dhegta
kasta cag kasta.
8.Vestibulocochlear Neerve:
Iskudubarid
1. Si joogto ah ha u taabto bukaanka Maqalka/dheelitirnaanta
sanka iyo farta murdisada. 9.Glossopharyngeal neerfaha:

dhadhanka carrabka dambe,
murqaha liqidda.
XOOGGA, ROM IYO MUUQAALAHA
10.Vagus Neerve: Dareenka, dhaqdhaqaaqa
Qiimee xoogga muruqa. Qiimee
iyo shaqada autonomic ee
falcelinta adoo isticmaalaya seedaha
cabirka qiimaynta falcelinta. dhuuban.
Far bukaanka inuu kala saaro 11. Dareemaha Xidhiidhka Laf-dhabarta:
fiiqan iyo caajis u dhexeeya Dhaqdhaqaaqa madaxa
dareenka. 12.Hypoglossal Neve: Xakamee

Qiimee kabuubyada iyo jidhidhidda muruqa carrabka.
503/601
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MADAXA, INDHAHA, DHAGAHA, SANKA, AFKA
MADAXA INDHAHA
KORMEERKA KORMEERKA
1. Midabka maqaarka.
1. kormeer qaababka indhaha
2.Baaxadda madaxa iyo qaabka.
3.Qiimee summaynta wejiga. (Dareemaha cranial 7)
dibadda.
4.U fiirso dhaq-dhaqaaqa wejiga ee aan caadiga ahayn.
2. Kormeer conjunctiva iyo Sclera.
5.Qiimee in indhaha iyo dheguhu isku 3. Tijaabi dareemaha cranial III, IV iyo VI
heer yihiin. (eeg qiimaynta neuro).
BASHAALKA 4. Hubi falcelinta ardayga ee iftiinka.
1.Cranium- Palpate ee nabarrada, cufan. 5. Tijaabi hoy.
2. Timo- Palpate calaamad kasta oo caabuq ah 3. iyo
meelaha bidaarta leh. PERRLA - Ardaydu waa siman yihiin, wareegsan
4. Sinuses- Palpate sinuses hore iyo yihiin oo ka falceliyaan iftiinka iyo
maxillary.
Hoyga
5. TMJ- Palpate calaamadaha qallafsanaanta iyo
gujinta
Cabbirka ardayga - 3-5mm oo le'eg cabbir ahaan
DHAGAHA SANKA
KORMEERKA KORMEERKA
1. Casaan, dareere iyo cillado 1.Dibadeed: Kormeer biyo-mareenka,
aan caadi ahayn. cabbirka iyo summaynta, qaabka. Kormeer
septum.
2. Gudaha: Ka eeg guduudashada iyo
BASHAALKA burooyinka.
1. U fiirso jilicsanaanta,
dhaawacyada iyo bararka. TIJAAB
2. Tijaabi neerfaha cranial-Vestibulocochlear. 1. Nare patency
2.Cranial neerfaha- Ulfactory
AFKA QORTA
KORMEERKA
KORMEERKA
1. Hubi hawo-mareenka (khadka dhexe), JVD,
1.Dibadeed: baadh midabka dibnaha iyo
nabarada iyo kuuskuuska.
nabarrada.
BASHAALKA
2. Gudaha: Baadh cirridka, carrabka,
1.Palpate lymph nodes.
ilkaha, nabarada, dhadhanka jilicsan
2.Palate carotid artery iyo
iyo adag.
auscultate for bruits.
3. Palpate oo go'aami
NERVE CRANIAL joogitaanka goiter-ka.
Tijaabi neerfaha cranial - Glossopharyngeal
Tijaabi neerfaha cranial- Hypoglossal NERVE CRANIAL
Tijaabi neerfaha cranial- Vagus Tijaabi neerfaha cranial- Agabka.
504/601
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NIDAAMKA Neefsiga
QIIMEYN/TAARIIKHDA
1.Qiimee RR, O2
KORMEERKA
saturation, ABGs 1. Laabta sumaysan
2. Qiimaynta taariikhda: dhaqdhaqaaqa
a. SOB 2. Neefsashada foosha
b. Qufac
c.Laab xanuun ABGs
d. Taariikhda qoyska
pH: 7.35-7.45
e. Cudurka neef-mareenka PaO2: 80-100 mmHg
PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg
O2 Dheefanka: 95%-100%
HCO3: 21-28 mEq/L
BASHAALKA AUSCULTATION
1.xanuun iyo barar Ausculate dambe,
xabadka hore iyo kan dambe.
Dhageyso:
HARGAYSI 1.Crackles
Isticmaal habka Z-block:
2.Hiiqsiyo
Resonance: si caadi ah loo maqlay
3. Rhonchi
sambabada.
4. Stridor
Dhawaaq caajis ah: adag/ dareere buuxsamay
5. xoqid xuubka
aagga
Kor-u-qaadista: Waa la maqlay Isticmaal qaabka Z-block

sambabada oo kacsan min cirifka ilaa salka.
Calaamadaha: pneumothorax
505/601
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NIDAAMKA WADNAHA WADNAHA

1. Qiimaynta
1.Calaamadaha muhiimka ah
2. Kormeer
1.Pulsation ee gidaarka
a. BP, HR, RR, O2
laabta
saturation
2.Qiimee
a. Heerkulka maqaarka Qalabka qiimaynta
b.Cyanosis Dib-u-buuxinta xididka: Caadi = <3
Dib u dhac = >3
c.Qoyaanka
garaaca garaaca:
d.Capillary buuxin Maqan= 0

daciif = +1
e. garaaca wadnaha
Caadi = +2
f.Bararka Buuxa = +3
Soo xidhidh = +4
g.Xiddiga varicose
3. Calaacasha 4. Auscultation
1. Dhegayso dhawaaqyada
1. Soo hel garaaca
wadnaha iyo gunuuska.
wadnaha apical (PMI) 2. Isticmaal diaphragm-ka
2.Qiimee waxyaalaha xiisaha leh stethoscope-ka markaa
( gunuus la taaban karo). gambaleelka.
3.Qiimaynta sariiraha
506 / 601
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CABDOMINAL/GI/GU
Xusuusnow 1. KORMEERKA
1. Midabka maqaarka,
KORMEERKA conto iyo pulsat aortic
AUSCULTATION
HARGAYSI
BASHAALKA
2. AUSCULTATION
Auscultate dhawaaqa
mindhicirka. Ku bilow RLQ iyo
dhanka saacada.
Sanqadha mindhicirka 3. MUUQAAL

1.Maqan - Ma jiro dhawaaqa Dhawaaqa Tympanic: Gaas
mindhicirka ka dib dhegeysiga 5 caloosha buuxisay (caadi)

Dullness: visera adag, dareere,
daqiiqado.
saxaro badan, qaab dhismeedka
2.Munaafaqnimo - Hal mindhicir ayaa
adag ee dambe (tusaale beerka)
dhawaaqa 3-5 daqiiqo kasta.
3.Codka mindhicirka caadiga

4. BAASHAALKA
ah - Gurgles 5-30 kasta Calaacasha fudud oo ay ku xigto garaacid
daqiiqo. qoto dheer.

Palpate oo u fiirso xanuunka,
4.firfircooni badan -> 30 cod
qallafsanaanta, cufka iyo jilicsanaanta
daqiiqadii
507/601
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XARAFAHA
XAGGA SARE
KORMEERKA
U eeg maqaarka
casaan ama maqaarka
burbur iyo DAREENKA HOOSE

midab. Timirta eeg KORMEERKA
iyo cidiyaha. Ka eeg maqaarka casaanka
ama burburka maqaarka, koritaanka
PALPATE timaha, bararka, cagaha iyo
Ku dhufo shucaaca cidiyaha.
iyo garaaca laabta

iyo buuxinta xididka. PALPATE
Qiimee muruqa garaaca wadnaha - garaaca wadnaha
xoog iyo ROM. popliteal ee dambe, garaaca tibial,
iyo garaaca wadnaha dorsalis. Palpate
oo loogu talagalay bararka bararka.
Babinski Reflex- samee qalooca S ee
cagaha hoostooda adigoo isticmaalaya
qalin oo u fiirso laablaaban
faraha lugaha
Qiimee xoogga muruqa

iyadoo la isticmaalayo Oxford Strength
Qiyaasta Darajooyinka
508/601
nee
rfay
aas
ha
C
Hag
RAN
aha
Wa
xba
IAL
ras
hoe
eA
rda
yda
Kal
kaa
li sad
a

nursebossstore.com
Dareemaha Cranial
Soo koobida Dareemaha CranialM=
CN= NERVE CRANIAL, S=Dareen
MOTOOR
cn i: Ulfactory (daar) Shaqada: Urta (-yada)
cn ii: Optic (munaasabadaha)Shaqada: Aragtida (-yada)
Arday
cn iii: Oculomotor (annaga) Shaqada: xaddidid
iyo isha
(m)
dhaqdhaqaaqa
cn iv:Trochlear (aamin)Shaqada:Inta badan isha dhaqdhaqaaqa

(m)
cn v:Trigeminal (baabuur xamuul ah)Shaqada:Waji

dareen, (labadaba)
naasnuujinta
cn vi:Cabducens (falalka)Shaqada:Afduubtaan
isha (m)
Wejiga
cn vii:Wejiga (Qosol)Shaqada:muujinta,
dhadhamin
(labadaba)
cn viii:Vesti-bulocochlear(aad u) Shaqada:Maqalka/ Dheelitiran (-yada)
Glosso-
cn ix:
Wax liqidda
pharyngeal (wanaagsan) Shaqada:Gag reflex (labadaba)
Dareenka,
cn x:Vagus
matoor iyo
(gaari)Shaqada: madax-bannaani
shaqada ee
(labadaba)
dhuuban.
Madaxa
cn xi:Agabka
dhaqdhaqaaqa,
(wax) Shaqada: Garabka

garbaduub
(m)
Xakamaynta
cn xii:Hypoglossal (sidee)Shaqada: carrabka

muruq. (m)
510/601
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Dareemaha Cranial
cn i:Ulfactory (daar) Shaqada: Urta (-yada)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
1. Weydii macmiilka inuu xidho hal dalool oo 1. Macmiilku waxa uu awood u leeyahay in uu ku
sanka ah oo ay indhuhu xidhan yihiin. garto urta tijaabada dusheeda sanka kasta.
2. Dhig ur ur ah oo sanka 2. Awoodda urta ee sanka

hoostiisa ah oo weydii kasta waa isku mid.
macmiilka inuu garto urta.
3.Qiimaynta patency ee
marinnada sanka laba dhinac
Natiijooyin aan caadi ahayn:

1.Hyperosmia: dareenka urta oo kordha. Hypoosmia: ur urta oo yaraatay. Anosmia,
awood la'aanta in la aqoonsado urta (hal dhinac ama laba dhinac)
2. Sababta ugu badan waa hargab/ sanka xasaasiyad ama dhaawac.
cn ii:Optic (munaasabadaha)Shaqada: Aragtida (-yada)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
Aragga Aragga
1.Qiimee acuity araga adigoo isticmaalaya shaxda Aragga Aragga
Snellen. Far macmiilka inuu daboosho hal il oo weydii
macmiilka inuu akhriyo xarfaha la tusay oo uu duubo 1. Macmiilku waxa uu wax ku akhrin karaa il
si qumman.
kasta iyo labada indhood. (20/20
Goobaha muuqaalka
1. Tijaabi goobaha muuqaalka adoo isticmaalaya iska horimaad. aragti)

2.Heerka isha, u sheeg macmiilka inuu daboolo isha
bidix (baaruhu wuxuu daboolaa isha midig). Fundoscopy
Weydii macmiilka inuu yidhaahdo "hadda" marka faraha
imtixaan qaaduhu ay ka soo galaan meel ka baxsan aragga,
1. Natiijooyinka caadiga ah ee saxanka
oo galaan aragga durugsan ee macmiilka. (ku celi)
indhaha, koob physiological, maraakiibta
Fundoscopy
1.Muuqaalka tooska ah ee dareemayaasha indhaha indhaha iyo fovea ayaa la arkay.

1. Si sharci ah indhoole-20/200
2.Papilledema in fundus: Luminta garaaca xididka, luminta holaca cidhifka
dhiiga ee qaabaysan dhiigbaxa, luminta koobkii physiologic
511/601
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Dareemaha Cranial
Arday
cn iii:Oculomotor (Anaga) Shaqada: xaddidid

iyo isha
dhaqdhaqaaqa
(m)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
Iftiin Falcelinta iftiinka
1. Qolka iftiinkiisu yar yahay, ka codso 1. Ardayga Iftiimay iyo kuwa aan Iftiiminba
macmiilka inuu diirada saaro shay fog
2. Iftiinka qalinka dhinac uga waa in ay isku koobaan.
leexi ardayga. Hoyga:
3. U fiirso jawaabta ardayga 1.Arday- cidhiidhi ah (wax u dhow)
iftiimay.
2.Ardaydu-kala furfuraan (shay fog)
4. U fiirso jawaabta ardayga kale.
3.Ardaydu-isku-duuban (shay u
Hoyga dhaqaaqo xagga sanka)
1. Weydii macmiilka in uu ka eego dhinaca u
PERRLA (ardaydu waxay si siman u wareegaan oo
dhow ilaa shayga fog.
2. U dhaqaaq shay dhinaca sanka uga falceliyaan iftiinka iyo hoyga)
macmiilka.

1.Anisocoria- hal arday ayaa ka weyn kan kale. 2. Diplopia ("arkida
labanlaab") 3. Ptosis- indho-daboolan. 4.Awood la'aanta in la dejiyo
cn iv:Trochlear (aamin)Shaqada:Inta badan isha dhaqdhaqaaqa

(m)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
1. Istaag 1 mitir hortiisa macmiilka Labada indhoodba waxay awoodaan inay si habsami
2. Far macmiilka inuu la socdo leh ula socdaan iftiinka qalinka.
iftiinka qalinka indhahooda

oo keliya adoon madaxooda
u dhaqaaqin kor, hoos,
dhinac iyo saf

1.Gaze palsy: awood la'aanta in ay u dhaqdhaqaajiso labada indhood ee hal jihada
toosan ama toosan.
2.Nystagmus: dhaqdhaqaaqa indhaha oo aan la xakamayn.
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Dareemaha Cranial
Waji
cn v:Trigeminal (gaari) Shaqada:dareen,naasnuujinta (labadaba)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
Reflex Corneal:
1.Isticmaalka Q-tip, si khafiif ah u taabo xudunta isha 1.Client wuxuu awooday inuu kiciyo falcelinta
si aad u soo saarto falcelis bilig-biqsi ah.
corneal
Dareen 2. U nugul kicinta
1. Weydii macmiilka in uu indhahooda xidho oo uu
yidhaahdo "fiiqan" ama " caajis" marka ay dareemaan 3.Muruqa Masseter: daciifnimo lama
shay taabtay wejigooda.
arag. Matoorka caadiga ah
Muruq maskaxeedka:
shaqada naasnuujinta.
1. Calaamee muruqa ku meel gaadhka ah iyo muruqa
weyn marka macmiilku si adag u qaniino.
2. Weydiiso macmiilka inuu afka u kala
qaado iska caabbinta gacmahaaga xagga
garka

1.Reflex-ka corneal maqan
2. Dareen-xumada
3.Daciifnimada daanka
cn vi:Cabducens (ficil) Shaqada:Afduubtaan

isha (m)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
1. istaag meel 1 mitir u jirta macmiilka oo 1. Labada indhoodba waxay u
leh iftiin qalin leh. socdaan iskudubarid iyo
2. Weydii macmiilka inuu raaco isbarbardhig la arkay
iftiinka qalinka ee lixda
goobood ee indhaha.

1.Gaze palsy: awood la'aanta in ay u dhaqdhaqaajiso labada indhood ee hal jihada
toosan ama toosan.
2.Nystagmus: dhaqdhaqaaq aan la xakameynin.
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Dareemaha Cranial
cn vii:Wejiga
Wejiga
(Qosol)Shaqada:muujinta, (labadaba)
dhadhamin
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
1. Weydii macmiilka inuu sameeyo tibaaxo kala duwan oo
1. Macmiilku si fudud ayuu u
waji ah (Dhoola cadeyn, weji, dhabannada bararka,
samayn karaa wajiyada kala
indhaha isku dhow, kor u qaadida
duwan
sunniyaha) 2. Macmiilku wuu awoodaa inuu aqoonsado
2. Weydii macmiilka inuu indhahooda xidho dhadhanka kala duwan.
oo uu carabka dheereeyo.
3. Dhig dhadhan kala duwan (macaan, dhanaan,
milix leh, qadhaadh) oo weydii macmiilka inuu
aqoonsado dhadhanka kala duwan.

1.Daciifnimada murqaha si ay u sameeyaan tibaaxaha wejiga
2. Asymmetry wejiga oo ay ku jiraan hoos u dhaca, hoos u dhaca ama fududaynta wejiga wejiga ee
caadiga ah.
3.Client ma awoodo in uu kala saaro dhadhanka kala duwan
cn viii:Vesti-bulocochlear (aad u) Shaqada:Dheelitiran

Maqalka/
(-yada)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
Maqalka
1. Weydiiso macmiilka inuu xidho hal dheg oo far
Maqalka
macmiilka inuu xidho labada indhood. 1.Client wuxuu awoodaa inuu wax ka maqlo labada dhegood.
2.Si xoog leh u salaaxo farahaaga, ama hal dheg ku 2. Tijaabada Weber-ka ee wanaagsan: macmiilku waxa uu awood u
dhaadhac oo waydii macmiilka inuu ku celiyo wixii la
leeyahay in uu ku maqlo labada dhegood
maqlay.(ku celi)
Tijaabada 3.Weber-ku waa imtixaan xagga lateralization ah Tijaabada Rinne ee 3.Positive: hawo hawo
4. Tijaabada Rinne waxa ay isbarbar dhig ku samaynaysaa hawo-
waxay ka weyn tahay marinka lafaha
mareenka lafaha.
Dheelitiran
Dheelitiran
1. Qiimee socodka macmiilka adiga oo u sheegaya inay 1.Sida toosan iyo socodka joogtada ah.
qolka oo dhan ku socdaan

1.Maqal la'aanta habdhaqanka: socodka lafaha waa la siman yahay ama ka weyn yahay hawo-
qaadista.
2. Maqal la'aanta dareemayaasha: gariirka ayaa laga maqlaa hawada in ka badan intii caadiga ahayd.
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Dareemaha Cranial
Glosso-
cn ix:pharyngeal (wanaagsan) Shaqada:Gag reflex
Wax liqidda (labadaba)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
1. Weydiiso macmiilka inuu liqo. 1.Client wuxuu awoodaa inuu wax liqo
2. Far macmiilka inuu hamaansado oo dhib la'aan
u fiirsado dhadhanka jilicsan. 2. Baraf jilicsan oo la arkay in uu si

siman u kaco
3. Weydii macmiilka inuu afka si weyn u
3.Uvula waxaa la arkaa inay dhexda ku
kala qaado, carrabka u soo bixiyo,
sii jirto
oo uu yidhaahdo "AHH".
4.Client elicited gag reflex
4.Jawaab gag ah.

1.Dysarthria-muruqa soo saara hadalka waa dhaawac
2.Dysphagia- liqi la'aanta
3.Uvula leexashada
cn x:Vagus
Dareenka, matoorka
(gaari)Shaqada: iyo madax-bannaani

shaqada ee
(labadaba)
dhuuban.
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
1. Weydiiso macmiilka inuu qufaco 1.Client wuxuu awoodaa inuu wax liqo
2. Weydiiso macmiilka inuu liqo oo dhib la'aan
hadlo
2.Client wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu si maqal ah u hadlo

1.Dysarthria-muruqa soo saara hadalka waa dhaawac
2.Dysphagia- liqi la'aanta
3.Xabeeb
515/601
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Dareemaha Cranial
Madaxa
cn xi:Agabka Shaqada:
dhaqdhaqaaqa,
(wax) Garabka (m)
garbaduub
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
1. Sternocleidomastoid: Far 1.Client waa inuu awood u leeyahay inuu
macmiilka inuu madaxiisa dhinac madaxa u rogo dhinac ilaa dhinac.
u rogo, kana soo horjeedo 2.Client wuxuu awoodaa inuu garbaha ruxo
caabbinta (gacmaha baaraha)

2. Trapezius: u sheeg macmiilka
in uu garbaha ka rujiyo iska
caabinta (gacmaha baaraha)

1.Asymmetry
2.Nabarrada durugsan waxay soo saaraan daciifnimada sternocleidomastoid
ipsilateral (SCM) iyo daciifnimada trapezius ipsilateral.
cn xii:
Xakamaynta
Hypoglossal (sidee)Shaqada:
carrabka
muruq. (m)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
1. Weydii macmiilka inuu afka 1.Client carabka waa khadka dhexe
2.Client waxa uu awoodaa in uu carrabka dhinac

kala qaado oo uu eego
ilaa dhinac u dhaqaaqo
carrabka
2. Weydii macmiilka inuu carrabka
ka soo baxo oo dhinac u
wareego

1.Carrabka oo ka leexda khadka dhexe
2. In uu carrabka ka soo bixi waayo
3. Carrabka oo ataroob iyo soo jiidasho
516 / 601
NERVE CRANIAL
habyaalada
517/601
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Dareemaha Cranial
Soo koobida Dareemaha Cranial
cn i: Shaqada:
cn ii: Shaqada:
cn iii: Shaqada:
cn iv: Shaqada:
cn v: Shaqada:
cn vi: Shaqada:
cn vii: Shaqada:
cn viii: Shaqada:
cn ix: Shaqada:
cn x: Shaqada:
cn xi: Shaqada:
cn xii: Shaqada:
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Dareemaha Cranial
cn i: (daar) Shaqada: (-yada)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
cn ii: (dhacdooyin)Shaqada: (-yada)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
519/601
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Dareemaha Cranial
cn iii: (Anaga)Shaqada: (m)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
cn iv: (kalsooni)Shaqada: (m)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
520/601
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Dareemaha Cranial
cn v: (gaari)Shaqada: (labadaba)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
cn vi: (falalka)Shaqada: (m)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
521/601
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Dareemaha Cranial
cn vii: (Qosol)Shaqada: (labadaba)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
cn viii: (aad u)Shaqada: (-yada)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
522/601
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Dareemaha Cranial
cn ix: (wanaagsan)Shaqada: (labadaba)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
cn x: (gaari)Shaqada: (labadaba)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
523/601
nursebossstore.com
Dareemaha Cranial
cn xi: (wax)Shaqada: (m)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
cn xii: (sidee)Shaqada: (m)
QIIMEYN: HESHIISKA:
524/601
nursebossstore.com
Qiimaynta Bukaanka
Qolka No. MD:
Magaca: Da'da: DOB:
ADM: Heerka Koodhka:
Xasaasiyadda: Cuntada:
HT: WT: BMI:
T: P: RR: BP: SPO2:
NEURO CARDIO
Heerka maskaxda, GCS, LOC, HR, garaaca wadnaha, BP, garaaca wadnaha, dhawaaqyada wadnaha,
PERRLA, Xoog muruqa (ROM) buuxinta xididka, maqaarka
tugor/midab/kulul/qoyaan
RESP GU
Heerka neefsiga/qoto-dheeraanta/qaabka, Soo saarista kaadida/midabka/ joogtaynta Kaadi-
Isticmaalka murqaha dheeriga ah, Dabool sanka, haysta kala-baxa, Habka wax-ka-qabashada
dhawaqa neefta hore iyo dambe, Spo2
GI Haragga
Mindhicirku wuxuu ku dhawaaqaa 4 afar qaybood,
Turgor maqaarka/midabka/kulka/qoyaanka/
Peristalsis, Cunto, tirada saxarada iyo muuqaalka nabarada/ burburka/nabarrada/dharka
XUSUUS
525 / 601
nursebossstore.com
Qiimaynta Bukaanka
Qolka No. MD:
Magaca: Da'da: DOB:
HT: WT: BMI:
T: P: RR: BP: SPO2:
NEURO CARDIO
Heerka maskaxda, GCS, LOC, HR, garaaca wadnaha, BP, garaaca wadnaha, dhawaaqyada wadnaha,
PERRLA, Xoog muruqa (ROM) buuxinta xididka, maqaarka
tugor/midab/kulul/qoyaan
RESP GU
Heerka neefsiga/qoto-dheeraanta/qaabka, Soo saarista kaadida/midabka/ joogtaynta Kaadi-
Isticmaalka murqaha dheeriga ah, Dabool sanka, haysta kala-baxa, Habka wax-ka-qabashada
dhawaqa neefta hore iyo dambe, Spo2
GI Haragga
Mindhicirku wuxuu ku dhawaaqaa 4 afar qaybood,
Turgor maqaarka/midabka/kulka/qoyaanka/
Peristalsis, Cunto, tirada saxarada iyo muuqaalka nabarada/ burburka/nabarrada/dharka
XUSUUS
526 / 601
Med Dx:nursebossstore.com
Qorshaha Daryeelka Kalkaalisada
Xogta Ujeeddada Xogta Ujeeddada
Ogaanshaha Kalkaaliyaha
Natiijooyinka la filayo
Waxqabadyada Kalkaalinta Sabab Qiimaynta
527/601
528/601
529/601
Xaashida Warbixinta Kalkaaliyaha Hx bukaanka:
Qolka No. MD:

Magaca: Da'da: DOB:
Cabashada ugu weyn:
HT: WT: BMI:
Karantiil: Hawsha: NPO:
Ogaanshaha Caafimaadka:
QIIMEYNTA
Neuro:
Waqtiga
Wadnaha:
TEMP
HR
RR
Nasasho:
BP
SPO2
XANUUN
GI/GU:
IV:
Dheecaannada IV:
Maqaarka: O2 Therapy:
Tube Fe eding:
LABS FOLEY:
TAARIIKHDA: BM-kii u dambeeyay:
WBC: Qorshaha Daaweynta:

RBC:
HGB:
HCT:
PLT:
PTT:
INR:
BUN:
Qorshaha Bixinta:
CR:
NA:
K:
MG:
BNP:
TROP:
SOO SAAR:
530 / 601
Dhammaan waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato…
THE
KALAALINTA
HABKA
Fiskvik Boahemaa Antwi, RN, MN.

Simon Akwasi Osei, RN, MN. 531/601
2
Xuquuqda daabacaadda © 2019 ee Fiskvik Boahemaa Antwi
Dhammaan xuquuqaha way xifdiyeen Buuggan ama qayb ka mid ah lagama

yaabo in dib loo daabaco ama looma isticmaali karo sinaba ha ahaato iyada
oo aan ogolaansho qoran laga helin daabacaha marka laga reebo
isticmaalka oraahyo kooban ee dib u eegista buugaagta.
532/601
3
Shaacinta Muhiimka ah
Fadlan maskaxda ku hay in daraasadaha kiisaska iyo qorshayaasha daryeelka ay yihiin tusaaleyaal iyo
ujeeddooyin waxbarasho oo keliya. Dhaqanka caddaynta ku salaysan awgeed, daawayntan qaarkood
ayaa laga yaabaa inay isbeddelaan muddo ka dib. Markaa, daawaynta bukaankaaga ha ku salayn
qorshahan daryeelka. Waxaa jira qorshooyin daryeel oo kala duwan iyo qaabab naqshadeyn fikradeed
oo ka dhex jira machadyada kalkaalinta ee kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa muhiim ah in la
ogaado in mabaadi'da ay sii ahaanayaan. Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee qorshaha daryeelka waa waxa ku
jira, maadaama ay u adeegto sida aasaaska bixinta daryeelka.
533/601
4
534/601
5
Dhammaan waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato…
Qabo qalinkaaga iyo warqadaada, sababtoo ah maanta waxaad baran doontaa aasaaska lagama
maarmaanka u ah daryeelka kalkaalinta… habka kalkaalinta. Shanta tilaabo ee habka kalkaalinta
waxaa ka mid ah:
A qiimeyn,D ogaanshaha,P dhuuqida,I fulinta, iyoE qiimaynta.
Qorshaha daryeelka kalkaalisada waa qalab loo isticmaalo habka kalkaalinta qaab
qoraal ah. La'aanteed qorshaha daryeelka kalkaalisada, tayada iyo sii wadida
daryeelka ayaa lumi lahaa.
Waxaa jira buugag badan, joornaalo, iyo agabyo bixiya dulmar dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan
habka kalkaalinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, buugan waxa uu ujeedadiisu tahay in la fududeeyo
fikradda habka kalkaalinta marka aad sidoo kale isticmaasho ilo kale.
Si aad u dhamaystirto hawlaha buugan, waxaad u baahan doontaa NANDA-I,

NIC, iyo liiska NOC. Buugan waxa kale oo ku jira tusaaleyaal, sharraxaad,
sawirro, iyo meelo aad jawaabahaaga ku qorto.
Qorshaynta Daryeelka Farxada leh!
535/601
6
Ardayda Kalkaalisada qaaliga ah,
Halkan waxaa ah xaalad fudud oo lagugu tilmaami doono markaad

dhamaystirto hawlaha cutubka.
Xaalad Kiiska
Mr. Harry Fernando waa nin 68 jir ah oo la dhigay qaybta qalliinka caafimaadka
waxaana laga helay xanuunka wadnaha Macmiilku waxa uu sheegay in uu
neefta ku dhegan yahay in ka badan saddex maalmood oo uu cagaha bararay.
"Ma awoodo inaan seexdo habeenkii sababtoo ah ma neefsan karo." Sida laga
soo xigtay xaaska Mr. Fernando, wuxuu ka cabanayaa daciifnimo jidhka ah iyo
awood la'aanta inuu qabto hawl maalmeedka.
Mr. Fernando waxa uu leeyahay taariikh dhiig kar, sonkorow, AF, hypercholesterolemia in
ka badan 20 sano. Waxa uu 10 sano ka hor qaliin lagaga sameeyay halbowlaha wadnaha.
Waa nin sigaar cabba oo lagu yaqaanay in ka badan 30 sano; si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma
cabbo khamriga mana isticmaalo daroogooyinka madadaalada. Mr. Fernando wuxuu
leeyahay taariikh qoys oo kansar, sonkorow iyo dhiig-kar, iyo cudurka halbowlaha
wadnaha.
Mr. Fernando wuxuu jecel yahay inuu cuno KFC iyo burger. Hadda waxa uu ka
walaacsan yahay xaaladdiisa caafimaad laakiin ma hubo waxa la sameeyo.
Calaamadaha muhiimka ah waxay muujiyeen: BP 97/52, garaaca wadnaha aan joogtada ahayn
80, SaO2 94%, Temp 36.9, RR 24 bpm. Dildilaaca lagu xusay sambabada saxda ah ee sambabada.
536/601
7
Shaxda Tusmada
CUTUBKA MAWDUUCA PAGE

LAMBARKA
1 HORDHAC 10
2 QIIMEYNTA 16
3 CIIDANKA 25
4 QORSHEYNTA 32
5 FULINTA 41
6 QIIMEYNTA 44
7 MAABKA RA'YIGA 47
8 FURAHA JAWAABTA 57
9 MUUQAALAHA Kiiska 66
10 TIXRAACYADA 72
537/601
8
Kalkaaliyeyaashu waxay bixiyaan raaxaysi, Naxariis, iyo

DARYEELKA LA'AAN SHARCIGA.
-- Val Saintsbury
538/601
9
NIDAAMKA KALALKA
UJEEDOOYINKA
Cutubkan, waxaad ku baran doontaa:
1. Qeexida habka kalkaalinta.
2. Tallaabooyinka habka kalkaalinta.
3. Muhiimada habka kalkaalinta.
4. Qorshaha daryeelka kalkaalinta.
XUSUUS
Qodobbada muhiimka ah ee cutubkan…
539/601
10
NIDAAMKA KALALKA
Waa maxay
Qeexid:
kalkaalisada
habka?
Hab habaysan, talo leh oo firfircoon oo bixinta
daryeelka bukaan-jiifka ah.
5ta Tallaabo ee is xig xiga

• Qiimaynta
• ogaanshaha
• Qorshaynta
• Hirgelinta QOSOL:
• Qiimaynta
ADPIE
Ahmiyada Habka Kalkaalinta
• Waxay u ogolaataa kalkaaliyayaasha inay aqoonsadaan baahida bukaanka.
• Waxay u ogolaataa kalkaaliyayaasha iyo bukaanada inay dejiyaan oo ay la xiriiraan yoolalka.
• Waxay ogolaataa aqoonsiga khataraha iman kara.

• Waxay bixisaa sii wadida daryeelka.
• Waxay bixisaa dukumeenti ku filan iyo isgaarsiin dhexmara
xirfadlayaasha kale ee caafimaadka.
Qiimaynta
ogaanshaha
Qiimaynta The
Kalkaalisada
Habka
Hirgelinta Qorshaynta
540/601
11
Qorshaha Daryeelka Afarta tiir
Ogaanshaha Kalkaaliyaha La filayo Faragelinta Qiimaynta

Natiijooyinka
Tiirkan, waxaad ku qori doontaa Tiirkan, waxaad ku Tiirkan, waxaad ku Tiirkan, waxaad ku
ogaanshaha kalkaalisada, oo ay sheegaysaa yoolkaaga sheegi doontaa sheegi lahayd
ku jiraan calaamad, etiology, iyo iyo natiijada la filayo tillaabooyinka ku dhici lahaa hadday tahay
sifooyin qeexan. in aad rabto in caawi bukaanka natiijada la filayo
bukaankaagu la kulmo. gaadha la filayo la kulmay iyo in kale.
natiijada. Tani (Haddii la filayo
waxaa ka mid ah kalkaalisada natiijadii waa la gaadhay:
madax banaan iyo cadeeymo keena.)

wada shaqayn
faragelin.
(Haddii la filayo
(Sample gaaban) natiijadu may ahayn
la kulmay: joogo
U dulqaadasho la'aanta dhaqdhaqaaqa Bukaanku wuu yeeli lahaa 1. Qiimee caddayn in
ee la xidhiidha dheelitir la'aanta u muujiyaan heerka bukaanka ayaa taageersan sheegashadan.
dhaxaysa sahayda ogsijiinta iyo baahida isticmaalka waxtarka leh kartida jireed. Sheeg sababta
sida caddaynta iyadoo afka laga tamarta- 2. Qiimee maxaa keenay natiijada
sheegayo daciifnimada guud iyo karti ilaalinta arrimaha sababa lama kulmin iyo
la'aanta fulinta hawlaha nolol farsamooyinka marka hawlqabad xuso
maalmeedka. waxqabad dulqaadasho. maxaad samayn lahayd
hawlaha maalinlaha ah 3. La soco marka xigta.)
nool 8 saacadood ka dib calaamadaha muhiimka ah ee bukaanka.
kalkaalisada 4. Ku dhiiri geli

faragelin. bukaanka si uu u guto
hawlaha at a
heerka gaabis ah.
5. Ku dhiiri geli
bukaanka inuu qaato
nasasho joogto ah
hawlaha u dhexeeya.
6. Tartiib tartiib ah
kordhinta bukaanka
hawlaha.
7. Hawsha kooxuhu
ay qabtaan
bukaanka.
8. Caawi
dulqaad leh
hawlaha maalinlaha ah
nool.
9. IWM.
541/601
12
Qorshaha Daryeelka Shanta Tiir: ee Ardayda
Ogaanshaha Kalkaaliyaha La filayo Faragelinta Sabab Qiimaynta

Natiijooyinka
Tiirkan, waxaad ku Tiirkan, waxaad ku Tiirkan, waxaad ku Tan Tiirkan, waxaad ku sheegi
qori lahayd sheegaysaa yoolkaaga sheegi doontaa tiirka, adiga doontaa iyo in kale
ogaanshaha kalkaalisada, iyo natiijada la filayo tillaabooyinka ku dhici lahaa lahaa natiijada la filayo
oo ay ku jiraan calaamad, in aad rabto in caawi bukaanka waxaa ka mid ah a la kulmay iyo in kale.
etiology, iyo qeexid bukaankaagu la kulmo. gaadhaan sabab u ah (Haddii la filayo
sifooyinka. natiijada la filayo. kasta natiijadii waa la gaadhay:
Tan waxaa ku jira kalkaalisada cadeeymo keena.)
kalkaalisada faragelin.
madax banaan iyo Tani
wada shaqayn waxaa ka mid ah a (Haddii la filayo
faragelin. xigasho natiijadii lama kulmin: Soo
(Sample gaaban) ka buug bandhig caddayn taas
ama joornaal. ayaa taageersan sheegashadan.
U dulqaadasho la'aanta dhaqdhaqaaqa

Bukaanku wuu yeeli lahaa 1. Qiimee Sheeg sababta
la xidhiidha a muujiyaan heerka bukaanka natiijadu u soo bixi
isu dheelitir la'aanta u dhaxaysa
isticmaalka waxtarka leh kartida jireed. wayday oo sheeg waxa
sahayda ogsijiinta iyo tamarta- 2. Qiimee aad samayn lahayd
dalbo daliil ahaan ilaalinta arrimaha sababa marka xigta.)
iyadoo afka laga sheego farsamooyinka marka hawlqabad
daciifnimo guud waxqabad dulqaadasho.
iyo karti la'aan hawlaha maalinlaha ah 3. La soco

qabtaan hawlaha nool 8 saacadood ka dib bukaanka muhiimka ah
nolol maalmeedka.
kalkaalisada calamadaha
faragelin. 4. Ku dhiiri geli

bukaanka si uu u guto
hawlaha at a
heerka gaabis ah.
5. Ku dhiiri geli
bukaanka inuu qaato
nasasho joogto ah
hawlaha u dhexeeya.
kordhinta bukaanka
hawlaha.
7. Hawsha kooxuhu
ay qabtaan
bukaanka.
8. Caawi
dulqaad leh
nool.
9. IWM.
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13
Qorshaha Daryeelka Lixda tiir: ee Ardayda

Qiimaynta Kalkaalisada La filayo Faragelinta Sabab Qiimaynta
ogaanshaha Natiijooyinka
Tiirkan, Tiirkan, Tiirkan, Tiirkan, Tan Tiirkan, waxaad ku sheegi

qor waad qori lahayd waad sheegi lahayd sheeg tillaabooyinka tiirka, doontaa iyo in kale
mawduuc iyo kalkaalisada hadafkaaga iyo taasi caawin lahayd waxaa ka mid ah a natiijada la filayo
xogta ujeedada. ogaanshaha cudurka, la filayo bukaanku gaaro sabab u ah la kulmay iyo in kale.
oo ay ka mid yihiin natiijada in aad la filayo kalkaaliye kasta (Haddii la filayo
calaamad, raba bukaankaaga natiijada. Tani faragelin. natiijadii waa la gaadhay:
etiology, iyo la kulmo. waxaa ka mid ah kalkaalisada Tan waxaa ku jira cadeeymo keena.)
qeexaya madax banaan iyo xigasho
sifooyinka wada shaqayn ka buug
. faragelin. ama joornaal. (Haddii la filayo
(Sample gaaban) natiijadii lama kulmin: Soo
bandhig caddayn taas
ayaa taageersan sheegashadan.
Sheeg sababta
Bukaanku wuu yeeli lahaa natiijadu u soo bixi
muujiyaan 1. Qiimee wayday oo sheeg waxa
Dhaqdhaqaaqa isticmaalka waxtarka leh heerka bukaanka aad samayn lahayd
dulqaadasho tamarta- kartida jireed. marka xigta.)
la xidhiidha a ilaalinta 2. Qiimee
dheelitir la'aanta farsamooyinka marka arrimood in
u dhexeeya waxqabad keeni hawl
sahayda ogsijiinta hawlaha maalinlaha ah dulqaadasho.
iyo dalbashada sida nool 8 ka dib 3. La soco
caddayn by saacadaha kalkaalinta bukaanka muhiimka ah
af ka qaadid faragelin. calamadaha
ee guud 4. Ku dhiiri geli

daciifnimo iyo u sabarto
awood la'aan qabtaan
qabtaan hawlaha at a
hawlaha heerka gaabis ah.
nolol maalmeedka. 5. Ku dhiiri geli

bukaanka inuu qaato
nasasho joogto ah
u dhexeeya
hawlaha.
kordhinta bukaanka
hawlaha.
7. Hawsha kooxuhu
ay qabtaan
bukaanka.
8. Caawi
dulqaad leh
nool.
9. IWM.
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14
HAWL 1.
1. Maxay yihiin arrimo saamayn kara hirgelinta habka kalkaalinta?
2. Isticmaalka hal-abuurkaaga, sawir oo calaamadee tillaabooyinka habka kalkaalinta.
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O
QIIMEYNTA
B UJEEDOOYINKA
J 1. Qeexida qiimaynta.
2. Qaybaha qiimaynta.
E
3. Noocyada qiimaynta.
4. Qaybaha qiimaynta caafimaadka oo dhamaystiran.
5. Farsamooyinka lagu ururiyo laguna abaabulo xogta.
C XUSUUS
T
I
V
E
S
545/601
16
A QIIMEYNTA
Qiimayntu waa wajiga koowaad ee habka kalkaalinta.
S Qeexid
Qiimayntu waa hab wada tashi iyo habaysan oo lagu ururiyo

macluumaadka/xogta si loo go'aamiyo baahida bukaanka.
S Qaybaha
o Xog ururin
E o Xaqiijinta xogta
o Ururka xogta
o Duubista xogta/dokumentiga
S 1.Uruurinta Xogta
Noocyada Xogta Xagee baan joogaa
ururiyo my
S Xogta Ujeeddada:(Muxuu bukaanku leeyahay!) xogta bukaanka?
o Aragtida macmiilka ee dhibaatooyinka caafimaadka.
o Waxa uu bukaanku kuu sheego.
M o Dareenka, shucuurta, dareenka, iwm.
WALWAL Dawakh
E
XANUUN
Xogta Ujeedada:(Maxaad u fiirsatay!)
N oLa arki karo oo la qiyaasi karo.
T CALAAMADAHA MUHIIMKA AH QIIMAHA LABAAD CIIDANKA

IMTIXAANKA
XOGTA MAWDUUCA VS XOGTA UJEEDADA
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A Ilaha Xogta
oIsha aasaasiga ah: Ka bukaanka.
o Isha Labaad:
S o Qoyska
o Xirfadlayaasha daryeelka caafimaadka
o Diiwaanada caafimaadka
o Cilmi baaris
S
Habka Xog-ururinta
o Wareysi
E o Baaritaanka jirka
o U fiirsashada
o Baaritaanka Shaybaarka
o Dib u eegista Diiwaanka Caafimaadka
S
Farsamada Wareysiga
S Wadahadal habaysan oo habaysan si loo helo macluumaadka ku saabsan

dhibaatooyinka caafimaad ee hadda jira iyo baahiyaha bukaanka ama qaraabada
bukaanka.
M Marxalada
Wajiga hanuuninta
o Hordhac iyo sharraxaad ujeeddada wareysiga waa la sameeyay.

E Kalkaalisadu waxay dejisaa jawi raaxo leh waxayna dhistaa xidhiidh.
Wajiga shaqada
N o Wareysi si loo helo xaaladda caafimaad ee bukaanka. Kalkaalisadu waxay

isticmaashaa farsamooyin isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan.
Marxaladda Joojinta
T o Xogta la helay waa la soo koobay. Bukaanka ama kalkaalisada ayaa ku
weydiinaya su'aalo. Waraysigu wuxuu ku dhamaaday si saaxiibtinimo.
547/601
18
A Qodobbada Wareysiga Waxtarka leh
o Nadiifi yoolalka la dajiyay
o Dhaqan ahaan xasaasi
S o
o
Isbarasho
Dooro istaraatijiyad isgaarsiineed oo wax ku ool
o ah Isgaarsiin af iyo mid aan hadal ahayn Ilaali
o Xidhiidhka
S o
o
Qarsoodi
Xiritaanka
Noocyada Farsamada Su'aalaha Wareysiga
E Su'aalo furan
o Waxay u ogolaataa bukaanka inuu sharaxo oo sharaxo xaalad la bixiyay.

o Tusaale: Sideed dareemeysaa maanta?
S Su'aalo xidhidh
o Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa bukaanka inuu si toos ah uga jawaabo su'aasha.

o Tusaale: Ma ku xanuunaysaa?
S 2. Xaqiijinta XOGTA
o Tan waxa loo sameeyaa si loo hubiyo in xogtu ay sax
M o tahay laba jeer hubinta xogta/macluumaadka

o Xaqiijinta xogta waxay ku lug leedahay isbarbardhigga xogta ilaha kale.
3. URURKA XOGTA
E o Abaabulka xogta waxay u ogolaataa kalkaalisada inay isku ururiso oo ay habayso

xogta la helay si macquul ah oo habaysan si ay u caawiso samaynta ogaanshaha
kalkaalisada.
N 4. duubista xogta
o Dukumeenti xogta
o Haddii aan la qorin, lama samayn.
T
Noocyada Qiimaynta
o Qiimaynta Diiradaysanaysa
o ee Dhamaystiran
o Qiimaynta socota
o Qiimaynta Degdegga ah
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A QIIMEYNTA CAAFIMADKA OO DHAMEYSTIRAN
Qiimaynta caafimaadka bukaanka oo dhamaystiran waxa ka mid ah:
o taariikhda bukaanka
S o qiimaynta jireed
o baadhista ogaanshaha iyo natiijooyinka shaybaadhka
o ee dib u eegista xog kasta oo caafimaad.
S Taariikhda Caafimaad ee hore
Tan waxaa ku jira labadaba daawooyinkii hore iyo hababka qalliinka.
Su'aalo la iswaydiiyo? (Lasoco Goorta/Sababta)

E 1. Weligaa ma qaliin lagugu sameeyay?
2. Waligaa cisbitaal ma la dhigay?
3. Ma qabtey cudur caruurnimo?
S 4. Hadda ma haysaa wax jirro/dhibaato ah?
5. Maxay yihiin daawooyinkaaga hadda?
Taariikhda Qoyska
S
o Xanuunka qoyska. Xanuunada

M o hidda-socodka ee qoyska.
N
Dheddig
Awoowe, 91 jir, Ayeeyo,
DM, Faalig 93, HF
Lab Aabe, 63,

Hooyo, 61 jir,
si fiican
dhiigkarka
T
Dumar Geeriyootay Walaasha, 40 jir,
Bukaanka, 32, DM,
si fiican
HTN
Marxuum Lab
549/601
20
A Hawlaha nolol maalmeedka
Aqoonso kartida bukaanku u leeyahay in uu qabto hawlaha nolol maalmeedka.
S Tan waxaa ka mid ah:
1. Cunto, xasaasiyad cunto, cuntooyin gaar ah

2. Caadooyinka hurdada
S 3. Jimicsi samee
4. Inta jeer ee baabi'inta kaadida iyo mindhicirka
5. Isticmaalka tubaakada, xashiishka, khamriga, iwm.
6. Dhaqanka diinta
E 7. Dhaqanka galmada.
S Arrimaha Dhaqaale-bulsheed
S 1. Ilaha dhaqaale.
2. Qorshaha caymiska.
3. Gargaarka dhaqaale
M Arrimaha Ruuxa iyo Dhaqanka
E Tan waxaa ka mid ah:
1. Baahida ruuxiga ah
2. Dhaqanka diinta
N 3. Caqiidada dhaqanka
T Xusuusnow:
Inta lagu jiro xukun la'aan ha ahaato

qiimaynta bukaankaaga
rumaysadkiisa ruuxeed.
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A Qiimaynta Jirka
Afar farsamood oo asaasi ah oo baaritaanka jirka ah
o Kormeer: Isticmaal 5ta Dareemahaaga.

S o Palpation: DAREEN
o Garaacista: SOO SAARI DHAQAN
o DHAGEYSO: DHAGEYSO
S Xogta Baaritaanka ogaanshaha
o Fahmo habka aad ku heli karto natiijooyinka baaritaanka
E o
ogaanshaha bukaanka.
Faham qiimaha caadiga ah iyo kuwa aan caadiga ahayn.
S QIIMEYNTA HORUMARINTA IYO HORUMARINTA
Marka loo eego Erikson, waxaa jira sideed marxaladood oo horumarka cilmi nafsiga
ah. Kalkaaliyeyaashu waxay u baahan yihiin inay qiimeeyaan heerka uu bukaanku
S hoos yimaado, si ay si fiican u fahmaan in hawshii korriinka la buuxiyey iyo haddii

bukaanku aanu xallin karin khilaaf la filayo marxaladda gaarka ah.
M
Kalsooni vs Kalsooni darroMarxaladda 1: Laga bilaabo dhalashada ilaa da'da 1
E Madax-bannaani vs. Ceeb iyo

Marxaladda 2: Da'da 1-3
Shaki
Initiative vs dambi
N Warshadaha vs Inferiority
Aqoonsiga vs. Jahwareerka doorka
T
Xidhiidhka vs. Go'doominta

Wax-soo-saarka vs. Is-nuugista

Daacadnimo vs. quus

Marxaladda 8: 65 iyo wixii ka sareeya
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A HAWL 2.
Muuqaal
C Mr. Harry Fernando waa nin 68 jir ah oo la dhigay qaybta qalliinka caafimaadka
waxaana laga helay xanuunka wadnaha Macmiilku waxa uu sheegay in uu neefta
ku dhegan yahay in ka badan saddex maalmood oo uu cagaha bararay. "Ma
awoodo inaan seexdo habeenkii sababtoo ah ma neefsan karo." Sida laga soo
T xigtay xaaska Mr. Fernando, wuxuu ka cabanayaa daciifnimo jidhka ah iyo awood
la'aanta inuu qabto hawl maalmeedka.
Mr. Fernando waxa uu leeyahay taariikh dhiig kar, sonkorow, AF, hypercholesterolemia in ka
badan 20 sano. Waxa uu 10 sano ka hor qaliin lagaga sameeyay halbowlaha wadnaha. Waa nin
I sigaar cabba oo lagu yaqaanay in ka badan 30 sano; si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma cabbo

khamriga mana isticmaalo daroogooyinka madadaalada. Mr. Fernando wuxuu leeyahay
taariikh qoys oo kansar, sonkorow iyo dhiig-kar iyo cudur halbowleyaasha wadnaha ah.
V Mr. Fernando wuxuu jecel yahay inuu cuno KFC iyo burger. Hadda waxa uu ka walaacsan
yahay xaaladdiisa caafimaad laakiin ma hubo waxa la sameeyo.
Calaamadaha muhiimka ah waxay muujiyeen: BP 97/52, garaaca wadnaha aan joogtada ahayn 80, SaO2
I
94%, Temp 36.9, RR 24 bpm. Dildilaaca lagu xusay sambabada saxda ah ee sambabada.
T XOGTA MAWDUUCA XOGTA UJEEDADA
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2. Xigasho odhaah muujinaysa in xogta laga soo ururiyay meel

sare.
3. Kalkaaliye ahaan, maxay macluumaadka kale ee aad ka heli lahayd Mr.

Fernando?
4. Waa maxay heerka korriinka ee Mr. Fernando ka tirsan yahay? Maxaa ka

mid ah hawlaha horumarineed ee laga filayo isaga?
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CIIDANKA
UJEEDOOYINKA
Cutubkan waxaad ku baran doontaa:
1. Qaybaha ogaanshaha kalkaalisada.
2. Noocyada ogaanshaha kalkaalisada.
3. Baadhitaanka kalkaalisada waxa ay samayso iyo ma samaynayso.
4. Kala soocida ogaanshaha caafimaadka iyo kalkaalisada.
5. Kala hormarinta ogaanshaha kalkaalisada.
Xusuusin
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D BAARITAANKA KALKAALINTA
Cilad-sheegashada kalkaalisada waa tillaabada labaad ee habka kalkaalinta
I
kadib qiimaynta iyo ururinta xogta la ururiyey.
caddaynta ogaanshaha
NANDA (North America Nursing Diagnosis Association) waxay qeexdaa

ogaanshaha kalkaalisada sida
A go'aaminta bukaan-socod ee shakhsi, qoys, ama jawaab-celin bulsho oo ku

aaddan khatarta dhabta ah ama khatarta caafimaadka, taas oo siinaysa aasaaska
waxqabadyo qeexan oo ku wajahan xaqiijinta natiijada.
G Tallaabooyinka samaynta ogaanshaha kalkaalisada
1. Ka soo ururi xogta dhabta ah iyo ujeedada labadaba

qiimeyntaada.
N 2. Isku dhafka xogta la xiriirta dhibaatada.
3. Samee liis dhibaatooyin ah.
4. Kala hormari liiska dhibaatooyinka.
O 5. Samee ogaanshaha kalkaalisada dhibaato kasta.
Qaybaha ogaanshaha kalkaalisada

Tusaale: Wax soo saarka wadnaha oo yaraada ee la xidhiidha hoos u dhaca wadne
S
xanuunka si uu u daboolo baahida dheef-shiid kiimikaad ee jirka sida caddaynta garaaca
wadnaha 119, Bp-98/62, qabow iyo maqaarka maqaarka, qayb ka mid ah 30%.
I
Waxaa jira saddex qaybood oo ka mid ah ogaanshaha kalkaalisada. 1.
Calaamadda: Wax soo saarka wadnaha oo hoos u dhacay
Tani waxay ka qoran tahay NANDA-I erey-bixinnada. Tani waa

dhibka bukaanka.
2.etiology: hoos u dhac ku yimaada wadne xanuunka si loo daboolo baahida dheef-shiid
S kiimikaad ee jirka
Hadalkan waxa ka horreeya weedha ah “la xidhiidha " Kuwani waa
arrimaha la xidhiidha ee keena oo ka qayb qaata dhibaatada bukaanka.
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D 3. Tilmaamaha qeexaya:garaaca garaaca 119, Bp- 98/62, harag

qabow iyo qabow, jajab ka saarista 35%.
Tani waa liiska calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha taageera ogaanshaha.

Hadalkan waxaa ka horreeya weedha ah "sida caddaynta."
I
Xusuusnow:
A
Ogaanshaha khatarta suurtagalka ah oo keliya
wuxuu leeyahay calaamad iyo etiology. (Waxay leedahay
wali ma dhicin.)
Noocyada Baarista Kalkaalisada
G
Ogaanshaha Dhabta ah: Isweydaarsiga gaaska daciifka ah
N Ogaanshaha Khatarta suurtagalka ah:Khatarta caabuqa
Cilad-sheegid: Xanuunka xanuunka daba dheeraada
Ogaanshaha Fayoqabka: U diyaargarowga kor u qaadista la qabsiga qoyska
O
Ogaanshaha Dhabta ah (HOR HORAY AYAY U DHACDAY.)
S Cilad-sheegid dhab ah ayaa qeexaysa dhibaato jirta.
Tusaale ahaan, bukaanka qaba neefta oo ku dheggan oo caafimaad ahaan laga

helay neefta waxa laga yaabaa in lagu ogaado kalkaalisada habka neefsashada oo
I aan waxtar lahayn.
Ogaanshaha Khatarta suurtagalka ah (MIGHT OCCUR)
Tani waa dhibaato uu bukaanku halis ugu jiro inuu kordho. Hadafku waa in laga
S hortago in dhibaatadu ay dhacdo iyada oo la adeegsanayo qorshayn sax ah iyo

hirgelinta faragelinta.
Tusaale ahaan, bukaanka sariirta jiifa wuxuu halis ugu jiraa inuu ku dhaco boogaha cadaadiska.
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D Cilad-sheegid
Tani waa koox dhibaatooyin halis ah.
Tusaale: Post trauma syndrome, xanuunka daba-dheeraada, iwm.
I Ogaanshaha Fayoqabka
Jawaabta bukaanka ee heerka fayoobaanta. Tan waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa
bukaanada caafimaadka qaba laakiin raba inay ilaaliyaan ama hagaajiyaan heerka
fayoobida.
A Tusaale: Bukaanka raba inuu kor u qaado aqoonta ku saabsan cunto dheeli tiran wuxuu
yeelan doonaa ogaanshaha kalkaalisada ee diyaar u ah inuu kor u qaado aqoonta.
G Ogaanshaha Kalkaaliyaha waa DO'S iyo ha samayn
DO' MA AHA
N o Qor ogaanshaha kalkaalisada in
kalkaaliyayaashu ay shati u haystaan

o Ha u qorin ogaanshaha caafimaadka
calaamad ahaan.
inay daaweeyaan. Tusaale,Wadna xanuunka oo la xidhiidha
Tusaale,Wax soo saarka hoos u dhaca wadnaha
O wadnaha oo hoos u dhacay

wadnaha oo yaraada
qandho si loo daboolo baahiyaha
dheef-shiid kiimikaadka jirka sida
qandho la'aan si loo daboolo caddaynta garaaca garaaca 119,
baahida dheef-shiid kiimikaad ee Bp-98/62, haragga qabow iyo
S jirka sida caddaynta garaaca

garaaca 119, Bp-98/62, haragga
qabow, jajab ka saarista 30%."
qabow iyo qabow, jajab ka saarista

30%." U ogolow ogaanshaha
I
o kalkaalisadu inuu noqdo mid o Ha u ogolaanin ogaanshaha kalkaalisada
caddayn ku salaysan iyo inuu noqdo mid aan caddayn.
cad.
Tusaale xanuun daran oo la xidhiidha
Tusaale ahaan, Xanuun daran oo
awood la'aanta ogsijiinta
S
la xidhiidha hoos u dhigista
galaan myocardium oo
ogsijiinta ee myocardium sida
sababa hoos u dhac
caddayn bukaan
ogsijiinta sida caddaynta
afka laga sheego xanuunka
bukaanka oo ka cabanaya
laabta ee (0-10)8.
xabad xanuun.
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D Ku dar calaamadda, etiology, iyo calaamadaha Ha ka tegin dhinac kasta oo ka mid ah

iyo calaamadaha dhammaan ogaanshaha ogaanshaha dhabta ah ee kalkaalisada.
dhabta ah ee kalkaalisada.
Tusaale ahaan, xanuun daran oo la
I Tusaale,Xanuun daran oo la
xidhiidha hoos u dhigista ogsijiinta
xidhiidha hoos u dhigista ogsijiinta ee
myocardium.
ee myocardium sida caddaynta
hadalka bukaanka ee xanuunka
A laabta ee (0-10) 8.
G Qaladaadka kale ee Caadiga ah
o Ha qorin ogaanshaha baaritaanka ogaanshaha ama qorshaha daaweynta
N Tusaale, Sawir sawireedka sambabada oo la xisaabiyay
o Ha ku celcelin cudurka
Tusaale ahaan, nadiifinta marin-haweedka oo aan waxtar lahayn oo la xidhiidha awood la'aanta
O in la nadiifiyo marin-haweedka sida caddaynta qufaca.
S Ogaanshaha Kalkaaliyaha VS Baadhista Caafimaadka
Ogaanshaha Caafimaadka: Cudurka diiradda saaray.
I . g., Dhiigbaxa xuubka
Ogaanshaha Kalkaaliyaha: Jawaabta bukaan-socodka ee cudurka (bukaan-ku-fiirsashada).
Tusaale ahaan, qaabka neefsashada ee aan waxtarka lahayn ee la xidhiidha hoos u dhaca
S balaadhinta sanbabada ilaa ururinta dareeraha ee booska pleura sida caddaynta dyspnea,
sanka oo dillaaca, raajo laabta, iyo isticmaalka murqaha dheeraadka ah.
Ogsoonow in ogaanshaha kalkaalisada uu yahay jawaabta bukaan-socodka ee ku dhaca

xuubka xuubka.
Baaritaanka kalkaalisada ayaa sidoo kale wax ka qabta dhinacyada maskaxda, jirka, bulshada, iyo
bulshada ee caafimaadka, waxbarashada bukaanka, raaxada.
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D Su'aalo aad Is Waydiiso.
Is weydii su'aalaha soo socda:
I o Calaamadda, iyo qeexida NANDA-I miyay u dhigmaan dhibaatada hadda

jirta ee bukaanka?
o Eetiology ma taageertaa calaamadda?
o Sifooyinka qeexaya miyay taageeraan calaamadda iyo etiology?
A Kala hormarinta Kalkaalisada ogaanshaha
Xusuusnow in daryeelka kalkaalintu uu yahay mid joogto ah. Ma heli doontid wakhti aad wax
G
kaga qabato dhammaan dhibaatada bukaanka. Waa muhiim in marka hore wax laga qabto
ogaanshaha ugu-mudnaanta badan.
Ogaanshaha kalkaalisada mudnaanta sare leh: Ku lug leh baahiyaha jireed ee degdegga
ah iyo degdegga ah.
N Ogaanshaha mudnaanta dhexe ee dhexdhexaadka ah: Waxay ku lug leedahay xaalad degdeg ah ama khatar suurtagal ah.
Ogaanshaha kalkaalisada mudnaanta-hooseeysa: Ku lug leh qorshe mustaqbalka fog ah.
O Is-
Xaqiijinta
Isku-kalsoonaanta
S Jacaylka iyo Lahaanshaha
Badbaadada iyo Amniga

I
Baahida Jireed
S Mudnaanta: Isticmaalka Sarraynta Maslow ee
Baahiyaha
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A Muuqaal
HAWL 3
C
xigtay xaaska Mr. Fernando, wuxuu ka cabanayaa daciifnimo jidhka ah iyo awood
T Mr. Fernando waxa uu leeyahay taariikh dhiig kar, sonkorow, AF, hypercholesterolemia in ka
sigaar cabba oo lagu yaqaanay in ka badan 30 sano; si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma cabbo khamriga
I
mana isticmaalo daroogooyinka madadaalada. Mr. Fernando wuxuu leeyahay taariikh qoys oo
kansar, sonkorow iyo dhiig-kar, iyo cudurka halbowlaha wadnaha.
Mr. Fernando wuxuu jecel yahay inuu cuno KFC iyo burger. Hadda waxa uu ka walaacsan
V yahay xaaladdiisa caafimaad laakiin ma hubo waxa la sameeyo.
I Samee 4 ogaanshaha kalkaalisada (Saddex xaqiiqo ah iyo hal cudur oo suurtagal ah)
1.
T
2.
Y
3.
4.
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O
QORSHEYNTA
B
UJEEDOOYINKA
J 1. Aqoonsiga natiijooyinka la filayo.
2. Sida loo sameeyo natiijooyinka bukaanka.
E
3. Sida loo isticmaalo NOC.
4. Sida loo horumariyo waxqabadyada kalkaalisada.
5. Sida loo isticmaalo NIC.
C XUSUUS
S
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P QORSHEYNTA
L Aqoonsiga Natiijooyinka La Filayo

Hadafka daryeelka kalkaalisada si loo caawiyo bukaanku inuu gaaro heerkooda shaqo ee ugu
sarreeya. Haddii bukaanku aanu si buuxda u soo kaban karin, hadafka daryeelka kalkaalisada
waa in laga caawiyo bukaanka inuu ku raaxaysto oo uu la qabsado xaaladda caafimaad ee hoos
u dhacday. Sidaa darteed, waa lagama maarmaan in la sameeyo natiijada la filayo ee daryeelka
A kalkaalinta. Waxaa muhiim ah in la xasuusto in natiijooyinka la filayo ay ku wajahan yihiin

waxqabadka bukaanka ee aysan ahayn faragelinta kalkaalisada ama falalka.
N Bayaan Natiijo Ah
Qoraalka natiijada waxaa ka mid ah:
o Dabeecadaha gaarka ah ee tilmaamaya bukaanka ayaa gaaray hadafkii.

o Halbeeg lagu cabbiro hab-dhaqanka la gaarey.
N
o Xaaladda ay tahay in habdhaqanku dhaco. Waqti
o gaar ah.
Qodobbada Bayaanka Natiijada
I
B M C T
N Dhaqanka Cabbir Xaalad Waqtiga Joogtada
A la doonayo Cabbirka Xaalada gudaha Waqti gaar ah

dhaqanka in habdhaqanka. (Sidee dhaqankee jir kaas oo
G waa la arki karaa. badan, sidee

dheer, iwm.)
waa in ay qaataan
meel.
dhaqanka
waa inay dhacaan
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P Yoolalka muddada-dheer iyo muddada-gaaban
Hadafyada fog: Waxay qaadataa toddobaadyo ama bilo in la gaaro.
Hadafyada gaaban: Waxay qaadataa wakhti yar.
Qoritaanka Bayaanada Natiijada
L o Ku bilow ficilo gaar ah oo ficil ah sida gambaleelka, wax qabad,

sheeg, hadal, ka qaybqaado, muujin, iwm.
o Hubi in bayaanku uu gaar yahay Ka fogow
o isticmaalka ereyada aan loo baahnayn Kaliya
o isticmaal soo gaabinta la aqbalay
A o Ku dar bukaanka ka qayb qaadashada dejinta yoolka.
Kala soocida Natiijada Kalkaaliyaha (NOC)
NOC waa kala soocida natiijada bukaan socodka oo ka caawisa kalkaaliyayaasha inay
N sameeyaan waxqabadyo waxtar leh.
Ujeedada NOC
o Hubi cabirka joogtada ah ee natiijada bukaanka. Xaqiiji waxtarka

o daryeelka kalkaalinta si kor loogu qaado tayada. Caawinta is dhexgalka
N o xogta caafimaadka elegtarooniga ah ee qorshaynta daryeelka

kalkaalisada.
NOC waxay leedahay miisaan Likert kaas oo u oggolaanaya kalkaaliyayaasha inay qiimeeyaan xaaladda
bukaanka si wax ku ool ah.
I
Tusaalaha Miisaanka NOC:
1 (Aad u tanaasulay) ku 5 (Lama Dhaadhicin)
1 (Weligay lama soo bandhigin) ku 5 (Si joogta ah loo soo bandhigay)
1 (Ma jirto) ku 5(Balaadhan)
N Tusaale:
Nafaqo aan dheeli tirnayn: In ka yar shuruudaha jidhka ee la xidhiidha hoos u dhaca
qaadashada afka ee labaad ilaa faragelinta qaliinka sida caddaynta hoos u dhaca
G degdega ah ee BMI ee 22.5-17.5.
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P
NOC:
Xaaladda Nafaqada: Qaadashada Cuntada iyo Dheecaannada (1008)
o (100801) Cunto afka laga qaato heer 4 ah 5 maalmood gudahood. (100803)

o Qaadashada dareeraha afka ee heerka 4 5 maalmood gudahood.
L Faragelinta Kalkaaliyaha
Faragelinta kalkaalisada waa inay noqotaa mid waaqici ah, la cabbiri karo, oo la gaari karo.
Noocyada Faragelinta
A Faragelin Madaxbanaan: Faragelin madax-banaani waxay ku dhex jirtaa xadka

dhaqanka kalkaalinta. Tusaale ahaan:
o Barashada bukaanka.
o Is-daryeelka iyo fulinta hawlaha nolol maalmeedka.
N Faragelin iskaashi
Faragelinta iskaashiga ah waxaa ka mid ah la tashi lala yeesho xubin kale oo

daryeel caafimaad. Tusaale ahaan:
o Maamulka daawaynta Maamulka
N
o dareeraha xididada xididka baadhista
o ogaanshaha
Sida Loo Qoro Waxqabadyada Kalkaalinta
Waxqabadyada kalkaalisada waa in lagu saleeyaa ogaanshaha kalkaalisada gaarka
I
ah iyo natiijada la filayo. Ujeedada waxqabadyada kalkaalisada waa in la
dhammaystiro si loo gaaro yoolka.
Waxqabadyada kalkaalisada waa inay:
o Noqo Ficil (ku bilow fal)
N
La soco heerkulka bukaanka Qiimee heerka neefsiga,
qoto dheer, qaabka. Samee jimicsi dhaqdhaqaaq oo
kala duwan oo dadban. Noqo mid cilmiyaysan oo
o caddayn ku salaysan.
o Ku dar fikradda buugaagta kalkaalinta, joornaalada, iyo qorshayaasha
o daryeelka. Hayso agab la heli karo
G o Ku dar rabitaanka bukaanka iyo oggolaanshaha.

o Hayso karti aad ku qabato faragelinta
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P Kala-soocidda Faragelinta Kalkaaliyaha (NIC)
NIC waa dhexgalka kalkaalisada oo la caddeeyey. NIC waxaa ku jira

554 faragelin waxaana loo qaybiyay 30 fasal iyo 7 kooxood oo domain
ah.
L
Tusaalaha Isticmaalka NIC iyo NOC
Halkan waxaa ah muunad gaaban oo ku saabsan sida loo isticmaalo NIC iyo NOC
Nafaqo aan dheeli tirnayn: In ka yar shuruudaha jidhka ee la xidhiidha hoos u dhaca qaadashada
A afka ee labaad ilaa faragelinta qaliinka sida caddaynta hoos u dhaca degdega ah ee BMI laga
bilaabo 22.5-17.5 gudaha 30 maalmood.
NOC LABEL
o 100801 Cunto afka laga qaato oo ah heerka 4 (oo aad ugu filan)
N
waa 5 maalmood.
o 100803 Qaadashada dareeraha afka ee heerka 4 (ku filan) 5 maalmood

gudahood.
NIC LABEL
N
Maareynta Nafaqada
o La-talinta Nafaqada ee
Korjoogteynta Nafaqada
Talooyin qorista faragelinta kalkaalisada.
I o Hubi in waxqabadyada kalkaalisada ay fudud yihiin in la fahmo. Si

o cad, u sheeg falka falka.
o Mudnaanta sii ammaanka bukaanka.
o Waxqabadyadu waa inay ahaadaan kuwo iskaashi ka dhexeeya kalkaalisada iyo
N
bukaanka.
o Raac siyaasadda hay'adaha. Hubi in dhammaan
o agabyada la heli karo. Marka hore xooga saar falalka
o kalkaalinta madaxa banaan.
G
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A Muuqaal
HAWL 4
C
T Mr. Fernando waxa uu leeyahay taariikh dhiig kar, sonkorow, AF, hypercholesterolemia in ka
I
mana isticmaalo daroogooyinka madadaalada. Mr. Fernando wuxuu leeyahay taariikh qoys oo
V yahay xaaladdiisa caafimaad laakiin ma hubo waxa la sameeyo.
I 1. Abuur natiijooyinka la filayo iyo faragelinta kalkaalinta.
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O FULINTA
B UJEEDOOYINKA
J
1. Hirgelinta qorshaha daryeelka
2. Dukumeenti.
E Xusuusin
C
T
I
V
E
S
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I FULINTA
Hirgelintu waa tillaabada afraad ee habka kalkaalinta. Marxaladani waxay ku
M lug leedahay gelinta qorshaha daryeelka ficilka si loo gaaro natiijada la rabay.
Waxaa ka mid ah:
P
o Fulinta faragelinta qorsheysan.
o Isticmaalka fikirka muhiimka ah si loo kala hormariyo
o baahiyaha. Qiimaynta iyo dib u qiimaynta bukaanka.
L o Isgaarsiinta, dukumentiyada iyo gudbinta.
Dukumeenti
E Dukumeentiyadu waxay ku xidhan yihiin siyaasadda xarunta. Siyaasadda

xarunta ayaa tilmaamaysa qaabka diiwaan gelinta faragelinta.
M
Qaabka Documentation
Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo ah qaabab dukumeenti kalkaalinnimo oo loo isticmaali
E
karo goobta caafimaadka. Tan waxaa ka mid ah:
Nadaamka PIE: Dhibka- dhex-galka-qiimaynta.
N
Tusaale
P- Habka Neefsashada oo aan waxtar lahayn

I- Qiimaynta bukaan-socodka ayaa shaaca ka qaaday isticmaalka murqaha
T dheeriga ah, RR ee 25, SPO2oo ah 95%. Bukaanka waxaa la saarayaa SPO joogto
ah2iyo la socodka RR 15kii daqiiqaba. Bukaan-socodka waxaa la dhigayaa
booska semifowlers iyo daawaynta ogsijiinta 4L/min sida loo qoray oo socota.
A E- 1 saac ka dib faragelinta kalkaalinta, bukaanku wuxuu helay koror SP0 ah2
-98% iyo RR ee 18.
T
Qaabka SOAP: Ujeeddo, Ujeeddo, Qorshaynta Qiimaynta.
Tusaale
I S- Bukaanku wuxuu ka hadlaa cidhiidhiga laabta

O- Isticmaalka murqaha dheeriga ah, RR-25, SPO295% A-
Habka Neefsashada oo aan waxtar lahayn
O P- Qiimee oo la soco heerka neefsiga, qoto dheer, iyo qaabka. Maamul 02

daawaynta 4L/daqiiqo Meesha pt. meel-fowlersposition ah.
N
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I
Qaabka SBAR: Xaaladda, asalka, Qiimaynta, Talo soo jeedin
Dukumeentiga noocaan ah waxaa dhexmara bixiyeyaasha daryeelka caafimaadka.
M Xaalada: Si kooban u sharaxaya xaalada.
Asalkii hore: Bixi taariikh ku habboon oo la xidhiidha bukaanka
P
dhibaato degdeg ah.
Qiimaynta: Qiimee dhibaatada bukaanka.
L
Talo soo jeedin: Maxaa la codsaday in la sameeyo.
E
HAWL 5
Su'aasha 1.
M U samee qaab dukumeenti SOAP mid kasta oo ka mid ah ogaanshahaaga

kalkaalisada.
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
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O
QIIMEYNTA
B UJEEDOOYINKA
J
1. Muhiimada qiimayntu.
2. Habka qiimaynta.
E Xusuusin
C
T
I
V
E
S
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E QIIMEYNTA
Qiimayntu waa marxaladda shanaad ee habka kalkaalinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa lagama
maarmaan ah in la xasuusto in, inkastoo ay tahay marxaladda shanaad, ay tahay geedi socod
V socda oo ah afarta marxaladood ee hore. Waxa ka mid ah:
o Dib u qiimeynta bukaanka

o Horumarka bukaanka marka loo eego natiijada la filayo ee la
A
aasaasay.
o Diiwaangelinta bayaannada qiimaynta.
Ujeedada qiimaynta
L
o Go'aanso dhibaatada
o Qiimee jawaabta bukaanka ee faragelinta
o Hagaajinta tayada daryeelka
o Go'aanso in daryeelku waafaqsan yahay heerarka caddaynta ku salaysan
U Dib u qiimayn
Dib-u-qiimaynta waxay u oggolaanaysaa kalkaalisada inay aqoonsato haddii xaaladda

bukaanku soo raynayso iyo in wax-ka-qabashadu ay waxtar leeyihiin. Hubi:
A
Qiimaynta: Calaamadaha muhiimka ah ayaa isbeddela, isbeddel ku yimaada heerka xanuunka.
Cilad-sheegid kalkaalisada: khusaynta ogaanshaha, sifooyinka cusub ee qeexaya
Qorshaynta: Hadafyada waaqiciga ah, isku dhafka waxqabadyada kalkaalisada, iyo
T
natiijooyinka la filayo.
Qiimaynta: Isbeddel u dhexeeya natiijada la filayo iyo xaaladda hadda jirta.
Qiimaynta Natiijooyinka La Filayo
I Natiijooyinka La Gaaray Natiijadii lama gaadhin
Marka la qiimeeyo, waxaad ogaan kartaa in Marka la qiimeeyo, waxaad ogaan kartaa
O
bukaanku uu gaaray hadafkii muddada in bukaanku uusan gaarin yoolkii
gaaban. Sidaa darteed, faragelintu waa ku muddada gaaban. Haddaba, wax-ka-
filan tahay, natiijadiina waa la daboolay. qabashada waa in dib loo eego; yoolalka
waa in dib loo qiimeeyaa.
N
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A
HAWL 6
Muuqaal
C
T
I mana isticmaalo daroogooyinka madadaalada. Mr. Fernando wuxuu leeyahay taariikh qoys oo
V
I 1. Qiimee daryeelkaaga kalkaalinta. (Ka soo qaad in natiijooyinkii/

yoolalkaagii aad filaysay la gaadhay).
T
Y
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O MAABKA RA'YIGA
B UJEEDOOYINKA
J
1. Qeexida khariidaynta fikradda.
2. Isticmaalka khariidaynta fikradda.
E
3. Tallaabooyinka lagu horumarinayo qorshaha daryeelka khariidad fikradeed.
XUSUUS
C Qodobbada muhiimka ah ee cutubkan…
T
I
V
E
S
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C MAABKA RA'YIGA
Khariidaynta fikradda waa hab cusub oo lagu qorsheynayo daryeelka bukaanka. Khariidaynta
fikradda waxay dhigaysaa "fikrado" ama fikradaha dhibaatooyinka bukaanka jaantuska.
O Khariidadaha daryeelka fikradda waxaa loo isticmaalaa:
o Si nidaamsan u habayso xogta bukaanka.

o Abuur cilaaqaad ka mid ah xogta Mudnaanta
N
sii
o Bixi habka guud ee daryeelka.
Talaabooyinka Horumarinta Fikradda Khariidaynta Daryeelka
C
dib u hagaajin
Talaabada 1 ka hor, waxaa muhiim kuu ah inaad ururiso dhammaan xogta caafimaad
(xogta iyo ujeedada). Marxaladda qiimayntu waa inay noqotaa mid dhamaystiran oo sax ah.
E Tallaabada 1. Samee jaantuska Qalfoofka
Faahfaahin dhibaatooyinka aad qiimeysay oo aad ururisay. Dhibaatooyinka muhiimka ah

waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan fikradaha. Dhexda, ku qor baaritaanka caafimaadka.
P
T Dhibaatada Muhiimka ah Furaha
Dhib
Furaha
M
Ogaanshaha Caafimaadka
A Qiimaynta Mudnaanta
p Dhibaatada Muhiimka ah Dhibaatada Muhiimka ah
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C
Tallaabada 2. Falanqee oo Kala saar Xogta
Falanqeeyaan oo kala saar xogta laga bilaabo ujeeddada iyo xogta labadaba. Tani waxay
siinaysaa caddayn taageero ah ogaanshaha caafimaadka iyo ogaanshaha kalkaalisada. Ku
dar natiijooyinka qiimaynta aan caadiga ahayn, taariikhda caafimaadka, iwm.
O
Dhibaatada Muhiimka ah: Dhibaatada Muhiimka ah: Dhibaatada Muhiimka ah:
N
Xogta: Xogta: Xogta:
C Dhibaatada Muhiimka ah: Dhibaatada Muhiimka ah:
Ogaanshaha Caafimaadka
E Xogta:
Qiimaynta Mudnaanta
Xogta:
P Dhibaatada Muhiimka ah:
Xogta Taageeraysa:
T
Xogta Taageeraysa: Taageerida
Xogta:
M
Tallaabada 3: Tilmaan cilaaqaadka
Xariiqyo u kala samee mashaakilaadka la xiriira, dabadeed kala hormari dhibaatada. Ku

beddel dhibaatada muhiimka ah ogaanshaha kalkaalisada.
A
Tusaalaha hoose, marka la eego mudnaanta, nadiifinta marin-haweedka oo aan waxtar lahayn
ayaa ugu horreysa, oo ay ku xigto qaab neefsasho oo aan waxtar lahayn, dulqaadka
dhaqdhaqaaqa, iyo welwelka.
Marka labaad, xariiqyadu waxay matalaan xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhibaatooyinka. Tusaale
P ahaan, xariiqda u dhaxaysa qaabka neefsashada ee aan waxtarka lahayn iyo welwelka ayaa
muujinaya in dhibka neefsashada uu keeno welwelka bukaanka.
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C Habka Neefsashada ee aan waxtarka lahayn
Taageerada Xogta
2
Dyspnea, RR, SPO2,sanka oo gubanaya,

isticmaalka murqaha dheeriga ah, tachypnea,
O
dhicis dheer,
4 3
Walaaca Dhaqdhaqaaqa
Dulqaad la'aan
Taageerida Neefta
N
Xogta:
Taageerada Xogta
Qiimaynta Mudnaanta
dyspnea
Odhaahda
Dareenka marinnada hawada, neefsashada,
Tachypnea daciifnimo
badbaadada, dulqaadka dhaqdhaqaaqa.
Muuqaal daallan
C
Oraahda
Awood la'aan
walaac
1 samee maalin kasta
Degenaansho la'aan hawlaha.
Nadiifinta Jidka Hawada ee aan waxtarka lahayn
E
Xogta Taageeraysa:
Qufac
dyspnea
Heerka Neefsashada
P SPO2
Tallaabada 4: Aqoonso yoolalka iyo natiijada la filayo iyo xeeladaha
T kalkaalinta (faragelin)
Tan waxa ku jira yoolka guud iyo natiijada habdhaqanka ee ugu sarreeya qaab-
dhismeedka. Xeeladaha kalkaalisada waa waxqabadyada kalkaalinta ee la hirgelin
M
doono.
Tallaabada 5: Qiimee natiijada/jawaabcelinta bukaanka.
Tallaabadan, qiimee jawaabta bukaanka ee xeeladaha kalkaalinta. Tusaale ahaan,
A
marka la eego ogaanshaha qaabka neefsashada oo aan waxtar lahayn, qiimeynta
heerka neefsiga, qoto dheer, iyo qaabka waxay noqon doontaa xeelad kalkaalin.
Jawaabta bukaanka, waxaad sheegi doontaa heerka neefsiga ee bukaanka, qoto
dheer, iyo qaabka.
P
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C Dhibaatada #
Hadafka:
O
N
C Faragelinta Kalkaaliyaha Jawaabta Bukaanka
E 2.
P 3.
4.
T 5.
6.
M 7.
8.
A
P
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51
C
Xusuusnow in khariidaynta daryeelka fikraddu ay tahay mid firfircoon, iyadoo ku
xidhan machadku. Mabda'a ugu muhiimsan waa in la dhiso xiriir ka dhexeeya
dhibaatooyinka. Raac tilmaamaha macalinkaaga oo ilaali mabaadi'da asaasiga ah
markaad dejinayso qorshahaaga daryeelka.
O Qaababka kale ee Khariidaynta Daryeelka Fikradda.
Kalkaalisada Dx:
N
Qiimaynta:
Natiijada la filayo:
Waxqabadyada:
C Kalkaalisada Dx:
Qiimaynta Hadafka:
Kalkaalisada Dx:
Qiimaynta:
E
Qiimaynta:
La filayo DAAWO
CIIDANKA
P Natiijada:
Qiimaynta:
Waxqabadyada:
Waxqabadyada: Qiimaynta Hadafka:
T Qiimaynta Hadafka:
M
A
P
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A
HAWL 7
Muuqaal
C
T
sigaar cabba oo lagu yaqaanay in ka badan 30 sano; si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma cabbo
I khamriga mana isticmaalo daroogooyinka madadaalada. Mr. Fernando wuxuu leeyahay

taariikh qoys oo kansar, sonkorow iyo dhiig-kar iyo cudur halbowleyaasha wadnaha ah.
V
I U samee khariidad fikradeed mid ka mid ah cudurkaaga.
T
Y
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53
A
C
T
I
V
I
T
Y
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A
C Natiijada la filayo (Natiijada Dhaqanka): Bukaanku wuxuu…
T
I
Faragelinta Kalkaaliyaha Jawaabta Bukaanka
V
I
T
Y
Qiimaynta:
584/601
55
585/6 01
56
A JAWAAB
N
S
Xusuusnow in kalkaalisada caafimaadku tahay mid firfircoon oo tani ay tahay dhacdo
W
xaalad ah oo keliya. Sidaa darteed, waxaa jiri doona GOBO LAGU DHIGO. THE
UJEEDKA QAYBTAN WAA INUU KU SIIYO HAGAHA SIDA LOOGU TALAGALAY
KA JAWAAB SU'ASHA. Kuma koobna jawaabahaan oo keliya. MAR
LABAAD, XUSUUSO, KALKAALINTA WAA FIICAN.
E
R Isku day intaadan qaadan A
FIIRSO!
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57
A HAWL 1
1. Sida ay qabaan Miskir iyo Emishaw (2018), arrimaha saamayn kara
N
hirgelinta nidaamka kalkaalinta waxaa ka mid ah.
o No qaab qoraal
o Dabagal la'aan iyo la socosho la'aan
o waqti la'aan
o Aqoon la'aan
S
o Kordhinta culeyska shaqada
o Shaqaalaha kalkaalisada oo yaraan
o Taageero la'aan
o La'aanta agab tixraaceed.
(Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad ku darto arrimo kale oo saameyn kara hirgelinta
W
habka kalkaalinta.)
2. Sawir oo calaamadee tillaabooyinka habka kalkaalinta. (Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad abuurto
naqshaddaada.)
E 1
QIIMEYNTA
R 5
KALKAALINTA
2
CIIDANKA
QIIMEYNTA
HABKA
S
4 3
FULINTA QORSHEYNTA
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58
A 1.
HAWL 2
XOGTA MAWDUUCA XOGTA UJEEDADA
N
o SOB muddo 3 maalmood ah o Calaamadaha muhiimka ah waxay
o "Ma awoodi karo inaan seexdo muujiyeen: BP 97/52, garaaca wadnaha aan
habeenkii sababtoo ah ma neefsan joogtada ahayn 80, SaO2 94%, Temp 36.9,
o karo." Taariikhda qoyska RR 24 bpm.
o Taariikhdii hore ee caafimaadka iyo o Dildilaaca lagu xusay sambabada

saxda ah ee sambabada. bararka
S
qaliinka
o Sigaar cabbista loo yaqaan muddo 30 o laba geesoodka ah.

o sano ah Cunto: KFC iyo Burger
o Ka welwelsan caafimaadka
W
2. Sida ay sheegtay xaaska Mr. Fernando, waxa uu ka cabanayaa daciifnimo jidhka ah iyo in
E
aanu awoodin in uu qabto hawl maalmeedka.
3. Xog dheeraad ah oo mawduuc ah: Miisaanka korodhka, xasaasiyadda, taariikhda daawada,

taariikhda bulshada, diinta, caadooyinka qaab nololeedka.
Xog dheeraad ah oo ujeeddo leh: Heerka xuubka (bararka), xididdada xididdada jeexan,
R
natiijooyinka baaritaanka ogaanshaha, ECG, Natiijooyinka shaybaadhka, kiimikada dhiigga,
garaaca wadnaha, buuxinta xididka, cyanosis.
4. Marxaladda Mr. Fernando sida uu qabo Erik Erikson waa Integrity vs Despair.
Waxa ka mid ah in qofku noloshiisa diiradda saaro oo uu u guuro farxad iyo ku

qanacsanaanta noloshiisa ama la kulmo dareen qoomamo qoto dheer. Xaaladiisa
S
caafimaad, kalkaalisadu waa inay qiimeysaa in bukaanku ku faraxsan yahay
nolosha uu ku noolaa ama uu dareemayo niyad-jab iyo murugo.
588/601
59
A HAWL 3
(Cilmiga kalkaalisada kuma koobna liiska hoose.)
1. Habka neefsashada ee aan waxtarka lahayn ee la xidhiidha hoos u dhaca
N
balaadhinta sanbabada ee labaad ee ciriiriga sambabada sida caddaynta SaO2 94%, RR
24 bpm, dillaacyada lagu xusay sambabada saxda ah ee sambabada, dyspnea,
OB, iyoorthopnea.
2. Wax soo saarka wadnaha oo hoos u dhacay oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhaca xanuunka myocardial sida
caddayntaBP 97/52, garaaca wadnaha oo aan joogto ahayn 80, bararka bararka.
S
3. Mugga dheecaanka xad-dhaafka ah ee la xidhiidha haynta dareeraha oo kordhay heerka labaad ilaa
hoos u dhaca qanjidhada myocardial sida caddaynta bararka laba geesoodka ah, Orthopnea,dildilaaca
lagu xusay sambabada saxda ah ee sambabada marka ay miyir beelaan iyo dyspnea.
W
4. Dhaqdhaqaaq la'aanta ee la xidhiidha dheelitir la'aanta u dhaxaysa sahayda ogsijiinta iyo
baahida sida caddaynta iyadoo la adeegsanayo hadalka daciifnimada guud iyo awood
la'aanta in la qabto hawlaha nolol maalmeedka.
5. Hababka hurdo la'aanta ee la xidhiidha hoos u dhaca balaadhinta sambabada ee

labaad ee sambabada sambabada taas oo caddaynaysa hadalka bukaanka ee
E
dhibaatada hurdada, dyspnea, SOB,orthopneaSaO2 94%, iyo RR 24 bpm.
6. Aqoonta liidata ee la xiriirta faham la'aanta habka cudurka sida caddaynta

iyadoo la tixraacayo welwelka caafimaadka iyo dabeecadaha qaab
nololeedka.
R 7. Khatarta is-weydaarsiga gaaska daciifka ah ee la xidhiidha ciriiriga sambabada.
8. Khatarta dhiig-karka unugyada aan waxtarka lahayn ee la xidhiidha hoos u dhaca

mugga istaroogga ee labaad ilaa qandho aan ku filnayn myocardial.
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A HAWL 4 iyo 6
(Kaliya saddex ogaanshaha kalkaalisada ayaa loo isticmaalay muunad ahaan.)
Ogaanshaha Kalkaaliyaha:
N
Habka neefsashada ee aan waxtarka lahayn ee la xidhiidha hoos u dhaca balaadhinta sambabada ee
heerka labaad ee sambabada sambabada sida caddaynta SaO2 94%, RR 24 bpm, dillaacyada lagu
xusay sambabada saxda ah ee sambabada, dyspnea, SOB, iyo orthopnea.
1. Bukaanku waxa uu ilaalin doonaa heerka qoyaanka ogsijiinta dhiigga inta u dhaxaysa 95% ilaa
S
100% ka dib 1 saac ee faragelinta kalkaalinta.
2. Bukaanku wuxuu ilaalin doonaa heerka neefsiga gudaha 12-20bpm ka dib 1 saac oo
faragelin ah.
2. Bukaanku wuxuu muujin doonaa farsamada neefsashada dibinta-diaphragmatic ka
W
dib 1 saac oo kaalmo caafimaad ah.
Faragelinta
1. Qiimee heerka neefsiga, qoto dheer, iyo qaabka 2dii saacadoodba mar.
2. Auscullate neefta 4tii saacadoodba mar.
E
3. La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah ee bukaanka 2dii saacadoodba mar.
4. Dhig bukaan-jiifka meel ka mid ah shimbiraha.
5. Ku dhiiri geli farsamada neefsashada ee bushimaha dabadheerta ee diaphragmatic.
6. Maamul daaweynta ogsajiinta sida ku cad amarka dhakhtarka. (Cadee)
R
7. U samee dawooyinka sida uu dhakhtarku u qoray. (Daawada gobolka ame,
waqtiga, qiyaasta iyo dariiqa).
8. La soco wax kasta oo dawooyin ah oo saameynaya.
9. Ka caawi bukaanka inuu sameeyo farsamooyinka nasashada.
S
10. Qor waxqabadyada kalkaalisada iyo jawaabta bukaanka.
Natiijada:
Natiijadii waa la gaadhay. Ka dib 1 saac oo faragelinta kalkaalisada ah, bukaanku waxa uu
ilaashaday dheecaanka ogsijiinta dhiiga ee 96%, waxa uu ilaaliyay RR ah 20bpm, waxaanu
muujiyay farsamada neefsiga dibinta-bashimaha ee diaphragmatic soddon daqiiqo kasta.
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A Ogaanshaha Kalkaaliyaha
HAWL 4 iyo 6
Wax soo saarka wadnaha oo hoos u dhacay oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhaca qanjidhada myocardial sida
N
caddaynta BP 97/52, garaaca wadnaha oo aan joogto ahayn 80 iyo bararka laba geesoodka ah.
1. Ka dib saacadaha 8 ee faragelinta kalkaalinta, bukaanku wuxuu muujin doonaa kororka wax soo
saarka wadnaha sida caddaynta kororka BP gudaha qiyaasta caadiga ah ee systolic ee 110-129 iyo
S
qiyaasta diastolic ee 60 iyo in ka yar 80; garaaca garaaca wadnaha ee caadiga ah ee 3+ ee cabirka la
dajiyay ee (0-4+) oo leh heer u dhexeeya 60-100bpm iyo hoos u dhac ku yimaadda bararka badarka
laba geesoodka ah ee 0-2+ cabirka la dajiyay (0-4+).
W
Faragelinta
1. Qiimee garaaca wadnaha iyo xididada 2dii saacadoodba mar.
2. Qiimee dhawaaqa wadnaha iyo sanbabada 4tii saacadoodba mar.
3. Dhig bukaanka la socodka wadnaha sida ku cad amarka dhakhtarka.
E
4. La soco galinta dareeraha iyo soo saarista.
5. Dhig bukaan-jiifka meel ka mid ah shimbiraha.
6. Ku dhiiri geli nasasho xilliyeed oo ka caawi ADLs.
7. Maamul daaweynta ogsajiinta sida ku cad amarka dhakhtarka. (Cadee)
R
8. U daawoyinka sida uu dhakhtarku u qoray. (Daawada gobolka ame, waqtiga,
qiyaasta iyo dariiqa).
9. La soco wax kasta oo daawadu keento.
10. Qor waxqabadyada kalkaalisada iyo jawaabta bukaanka.
S Natiijada:
Natiijadii waa la gaadhay. Ka dib saacadaha 8 ee faragelinta kalkaalinta, bukaanku wuxuu muujiyay
kororka wax soo saarka wadnaha sida caddaynta BP ee la ilaaliyo ee 115/72, garaaca wadnaha 3 +
ee caadiga ah iyo heerka 88bpm, iyo hoos u dhaca bararka bararka laba geesoodka ah ee 2+.
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A Ogaanshaha Kalkaaliyaha
HAWL 4 iyo 6
Mugga dheecaanka xad-dhaafka ah ee la xidhiidha haynta dareeraha oo kordhay heerka labaad ilaa hoos u
N
dhaca qanjidhada myocardial sida caddaynta bararka laba geesoodka ah, Orthopnea,Dildilaaca lagu xusay
sambabada saxda ah marka la dareemo miyir beelka iyo dyspnea iyo BP 97/52, garaaca wadnaha aan
caadiga ahayn 80
Bukaanku wuxuu dib u helayaa oo ilaalin doonaa dheelitirka dareeraha caddayn ahaan hoos u dhaca
S
bararka bararka laba geesoodka ah ee heerka cabbirka 0-2, korodhka BP gudaha qiyaasta caadiga ah
ee systolic ee 110-129 iyo qiyaasta diastolic ee 60 iyo in ka yar 80; garaaca garaaca caadiga ah ee 3+ ee
cabirka la dajiyay ee (0-4+) oo joogso qaab neefsasho joogto ah kadib 8 saacadood ee waxqabadyada
kalkaalinta.
Faragelinta
W
1. Qiimee BP, garaaca garaaca iyo heerka neefsiga, qoto dheer, iyo qaabka 2dii saacadoodba mar.
2. Auscullate neefta 4tii saacadoodba mar.
3. Ilaali xadaynta dareeraha sida ku cad amarka dhakhtarka.
4. Ilaali cunto soodhiyamku hooseeyo.
E
5. Miisaanka bukaanka maalin kasta oo barbar dhig miisaanyadii hore.
6. Kor u qaad addimada hoose ee bukaanka.
7. U samee dawooyinka sida uu dhakhtarku u qoray. (Magaca daweynta,

wakhtiga, qiyaasta iyo dariiqa).
R
8. La soco wax kasta oo daawadu keento.
9. Diiwaangeli faragelinta kalkaalinta iyo jawaabta bukaanka.
Natiijada:
Natiijadii waa la gaadhay. Ka dib saacadaha 8 ee waxqabadyada kalkaalinta, bukaanku wuxuu
S
muujiyay dheellitirka dheecaanka joogtada ah sida caddaynta BP ee 115/72, garaaca wadnaha 3+
ee caadiga ah ee 88bpm, iyo hoos u dhaca bararka bararka laba geesoodka ah ee 2+ iyo
R ee 20bpm
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63
HAWL 5
A
Qaab saabuun:
N S- Bukaanku wuxuu ka dhawaajiyay SOB in ka badan 3 maalmood.
O- SaO2 94%, RR 24 bpm. Dildilaaca lagu xusay sambabada saxda ah marka la
S
dareemo miyir beelka, dyspnea, SOB, iyoorthopnea.
A-Habka neefsashada oo aan waxtar lahayn
P- Qiimee oo la soco heerka neefsiga, qoto dheer, iyo qaabka. Maamul 02

daawaynta Meesha pt. meel ka mid ah-fowlers.
W
E
R
S
593/601
64
A HAWL 7.
Fallaadhaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa si ay u muujiyaan xiriirka ka dhexeeya cudurka. Tusaale ahaan, qaabka neefsashada ee
aan waxtarka lahayn waxay keeni kartaa hurdo xumo iyo dulqaad la'aanta dhaqdhaqaaqa. Wax soo saarka wadnaha oo
yaraada ayaa keena mugga dareeraha xad-dhaafka ah, dulqaad la'aanta dhaqdhaqaaqa, hurdo la'aanta
N
qaabka, iyo qaabka neefsashada oo aan waxtar lahayn. Qaabkan hoos ayaa lagu muujiyay.
Qaab hurdo xumo 5

Xogta Taageeraysa:
Odhaahda bukaan-socodka ee
hurdada oo ku adag, dyspnea,
SOB,orthopneaSaO2 94% iyo RR
S
24 bpm.
1
2
Neefsashada oo aan waxtar lahayn
qaab Wax soo saarka wadnaha oo yaraada
Xogta Taageeraysa: Xogta Taageeraysa:
W
SaO2 94%, RR 24 bpm. Dildilaaca BP 97/52, garaaca wadnaha oo aan joogto ahayn
QALBIGA ISKU-CURUS
lagu xusay sambabada midig ee
80, bararka laba geesoodka ah.
sambabada marka ay
FASHILAN
auscultation, dyspnea,
Qiimaynta:
SOB, iyoorthopnea.
Neefsashada, Soo saarida Wadnaha,
Dulqaadka dhaqdhaqaaqa, dareeraha
hayn
E 3
4
U dulqaadasho la'aanta dhaqdhaqaaqa Mugga dheecaanka xad dhaafka ah
R
la xidhiidha
Xogta taageeraya:
Xogta Taageeraysa:
Odhaahda
daciifnimo guud bararka laba geesoodka ah,
iyo karti la'aan Orthopnea,dildilaaca lagu xusay
qabtaan hawlaha sambabada saxda ah ee sambabada

nolol maalmeedka. marka ay miyir beelaan iyo dyspnea.
594/601
65
C Kiiska
A
BARASHADA
S
E Halkan waxaa ah daraasado kiis oo dheeraad ah. Ujeedadu waa in aad isticmaasho
fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee aad baratay. Xusuusnow in xaaladahan xaaladahan
S
Mararka qaarkood iska dhaaf macluumaadka kale ee muhiimka ah ee laga yaabo inay muhiim u
yihiin abuurista qorshe daryeel oo dhammaystiran. Ujeedadu waa in si dhab ah loo fikiro
kalkaalisada oo buuxi daldaloolada su'aasha:
T
U WAA MAXAY MACLUUMAADKA KALE
MA HELI KARAA?
D
Y
595/601
66
C ARDAYDA Kiiska 2
A
Mrs. Kathrine George waa gabadh 30 jir ah oo la dhigay xanuunka a
ogaanshaha caafimaad ee sambabada. Waxay ka cabanaysaa qabow muddo laba toddobaad ah,
S
hoos u dhigida qaadashada afka, dyspnea, orthopnea, iyo daciifnimada jidhka. "Waxaan leeyahay
Qiimaynta ayaa muujisay xabo qallalan
E
xuubabka, maqaarka kulul iyo midabka, dhawaaqa neefta oo yaraada, iyo dhiirigelin
dildilaaca marka auscultation. Mrs. George waxay leedahay taariikh caafimaad oo neef ah.
S
Ma laha taariikh hore oo qaliin ah. Mrs. George ma haysato cunto ama daawo la yaqaan
Xasaasiyadda oo aan sigaar cabbin ama si xun u cabbin khamriga iyo maandooriyaha.
T
U samee qorshaha daryeelka kalkaalinta iyo khariidad daryeel fikradeed Mrs. George.
U
D
Y
596/601
67
C ARDAYDA Kiiska 3
A
Haweeney 79 jir ah ayaa la dhigay iyada oo laga helay cudurka COPD. The
Bukaanka ayaa sheegay in ay la kulantay neefta oo ku yaraata
24-kii saac ee lasoo dhaafay. Waxay isticmaalaysa muruqyadeeda kaabaya, waadna dareentay
S
sanka oo gubanaya. Neefsashada bukaanku waa mid degdeg ah oo aan joogto ahayn. Calaamadaha muhiimka ah ayaa muujinaya
Dheefta oksijiinta waxay ahayd 82%, HR 120, BP 160/90, RR 34. Dhawaqa sambabada waa
yaraatay, iyo raajo laabta ayaa muujiyay sambabada kacsan iyo
E diaphragm fidsan. Goobta oksijiinta bukaanka waa 2L / min; si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadu
wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka cawdo in heerka ogsijiinta uu aad u hooseeyo. ABGS show PCO2 59,
pH 7.24, PO2 52, O2 Sat 82%.
S Samee qorshe daryeel kalkaalin iyo khariidad daryeel fikradeed.
T
U
D
Y
597/601
68
C ARDAYDA Kiiska 4
A
Nin 50 jir ah ayaa la dhigey cabashooyinka calool xanuun ee a
xanuunka 9 (0-10 miisaanka). Waxa uu ku tilmaamay xanuunkiisa mid soo noqnoqda iyo
S
mindidii. Waxa kale oo uu ka cawday saxaro madow oo soo noqnoqda 4tii la soo dhaafay
maalmo oo lagu tilmaamay kafee brown u muuqda emesis. Waxa uu sheegay in isaga
E
Daawooyinka hadda jira waa Aspirin iyo Lisinopril, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma awoodo
xasuuso qiyaasta. Waxa uu dareemaa wareer iyo daal. Bukaanku wuxuu leeyahay a
S
Xuub-xabeedka engegan, waa cirro iyo diaphoretic. Calaamadaha muhiimka ah waxay muujiyeen BP
98/62, HR 115, O2 Sabti 99%.
T
Samee qorshe daryeel kalkaalin iyo khariidad daryeel fikradeed.
U
D
Y XUSUUS
598/601
69
XUSUUS
599/601

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Translated from English to Somali - www.onlinedoctranslator.

nursebossstore.com 300 / 601

Cagaarshowga waxaa lagu gartaa bararka unugyada beerka.

1. Muddada kicinta: fayrasku

DHIIGA & DHIIGGA lalabo iyo matag,

3. Marxaladda Icteric: kaadi

lumis, RUQ xanuun.

4. Marxaladda soo kabashada:

a.ALT & AST (sare) Bukaanada qaba natiijooyinka

soo jeedinaya fayras ba'an

xudunta (IgM anti-HBc)

Ka hortagga HCV (anti-

sare)(protein hoose iyo dufan yar)

nursebossstore.com 303 / 601

Saddex lakab oo maqaarka ah:

Gubashada waxay keentaa:

Burburka lakabyada maqaarka ee uu keeno kulaylka, kiimikooyinka, ama shucaaca

a. Dheecaannada xididdada oo kordha (wuxuu socdaa 26 saacadood)

b. Xididdada dhiiggu way balaadhiyaan oo dareere u daadiyaan meel bannaan oo u dhaxaysa

c. Qadarka isbeddelka dareeraha waxay kuxirantahay heerka dhaawaca

4. Wadnaha: korodhka HR, hoos u dhaca CO

6. Nidaamka difaaca: jawaab celinta oo yaraatay, khatarta caabuqa oo kordhay

Qeexid: waxay nuugtaa gubashada

dusha sare ee qayb- dhumucdiisuna

Gubashada dhumucda buuxda:

yeesho casaan, jaalle, bunni ama madow.

Dareen la'aan. Waxay u baahan tahay tallaalid maqaarka

3. Laabtu waxay la mid tahay 9% calooshuna waxay la mid tahay 9% meesha

9% meesha sare ee jirka.

6. Xubinta taranka waxa ay la mid tahay 1% oogada jidhka.

lagu qiyaasay iyadoo la isticmaalayo

Habkani wuu kala qaybiyaa

2.Maintain patent airway 3

tachycardia, soo saarista wadnaha oo

hooseeya iyo cadaadiska dhiigga oo

1.Hgb/Hct… kor u kacay sababtoo ah luminta dareeraha

2.Glukoos...oo sare u kacday jawaab celinta walaaca awgeed

c. pH… hoos u dhaca acidosis-ka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka

Ilaali marin hawo-mareenka La soco calaamadaha muhiimka ah

Maamul dareerayaasha faleebbaha La soco wax soo saarka

La soco qiyamka shaybaadhka (Kateetarka Foley)

1.Duration: 48-72 saacadood dhaawaca ka dib

c. maaraynta xanuunka 3. Fiitamiinada sare ee cuntada

d.dhabar xidhid 4.Calories:>5000(gubasho

6. Kor u qaadida bogsashada dhaawaca

nursebossstore.com 309 / 601

soo celiyaan balaadhinta sanbabada.

UWSD-Dhiirishooyinka Biyaha Hoostooda ee Xidhan

XAALADAHA U BAAHAN GALINTA TUBESKA XABADAHA

Hemothorax: Dhiig ururinta godka xuubka.

balaadhinta sambabada oo daciifa.

Natiijooyinka sambabada oo buuxsamay ama qayb sambabada oo burburay.

geliyaa si looga hortago dhibaatooyinka. Waxay hubisaa in dareeraha iyo hawadu si

fiican uga soo baxaan bannaanka xuubka.

Nidaamka nuugista qoyan: ku hagaaji

Qolka daboolida biyaha

nidaamka nuugista qalalan

nidaamka nuugista qoyan

dheecaanku yahay> 100mL(cc)/saacaddii)

Troponin T: LDL:____