Steel Castings Handbook

SUPPLEMENT 2
1999 SUMMARY OF STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL CASTINGS
Steel Castings Handbook Supplement 2

Summary of Standard Specifications For Steel Castings - 1999
PREFACE
Supplement 2 will be revised at regular intervals. Supplement 2 is only a summary that is useful in comparing the general requirements in different types of specifications. When ordering, an up-to-date original specification should be used.
CONTENTS
PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1 CONTENTS............................................................................................................................................................................ 1 ORDERING STEEL CASTINGS........................................................................................................................................... 2 SUMMARY OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CARBON AND ALLOY CAST STEELS ................................... 6 SUMMARY OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGH ALLOY CAST STEELS.................................................. 28 SUMMARY OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CENTRIFUGALLY CAST STEELS ......................................... 44 SUMMARY OF STANDARD TEST METHODS FOR STEEL CASTINGS..................................................................... 49 SPECIAL STANDARD PRACTICES ................................................................................................................................. 54 CODE AND SPECIFICATION AGENCIES ....................................................................................................................... 56
Prepared by the SPECIFICATIONS COMMITTEE STEEL FOUNDERS SOCIETY OF AMERICA

Revised by David Poweleit - 1999
ORDERING STEEL CASTINGS

Overview
When making inquiries or ordering parts, all pertinent information must be stated on both the inquiry and order. This information should include all of the following components. 1. Casting shape either by drawing or pattern. Drawings should include dimensional tolerances, indications of surfaces to be machined, and datum points for locating. If only a pattern is provided, then the dimensions of the casting are as predicted by the pattern. 2. Material specification and grade (e.g. ASTM A 27/A 27M 95 Grade 60-30 Class 1). 3. Number of parts. 4. Supplementary requirements (e.g. ASTM A 781/A 781M 95 S2 Radiographic Examination). A. Test methods (e.g. ASTM E 94) B. Acceptance criteria (e.g. ASTM E 186 severity level 2, or MSS SP-54-1995). 5. Any other information that might contribute to the production and use of the part. To produce a part by any manufacturing process it is necessary to know the design of the part, the material to be used and the testing required. These three elements are discussed in detail in the following sections.
Design
Background To obtain the highest quality product, the part should be designed to take advantage of the flexibility of the casting process. The foundry must have either the part drawing or pattern equipment and know the number of parts to be made. To take advantage of the casting process, the foundry should also know which surfaces are to be machined and where datum points are located. Reasonable dimensional tolerances must be indicated where a drawing is provided. Tolerances are normally decided by agreement between the foundry and customer. SFSA Supplement 3 represents a common staring point for such agreements. Supplement 3 is not a specification and care should be taken to reach agreement on what tolerances are required. Close cooperation between the customers design engineers and the foundrys casting engineers is essential, to optimize the casting design, in terms of cost and performance. Additional guidelines for casting design are given in Steel Castings Handbook and Supplement 1,3, and 4 of the Steel Castings Handbook. Minimum Section Thickness The rigidity of a section often governs the minimum thickness to which a section can be designed. There are cases however when a very thin section will suffice, depending upon strength and rigidity calculations, and when castability becomes the governing factor. In these cases it is necessary that a limit of minimum section thickness per length be adopted in order for the molten steel to completely fill the mold cavity. Molten steel cools rapidly as it enters a mold. In a thin section close to the gate, which delivers the hot metal, the mold will fill readily. At a distance from the gate, the metal may be too cold to fill the same thin section. A minimum thickness of 0.25 (6 mm) is suggested for design use when conventional steel casting techniques are employed. Wall thicknesses of 0.060 (1.5 mm) and sections tapering down to 0.030 (0.76 mm) are common for investment castings. Draft Draft is the amount of taper or the angle, which must be allowed on all vertical faces of a pattern to permit its removal from the sand mold without tearing the mold walls. Draft should be added to the design dimensions but metal thickness must be maintained. Regardless of the type of pattern equipment used, draft must be considered in all casting designs. Draft can be eliminated by the use of cores; however, this adds significant costs. In cases where the amount of draft may affect the subsequent use of the casting, the drawing should specify whether this draft is to be added to or subtracted from the casting dimensions as given.
Ordering Steel Castings 2
The necessary amount of draft depends upon the size of the casting, the method of production, and whether molding is by hand or machine. Machine molding will require a minimum amount of draft. Interior surfaces in green sand molding usually require more draft than exterior surfaces. The amount of draft recommended under normal conditions is about 3/16 inch per foot (approximately 1.5 degrees), and this allowance would normally be added to design dimensions. Parting Line Parting parallel to one plane facilitates the production of the pattern as well as the production of the mold. Patterns with straight parting lines, parting lines parallel to a single plane, can be produced more easily and at lower cost than patterns with irregular parting lines. Casting shapes that are symmetrical about one centerline or plane readily suggest the parting line. Such casting design simplifies molding and coring, and should be used wherever possible. They should always be made as split patterns which require a minimum of handwork in the mold, improve casting finish, and reduce costs. Cores A core is a separate unit from the mold and is used to create openings and cavities that cannot be made by the pattern alone. Every attempt should be made by the designer to eliminate or reduce the number of cores needed for a particular design to reduce the final cost of the casting. The minimum diameter of a core that can be successfully used in steel castings is dependent upon three factors; the thickness of the metal section surrounding the core, the length of the core, and the special precautions and procedures used by the foundry. The adverse thermal conditions to which the core is subjected increase in severity as the metal thickness surrounding the core increases and the core diameter decreases. These increasing amounts of heat from the heavy section must be dissipated through the core. As the severity of the thermal condition increases, the cleaning of the castings and core removal becomes much more difficult and expensive. The thickness of the metal section surrounding the core and the length of the core affect the bending stresses induced in the core by buoyancy forces and therefore the ability of the foundry to obtain the tolerances required. If the size of the core is large enough, rods can often be used to strengthen the core. Naturally, as the metal thickness and the core length increase, the amount of reinforcement required to resist the bending stresses also increases. Therefore, the minimum diameter core must also increase to accommodate the extra reinforcing required. The cost of removing cores from casting cavities may become prohibitive when the areas to be cleaned are inaccessible. The casting design should provide for openings sufficiently large enough to permit ready access for the removal of the core. Internal Soundness/Directional Solidification Steel castings begin to solidify at the mold wall, forming a continuously thickening envelope as heat is dissipated through the mold-metal interface. The volumetric contraction which occurs within a cross section of a solidifying cast member must be compensated by liquid feed metal from an adjoining heavier section, or from a riser which serves as a feed metal reservoir and which is placed adjacent to, or on top of, the heavier section. The lack of sufficient feed metal to compensate for volumetric contraction at the time of solidification is the cause of shrinkage cavities. They are found in sections which, owing to design, must be fed through thinner sections. The thinner sections solidify too quickly to permit liquid feed metal to pass from the riser to the thicker sections. Machining In the final analysis, the foundrys casting engineer is responsible for giving the designer a cast product that is capable of being transformed by machining to meet the specific requirements intended for the function of the part. To accomplish this goal a close relationship must be maintained between the customers engineering and purchasing staff and the casting producer. Jointly, and with a cooperative approach, the following points must be considered. 1. The molding process, its advantages and its limitations. 2. Machining stock allowance to assure clean up on all machined surfaces. 3. Design in relation to clamping and fixturing devices to be used during machining.
Ordering Steel Castings 3
4. Selection of material specification and heat treatment. 5. Quality of parts to be produced. Layout It is imperative that every casting design when first produced be checked to determine whether all machining requirements called for on the drawings may be attained. This may be best accomplished by having a complete layout of the sample casting to make sure that adequate stock allowance for machining exists on all surfaces requiring machining. For many designs of simple configuration that can be measured with a simple rule, a complete layout of the casting may not be necessary. In other cases, where the machining dimensions are more complicated, it may be advisable that the casting be checked more completely, calling for target points and the scribing of lines to indicate all machined surfaces.
Material
The material to be used to produce the part must be identified in the order. Material for steel castings is generally ordered to ASTM requirements, although other specifications may be used. This supplement contains a summary of the scope, chemical composition requirements and mechanical property requirements of these material or product specifications. Many requirements are common to several specifications and are given in ASTM A 781/A 781M, ASTM A 703/A 703M, ASTM A 957, ASTM A 985, and ISO 4990. ASTM A 781/A 781M 97 CASTINGS, STEEL AND ALLOY, COMMON REQUIREMENTS, FOR GENERAL INDUSTRIAL USE This specification covers a group of requirements that are mandatory requirements of the following steel casting specifications issued by American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM). If the product specification specifies different requirements, the product specification shall prevail. ASTM Designations: A 27/A 27M, A 128/A 128M, A 148/A 148M, A 297/A 297M, A 447/A 447M, A 486/A 486M, A 494/A 494M, A 560/A 560M, A 743/A 743M, A 744/A 744M, A 747/A 747M, A 890/A 890M, A 915/A 915M, and A 958. ASTM A 703/A 703M 97 STEEL CASTINGS, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, FOR PRESSURE CONTAINING PARTS This specification covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in an individual specification, shall apply to steel castings for pressurecontaining parts under each of the following ASTM specifications. ASTM Designations: A 216/A 216M, A 217/A 217M, A 351/A 351M, A 352/A 352M, A 389/A 389M, A 487/A 487M, A 985, A 990, and A 995. ASTM A 957 96 INVESTMENT CASTINGS, STEEL AND ALLOY, COMMON REQUIREMENTS, FOR GENERAL INDUSTRIAL USE This specification covers a group of requirements that are mandatory for castings produced by the investment casting process to meet the metallurgical requirements of the following steel casting specifications issued by ASTM. ASTM Designations: A 27/A 27M, A 148/A 148M, A 297/A 297M, A 447/A 447M, A 494/A 494M, A 560/A 560M, A 732/A 732M, A 743/A 743M, A 744/A 744M, A 747/A 747M, A 890/A 890M, and A 915/A 915M. ASTM A 985 98 STEEL INVESTMENT CASTINGS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, FOR PRESSURE-CONTAINING PARTS This specification covers a group of common requirements, which are mandatory for steel castings produced by the investment casting process for pressurecontaining parts under each of the following ASTM specifications. ASTM Designations: A 216/A 216M, A 217/A 217M, A 351/A 351M, A 352/A 352M, A 389/A 389M, and A 487/A 487M.
Ordering Steel Castings
ISO 4990
STEEL CASTINGS GENERAL TECHNICAL DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS
Tests
Testing ensures that the material meets the requirements of the specification; consequently, testing is mandatory. More frequent testing or other tests may be imposed by use of supplementary requirements of product specifications or general requirement specifications. The least testing done consistent with the goals allows for the most economical product. In addition to specifying test methods, acceptance criteria must be agreed on. The more testing and tighter the acceptance criteria, the more expensive the steel casting produced, without necessarily increasing the quality or serviceability of the steel casting. Hence, the extent of testing and acceptance criteria should be based on the design and service requirements. The mechanical properties required are obtained from test bars cast separately from or attached to the castings to which they refer. The mechanical properties obtained represent the quality of steel, but do not necessarily represent the properties of the castings themselves. Solidification conditions and rate, if cooling during heat treatment, affect the properties of the casting, which in turn are influenced by casting thickness, size, and shape. In particular, the hardenability of some grades may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtainable.
Ordering Steel Castings
SUMMARY OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CARBON AND ALLOY CAST STEELS
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code makes extensive use of the ASTM specifications with slight modifications. For the sake of comparison, the ASME specifications use the preface SA so that SA 216 is related to ASTM A 216/A 216M. However, while ASTM A 216/A 216M could be used for the sake of comparison of grades, ASME SA 216 contained in Section II, must be used when complying with the code. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) developed a four number wrought alloy designation system, which is used extensively. These steels have been identified in the AISI classification by a numerical index system that is partially descriptive of the composition. The first digit indicates the type to which the steel belongs. A 1 indicates a carbon steel, a 2 indicates a nickel steel, and a digit greater than 2 indicates alloys other than nickel or alloy combinations. For low alloy steels, the second digit indicates the approximate percentage of the predominant alloy element. Usually the last two or three digits indicate the average carbon content in points, or hundredths of a percent. Thus, 2340 indicates a nickel steel of approximately 3% nickel (3.25 to 3.75) and 0.40% carbon (0.38 to 0.43). The basic numerals for the various types of AISI steels (including plain-carbon steels) are listed in the table below. The basic numbering system adopted by the Society of Automotive Engineers is quite similar, differing only in minor details. The SAE Handbook should be consulted for comparison. AISI Classification System Series Designation 10xx 11xx 12xx 13xx 15xx 23xx 25xx 31xx 33xx 40xx 41xx 43xx 44xx 46xx 47xx 48xx 50xx 51xx 5xxx 61xx 81xx 86xx 87xx 88xx 92xx 93xx B BV L Type Nonresulphurized carbon steel grades Resulphurized carbon steel grades Rephosphorized and resulphurized carbon steel grades Manganese 1.75% Manganese over 1.00 to 1.65% Nickel 3.50% Nickel 5.00% Nickel 1.25% - Chromium 0.65% Nickel 3.50% - Chromium 1.55% Molybdenum 0.25% Chromium 0.50 or 0.95% - Molybdenum 0.12 or 0.20% Nickel 1.80% - Chromium 0.50 to 0.80% - Molybdenum 0.25% Molybdenum 0.40 or 0.53% Nickel 1.55 or 1.80% - Molybdenum 0.20 or 0.25% Nickel 1.05% - Chromium 0.45% - Molybdenum 0.20% Nickel 3.50% - Molybdenum 0.25% Chromium 0.28 or 0.40% Chromium 0.80, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00 or 1.05% Carbon 1.00% - Chromium 0.50, 1.00 or 1.45% Chromium 0.80 or 0.95% - Vanadium 0.10% or 0.15% min. Nickel 0.30 Chromium 0.40 - Molybdenum 0.12 Nickel 0.55% - Chromium 0.50 or 0.65% - Molybdenum 0.20% Nickel 0.55% - Chromium 0.50% - Molybdenum 0.25% Nickel 0.55% - Chromium 0.50% - Molybdenum 0.35% Manganese 0.85% - Silicon 2.00% Nickel 3.25% - Chromium 1.20% - Molybdenum 0.12% Denotes boron steel (e.g. 51B60) Denotes boron-vanadium steel (e.g. TS 43BV12 or TS 43BV14) Denotes leaded steel (e.g. 10L18)
Needless to say, this list representing as it does, a standardization and simplification of thousands of alloy-steel compositions, is a very valuable aid to the specification and choice of alloy steels for various applications. Many
Carbon and Alloy Specifications 6
of these steels were developed for specific applications, and their continual satisfactory performance has resulted in a considerable degree of standardization of application among these compositions. These designations can be ordered in castings through the use of ASTM A 148/A 148M, A 915/A 915M, or A 958 but care must be used to select a grade with compatible mechanical properties. Also the wrought composition must be modified, especially the silicon and manganese content to allow for casting. Below is a list of carbon and alloy cast steel specifications, with summary details on the following pages. Note that the values given in the summary of the specifications are stated with either U.S. Conventional Units (USCS) or Metric (SI) units, and are to be regarded separately. Units given in brackets are SI units. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents (soft conversion); therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems, by using conversion equations (hard conversion), may result in nonconformance with the specification. Also note that the values in the table are given in a minimum over maximum format. This means that if the value is a minimum it will be listed in the upper portion of the specifications table row and in the lower portion of the row if it is a maximum value. Finally, note that tables and their footnotes may be split across two or more pages.
AAR M-201-92 ABS 2/1.7 ABS 2/2.23 ASTM A 27/A 27M 95 ASTM A 148/A 148M 93b ASTM A 216/A 216M 93 ASTM A 217/A 217M 95 ASTM A 352/A 352M 93 ASTM A 356/A 356M 98 ASTM A 389/A 389M 93 ASTM A 487/A 487M 93 ASTM A 597 93 ASTM A 732/A 732M 98 ASTM A 757/A 757M 90 ASTM A 915/A 915M 93 ASTM A 958 96 FEDERAL QQ-S-681F ISO 3755 ISO 4991 ISO 9477 ISO DIS 13521 ISO WD 14737(c) Lloyds Register Rule 2.4.1 Lloyds Register Rule 2.4.2 Lloyds Register Rule 2.4.3 Lloyds Register Rule 2.4.4 Lloyds Register Rule 2.4.5 Lloyds Register Rule 2.4.6 Lloyds Register Rule 2.4.7 Lloyds Register Rule 2.4.9 MIL-C-24707/1 MIL-C-24707/2 MIL-S-870B MIL-S-15083B(NAVY) MIL-S-15464B(SHIPS) MIL-S-23008D(SH) MIL-S-46052A(MR) SAE J435c Steel Castings Hull Steel Castings Steel Castings for Machinery, Boilers, and Pressure Vessels Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-containing Parts, Suitable for HighTemperature Service Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature Service Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy and Stainless Steel, Heavy Walled for Steam Turbines Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for HighTemperature Service Steel Castings, Suitable for Pressure Service Cast Tool Steel Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy, for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martenistic for Pressure-Containing and Other Applications, for LowTemperature Service Steel Castings, Carbon, and Alloy, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades Steel Castings, Carbon, and Alloy, with Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades Steel Castings Cast carbon steels for general engineering Steel castings for pressure purposes High strength cast steels for general engineering and structural purposes Austenitic manganese steel castings Cast carbon and low alloy steels for general use Steel Castings part 2, chapter 4, section 1: General requirements Steel Castings part 2, chapter 4, section 2: Castings for ship and other structural applications Steel Castings part 2, chapter 4, section 3: Castings for machinery construction Steel Castings part 2, chapter 4, section 4: Castings for crankshafts Steel Castings part 2, chapter 4, section 5: Castings for propellers Steel Castings part 2, chapter 4, section 6: Castings for boilers, pressure vessels and piping systems Steel Castings part 2, chapter 4, section 7: Ferritic steel castings for low temperature service Steel Castings part 2, chapter 4, section 9: Steel castings for container corner fittings Castings, Ferrous, for Machinery and Structural Applications Castings, for Pressure Containing Parts Suitable for High Temperature Service Steel Castings, Molybdenum Alloy Steel Castings Steel Alloy, Chromium-Molybdenum; Castings Steel Castings, Alloy, High Yield Strength (HY-80 and HY-100) Steel Castings, High Strength, Low Alloy Automotive Steel Castings
Carbon and Alloy Specifications
AAR M-201-92
STEEL CASTINGS These specifications cover carbon and alloy steel castings for locomotive and car equipment and for miscellaneous use graded as A, B, C, D, and E. AAR Specification M-201 provides for all castings unless another AAR Specification for a particular product provides for a variation.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat Treatment

and UNS
Tensile Strength Yield Strength

ksi MPa Ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) Elong Red A Other TestsABC
MPa % % Hardness (BHN)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other
108 0.04 1.50 160 0.32D 0.90D 0.04 A A or N 60 30 26 38 108 106 0.32D 0.90D 0.04 0.04 1.50 B N or NT 70 38 24 36 137 0.04 1.50 208 0.32D 0.90D 0.04 C NT or QT 90 60 22 45 179 241 0.32 1.85 0.04 0.04 1.50 D QT 105 85 17 35 211 285 0.32 1.85 0.04 0.04 1.50 E QT 120 100 14 30 241 311 0.32 1.85 0.04 0.04 1.50 A Grades D and E steel - composition of the steel, except for coupler locks, shall produce in the standard Jominy test the minimum hardness at 7/16 from the quenched end for the carbon composition as follows, based on the initial composition: up to 0.25% carbon = 30 HRC minimum, 0.25-0.30% carbon = 33 HRC minimum, and 0.31-0.32% carbon = 35 HRC minimum B Impact test - the steel shall possess properties determined by testing standard Charpy V-notch Type A specimens prepared as illustrated in Figure 11 in ASTM Designation A 370: grade B 15 ft-lbs @ 20 F, grade C (NT) 15 ft-lbs @ 0 F, grade C (QT) 20 ft-lbs @ -40 F, grade D 20 ft-lbs @ -40 F, and grade E 20 ft-lbs @ -40 F C Dynamic tear and nil ductility test temperature (alternate impact property test): grade B 60 F, grade C (NT) 60 F, grade C (QT) -60 F, grade D -60 F, and grade E -60 F (see original specification for full details) D Grades A and B steel for each reduction of 0.01% carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04% manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximum of 1.2%
Unannealed
60
30
22
30
ABS 2/1.7
HULL STEEL CASTINGS Requirements cover carbon-steel castings intended to be used in hull construction and equipment as distinguished from hightemperature applications.

and UNS

ksi MPa Ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) Elong Red A Other Tests
MPa % %
A, N, or NT
415
205
24
35
ABS 2/2.23
STEEL CASTINGS FOR MACHINERY, BOILERS, AND PRESSURE VESSELS Requirements cover carbon-steel castings intended to be used in machinery, boiler, and pressure-vessel construction.
ABS 2/2.23 Continued

and UNS

ksi MPa Ksi
Mpa % %
1 2 3 4
A, N, or NT A, N, or NT A, N, or NT A, N, or NT
415 485 415 485
205 250 205 250
24 22 24 22
35 30 35 35
ASTM A 27/A 27M 95
STEEL CASTINGS, CARBON, FOR GENERAL APPLICATION This specification covers carbon steel castings for general applications that require up to 70 ksi (485 Mpa) minimum tensile strength.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT GradeA Heat Treatment

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) CB MnB P S Si NiC CrC MoC OtherC
N-1 0.25 N-2 A, N, NT, or QT 0.35 U-60-30 [415-205] 60 415 30 205 22 30 0.60 0.05 0.06 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.25 Cu 0.50 0.75 0.05 0.06 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.25 Cu 0.50
0.25 0.75 0.05 0.06 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.25 Cu 0.50 60-30 A, N, NT, or QT 60 415 30 205 24 35 [415-205] J03000 0.30 0.60 0.05 0.06 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.25 Cu 0.50 65-35 A, N, NT, or QT 65 450 35 240 24 35 [450-240] J03001 0.30 0.70 0.05 0.06 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.25 Cu 0.50 70-36 A, N, NT, or QT 70 485 36 250 22 30 [485-250] J03501 0.35 0.70 0.05 0.06 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.25 Cu 0.50 70-40 A, N, NT, or QT 70 485 40 275 22 30 [485-275] J02501 0.25 1.20 0.05 0.06 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.25 Cu 0.50 A Specify Class 1 (post weld heat treatment required) or Class 2 (no PWHT needed) in addition to grade designation B For each reduction of 0.01% carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04% manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximum of 1.40% for grades 70-40 and 1.00% for other grades C Supplementary requirement not required unless stipulated by customer - maximum content of unspecified elements; total maximum content of unspecified elements is 1.00%
ASTM A 148/A 148M 93b
STEEL CASTINGS, HIGH STRENGTH, FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES This specification covers carbon steel and alloy steel castings that are to be subjected to higher mechanical stresses than those covered in Specification A 27/A 27M.
ASTM A 148/A 148M Continued

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) Elong Red A Other TestsA
MPa % % Impact
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) CB MnB P S SiB Ni Cr Mo Other
80-40 [550-275] 80-50 [550-345] 90-60 [620-415] 105-85 [725-585] J31575 115-95 [795-655] 130-115 [895-795] 135-125 [930-860] 150-135 [1035-930] 160-145 [1105-1000] 165-150 [1140-1035]
A, N, NT, or QT
80
550
40
275
18
30 0.05 0.06
A, N, NT, or QT
80
550
50
345
22
35 0.05 0.06
A, N, NT, or QT
90
620
60
415
20
40 0.05 0.06
A, N, NT, or QT
105
725
85
585
17
35 0.05 0.06
A, N, NT, or QT
115
795
95
655
14
30 0.05 0.06
A, N, NT, or QT
130
895
115
795
11
25 0.05 0.06
A, N, NT, or QT
135
930
125
860
22 0.05 0.06
A, N, NT, or QT
150
1035
135
930
18 0.05 0.06
A, N, NT, or QT
160
1105
145
1000
12 0.05 0.06
A, N, NT, or QT
165
1140
150
1035
20 0.05 0.020
165-150L A, N, NT, or QT [1140-1035L] 210-180 [1450-1240] A, N, NT, or QT
165
1140
150
1035
20
20 ft-lb [27 J] 0.05 0.020
210
1450
180
1240
15 0.05 0.020 0.020
210-180L A, N, NT, or QT [1450-1240L] 260-210 [1795-1450] A, N, NT, or QT
210
1450
180
1240
15
15 ft-lb [20 J] 0.05
260
1795
210
1450
6 0.05 0.020
260-210L A, N, NT, or QT [1795-1450L]

A Impact
260
1795
210
1450
6 ft-lb [8 J] 0.05 0.020
requirements are only applicable to the L grades; test at 40 F [40 C] B Alloying elements shall be selected by the manufacturer unless otherwise specified
ASTM A 216/A 216M 93

STEEL CASTINGS, CARBON, SUITABLE FOR FUSION WELDING, FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SERVICE
10
ASTM A 216/A 216M Continued This specification covers carbon steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, or other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service and of quality suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought-steel parts by fusion welding.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat TreatmentA
and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si NiE CrE MoE Other
WCA A, N, NT 60 415 30 205 24 35 J02502 85 585 0.25B 0.70B 0.04 0.045 0.60 0.50 0.50 0.20 Cu 0.30E V 0.03 WCB A, N, NT 70 485 36 250 22 35 J03002 95 655 0.30C 1.00C 0.04 0.045 0.60 0.50 0.50 0.20 Cu 0.30E V 0.03 WCC A, N, NT 70 485 40 275 22 35 0.045 0.60 0.50 0.50 0.20 Cu 0.30E V 0.03 J02503 95 655 0.25D 1.20D 0.04 A Quench and temper may only be applied if supplemental requirement S15 is specified B For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified maximum carbon content, an increase of 0.04% manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.10% C For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified maximum carbon content, an increase of 0.04% manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.28% D For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified maximum carbon content, an increase of 0.04% manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.40% E Total maximum content of residual elements is 1.00%, unless supplementary requirement S11 is specified
ASTM A 217/A 217M 95
STEEL CASTINGS, MARTENSITIC STAINLESS AND ALLOY, FOR PRESSURE-CONTAINING PARTS, SUITABLE FOR HIGHTEMPERATURE SERVICE This specification covers martensitic stainless steel and alloy steel castings for values, flanges, fittings, and other pressurecontaining parts intended primarily for high-temperature and corrosive service.

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.25 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.18 0.05 0.15 0.21 0.20 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.80 0.40 0.70 0.50 0.80 0.40 0.70 0.50 0.80 0.40 0.70 0.35 0.65 0.30 0.60 1.00 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.020 0.04 0.04 0.020 0.040 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.015 0.045 0.045 0.018 0.040 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.75 1.00 0.20 0.50 1.50 0.50AB 0.70 1.10 0.60 1.00 0.50AB 0.50AB 0.50AB 0.50AB 0.50AB 0.40 1.00 0.35AB 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.90 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.75 1.00 1.50 4.00 6.50 8.00 10.00 8.0 9.5 11.5 14.0 0.45 0.65 0.45 0.65 0.90 1.20 0.45 0.65 0.90 1.20 0.45 0.65 0.45 0.65 0.90 1.20 0.85 1.05 0.50 Cu 0.50AB W 0.10 AB Cu 0.50AC W 0.10 AC Cu 0.50 AC W 0.10 AC Cu 0.50 AB W 0.10 AB Cu 0.50 AB W 0.10 AB
Cu 0.35 AB V 0.03 AB AI 0.01 AB
WC1 NT 1100F [595C] 65 450 35 240 J12524 90 620 WC4 NT 1100F [595C] 70 485 40 275 J12082 95 655 WC5 NT 1100F [595C] 70 485 40 275 J22000 95 655 WC6 NT 1100F [595C] 70 485 40 275 J12072 95 655 WC9 NT 1250F [675C] 70 485 40 275 J21890 95 655 WC11 NT 1250F [675C] 80 550 50 345 J11872 105 725 C5 NT 1250F [675C] 90 620 60 415 J42045 115 795 C12 NT 1250F [675C] 90 620 60 415 J82090 115 795 CI2A NT 1350F [730C] 85 585 60 415 J84090 110 760 CA15 NT 1100F [595C] 90 620 65 450 J91156 115 795 A Maximum specified residual elements B The total maximum content of specified residual elements = 1.00% C The total maximum content of specified residual elements = 0.60% Carbon and Alloy Specifications
24 20 20 20 20 18 18 18 20 18
35 35 35 35 35 45 35 35 0.20 45 0.12 30 0.15
Cu 0.50 AB W 0.10 AB Cu 0.50 AB W 0.10 AB

Cb 0.060 N 0.030 V 0.18 Cb 0.100 N 0.070 V 0.25A Al 0.040A
11
ASTM A 352/A 352M 93
STEEL CASTINGS, FERRITIC AND MARTENSITIC, FOR PRESSURE-CONTAINING PARTS, SUITABLE FOR LOWTEMPERATURE SERVICE This specification covers steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for lowtemperature service.

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % % ImpactA
LCA NT or QT 1100F 60 415 30 205 24 35 13(-25F) [18(-32)] 0.045 0.60 0.50C 0.50 C 0.20 Cu 0.30 C V 0.30 C J02504 [590C] 85 585 0.25B 0.70B 0.04 LCB NT or QT 1100F 65 450 35 240 24 35 13(-50) [18(-46)] J03003 [590C] 90 620 0.30B 1.00B 0.04 0.045 0.60 0.50 C 0.50 C 0.20 C Cu 0.30 C V 0.03 C LCC NT or QT 1100F 70 485 40 275 22 35 15(-50) [20(-46)] J02505 [590C] 95 655 0.25B 1.20 B 0.04 0.045 0.60 0.50 C 0.50 C 0.20 C V 0.03 C LC1 NT or QT 1100F 65 450 35 240 24 35 13(-75) [18(-59)] 0.50 0.45 J12522 [590C] 90 620 0.25 0.80 0.04 0.045 0.60 0.65 LC2 NT or QT 1100F 70 485 40 275 24 35 15(-100) [20(-73)] 0.50 2.00 J22500 [590C] 95 655 0.25 0.80 0.04 0.045 0.60 3.00 LC2-1 NT or QT 1100F 105 725 80 550 18 30 30(-100) [41(-73)] 0.55 2.50 1.35 0.30 J42215 [590C] 130 895 0.22 0.75 0.04 0.045 0.60 3.50 1.85 0.60 LC3 NT or QT 1100F 70 485 40 275 24 35 15(-150) [20(-101)] 0.50 3.00 J31550 [590C] 95 655 0.15 0.80 0.04 0.045 0.60 4.00 LC4 NT or QT 1050F 70 485 40 275 24 35 15(-175) [20(-115)] 0.50 4.00 J41500 [570C] 95 655 0.15 0.80 0.04 0.045 0.60 5.00 LC9 QT 1050-1175F 85 585 75 515 20 30 20(-320) [27(-196)] 8.50 J31300 [595-635C] 0.13 0.90 0.04 0.045 0.45 10.0 0.50 0.20 Cu 0.30 V 0.03 CA6NM NT 1050-1150F 110 760 80 550 15 35 20(-100) [27(-73)] 3.5 11.5 0.4 J91540 [565-620C] 135 930 0.06 1.00 0.04 0.045 1.00 4.5 14.0 1.0 A See original specification for full details units are in ft-lbs @ (F) and [J @ (C)] B For each reduction of 0.01% carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04% manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.10% manganese (Grade LCA), 1.40% manganese (Grade LCC), and 1.28% manganese (Grade LCB) C Specified residual elements the total content of these elements is 1.00% maximum
ASTM A 356/A 356M 98
STEEL CASTINGS, CARBON, LOW ALLOY AND STAINLESS STEEL, HEAVY WALLED FOR STEAM TURBINES This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders (shells), value chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.

and UNS

Ksi MPa Ksi
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.35A 0.70A 0.70A 0.70A 0.50 0.80 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.70 1.00 1.50 0.45 0.65 0.40 0.60 0.45 0.65
1 J03502 2 J12523 5 J12540 6 J12073
NT 1100F [595C] NT 1100F [595C] NT 1100F [595C] NT 1100F [595C]
70 65 70 70
485 450 485 485
36 35 40 45
250 240 275 310
20 22 22 22
35 35 0.25A 35 0.25A 35 0.20 12

and UNS

Ksi MPa Ksi
MPa % %
8 NT 1100F [595C] 80 550 50 345 18 45 0.50 0.20 1.00 0.90 V 0.05 J12073 0.20 0.90 0.035 0.030 0.60 1.50 1.20 V 0.15 9 NT 1100F [595C] 85 585 60 415 15 45 0.50 0.20 1.00 0.90 V 0.20 J21610 0.20 0.90 0.035 0.030 0.60 1.50 1.20 V 0.35 10 NT 1100F [595C] 85 585 55 380 20 35 0.50 2.00 0.90 J22090 0.20 0.80 0.035 0.030 0.60 2.75 1.20 V 0.18 Cb 0.06 N 0.03 12 NT 1350F [730C] 85 585 60 415 20 0.08 0.3 0.2 8.0 0.85 V 0.25 Cb 0.10 N 0.07 Al 0.04 J80490 0.12 0.6 0.02 0.01 0.5 0.4 9.5 1.05 CA6NM NT 1050F [565C] 110 760 80 550 15 35 3.5 11.5 0.4 J91540 0.06 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 4.5 14.0 1.0 A For each 0.01% reduction in carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04% points of manganese over the maximum specified for that element may be permitted up to 1.00%
ASTM A 389/A 389M 93
STEEL CASTINGS, ALLOY, SPECIALLY HEAT-TREATED, FOR PRESSURE-CONTAINING PARTS, SUITABLE FOR HIGHTEMPERATURE SERVICE This specification covers alloy steel castings, which have been subjected to special heat treatment, for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service.

and UNS

ksi MPa Ksi
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.04 0.04 0.045 0.045 0.60 0.60 1.00 1.50 0.80 1.25 0.45 0.65 0.90 1.20 V 0.15 V 0.25 V 0.15 V 0.25
C23 NT 70 483 40 276 18 35 0.20 0.30 J12080 0.80 C24 NT 80 552 50 345 15 35 0.20 0.30 J12092 0.80 A Refer to original specification for additional information regarding temperature and time requirements for heat treatment
ASTM A 487/A 487M 93
STEEL CASTINGS, SUITABLE FOR PRESSURE SERVICE This specification covers low-alloy steels, and martenistic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered condition suitable for pressure-containing parts. The weldability of the classes in the specification varies from readily weldable to weldable only with adequate precautions, and the weldability of each class should be considered prior to assembly by fusion welding.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT

Grade Class Austenitizing Media Quenching Temperature A Cool Below min, F [C] F [C] A 1600 [870] A 450 [230] B C 2 J13005 A B C 1600 [870] 1600 [870] 1600 [870] 1600 [870] 1600 [870] L A or L A L A or L 500 [260] 500 [260] 450 [230] 500 [260] 500 [260] Tempering TemperatureB F [C] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1150 [620] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1150 [620]
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (min. unless range given)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (max. percent unless range given)

Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Cu 1.00 0.04 0.045 0.80 Ni Residual Elements Cr Mo Mo+W 0.25 W V Total Residuals 1.00L
1 J13002
Tensile Yield Elong Red Hardness Thickness C StrengthH Strength Area (max) (max) Ksi Mpa ksi Mpa % % HRC (BHN) in [mm] 85 585 55 380 22 40 110 760 0.30 90 620 65 450 22 45 115 795 90 620 65 450 22 45 22 (235) 85 110 90 115 90 585 760 620 795 620 53 65 65 365 450 450 22 22 22 35 0.30 40 40 22 (235)
0.50 0.50 0.35
1.00 1.40
0.04
0.045
0.80
0.10 0.30
0.50 0.50 0.35
0.10 0.03 1.00
13

4 J13047 A B C D E 6 J13855 A B 7J J12084 8 J22091 A A B C 9 J13345 A B C D E 10 J23015 A B 11 J12082 A B 12 J22000 A B 13 J13080 A B 14 J15580 16 J31200 CA15 J91171 A A A B C D CA15M J91151 CA6NM J91540 A A B 1600 [870] 1600 [870] 1600 [870] 1600 [870] 1600 [870] 1550 [845] 1550 [845] 1650 [900] 1750 [955] 1750 [955] 1750 [955] 1600 [870] 1600 [870] 1600 [870] 1600 [870] 1600 [870] 1550 [845] 1550 [845] 1650 [900] 1650 [900] 1750 [955] 1750 [955] 1550 [845] 1550 [845] 1550 [845] 1600 [870]C 1750 [955] 1750 [955] 1750 [955] 1750 [955] 1750 [955] 1850 [1010] 1850 [1010] A or L L A or L L L A L L A L L A or L L A or L L L A L A L A L A L L A A or L A or L A or L A or L A or L A or L A or L 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 600 [315] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 600 [315] 600 [315] 600 [315] 400 [205] 500 [260] 500 [260] 500 [260] 600 [315] 400 [205] 400 [205] 400 [205] 400 [205] 400 [205] 200 [95] 200 [95] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1150 [620] 1150 [620] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1250 [675] 1250 [675] 1250 [675] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1150 [620] 1150 [620] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 1100 [595] 900 [480] 1100 [595] 1150 [620]DE 1150 [260]DE 1100 [595] 1050-1150 [565-620] 1225-1275 [665-690]
EF
90 115 105 130 90 100 115 115 120 115 85 110 105 100 90 105 90 100 115 100 125
620 795 725 895 620 690 795 795 825 795 585 760 725 690 620 725 620 690 795 690 860
60 85 60 75 95 80 95 100 55 85 75
415 585 415 515 655 550 655 690 380 585 515
18 17 18 17 15 18 12 15 20 17 17 18 16 18 17 15 18 15 20 17 20 17 18 17 14 22 10 18 18 17 18 15 17
40 0.30 35 35 35 35 30 25 30 35 30 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 0.30 35 35 35 35 35 35 0.30 35 30 0.55 35 0.12K 2.10K 1.00 0.02 0.040 0.02 0.040 0.50 1.50 25 0.15 30 35 35 30 0.15 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.04 0.040 0.03 0.65 1.00 35 0.06 35 23 (255)I 22 (235) 22 (235) 0.80 1.10 0.80 1.10 0.05 0.20 0.40 0.70 0.05 0.20 0.50 0.80 0.60 1.00 22 (235) 22 (235) 22 (235) 0.05 0.33 0.60 1.00 2.5 [63.5] 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.60 1.00 0.50 0.90 0.05 0.38 1.30 1.70 22 (235) 22 (235) 1.00 0.04 0.045 0.80
0.40 0.80
0.40 0.80
0.15 0.30
0.50
0.10 0.03 0.60
0.04
0.045
0.80
0.40 0.80
0.40 0.80
0.30 0.40
0.50
0.10 0.03 0.60
0.04 0.04
0.045 0.045
0.80 0.80
0.70 1.00
0.40 0.80 2.00 2.75
0.40 0.60 0.90 1.10
0.50 0.50
0.10
0.60M
0.10 0.03 0.60
60 85 60 75 95 70 100 40 85 40 85 60 85 95 40 110 130 65 60 75 65 80 75
415 585 415 515 655 485 690 275 585 275 585 415 585 655 275 760 895 450 415 515 450 550 515
0.04
0.045
0.80
0.75 1.10
0.15 0.30
0.50 0.50
0.10 0.03 1.00
0.04
0.045
0.80
1.40 2.00
0.55 0.90
0.20 0.40
0.50
0.10 0.03 0.60
70 484 95 655 105 725 130 895 70 485 95 655 105 725 130 895 90 620 115 795 105 725 130 895 120 825 145 1000 70 485 95 655 140 965 170 1170 90 620 115 795 90 620 100 90 115 110 135 100 690 620 795 760 930 690
0.04
0.045
0.60
0.70 1.10
0.50 0.80
0.45 0.65
0.50
0.10 0.03 0.50
0.04
0.045
0.60
0.60 1.00
0.50 0.90
0.90 1.20
0.50
0.10 0.03 0.50
0.04
0.045
0.60
1.40 1.75
0.20 0.30
0.50
0.40
0.10 0.03 0.75
0.04
0.045
0.60
1.40 1.75 1.00 1.40 1.00 11.5 14.0
0.20 0.30
0.50 0.20
0.40 0.20 0.10
0.10 0.03 0.75 0.10 0.02 0.50 0.10 0.05 0.50
0.50
0.50
1.0 3.5 4.5
11.5 14.0 11.5 14.0
0.15 1.0 0.4 1.0
0.50 0.50
0.10 0.05 0.50 0.10 0.05 0.50
1050-1150 [565-620]
G
AA
= air, L = liquid B Minimum temperature unless range is specified Carbon and Alloy Specifications 14

C Double
austenitize temper with the final temper at a lower temperature than the intermediate temper E Air cool to below 200F [95C] after first temper F Intermediate G Final H Minimum ksi, unless range is given I Test methods and definitions A 370, Table 3a does not apply to CA6NM the conversion given is based on CA6NM test coupons (for example, see ASTM STP 756) J Proprietary steel composition K For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified maximum carbon content, an increase of 0.40% manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted up to a maximum of 2.30% L V 0.04-0.12 M V 0.03-0.10, B 0.002-0.006, Cu 0.15-0.50
D Double
ASTM A 597 93
CAST TOOL STEEL This specification covers tool steel compositions for usable shapes cast by pouring directly into suitable molds and for master heats for remelting and casting.

and UNS

ksi MPa Ksi
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 4.75 5.50 11.00 13.00 11.00 13.00 0.35 3.75 4.50 3.00 3.50 4.75 5.75 4.75 5.75 0.40 1.00 0.90 1.40 0.70 1.20 0.70 1.20 0.20 0.80 4.50 5.50 1.20 1.60 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.75 V 0.20 V 0.50A V 0.40 Co 0.70 V 1.00A Co 1.00A V 0.35 Co 2.50 V 0.55 Co 3.50 V 0.35 V 1.25 W 5.50 V 2.20 W 6.70 Co 0.25
CA-2 0.95 T90102 1.05 0.75 0.03 0.03 1.50 CD-2 1.40 T90402 1.60 1.00 0.03 0.03 1.50 CD-5 1.35 0.40 T90405 1.60 0.75 0.03 0.03 1.50 0.60A CS-5 0.50 0.60 1.75 T91905 0.65 1.00 0.03 0.03 2.25 CM-2 0.78 T11302 0.88 0.75 0.03 0.03 1.00 0.25 CS-7 0.45 0.40 0.60 T41907 0.55 0.80 0.03 0.03 1.00 CH-12 0.30 T90812 0.40 0.75 0.03 0.03 1.50 CH-13 0.30 T90813 0.42 0.75 0.03 0.03 1.50 CO-1 0.85 1.00 T91501 1.00 3.00 0.03 0.03 1.50 A Optional element tool steels have found satisfactory application, either with or without the element present; if desired they should be specified with order
V 0.20 W 1.00 V 0.50 W 1.70 V 0.75 V 1.20 W 0.40 W 0.60 V 0.30
ASTM A 732/A 732M 98
CASTINGS, INVESTMENT, CARBON AND LOW ALLOY, FOR GENERAL APPLICATION, AND COBALT ALLOY FOR HIGH STRENGTH AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES This specification covers carbon and low-alloy steel castings made by the investment casting process.
15

and UNS

ksi MPa Ksi
MPa % % Stress RuptureB
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.45 0.35 0.45 0.45 0.55 0.45 0.55 0.30 0.20 0.60 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00 1.35 1.75 0.40 0.70 0.70 1.00 0.40 0.70 0.70 1.00 0.40 0.70 0.65 0.95 0.65 0.95 0.65 0.95 0.25 0.55 1.00 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.04 0.20 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.80 1.00 1.00 0.50C 0.50C 0.50C 0.50C 0.50C 0.35C 0.35C 0.35C 0.35C 0.35C Cu 0.50C Mo+W 0.25C Cu 0.50C W 0.10C Cu 0.50C W 0.10C Cu 0.50C W 0.10C Cu 0.50C W 0.10C Cu 0.50D W 0.10D Cu 0.50D W 0.10D 0.50C 0.50C 0.35C 0.35C 0.80 1.10 0.80 1.10 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.90 0.35C 0.80 1.10 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70 1.30 1.60 25 29 24.5 26.5 0.25 0.55 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.30
V 0.05 V 0.15 Cu 0.50C Mo+W 0.25C
1A J02002 2A J03011 2Q J03011 3A J04002 3Q J04002 4A 4Q 5N J13052 6N J13512 7Q J13045 8Q J14049 9Q J23055 10Q J24054 11Q J12094 12Q J15048 13Q J12048 14Q J13051 15A J19966 21 31
A Test
A A QT A QT A QT NT NT QT QT QT QT QT QT QT QT A as cast as cast
60 65 85 75 100 90 125 85 90 150 180 150 180 120 190 105 150
414 448 586 517 689 621 862 586 621 1030 1241 1030 1241 827 1310 724 1030
40 45 60 48 90 50 100 55 60 115 145 115 145 100 170 85 115
276 310 414 331 621 345 689 379 414 793 1000 793 1000 689 1172 586 793
24 25 10 25 10 20 5 22 20 7 5 7 5 10 4 10 7 HRB 100 max.
52A 55A
360A 380A
10 10
23.0 [160] 30.0 [205]
1.00 0.04 0.04 at elevated temperature, 1500F [820C] B Stress rupture test at 1500F [820C], stress units in ksi [MPa], the minimum rupture life is 15 hours with a minimum elongation in 4D of 5% C Total of unspecified elements is 1.00% D Total of unspecified elements is 0.60%
0.35 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.45 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.45 0.15 0.25 0.45 0.55 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.95 1.10 0.20 0.30 0.45 0.55
Cu 0.50C W 0.25C Cu 0.50D W 0.10D Cu 0.50C W 0.10C Cu 0.50D W 0.10D Cu 0.50C W 0.10C Cu 0.50C W 0.10C
V 0.15 Cu 0.50C Mo+W 0.10C W 0.10C
0.50C 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 0.50C 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70 0.50D 1.75 3.75 9.5 11.5
0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25
Cu 0.50C W 0.10C Cu 0.50C W 0.10C Cu 0.50D W 0.10D
5 6
Fe 3 B 0.007 Co remainder W 7 B 0.005 Co remainder W 8 B 0.015 Fe 2
ASTM A 757/A 757M 90
STEEL CASTINGS, FERRITIC AND MARTENISTIC FOR PRESSURE-CONTAINING AND OTHER APPLICATIONS, FOR LOWTEMPERATURE SERVICE
16
ASTM A 757/A 757M Continued This specification covers carbon and low-alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. All classes are weldable under proper conditions. Hardenability of some grades may limit useable section size.
And UNS

Ksi MPa Ksi
MPa % % ImpactB
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.30 1.00 1.20D 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.80 1.20 0.40 0.80 0.40 0.80 0.40 0.80 0.50 0.80 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50E 0.50 E 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 1.5 2.0 0.50 E 0.50 E 0.50 E 2.5 3.90 2.75 3.90 2.75 3.90 2.75 3.90 3.5 4.5 0.40 E 0.25 E V 0.30 E Cu 0.50 E 0.40 E 0.25 E V 0.30 E Cu 0.50 E 0.40 E 0.25 E V 0.30 E Cu 0.50 E 0.40 E 0.25 E V 0.30 E Cu 0.50 E 0.40 E 0.25 E 0.15 0.40 E 0.30 2.0 0.90 2.75 1.20 2.0 0.90 2.75 1.20 2.0 0.90 2.75 1.20 1.35 0.35 1.85 0.60 1.50 0.40 2.0 0.60 1.50 0.40 2.0 0.60 1.50 0.40 2.0 0.60 11.5 0.40 14.0 1.0 V 0.30 E Cu 0.50 E V 0.30 E Cu 0.50 E V 0.03 E Cu 0.50 E W 0.10 E V 0.03 E Cu 0.50 E W 0.10 E V 0.03 E Cu 0.50 E W 0.10 E V 0.03F Cu 0.50 F V 0.30 F Cu 0.50 F W 0.10 F V 0.30 F Cu 0.50 F W 0.10 F V 0.30 F Cu 0.50 F W 0.10 F Cu 0.50G W 0.10G
A1Q J03002 A2Q J02503 B2N, B2Q J22501 B3N, B3Q J31500 B4N, B4Q J41501 C1Q J12582 D1N1, D1Q1 J22092 D1N2, D1Q2 J22092 D1N3, D1Q3 J22092 E1Q J42220 E2N1, E2Q1
QT 1100F [595C] QT 1100F [595C] NT or QT 1100F [595C] NT or QT 1100F [595C] NT or QT 1050F [595C] QT 1100F [595C] NT or QT 1100F [595C] NT or QT 1100F [595C] NT or QT 1100F [595C] QT 1100F [595C]
65 70 70 70 70 75 85 115 95 125 105 135 90
450 485 485 485 485 515 585 795 655 860 725 930 620
35 40 40 40 40 55 55 75 85 65
240 275 275 275 275 380 380 515 585 450
24 22 24 24 24 22 20 18 15 22
35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 30 40
13(-50) [17(-46)] 15(-50) [20(-46)] 0.25D 15(-100) [20(-73)] 0.25 15(-150) [20(-101)] 0.15 15(-175) [20(-115)] 0.15 15(-50) [20(-46)] 0.25
C
0.20
C
0.20
C
0.20 30(-100) [41(-73)]
0.22 0.025 0.03 0.60 NT or QT 1100F 90 620 70 485 18 35 30(-100) [41(-73)] [595C] 120 825 0.20 0.020 0.020 0.60 E2N2, E2Q2 NT or QT 1100F 105 725 85 585 15 30 20(-100) [27(-73)] [595C] 135 930 0.20 0.020 0.020 0.60 E2N3, E2Q3 NT QT 1100F 115 795 100 690 13 30 15(-100) [20(-73)] [595C] 145 1000 0.20 0.020 0.020 0.60 E3N NT 1050-1150F 110 760 80 550 15 35 20(-100) [27(-73)] J91550 [565-620C] 0.06 1.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 A Refer to the original specification for additional information on toughness requirements and effective section size information B See original specification for full details units are in ft-lbs @ (F) and [J @ (C)] C Requirements shall be subject to agreements between the manufacturer and the purchaser D For each 0.01% carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04% manganese over the maximum specified will be permitted up to 1.40% E Total of residuals, including phosphorus and sulfur, is 1.00% F Total of residuals, including phosphorus and sulfur, is 0.70% G Total of residuals, including phosphorus and sulfur, is 0.50%
ASTM A 915/A 915M 93
STEEL CASTINGS, CARBON, AND ALLOY, CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS SIMILAR TO STANDARD WROUGHT GRADES This specification covers carbon and low-alloy steel castings having chemical analyses similar to that of the standard wrought grades.
17

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.18 0.23 0.22 0.28 0.28 0.34 0.37 0.44 0.43 0.50 0.28 0.33 0.38 0.43 0.28 0.33 0.38 0.43 0.18 0.23 0.23 0.28 0.28 0.33 0.40 0.80 0.40 0.80 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.40 0.80 0.70 1.10 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.60 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60
SC 1020 J02003 SC 1025 J02508 SC 1030 J03012 SC 1040 J04003 SC 1045 J04502 SC 4130 J13502 SC 4140 J14045 SC 4330 J23259 SC 4340 J24053 SC 8620 J12095 SC 8625 J12595 SC 8630 J13095
as cast, A, N, NT, or QT as cast, A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT
1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70
0.80 1.10 0.80 1.10 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.90 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.60
0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25
ASTM A 958 96
STEEL CASTINGS, CARBON, AND ALLOY, WITH TENSILE REQUIREMENTS, CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS SIMILAR TO STANDARD WROUGHT GRADES This specification covers carbon and low-alloy steel castings having chemical analyses similar to that of the standard wrought grades.

and UNS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given)

Tensile Requirements/Grade SuitabilityAC
65/35 70/36 80/40 80/50 90/60 105/85 115/96 130/115 135/125 150/135 160/145 165/150 210/180
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.18 0.23 0.22 0.28 0.28 0.34 0.37 0.44 0.43 0.50 0.28 0.33 0.38 0.43 0.40 0.80 0.40 0.80 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.40 0.80 0.70 1.10 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60
SC 1020 J02003 SC 1025 J02508 SC 1030 J03012 SC 1040 J04003 SC 1045 J04502 SC 4130 J13502 SC 4140 J14045
A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT A, N, NT, or QT
X X X XB XB XB XB
X X X X XB XB XB X X X X XB X X X X XB X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
0.80 1.10 0.80 1.10
0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25
18
ASTM A 958 Continued

and UNS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given)

Tensile Requirements/Grade SuitabilityAC
65/35 70/36 80/40 80/50 90/60 105/85 115/96 130/115 135/125 150/135 160/145 165/150 210/180
SC 4330 A, N, NT, or QT XB XB XB XB X X X X X X X X X 0.28 0.60 0.30 1.65 0.70 0.20 J23259 0.33 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.60 2.00 0.90 0.30 SC 4340 A, N, NT, or QT XB XB XB XB XB X X X X X X X X 0.38 0.60 0.30 1.65 0.70 0.20 J24053 0.43 0.90 0.035 0.040 0.60 2.00 0.90 0.30 SC 8620 A, N, NT, or QT XB XB X X X X X 0.18 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.15 J12095 0.23 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.60 0.70 0.60 0.25 SC 8625 A, N, NT, or QT XB XB X X X X X X X 0.23 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.15 J12595 0.28 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.60 0.70 0.60 0.25 SC 8630 A, N, NT, or QT XB XB X X X X X X X X 0.28 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.15 J13095 0.33 1.00 0.035 0.040 0.60 0.70 0.60 0.25 A X denotes that the properties may be achieved by at least one of the heat treatments for this specification B These grades are likely to significantly exceed the minimum strength levels; therefore, problems may be experienced when trying to produce castings to low hardness values C Tensile requirements for the different classes given in the table below TENSILE REQUIREMENTS Class 65/35 70/36 80/40 80/50 90/60 105/85 115/95 130/115 135/125 150/135 160/145 165/150 210/180 Tensile (ksi) 65 70 80 80 90 105 115 130 135 150 160 165 210 Tensile [MPa] 450 485 550 550 620 725 795 895 930 1035 1105 1140 1450 Yield (ksi) 35 36 40 50 60 85 95 115 125 135 145 150 180 Yield [MPa] 240 250 275 345 415 585 655 795 860 930 1000 1035 1240 Elong. (%) 24 22 18 22 18 17 14 11 9 7 6 5 4 Red. A (%) 35 30 30 35 35 35 30 25 22 18 12 10 8
FEDERAL QQ-S-681F
STEEL CASTINGS This specification covers mild-to-medium-strength carbon steel castings for general application as described in ASTM A 27 and high-strength steel castings for structural purposes as described in ASTM A 148.
Canceled May 20, 1985 use ASTM A 27 and ASTM A 148
ISO 3755
CAST CARBON STEELS FOR GENERAL ENGINEERING This International Standard specifies requirements for eight grades of heat-treated cast carbon steels for general engineering purposes. Four of the grades have a restricted chemical composition to ensure uniform weldability.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIESA (minimum unless range given) Grade Heat TreatmentB Tensile Strength Yield StrengthD ElongG Red A Other TestsG
and UNS ksi MPa ksi Mpa % % Impact (J)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONH, % (maximum percent unless range given) CI Mn P S Si NiJ CrJ MoJ OtherJ 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.60 0.40 0.35 0.15 Cu 0.40 V 0.05 0.60 0.40 0.35 0.15 Cu 0.40 V 0.05
200-400 200-400W C 230-450 230-450W C 270-480
400 550 400 550 450 600 450 600 480 630
200 200 230 230 270E
25 25 22 22 18
25 25 22 22 18
30 45 0.25 25 0.035 45 0.25 22 0.035 19 1.20 0.035 1.00 0.035
ISO 3755 Continued

GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIESA (minimum unless range given) Grade Heat TreatmentB Tensile Strength Yield StrengthD ElongG Red A Other TestsG
and UNS ksi MPa ksi Mpa % % Impact (J)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONH, % (maximum percent unless range given) CI Mn P S Si NiJ CrJ MoJ OtherJ
480 270E 18 18 22 630 0.25 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.60 0.40 0.35 0.15 Cu 0.40 V 0.05 340-550 550 340F 15 15 20 700 0.035 0.035 340-550W C 550 340F 15 15 20 700 0.25 1.50 0.035 0.035 0.60 0.40 0.35 0.15 Cu 0.40 V 0.05 A See original specification for additional details on mechanical properties B The type of heat-treatment is left to the discretion of the manufacturer, unless specifically agreed upon at the time of ordering C The W-grades restrict the chemical composition and may be ordered to ensure uniform weldability D If measurable, the upper yield stress, otherwise the 0.2% proof stress E The casting will have an upper yield stress of [260 Mpa] and a tensile strength of [500-650 MPa] in sections from [28 mm] up to [40 mm] F The casting will have an upper yield stress of [300 Mpa] and a tensile strength of [570-720 MPa] in sections from [28 mm] up to [40 mm] G By choice, according to the order H The choice of chemical composition in the non-weldable grades shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer I For each 0.01% reduction of carbon below 0.25%, an increase of 0.04% manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted, to a maximum of 1.20% for grade 200-400W and to 1.40% for grade 270-480W J Maximum content of residual elements, the sum of which shall not exceed 1.00%
270-480W C
ISO 4991
See original specification for details.
STEEL CASTINGS FOR PRESSURE PURPOSES
ISO 9477
HIGH STRENGTH CAST STEELS FOR GENERAL ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL PURPOSES This International Standard specifies requirements for four grades of heat-treated cast carbon and alloy steels for general engineering and structural purposes.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIESA (minimum unless range given) Grade Heat TreatmentB Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elong Red A Other Tests
and UNS ksi MPa ksi MPa % % Impact (J)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
410-620
620 410 16 40 20 770 0.035 540-720 720 540 14 35 20 870 0.035 620-820 820 620 11 30 18 970 0.035 840-1030 1030 840 7 22 15 1180 0.035 A See original specification for additional details on mechanical properties B The type of heat-treatment is left to the discretion of the manufacturer, unless specifically agreed upon at the time of ordering
ISO DIS 13521
AUSTENITIC MANGANESE STEEL CASTINGS This International Standard specifies austenitic manganese cast steels for wear resistant service. The grades covered by this International Standard will experience maximum service life in applications where the surface of the castings is subject to impact.
20
ISO DIS 13521 Continued

GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) Grade Heat Treatment Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elong Red A Other Testsc
and UNS ksi MPa ksi MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 1.05 1.35 0.75 1.35 0.90 1.05 1.05 1.35 1.05 1.35 1.05 1.35 1.05 1.35 0.70 1.00 1.05 1.35 6.0 8.0 11.0 14.0 11.0 14.0 11.0 14.0 11.0 14.0 11.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 13.0 15.0 16.0 19.0 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.070 0.060 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.30 0.90 0.30 0.90 0.30 0.90 0.30 0.90 0.30 0.90 0.30 0.90 0.30 0.90 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.90 0.90 1.20 0.90 1.20
GX120MnMo7-1 GX110MnMo12-1 GX100Mn13A GX120Mn13A GX120MnCr13-2 GX120MnCr13-3 GX120Mn17A GX90MnMo14 GX120MnCr17-2

A These B For
ST [1040 C] & WQ ST [1040 C] & WQ ST [1040 C] & WQ ST [1040 C] & WQ ST [1040 C] & WQ ST [1040 C] & WQ ST [1040 C] & WQ B as cast ST [1040 C] & WQ
1.50 2.50 3.0 4.0
1.00 1.80 1.50 2.50
grades are sometimes used for non-magnetic service castings with thicknesses less than [45 mm] and containing less than 0.8% carbon, heat treatment is not required C Bend test, hardness test, and microstructure shall be performed when agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer see original specification for more details
ISO WD 14737(c)
CAST CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS FOR GENERAL USE
Lloyds Register Rule 2.4.1
STEEL CASTINGS PART 2, CHAPTER 4, SECTION 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS This Sections gives the general requirements for steel castings intended for use in the construction of ships, other marine structures, machinery, boilers, pressure vessels, and piping systems.
Castings are to be made at foundries approved by LR. See the original specification for additional information such as general test samples, non-destructive examination, defective casting rectification, and identification of castings.
STEEL CASTINGS PART 2, CHAPTER 4, SECTION 2: CASTINGS FOR SHIP AND OTHER STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS The requirements for carbon-manganese steel castings intended for ship and other structural applications where the design and acceptance tests are related to mechanical properties at ambient temperature are given in this Section.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat Treatment Normal Special A, N, NT [550C], or QT [550] A, N, NT [550C], or QT [550]

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % % Impact
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo OtherB 0.23 0.70 1.60 0.70 1.60 0.040 0.035 0.040 0.035 0.60 0.60 CuE Al 0.015CD Al 0.080CD CuE
400 400
200 200
25 25
40 40 [27 J @ 0 C] 0.23 21
Lloyds Register Rule 2.4.2 Continued

A See original specification for full details on required mechanical tests - castings used in ship construction for the stern-frame, rudder, and propeller shaft supports are to be examined by ultrasonic and magnetic particle methods B For the Special grade, the nitrogen content is to be determined C The total aluminum content may be determined instead of the acid soluble content; in which case the total aluminum content is to be 0.020 0.10% D Grain refining elements other than aluminum may be used subject to special agreement with LR E Total of residuals is 0.80% maximum
STEEL CASTINGS PART 2, CHAPTER 4, SECTION 3: CASTINGS FOR MACHINERY CONSTRUCTION This Section gives the material requirements for carbon-manganese steel castings intended for use in machinery construction and which are not within the scope of Sections 4 to 7.

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) Elong Red A Other TestsB
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) CC Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.40D 0.40D 0.40D 0.40D 0.40D 0.40D 0.30D 0.30D 0.30D 0.30D 0.30D 0.30D 0.15D 0.15D 0.15D 0.15D 0.15D 0.15D Cu 0.30D Cu 0.30D Cu 0.30D Cu 0.30D Cu 0.30D Cu 0.30D
A, N, NT [550C], or 400 200 25 40 0.50 QT [550] 0.40 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 A, N, NT [550C], or 440 220 22 30 0.50 QT [550] 0.40 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 A, N, NT [550C], or 480 240 20 27 0.50 QT [550] 0.40 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 A, N, NT [550C], or 520 260 18 25 0.50 QT [550] 0.40 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 A, N, NT [550C], or 560 300 15 20 0.50 QT [550] 0.40 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 A, N, NT [550C], or 600 320 13 20 0.50 QT [550] 0.40 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 A Stress relief may be required depending on what type of part is cast; see original specifications for additional information B Non-destructive examination varies with the type of part that is cast; see original specifications for additional information C Castings which are intended for parts of a welded fabrication are to be of weldable quality with a carbon content generally not exceeding 0.23% D Total of residuals is 0.80% maximum
STEEL CASTINGS PART 2, CHAPTER 4, SECTION 4: CASTINGS FOR CRANKSHAFTS This Section gives the requirements for carbon and carbon-manganese steel castings for semi-built and fully built crankshafts.
22

A & FC to [300C], or NT [550C] & FC to [300C]

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % % Impact
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) CB Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.40 0.40C 0.40C 0.40C 0.40C 0.40C 0.30C 0.30C 0.30C 0.30C 0.30C 0.15C 0.15C 0.15C 0.15C 0.15C Cu 0.30C Cu 0.30C Cu 0.30C Cu 0.30C Cu 0.30C
0.50 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 A & FC to [300C], or NT 440 220 26 45 [28 J @ ambient] 0.50 [550C] & FC to [300C] 0.40 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 A & FC to [300C], or NT 480 240 24 40 [25 J @ ambient] 0.50 [550C] & FC to [300C] 0.40 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 A & FC to [300C], or NT 520 260 22 40 [20 J @ ambient] 0.50 [550C] & FC to [300C] 0.40 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 A & FC to [300C], or NT 550 275 20 35 [18 J @ ambient] 0.50 [550C] & FC to [300C] 0.40 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 A Each casting is to be examined by ultrasonic testing, and magnetic particle or dye penetrant examination is to be carried out over all surfaces B See original specification for full details on rectification of defective castings - weld repairs are not permitted if the carbon content exceeds 0.30% C Total of residuals is 0.80% maximum
400
200
28
45
[32 J @ ambient]
STEEL CASTINGS PART 2, CHAPTER 4, SECTION 5: CASTINGS FOR PROPELLERS This Section gives the requirements for cast steel propellers and propeller blades in carbon-manganese, low alloy and stainless steels. The requirements for copper alloy propellers and blades are given in Chapter 9.1.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat Treatment Carbonmanganese Low alloy A, N, or NT [550C]

Ksi MPa ksi
MPa % % ImpactB
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.25
0.50 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 0.40C 0.30C 0.15C Cu 0.30C A, N, or NT [550C] 440 245 20 25 [20 J 0.50 0.25 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 0.40C 0.30C 0.15C Cu 0.30C Martensitic A, N, or NT [550C] 540 380 19 20 [20 J] 0.50 stainless 0.25 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 0.40C 0.30C 0.15C Cu 0.30C Martensitic A, N, or NT [550C] 750 550 19 [30 J] 0.50 stainless 0.25 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 0.40C 0.30C 0.15C Cu 0.30C Austenitic A, N, or NT [550C] 450 180 35 35 0.50 stainless 0.25 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 0.40C 0.30C 0.15C Cu 0.30C Duplex A, N, or NT [550C] 590 370 20 35 [20 J] 0.50 stainless 0.25 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.60 0.40C 0.30C 0.15C Cu 0.30C A See original specification for full details such as non-destructive testing, rectification of defective castings, identification, and certification B When a general service notation Ice Class 1AS, 1A, 1B, or 1C is required the tests are to be made at [10 C]; however, for general service or where the notation Ice Class 1D is required the tests are to be made at [0 C]. C Total of residuals is 0.80% maximum
400
200
25
40
[20 J]
STEEL CASTINGS PART 2, CHAPTER 4, SECTION 6: CASTINGS FOR BOILERS, PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING SYSTEMS This Section gives the requirements for carbon-manganese and alloy steel castings for boilers, pressure vessels and piping systems for use at temperatures not lower than 0 C.
23

GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat Treatment Carbonmanganese Mo A, N, NT, or QT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) Elong Red A Other TestsA
Ksi MPa ksi MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.40B 0.40C 0.40C 0.40C 0.40C 0.30B 0.30C 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.75 0.30 0.50 0.15B 0.45 0.65 0.45 0.65 0.90 1.20 0.40 0.60 Cu 0.30B Cu 0.30C Cu 0.30C Cu 0.30C V 0.22 V 0.30 Cu 0.30C
485 275 22 25 0.50 655 0.25 1.20 0.040 A, N, NT, or QT 460 260 18 30 0.50 590 0.20 1.00 0.040 1Cr Mo A, N, NT, or QT 480 280 17 20 0.50 630 0.20 0.80 0.040 2Cr 1Mo A, N, NT, or QT 540 325 17 20 0.40 630 0.18 0.70 0.040 Cr Mo V A, N, NT, or QT 510 295 17 20 0.10 0.40 660 0.15 0.70 0.030 A See original specification for full details such as non-destructive examination and mechanical properties for design purposes B Total of residuals is 0.80% maximum C Residual element
STEEL CASTINGS PART 2, CHAPTER 4, SECTION 7: FERRITIC STEEL CASTINGS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE SERVICE This Section gives the requirements for castings in carbon-manganese and nickel alloy steels intended for use in liquefied gas piping systems where the design temperature is lower than 0 C, and for other applications where guaranteed impact properties at low temperatures are required.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat Treatment 400 Carbonmanganese 430 Carbonmanganese 460 Carbonmanganese 490 2Ni 490 3Ni
A See

Ksi MPa ksi
MPa % % Impact
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.25 0.70 1.60 0.70 1.60 0.70 1.60 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.80 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.80 0.80 0.80 2.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 0.25C 0.25C 0.25C 0.25C 0.15C 0.15C 0.15C 0.15C Cu 0.30C V 0.03C Cu 0.30C V 0.03C Cu 0.30C V 0.03C Cu 0.30C V 0.03C Cu 0.30C V 0.03C
N, NT, or QT N, NT, or QT N, NT, or QT N, NT, or QT N, NT, or QT
0.15 0.025 0.020 0.60 0.25C 0.15C original specification for full details B The test temperature for carbon-manganese steels may be [5 C] below the design temperature if the latter is above [55 C], with a maximum test temperature of [20 C] C Total of residuals is 0.60% maximum
400 550 430 580 460 610 490 640 490 640
200 215 230 275 275
25 23 22 20 20
40 [27 J @ -60 C]B 35 [27 J @ -60 C]B 0.25 30 [27 J @ -60 C]B 0.25 35 [34 J @ -70 C] 0.25 35 [34 J @ -95 C]
STEEL CASTINGS PART 2, CHAPTER 4, SECTION 9: STEEL CASTINGS FOR CONTAINER CORNER FITTINGS This Section gives the requirements for cast steel corner fittings used in the fabrication of freight and tank containers. The fittings are also to comply with the requirements of the latest edition of International Standard ISO 1161.
24

GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat Treatment N or QT [550C] MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) Elong Red A Other TestsA
ksi MPa ksi MPa % %
430 220 25 40 0.90 600 0.20D 1.50 0.035 0.035 0.50 0.30B 0.25B 0.08B Cu 0.20B Al 0.015C A See original specification for full details such as ultrasonic or radiographic non-destructive examination, repair of defects, identification, and certification B Total of residuals is 0.70% maximum C The total aluminum content may be determined instead of the acid soluble content; in such cases the total aluminum content is to be not less than 0.02% - aluminum may be replaced partly or totally by other grain refining elements as stated in the approved specification D The carbon equivalent must not exceed 0.45%
MIL-C-24707/1
CASTINGS, FERROUS, FOR MACHINERY AND STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS This specification covers steel castings for machinery and structural applications below 775 F where impact strength may be a consideration.
PREVIOUS SPECIFICATION MIL-S-15083B

(grade)
REPLACEMENT SPECIFICATION MIL-C-24707/1

ASTM specification (grade)
FEDERAL GRADE QQ-S-681F

EQUIVALENT GRADE MIL-C-24707/1

(CW) (B) (65-35) (70-36) (80-40) (80-50) (90-60) (100-70) (105-85) (120-95) (150-125)
A 27 (N-1) A 757 (A1Q) or A 216 (WCA) or A 217 (WC1) A 27 (N-2) A 757 (A1Q) or A 216 (WCA) or A 217 (WC1) A 27 (U60-30) A 757 (A1Q) or A 216 (WCB) or A 217 (WC1) A 27 (60-30) A 757 (A1Q) or A 216 (WCB) or A 217 (WC1) A 27 (65-35) A 757 (A1Q) or A 216 (WCB) or A 217 (WC1) A 27 (70-36) A 757 (A2Q) or A 216 (WCB, WCC) A 27 (70-40) A 757 (A2Q) or A 216 (WCC) A 148 (80-40) A 757 (A2Q) or A 487 (2 class A, B, C) A 148 (80-50) A 757 (C1Q) or A 487 (2 class A, B, C) A 148 (90-60) A 757 (E1Q) or A 487 (4 class A) A 148 (105-85) A 757 (E2N2/E2Q2) or A 487 (4 class B) A 148 (120-95) A 757 (E2N3/E2Q3) or A 487 (14 class A) Additional notes for specification are as follows; see original military specification booklet for further information, including Quality Assurance Provisions. The specified residual elements shall be determined for carbon steels. When no impact requirement is given, there shall be a requirement of 20 ft-lbs @ 10 F; except for deck applications, which shall meet a requirement of 20 ft-lbs @ -20 F. When specified, the stress relieving temperature shall be 50 F [30 C] but not more than 100 F [60 C] below the tempering temperature; mechanical properties shall be determined after the stress relief heat treatment.
A 757 (A1Q) or A 216 (WCA) A 757 (A1Q) or A 216 (WCA) A 757 (A1Q) or A 216 (WCB) A 757 (A2Q) or A 216 (WCB, WCC) A 757 (A2Q) or A 487 (2 class A, B, C) A 757 (C1Q) or A 487 (2 class A, B, C) A 757 (E1Q) or A 487 (4 class A) A 757 (E2N1/E2Q1) A 757 (E2N2/E2Q2) or A 487 (4 class B) A 757 (E2N3/E2Q3) or A 487 (14 class A) Special application only
MIL-C-24707/2
CASTINGS, FOR PRESSURE CONTAINING PARTS SUITABLE FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SERVICE This specification covers alloy steel castings for machinery, structural, and pressure containing parts for high temperature applications.
PREVIOUS SPECIFICATION
MIL specification (grade)

MIL-S-870B A 217 (WC1) MIL-S-15464B(SHIPS) (1) A 217 (WC6) MIL-S-15464B(SHIPS) (2) A 217 (WC9) MIL-S-15464B(SHIPS) (3) A 389 (C23) Additional notes for specification are as follows; see original military specification booklet for further information, including Quality Assurance Provisions. When specified, the stress relieving temperature shall be 50 F [30 C] but not more than 100 F [60 C] below the tempering temperature; mechanical properties shall be determined after the stress relief heat treatment. Carbon and Alloy Specifications 25
MIL-S-870B
STEEL CASTINGS, MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
Canceled January 27, 1989 use MIL-C-24707/2, grade WC1
MIL-S-15083B(NAVY)
STEEL CASTINGS
Canceled January 27, 1989 use MIL-C-24707/1
MIL-S-15464B(SHIPS)
STEEL ALLOY, CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM; CASTINGS
Canceled January 27, 1989 use MIL-C-24707/2
MIL-S-23008D(SH)
STEEL CASTINGS, ALLOY, HIGH YIELD STRENGTH (HY-80 AND HY-100) This specification covers grade HY-80 and grade HY-100 steel castings intended for critical structural applications where a weldable, notch-tough, high-strength material is required.

And UNS

ksi MPa Ksi
MPa % % Impact
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo OtherC 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60
HY-80A QT 1190F [643C] 80 552 20 35 B 0.55 2.75 1.35 J42015 99.5 686 0.20 0.75 0.014 0.008 0.50 3.25 1.60 HY-100A QT 1150F [621C] 100 690 18 30 B 0.55 3.00 1.35 J42240 120 793 0.22 0.75 0.014 0.008 0.50 3.50 1.65 A Chemical, tension test, Charpy V-notch, and drop-weight test shall be performed on the castings (see original military specification booklet for further information) B Impact requirements for material in cross-section greater than or equal to 1/2 [13 mm]: 50 ft-lbs [68 J] @ -100 F [-73 C], or 70 ft-lbs [95 J] @ 0 F [-18 C] C Element shall not be added intentionally
V 0.03 Ti 0.02 Cu 0.25 As 0.025 Sn 0.030 Sb 0.025
V 0.03 Ti 0.02 Cu 0.25 As 0.025 Sn 0.030 Sb 0.025
MIL-S-46052A(MR)
STEEL CASTINGS, HIGH STRENGTH, LOW ALLOY This specification covers high strength, low alloy, steel castings.
Canceled May 31, 1983 use ASTM A 148 as follows: for MIL class 180-150 use grade 165-150L, for MIL class 220-180 use grade 210-180L, and for MIL class 260-210 use grade 260-210L.
SAE J435c
AUTOMOTIVE STEEL CASTINGS These specifications cover steel castings used in the automotive and allied industries (last revised July 1974).
26
SAE J435c Continued

And UNS

ksi MPa Ksi
MPa % % Hardness (BHN)C
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.12 0.22 0.25E 0.30E 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.90 0.75E 0.70E 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.90 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.25 0.34 0.25 0.34 0.25 0.34 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.60 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF
0022 J01700 0025 J02507 0030 J03010 0050A J04501 0050BA J04501 080 090 0105B 0120B 0150B 0175B HA HB HC
A Properties
187 60 65 85 100 80 90 105 120 413.7 448.2 586.0 689.5 551.6 620.5 723.9 827.4 30 35 45 70 50 60 85 95 125 145 206.8 241.3 310.3 482.6 344.7 413.7 586.0 655.0 861.8 999.7 22 24 16 10 22 20 17 14 9 6 30 35 24 15 35 40 35 30 22 21 187 131 187 170 229 207 255 163 207 187 241 217 248 248 311 311 363 363 415
D
150 1034.2 175 1206.6 NQ 1650F, A 1600F NQ 1650F, A 1600F NQ 1600F, A 1550F
require a liquid quench and temper (casting section should be 1 or less) requirements when specified C Obtain from parts in location not over 3 thickness D HRC hardness per distance from quench (see original specification for full details) E For each reduction of 0.01% carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04% manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximum of 1% manganese F 0.003 0.007% B with 1.35% manganese maximum may be used as an optional alloying element when agreed upon
B Hardenability
27
SUMMARY OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGH ALLOY CAST STEELS
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code makes extensive use of ASTM specifications with slight modifications. For the sake of comparison the ASME specifications use the preface SA so that SA 351 is related to ASTM A 351/A 351M. However, while ASTM A 351/A 351M could be used for comparison of grades, the ASME SA 351 contained in Section II must be used when complying with the code. Cast stainless steels are most often specified on the basis of composition using the alloy designation system adopted by the Alloy Casting Institute (ACI). These ACI alloy designations, e.g. CF-8M, have been adopted by ASTM and are preferred for cast alloy over the corresponding wrought steel designation of the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). The reason for this is that the grades intentionally have different compositions than their wrought counterparts. The ranges of iron, chromium, and nickel for the cast alloy compositions most widely used are identified with a letter which is part of the ACI grade designation. The initial letter of the grade designation, C or H, indicates whether the alloy is intended primarily for aqueous corrosion service (C) or elevated temperature, i.e. heatresistant, service (H). The second letter of the ACI designation denotes the nominal chromium-nickel type. As the nickel content of the grade increases, the letter in the ACI designation increases from A (lowest) to Z (highest). Numerals following the letters relate to the maximum carbon content of the corrosion-resistant (C) alloys. When used with heat resistant grades (H), the numerals are the midpoint of a 0.10 carbon range. If additional alloying elements are included in the grade, they are denoted by the addition of a letter to the ACI designation. Thus, CF-8M is an alloy for corrosion resistant service of the 19% Cr and 9% Ni type with a maximum carbon content of 0.08% and which contains molybdenum. The CF grade alloys constitute the most technologically important and highest tonnage segment of corrosionresistant casting production. These 19Cr-9Ni alloys are the cast counterparts of the 18Cr-8Ni or AISI 300 series wrought stainless steels. In general, the cast and wrought alloys possess equivalent resistance to corrosive media and they are frequently used in conjunction with each other. Important differences do exist, however, between the cast CF grade alloys and their wrought AISI counterparts. Most significant among these is the difference in alloy microstructure in the end-use condition. The CF grade cast alloys are duplex ferrite-in-austenite and usually contain from 5 to 40% ferrite, depending on the particular alloy, whereas their wrought counterparts are fully austenitic. The ferrite in cast stainless with duplex structures is magnetic, a point that is often confusing when cast stainless steels are compared to their wrought counterparts by checking their attraction to a magnet. This difference in microstructures is attributable to the fact that the chemical compositions of the cast and wrought alloys are different by intent. Ferrite is present by intent in cast CF grade stainless steels for three reasons: to provide strength, to improve weldability, and to maximize resistance to corrosion in specific environments. Below is a list of high alloy cast steel specifications, with summary details on the following pages. Note that the values given in the summary of the specifications are stated with either U.S. Conventional Units (USCS) or Metric (SI) units, and are to be regarded separately. Units given in brackets are SI units. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents (soft conversion); therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems, by using conversion equations (hard conversion), may result in nonconformance with the specification. Also note that the values in the table are given in a minimum over maximum format. This means that if the value is a minimum it will be listed in the upper portion of the specifications table row and in the lower portion of the row if it is a maximum value. Finally, note that tables and their footnotes may be split across two or more pages.
High Alloy Specifications
28
ASTM A 128/A128M 93 ASTM A 297/A 297M 97 ASTM A 447/A 447M 93 ASTM A 494/A 494M 98 ASTM A 560/A 560M 93 ASTM A 743/A 743M 98 ASTM A 744/A 744M 98 ASTM A 747/A 747M 93 ASTM A 890/A 890M 97 ASTM A 990 98 ISO 11972 ISO DIS 11973 ISO 12725 Lloyds Register Rule 2.4.8 MIL-C-24707/3 MIL-C-24707/6
Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy Castings, Chromium-Nickel Alloy Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic) for General Application Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for Pressure Retaining Parts for Corrosive Service Corrosion-resistant cast steels for general applications Heat-resistant cast steels for general purposes Nickel and nickel alloy castings Steel Castings part 2, chapter 4, section 8: Austenitic stainless steel castings Castings, Ferrous, Corrosion-Resistant, Austenitic, Chromium-Nickel Castings, Ferrous, Chromium Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for High-Temperature
29
ASTM A 128/A128M 93
STEEL CASTINGS, AUSTENITIC MANGANESE This specification covers Hadfield austenitic manganese steel castings and alloy modifications.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT GradeAB Heat Treatment

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % %
A Q 1800F [1000C] 1.05 11.0 J91109 1.35 0.07 1.00 B-1 Q 1800F [1000C] 0.9 11.5 J91119 1.05 14.0 0.07 1.00 B-2 Q 1800F [1000C] 1.05 11.5 J91129 1.2 14.0 0.07 1.00 B-3 Q 1800F [1000C] 1.12 11.5 J91139 1.28 14.0 0.07 1.00 B-4 Q 1800F [1000C] 1.2 11.5 J91149 1.35 14.0 0.07 1.00 C Q 1800F [1000C] 1.05 11.5 1.5 J91309 1.35 14.0 0.07 1.00 2.5 D Q 1800F [1000C] 0.7 11.5 3.0 J91459 1.3 14.0 0.07 1.00 4.0 E-1 Q 1800F [1000C] 0.7 11.5 0.9 J91249 1.3 14.0 0.07 1.00 1.2 E-2 Q 1800F [1000C] 1.05 11.5 1.8 J91339 1.45 14.0 0.07 1.00 2.1 F Q 1800F [1000C] 1.05 6.0 0.9 J91340 1.35 8.0 0.07 1.00 1.2 A Section size precludes the use of all grades and the producer should be consulted as to grades practically obtainable for a particular design required - final selection shall be by mutual agreement between manufacturer and purchaser B Unless otherwise specified, Grade A will be supplied
ASTM A 297/A 297M 97
STEEL CASTINGS, IRON-CHROMIUM AND IRON-CHROMIUM-NICKEL, HEAT RESISTANT, FOR GENERAL APPLICATION This specification covers iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings for heat-resistant service. The grades covered by this specification are general purpose alloys and no attempt has been made to include heat-resisting alloys used for special production application.

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) ElongB Red A Other Tests
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr MoC Other 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.60 0.20 0.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 8.00 12.0 11.0 14.0 14.0 18.0 18.0 22.0 8.00 11.0 18.0 23.0 24.0 28.0 26.0 30.0 24.0 28.0 26.0 30.0 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
HF J92603 HH J93503 HI J94003 HK J94224 HE J93403
70 75 70 65 85
485 515 485 450 585
35 35 35 35 40
240 240 240 240 275
25 10 10 10 9
30

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) ElongB Red A Other Tests
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr MoC Other 15.0 19.0 17.0 21.0 10.0 14.0 15.0 19.0 26.0 30.0 26.0 30.0 28.0 32.0 19.0 23.0 24 28 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
HT 65 450 4 0.35 33.0 N08605 0.75 2.00 0.04 0.04 2.50 37.0 HU 65 450 4 0.35 37.0 N08004 0.75 2.00 0.04 0.04 2.50 41.0 HW 60 415 0.35 58.0 N08001 0.75 2.00 0.04 0.04 2.50 62.0 HX 60 415 0.35 64.0 N06006 0.75 2.00 0.04 0.04 2.50 68.0 HC 55 380 J92605 0.50 1.00 0.04 0.04 2.00 4.00 HD 75 515 35 240 8 4.00 J93005 0.50 1.50 0.04 0.04 2.00 7.00 HL 65 450 35 240 10 0.20 18.0 N08604 0.60 2.00 0.04 0.04 2.00 22.0 HN 63 435 8 0.20 23.0 J94213 0.60 2.00 0.04 0.04 2.00 27.0 HP 62.5 430 34 235 4.5 0.35 33 N08705 0.75 2.00 0.04 0.04 2.50 37 A As-cast or as agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser B When ICI test bars are used in tensile tests as provided for in this specification, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4:1 C Castings having a specified molybdenum range agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser may also be furnished under these specifications
ASTM A 351/A 351M 94a
CASTINGS, AUSTENITIC, AUSTENITIC-FERRITIC (DUPLEX), FOR PRESSURE-CONTAINING PARTS This specification covers austenitic and austenitic-ferritic (duplex) steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressurecontaining parts.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat TreatmentB

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) ElongD Red A Other Tests
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.03 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 2.00 8.0 12.0 8.0 12.0 8.0 11.0 8.0 11.0 9.0 13.0 9.0 13.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 13.0 9.0 12.0 17.0 21.0 17.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 17.0 21.0 17.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 17.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 0.50
CF3 J92500 CF3AA J92800 CF8 J92600 CF8AA J92600 CF3M J92800 CF3MAA J92800 CF8M J92900 CF3MN CF8C
ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST
70 77 70 77 70 80 70 75 70
485 530 485 530 485 550 485 515 485
30 35 30 35 30 37 30 37 30
205 35.0 240 35.0 0.03 205 35.0 0.08 240 35.0 0.08 205 30.0 0.03 255 30.0 0.03 205 30.0 0.08 255 35.0 0.03 205 30.0 0.08
N 0.10 N 0.20 CbF
31

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.04 0.10 0.04 0.10 0.08 0.04 0.10 0.04 0.20 0.04 0.20 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.45 0.25 0.35 0.10 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 2.00 1.50 1.50 2.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 6.00 1.50 7.00 9.00 0.15 1.50 1.20 1.50 1.50 1.00 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.04 0.060 0.030 0.045 0.040 0.04 0.030 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.010 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.04 0.030 0.03 0.010 0.040 0.04 0.025 2.00 1.50 1.50 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 2.50 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.50 3.50 4.50 0.15 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 8.0 11.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 15.0 12.0 15.0 12.0 15.0 19.0 22.0 19.0 22.0 19.0 22.0 33.0 37.0 13.0 16.0 27.5 30.5 23.5 25.5 4.75 6.00 8.0 11.0 11.50 13.50 9.0 13.0 8.0 9.0 31.0 34.0 17.5 19.5 8 11 9 13 6.5 8.5 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 22.0 26.0 22.0 26.0 22.0 26.0 23.0 27.0 23.0 27.0 23.0 27.0 13.0 17.0 15.0 18.0 19.0 22.0 20.0 22.0 24.5 26.5 22.5 25.5 20.50 23.50 18.0 21.0 16.0 18.0 19.0 21.0 19.5 20.5 23 26 18 21 24 26H 0.50 2.00 3.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.75 2.25 2.00 3.00 6.0 7.0 1.75 2.25 3.0 4.5 1.50 3.00 3.0 4.0
CF-10 J92590 CF-10M CH8 J93400 CH10 J93401 CH20 J93402 CK20 J94202 HK30 J94203 HK40 J94204 HT30 N08603 CF10MC J92971 CN7M CN3MN CD4MCuE CE8MN CG6MMN J93790 CG8M J93000 CF10SMnN CT15C CK3MCuN CE20N CG3M
ST ST ST ST ST ST as cast as cast as cast ST ST ST 2100F [1150C] ST 1900F [1040C]C ST 2050F [1120C]C ST ST ST as cast ST 2100F [1150C]C ST 2225F [1218C]C ST
70 70 65 70 70 65 65 62 65 70 62 80 100 95 85 75 85 63 80 85 75 100
485 485 450 485 485 450 450 425 450 485 425 550 690 655 585 515 585 435 550 550 515 700
30 30 28 30 30 28 30 30 28 30 25 38 70 65 42.5 35 42.5 25 38 40 35 65
205 35.0 205 30.0 195 30.0 205 30.0 205 30.0 195 30.0 240 10.0 240 10.0 195 15.0 205 20.0 170 35.0
0.07 260 35.0 0.03 485 16.0 0.04 450 25.0 0.08 295 30.0 0.06 240 25.0 0.08 295 30.0 170 20.0 260 35.0 0.025 275 240 450 30 0.20 25 0.03 CD3MWCuN ST 2010F [1100C] 25 0.03 0.10 0.05 0.15
CbG Cu 3.0 Cu 4.0 N 0.18 N 0.26 Cu 0.75 Cu 2.75 Cu 3.25 N 0.10 N 0.30 Cb 0.10 V 0.10 N 0.20 Cb 0.30 V 0.30 N 0.40
6.0 7.0 0.50 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0
N 0.08 N 0.18 Cb 0.50 Cb 1.50 N 0.18 Cu 0.50 N 0.24 Cu 1.0 N 0.08 N 0.20 Fe balance
N 0.20 Cu 0.5 W 0.5 N 0.30 Cu 1.0 W 1.0
32

A Because B ST
of thermal instability of Grades CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A, they are not recommended for service at temperatures above 800 F [425 C] = to be solution treated C Refer to original specification for additional information on heat treatment requirements D When ICI test bars are used in tensile tests as provided for in this specification, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4:1 E Because of embrittlement phases of Grade CD4MCu is not recommended for service at temperatures above 600 F [316 C] F Grade CF8C shall have a columbium content of not less than 8 times the carbon content but not over 1.00% G Grade CF10MC shall have a columbium content of not less than 10 times the carbon content but not over 1.20% H % Cr + 3.3% Mo + 16% N 40
ASTM A 447/A 447M 93
STEEL CASTINGS, CHROMIUM-NICKEL-IRON ALLOY (25-12 CLASS), FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings of the 25% chromium, 12% nickel class, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications up to 2000 F [1095 C]. The purchaser should inform the manufacturer when the service temperatures are to exceed 1800 F [980 C].

And UNS
Tensile StrengthBC Yield Strength ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) Elong Red A Other TestsDE
MPa % % Magnetic Permeability
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si NiF Cr Mo Other
I as cast 80 550 9 1.70 0.20 10.00 23.00 J93303 0.45 2.50 0.05 0.05 1.75 14.00 28.00 N 0.20 FeG II as cast 80 550 4 1.05 0.20 10.00 23.00 J93303 0.45 2.50 0.05 0.05 1.75 14.00 28.00 N 0.20 FeG A As agreed upon by manufacturer and purchaser B Properties after aging C Short term, high temperature tensile property requirements for the grades are as follows: Type I is to be agreed upon by manufacturer and producer, and Type II is to have a minimum of 20 ksi [140 MPa] tensile strength and a minimum elongation of 8% D The stress rupture test for the grades is as follows with the tensile stress being sustained for at least 16h: Type I at 5 ksi [34 MPa] and Type II at 8 ksi [55 MPa] E Refer to original specification for details; note that out of the four tests (tension after aging, magnetic permeability, stress rupture, and short time high-temperature) the purchaser shall specify no more than two tests F Commercial nickel usually carries a small amount of cobalt, and within the usual limits cobalt shall be counted as nickel G The manufacturer and purchaser may agree upon allowable limits of iron and other elements
ASTM A 494/A 494M 98
CASTINGS, NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOY This specification covers nickel, nickel-copper, nickel-copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel chromium, and nickelmolybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion resistant service.

And UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) ElongE Red A Other Tests
MPa % % Hardness (HBN)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 95 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 2.00 bal. 0.35 1.25 bal. 0.35 2.00 2.7 3.7 3.5 4.5 Fe 3.0 Cu 1.25 Cu 26.0 Cu 33.0 Fe 3.5 Cb 0.5 Cu 26.0 Cu 33.0 Fe 3.5 Cb 0.5 Cu 27.0 Cu 33.0 Fe 3.5 Cu 27.0 Cu 33.0 Fe 3.5
CZ-100 N02100 M-35-1A N24135 M-35-2 N04020 M-30H N24030 M-25SD N24025
as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast or agehardenedF
50 65 65 100
345 450 450 690
18 25 30 60
125 10.0 170 25.0 205 25.0 415 10 243 294B

C
bal. bal.
0.30 0.25
33

And UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) ElongE Red A Other Tests
M-30CA as cast 65 450 32.5 225 25 125 1.0 bal. Cu 26.0 Cb 1.0 N24130 150B 0.30 1.50 0.03 0.03 2.0 Cu 33.0 Cb 3.0 Fe 3.5 N-12MV ST 2000F [1095] 76 525 40 275 6.0 bal. 26.0 Fe 4.0 V 0.20 N30012 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.00 30.0 Fe 6.0 V 0.60 N-7M ST 2000F [1095] 76 525 40 275 20.0 bal. 30.0 N30007 0.07 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.0 33.0 Fe 3.0 CY-40 as cast or ST 1900F 70 485 28 195 30.0 bal. 14.0 N06040 [1040C] 0.40 1.50 0.03 0.03 3.00 17.0 Fe 11.0 CW-12MW ST 2150F [1180C] 72 495 40 275 4.0 bal. 15.5 16.0 Fe 4.5 V 0.20 W 3.75 N30002 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 17.5 18.0 Fe 7.5 V 0.40 W 5.25 CW-6M ST 2150F [1180C] 72 495 40 275 25.0 bal. 17.0 17.0 N30107 0.07 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 20.0 20.0 Fe 3.0 CW-2M ST 2150F [1180C] 72 495 40 275 20.0 bal. 15.0 15.0 N26455 0.02 1.00 0.03 0.03 0.80 17.5 17.5 Fe 2.0 W 1.0 CW-6MC ST 2150F [1180C] 70 485 40 275 25.0 bal. 20.0 8.0 Cb 3.15 N26625 0.06 1.00 0.015 0.015 1.00 23.0 10.0 Cb 4.50 Fe 5.0 CY5SnBiM as cast bal. 11.0 2.0 Bi 3.0 Sn 3.0 N26055 0.05 1.5 0.03 0.03 0.5 14.0 3.5 Bi 5.0 Sn 5.0 Fe 2.0 CX2MW ST 2200F [1205C] 80 550 45 280 30.0 bal. 20.0 12.5 Fe 2.0 W 2.5 N26022 0.02 1.00 0.025 0.025 0.08 22.5 14.5 Fe 6.0 W 3.5 V 0.35 CU5MCuC ST 2100F [1150C]F 75 520 35 240 20.0 38.0 19.5 2.5 Cu 1.50 Cb 0.60 N28820 0.050 1.0 0.030 0.030 1.0 44.0 23.5 3.5 Cu 3.50 Cb 1.20 Fe bal. A When weldability is needed, Grade M-35-1 or M-30C should be ordered B For information only C Minimum age-hardened 300 BHN D M-25S, while machinable in the as cast condition is capable of being solution treated for improved machinability; it may be subsequently age-hardened to the specified hardness and finished machined or ground E When ICI test bars are used in tensile tests as provided for per Specification A 732/A 732M, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4:1 F Refer to original specification for additional information on heat treatment requirements
ASTM A 560/A 560M 93
CASTINGS, CHROMIUM-NICKEL ALLOY This specification covers chromium-nickel alloy castings intended for heat resisting and elevated-temperature corrosion applications such as structural members, containers, supports, hangers, spacers and the like in corrosive environments up to 2000 F [1090 C].

And UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo OtherD bal. 0.10 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.00 bal. 0.10 1.00 bal. 0.10 0.50 48.0 52.0 58.0 62.0 47.0 52.0
N 0.30 Fe 1.0 Ti 0.50 Al 0.25 N 0.30 Fe 1.0 Ti 0.50 Al 0.25
Cb 1.4 Cb 1.7 N 0.16 N+C 0.20 Fe 1.00 Ti 0.50 Al 0.25
50 Cr-50 Ni R20500 60 Cr-40 Ni R20600
as cast as cast
80 110 80
550 760 550
50 85 50
340 590 345
50 Cr-50 Ni-Cb as cast R20501
A Heat treatment as agreed upon by manufacturer and purchaser B Impact, unnotched Charpy, 50 ft-lbs [78 J] minimum C Impact, unnotched Charpy, 50 ft-lbs [78 J] minimum D The total of the Cr, Ni, and Cb contents must exceed 97.5%
34
ASTM A 743/A 743M 98
CASTINGS, IRON-CHROMIUM, IRON-CHROMIUM-NICKEL, CORROSION RESISTANT, FOR GENERAL APPLICATION This specification covers iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel-alloy castings for general corrosion-resistant application. The grades covered by this specification represent types of alloy castings suitable for broad ranges of application which are intended for a wide variety of corrosion environments.

and UNS

ksi Mpa Ksi
Mpa % %
B
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.08 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 7.0 9.0 1.50 1.50 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.040 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.060 0.04 0.040 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.20 0.40 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.040 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.20 0.40 0.04 0.030 0.04 0.040 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.50 0.65 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 2.00 3.50 4.50 1.50 1.50 8.0 11.0 10.0 13.0 8.0 11.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 12.00 9.0 12.00 9 12 12.0 15.0 12.0 15.0 19.0 22.0 8.0 11.0 1.00 1.0 2.00 4.00 1.0 1.0 8.0 12.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 13.0 9.0 13.0 18.0 21.0 20.0 23.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 22.0 26.0 22.0 26.0 23.0 27.0 26.0 30.0 11.5 14.0 11.5 14.0 18.0 21.0 26.0 30.0 11.5 14.0 11.5 14.0 17.0 21.0 16.0 18.0 17.0 21.0 17.0 21.0
CF-8 J92600 CG-12 J93001 CF-20 J92602 CF-8M J92900 CF-8C J92710 CF-16F J92701 CF-16Fa CH-10 CH-20 J93402 CK-20 J94202 CE-30 J93423 CA-15 J91150 CA-15M J91151 CB-30 J91803 CC-50 J92615 CA-40 J91153 CA-40F J91154 CF-3 J92500 CF10SMnN J92972 CF-3M CF3MN J92804
ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1090C] ST 1900F [1090C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] NT or A NT or A N or A N or A NT or A NT or A as cast or ST ST 1950F [1065C] as cast or ST as cast or ST
70E 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 65 80 90 90 65 55 100 100 70 85 70 75
485E 485 485 485 485 485 485 485 485 450 550 620 620 450 380 690 690 485 585 485 515
30E 28 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 28 40 65 65 30
205E 195 205 205 205 205 205 205 205 195 275 450 450 205
35 35
0.12 30 0.20 30 30 25 0.16 25 0.16 30 0.10 30 0.20 30 0.20 10 0.30 18 18 30 30

C B
0.08
B
2.0 3.0 CbG Se 0.2 Se 0.35
0.08
1.50 0.4 0.8
0.15
C
0.15
C
0.50 0.15 1.00 CuH
0.30
C
70 70 30 42 30 37
485 485 205 290 205 255
15 12 35 30
25
0.50 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.40 0.03 0.10
0.50 0.5
N 0.08 N 0.18 2.0 3.0 N 0.10 N 0.20
30 35
0.03 0.03 35

and UNS

ksi Mpa Ksi
Mpa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.006 4.0 6.0 1.50 1.50 2.0 2.00 1.50 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.20 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.040 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.030 0.045 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.010 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.030 0.010 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.0 1.00 1.50 2.50 3.50 1.00 1.00 1.0 1.00 11.5 13.5 9.0 13.0 9.0 13.0 23.0 27.0 23.5 15.5 27.5 30.5 22.0 25.0 3.5 4.5 6.0 8.0 0.50 1.00 17.5 19.5 20.0 22.0 3.5 5.5 20.5 23.5 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 20.0 22.0 20.0 22.0 19.0 22.0 18.0 20.0 11.5 14.0 10.5 12.5 11.0 12.5 19.5 20.5 22.0 24.0 15.5 17.5 1.50 3.00 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.5 6.0 7.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 0.40 1.0 Cb 0.10 V 0.10 N 0.20 Cb 0.30 V 0.30 N 0.40
CG6MMN CG-3M J92999 CG-8M J93000 CN3M J94652 CN-3MN J94651 CN-7M CN-7MS CA-6NM J91540 CA-6N J91650 CA-28MWVF J91422 CK-3MCuN J93254 CK-35MN
ST 2050F [1120C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 2150F [1175C] ST 2100F [1150C] ST 2050F [1120C] ST 2100F [1150C] NT 1050F [565C] NT 1500F [815C] QT or A ST 2100F [1150C] ST 2100-2190F [1150-1200C] NT 1110F [595C]
85 75 75 63 80 62 70 110 140 140 80 83
585 515 520 435 550 425 485 755 965 965 550 570
42 35 35 25 38 25 30 80 135 110 38 41
290 240 240 170 260 170 205 550 930 760 260 280
30 25 25 0.08 30 0.03 35 0.03 35 0.07 35 0.07 15 15 10 35 0.025 35 35 50 24

C C B
0.03
N 0.18 N 0.26 Cu 0.75 Cu 3.0 Cu 4.0 Cu 1.5 Cu 2.0
0.06 0.06 0.20 0.28
0.035 2.0 0.035 0.020 1.00 CB-6 115 790 85 580 16 35 J91804 0.06 1.00 0.04 0.03 1.00 0.5 A Refer to original specification for additional heat treatment information B Supplementary intergranular corrosion test if specified by the customer C Supplementary requirement for hardness tests when desired by the purchaser D When ICI test bars are used in tensile tests as provided for in this specification, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4:1 E For low ferrite or nonmagnetic castings of this grade, the following values shall apply: tensile strength, min, 65 ksi [450 MPa]; yield point, min, 28 ksi [195 MPa] F These mechanical properties apply only when heat-treatment (1) has been used G Grade CF-8C shall have a columbium content of not less than 8 times the carbon content and not more than 1.0% - if a columbium plus tantalum alloy in the approximate Cb:Ta ratio of 3:1 is used for stabilizing this grade, the total columbium-plus-tantalum content shall not be less than nine times the carbon content and shall not exceed 1.1% H For Grade CB-30 a copper content of 0.90 to 1.20% is optional
0.90 1.25 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.8
V 0.20 W 0.90 V 0.30 W 1.25 N 0.180 Cu 0.50 N 0.240 Cu 1.0 N 0.21 N 0.32 Cu 0.40
ASTM A 744/A 744M 98
CASTINGS, IRON-CHROMIUM-NICKEL, CORROSION RESISTANT, FOR SEVERE SERVICE This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel-alloy, stainless steel castings intended for particularly corrosive applications.

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) ElongB Red A Other Tests C
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.08 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.00 2.00 2.00 8.0 11.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 12.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0
CF-8 J92600 CF-8M J92900 CF-8C J92710
ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C]D ST 1900F [1040C]
70E 70 70
485E 485 485
30E 30 30
205E 205 205
35 30 0.08 30 0.08
2.0 3.0 CbF
36

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) ElongB Red A Other Tests C
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.03G 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 2.50 3.50 8.0 12.0 9.0 13.0 9.0 13.0 9.0 13.0 27.5 30.5 22.0 25.0 23.5 25.5 4.75 6.00 17.5 19.5 17.0 21.0 17.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 19.0 22.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 24.5 26.5 19.5 20.5
CF-3 J92500 CF-3M J92800 CG-3M J92999 CG-8M J93000 CN-7M
ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C]D ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C]D ST 2050F [1120C]
70 70 75 75 62
485 485 515 520 425
30 30 35 35 25
205 205 240 240 170
35 30 0.03G 25 0.03 25 0.08 35 0.04
CN-7MS ST 2100F[1150C] 70 485 30 205 35 J94650 0.07 1.00 0.04 0.03 CN-3MN ST 2100F[1150C] 80 550 38 260 35 J94651 0.03 2.00 0.040 0.010 1.00 CD-4Mcu ST 1900F [1040C] 100 690 70 485 16 J93370 0.04 1.00 0.04 0.04 1.00 CK3MCuN ST 2100F [1150C] 80 550 38 260 35 J93254 0.025 1.20 0.045 0.010 1.0 A Refer to original specification for additional heat treatment information B When ICI test bars are used in tensile tests as provided for in this specification, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4:1 C Supplementary intergranular corrosion test if specified by the customer D For optimum tensile strength, ductility and corrosion resistance, the solution annealing temperature should be in excess of 1900 F [1040 C] E For low ferrite or nonmagnetic castings of this grade, the following values shall apply: tensile strength, min, 65 ksi [450 MPa]; yield point, min, 28 ksi [195 MPa] F Grade CF-8C shall have a columbium content of not less than 8 times the carbon content and not more than 1.0% - if a columbium-plus-tantalum alloy in the approximate Cb:Ta ration of 3:1 is used for stabilizing this grade, the total columbium-plus-tantalum content shall not be less than 9 times the carbon content sand shall not exceed 1.1% G For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, the observed or calculated value for carbon content shall be rounded to the nearest 0.01% in accordance with rounding method of Recommended Practice E29
2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 6.00 7.00 1.75 2.25 6.0 7.0
Cu 3.0 Cu 4.0 Cu 1.5 Cu 2.0 N 0.18 N 0.26 Cu 0.75 Cu 2.75 Cu 3.25 N 0.180 Cu 0.50 N 0.240 Cu 1.0
ASTM A 747/A 747M 93
STEEL CASTINGS, STAINLESS, PRECIPITATION HARDENING This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel-copper corrosion-resistant steel castings, capable of being strengthened by precipitation hardening heat treatment.

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.07 0.70 0.035 0.03 1.00 3.60 4.60 15.50 17.70 Cu 2.50 Cb 0.15B Cu 3.20 Cb 0.35B N 0.05C
CB7Cu-1 J92180
H-900A H-925A H-1025A H-1075A H-1100A H-1150A
170 175 150 145 135 125
1170 1205 1035 1000 930 860
145 150 140 115 110 97
1000 1035 965 795 760 670
5 5 9 9 9 10
375 375 311 277 269 269
37

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
H-1150M 310 H-1150DBL CB7Cu-2 J92110 H-900A H-925A H-1025A H-1075A H-1100A H-1150A H-1150M 310 H-1150DBL 310 mechanical properties are supplementary and are not required unless stipulated by the customer, see original specification for additional information B When the H900 condition is ordered, the minimum Cb shall not apply C To be determined and reported when specified by the order or contract
A All
170 175 150 145 135 125
1170 1205 1035 1000 930 860
145 150 140 115 110 97
1000 1035 965 795 760 670
5 5 9 9 9 10
310 375 0.07 375 311 277 269 269 0.70 0.035 0.03 1.00
4.50 5.50
14.0 15.50
Cu 2.50 Cb 0.15B Cu 3.20 Cb 0.35B N 0.05C
ASTM A 890/A 890M 97
CASTINGS, IRON-CHROMIUM-NICKEL-MOLYBDENUM CORROSION-RESISTANT, DUPLEX (AUSTENITIC/FERRITIC) FOR GENERAL APPLICATION This specification covers a group of cast duplex stainless steels (austenitic/ferritic).

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIESB (minimum unless range given) Elong Red A Other Tests
Mpa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.00 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 0.040 0.04 0.04 0.040 0.04 0.04 0.030 0.040 0.04 0.04 0.040 0.020 0.04 0.025 1.00 1.0 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 4.75 6.00 4.7 6.0 8.00 11.00 4.00 6.00 4.5 6.5 6.0 8.0 6.5 8.5 24.5 26.5 24.5 26.5 22.5 25.5 24.0 27.0 21.0 23.5 24.0 26.0 24.0 26.0 1.75 2.25 1.7 2.3 3.00 4.50 1.75 2.50 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 Cu 2.75 Cu 3.25 Cu 2.7 N 0.10 Cu 3.3 N 0.25 N 0.10 N 0.30 N 0.15 N 0.25 N 0.10 N 0.30 Cu 1.00 N 0.10 N 0.30 Cu 0.5 N 0.20 W 0.5 Cu 1.0 N 0.30 W 1.0
1A heat to 1900F 100 690 70 485 16 J93370 [1040C] 1B heat to 1900F 100 690 70 485 16 J93372 [1040C] 2A heat to 2050F 95 655 65 450 25 J93345 [1120C] 3A heat to 1950F 95 655 65 450 25 J93371 [1070C] 4A heat to 2050F 90 620 60 415 25 J92205 [1120C] 5A heat to 2050F 100 690 75 515 18 J93404 [1120C] 6A heat to 2010F 100 690 65 450 25 J93380 [1100C] A See original specification for additional details on heat treatment B Tensile requirement is a supplementary requirement, see original specification for additional details
38
ASTM A 990 98
CASTINGS, IRON-NICKEL-CHROMIUM AND NICKEL ALLOYS, SPECIALLY CONTROLLED FOR PRESSURE RETAINING PARTS FOR CORROSIVE SERVICE This specification covers iron-nickel-chromium and nickel alloy castings specially processed with restricted melt practices, weldability testing and nondestructive examination (NDE) requirements.

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % %
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other bal. 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.015 0.80 15.0 17.5 15.0 17.5 Fe 2.00 W 1.00
CW-2M
heat to 2250F 72 495 40 275 20.0 [1232C] A See original specification for additional details on heat treatment B See original specification for additional details on Nondestructive Examination Requirements
ISO 11972
CORROSION-RESISTANT CAST STEELS FOR GENERAL APPLICATIONS This International Standard specifies cast steels for general corrosion-resistant applications. The grades covered by this International Standard represent types of alloy steel castings suitable for broad ranges of application which are intended for a wide variety of corrosion applications.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) Grade Heat TreatmentA Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elong Red A Other Tests
and UNS GX 12 Cr 12 GX 8 CrNiMo 12 1 ksi Mpa ksi Mpa % % Impact (J)
Ruling Thickness (mm)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.15 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.03 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.8 1.8 3.5 5.0 3.5 5.0 4.0 6.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 12.0 8.0 11.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 12.0 11.5 13.5 11.5 13.0 11.5 13.0 11.5 13.0 15.0 17.0 17.0 19.0 17.0 19.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 17.0 20.0 17.0 20.0 17.0 20.0 17.0 20.0 17.0 20.0 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.5
A [950-1050C] & T [650-750C]
620 590 750 900 760 440 510 440 440 440 510 440 440 440
450 440 550 830 540 180 230 180 180 180 230 180 180 180
14 15 15 12 15 30 30 30 25 30 30 30 25 30
20 150 27 300 45 300 35 300 60 300 80 150 80 150 60 150 40 150 80 150 80 150 60 150 40 150 80 150
A [1000-1050C] & T [620-720C] GX 4 CrNi 12 4 (QT 1) A [1000-1100C] & T [570-620C] GX 4 CrNi 12 4 (QT 2) A [1000-1100C] & T [500-530C]
GX 4 CrNiMo 16 5 1 GX 2 CrNi 18 10 GX 2 CrNiN 18 10 GX 5 CrNi 19 9 GX 6 CrNiNb 19 10 GX 2 CrNiMo 19 11 2
GX 2 CrNiMoN 19 11 2
A [1020-1070C] & T [580-630C] ST [1050C] ST [1050C] ST [1050C] ST [1050C] ST [1080C] ST [1080C] ST [1080C] ST [1080C] ST [1120C]
N 0.10 N 0.20
Nb 8 x C Nb 1.00 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
N 0.10 N 0.20
GX 5 CrNiMo 19 11 2
GX 6 CrNiMoNb 19 11 2
Nb 8 x C Nb 1.00
GX 2 CrNiMo 19 11 3
39
ISO 11972 Continued

and UNS
GX 2 CrNiMoN 19 11 3
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.03 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.040 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.025 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 12.0 4.5 6.5 4.5 6.5 17.0 20.0 17.0 20.0 25.0 27.0 25.0 27.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 2.5 3.5 2.5 3.5 N 0.10 N 0.20
ksi
Mpa
ksi
Mpa
Impact (J)
Ruling Thickness (mm)
ST [1120C] ST [1120C] ST [1120C] ST [1120C]
510 440 650 650
230 180 450 450
30 30 18 18
80 150 60 150 50 150 50 150
GX 5 CrNiMo 19 11 3
GX 2 CrNiCuMoN 26 5 3 3
GX 2 CrNiMoN 26 5 3
A See
Cu 2.5 N 0.12 Cu 3.5 N 0.25 N 0.12 N 0.25
original specifications for additional information
ISO DIS 11973
HEAT-RESISTANT CAST STEELS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES This International Standard covers cast steels for heat resistant service.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) Grade Heat Treatment Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elong Red A Other Tests
and UNS GX 30 CrSi 7 GX 40 CrSi 13 GX 40 CrSi 17 GX 40 CrSi 24 GX 40 CrSi 28 GX 130 CrSi 29 GX 25 CrNiSi 18-9 GX 25 CrNiSi 20-14 GX 40 CrNiSi 22-10 ksi MPa ksi MPa % %
Hardness (HBN)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.20 0.35 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 1.20 1.40 0.15 0.35 0.15 0.35 0.30 0.50 0.25 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.35 0.60 0.05 0.12 0.30 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.50 2.00 1.20 2.00 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 1.20 1.00 2.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 8.00 10.00 13.00 15.00 9.00 11.00 23.00 25.00 11.00 14.00 19.00 22.00 3.00 6.00 18.00 22.00 30.00 34.00 34.00 36.00 6.00 8.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 19.00 23.00 26.00 27.00 30.00 27.00 30.00 17.00 19.00 19.00 21.00 21.00 23.00 23.00 25.00 24.00 27.00 24.00 27.00 25.00 28.00 19.00 22.00 19.00 23.00 16.00 18.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.50 3.00 0.50 0.50 Nb 1.20 Nb 1.80
Use Temp. (C)C
A [800-850C] or as cast A [800-850C]
750 300B 850 900 1050 1100 1100 900
A [800-850C]
300B
A [800-850C]
300B
A [800-850C]
320B
A [800-850C]
400B
as cast as cast as cast
450 450 450 400 450 450 400 400 440 420
230 230 230 220 220 220 250 320 170 220
15 10 900 8 950 4 1050 6 1050 6 1100 3 400 1100 1150 6 20 1000 6 980
GX 40 CrNiSiNb 24-24 as cast GX 40 CrNiSi 25-12 GX 40 CrNiSi 25-20 GX 40 CrNiSi 27-4

GX 40 NiCrCo 20-20-20
as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast
GX 10 NiCrNb 31-20 GX 40 NiCrSi 35-17
Co 18.00 W 2.00 Co 22.00 W 3.00 Nb 0.80 Nb 1.50
40
ISO DIS 11973 Continued

GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) Grade Heat Treatment Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elong Red A Other Tests
and UNS GX 40 NiCrSi 35-26 ksi MPa ksi MPa % %
Hardness (HBN)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.35 0.55 0.10 0.40 0.60 0.35 0.65 0.44 0.48 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.50 0.50 1.50 1.30 2.00 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.020 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.020 0.030 0.030 0.030 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 0.50 0.50 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 33.00 36.00 33.00 36.00 36.00 39.00 36.00 39.00 47.00 50.00 bal. 50.00 55.00 64.00 69.00 33.00 37.00 24.00 27.00 24.00 27.00 18.00 21.00 18.00 21.00 27.00 30.00 47.00 52.00 16.00 21.00 13.00 19.00 24.00 26.00 25.00 30.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Nb 1.20 Nb 1.80 W 4.00 W 6.00 Nb 1.4 Nb 1.7 N 0.16 N+C 0.20 Nb 0.80 Nb 1.80
Use Temp. (C)C
as cast
440 440 420 420 400 540 440 400 480

A
220 220 220 220 220 230 220 200 270

A
6 1050 4 1050 6 1050 4 1000 3 1200 8 1050 5 1100 3 1100 5 1200

A
GX 40 NiCrSiNb 35-26 as cast GX 40 NiCrSi 38-19
as cast
GX 40 NiCrSiNb 38-19 as cast

GX 45 NiCrWSi 48-28-5
as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast
GX 10 NiCrNb 50-50 GX 50 NiCr 52-19 GX 50 NiCr 65-15

GX 45 NiCrCoW 35-25-15-5
0.50 0.50
GX 30 CoCr 50-28
A Properties
1200 0.50 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.00 0.50 as agreed upon by manufacturer and purchaser B Maximum hardness in annealed condition castings may also be supplied in the as cast condition, in which case hardness limits will not apply C Maximum use temperature depends upon the actual use conditions and these values are being given only to aid the user; these are given for oxidising environments, the actual alloy composition will also affect performance
W 4.00 Co 14.0 W 6.00 Co 16.0 Co 48.0 Co 52.0 Fe 20.0
ISO 12725
NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOY CASTINGS This International Standard specifies requirements for nickel and nickel alloy castings. The grades covered represent types of alloys suitable for a broad range of application in a wide variety of corrosive and high temperature environments.
and UNS C-Ni99, HC C-NiCu30Si C-NiCu30 C-NiCu30Si3 C-NiCu30Nb2Si2 C-NiMo31 C-NiMo30Fe5 ksi MPa ksi MPa % % Hardness (HBN)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 95.0 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 2.00 bal. 0.35 2.00 bal. 0.35 1.25 2.7 3.7 1.0 2.0 1.00 bal. 0.05 1.00 bal. 0.02 1.00 1.0 21.5 23.5 bal. bal. bal. 0.03 1.0 30.0 33.0 26.0 33.0 6.0 8.0 Cu 1.25 Cu 26.0 Cu 33.0 Cu 26.0 Cu 33.0 Cu 27.0 Cu 33.0 Cu 26.0 Cu 33.0 Fe 3.0 Fe 3.5 Nb 0.5 Fe 3.5 Nb 0.5 Fe 3.5 Nb 1.0 Nb 3.0 Fe 3.5
as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast heat to [1095C] WQ heat to [1095C] WQ
345 545 450 650 450 690 890 450 525 725 525 725 550 750
125 205 170 415 225 275 275 220
10 25 25 10 0.30 25 0.30 6 20 30
Fe 3.0 Fe 4.0 V 0.20 Fe 6.0 V 0.60

Cu 1.5 Fe 18.0 Cu 2.5 Fe 21.0 W 1.50 Co 5.0 Nb+Ta 0.5
C-NiCr22Fe20Mo7Cu2 heat to [1095C] WQ
41
ISO 12725 Continued

and UNS C-NiCr22Mo9Nb4 C-NiCr16Mo16 ksi MPa ksi MPa % % Hardness (HBN)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other bal. 0.06 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.50 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 1.00 bal. 0.02 0.80 bal. 0.06 1.00 bal. 0.02 0.80 bal. 0.03 1.00 bal. 0.40 3.00 0.75 1.20 8.5 10.0 bal. bal. 1.0 20.0 23.0 15.0 17.5 15.5 17.5 20.0 22.5 17.0 20.0 14.0 17.0 19.5 23.5 8.0 10.0 15.0 17.5 16.0 18.0 12.5 14.5 17.0 20.0 Nb 3.2 Nb 4.5 Fe 5.0 Fe 2.0 Fe 4.5 Fe 7.5 Fe 2.0 Fe 6.0 Fe 3.0 Fe 11.0 Cu 1.5 Fe 28.0 Nb 0.70 Cu 3.0 Fe 32.0 Nb 1.00 Cu 2.0 Cu 4.0 W W W W W 1.00 3.8 V 0.20 5.3 V 0.40 2.5 3.5 V 0.35
heat to [1175C] WQ heat to [1175C] WQ
C-NiMo17Cr16Fe6W4 heat to [1175C] WQ C-NiCr21Mo14Fe4W3 heat to [1205C] WQ C-NiCr18Mo18 C-NiCr15Fe

C-NiFe30Cr20Mo3CuNb
485 685 495 695 495 695 550 495 695 485 685 450 650
275 275 275 280 275 195 170
25 20 4 30 25 30 25 0.05 300 0.12
heat to [1175C] WQ as cast, heat to [1040C] WQ heat to [930-980C] AC heat to [970-1000C] AC
2.5 3.5
C-NiSi9Cu3
A See
original specification for full details
STEEL CASTINGS PART 2, CHAPTER 4, SECTION 8: AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL CASTINGS This Section gives the requirements for castings in austenitic stainless steels for piping systems in ships for liquefied gases where the design temperature is not lower than 165 C, and in bulk chemical tankers.
GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat TreatmentA 304L

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % % Impact
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.03
0.50 0.20 8.0 17.0 2.0 0.040 0.040 1.5 12.0 21.0 304 480 220 26 40 [41 J @ -196 C] 0.50 0.20 8.0 17.0 0.08 2.0 0.040 0.040 1.5 12.0 21.0 316L 430 215 26 40 [41 J @ -196 C] 0.50 0.20 9.0 17.0 0.03 2.0 0.040 0.040 1.5 13.0 21.0 316 480 240 26 40 [41 J @ -196 C] 0.50 0.20 9.0 17.0 0.08 2.0 0.040 0.040 1.5 13.0 21.0 317 0.50 0.20 9.0 17.0 0.08 2.0 0.040 0.040 1.5 12.0 21.0 347 480 215 22 35 [41 J @ -196 C] 0.50 0.20 9.0 17.0 0.06C 2.0 0.040 0.040 1.5 12.0 21.0 A All castings are to be solution treated at a temperature of not less than [1000 C] and cooled rapidly in air, oil, or water B See original specification for full details such as non-destructive examination and intercrystalline corrosion tests C When guaranteed impact values at low temperature are not required, the maximum carbon content may be 0.08% and the maximum niobium may be 1.00%
430
215
26
40 [41 J @ -196 C]
2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 Nb 8 x C 0.90C
MIL-C-24707/3
CASTINGS, FERROUS, CORROSION-RESISTANT, AUSTENITIC, CHROMIUM-NICKEL This specification covers austenitic chromium-nickel alloy castings for corrosion-resistant and low magnetic permeability applications.
42
MIL-C-24707/3 Continued
MIL specification (class)

MIL-S-17509 (I) A 744 (CF-8) MIL-S-17509 (II) A 744 (CF-8C) MIL-S-17509 (III) A 744 (CF-8M) MIL-S-867 (I) A 744 (CF-8) MIL-S-867 (II) A 744 (CF-8C) MIL-S-867 (III) A 744 (CF-8M) Additional notes for specification are as follows; see original military specification booklet for further information, including Quality Assurance Provisions. Two different levels may be specified; level I has no magnetic restrictions and level II has low relative magnetic permeability. For all grades, supplementary requirements SZ1 (intergranular corrosion test) and SZ2 (tension test) of ASTM A 744 shall be mandatory. When type II is specified, the relative magnetic permeability of the castings shall not exceed 1.3 for first article and 1.6 for quality conformance tests; unless otherwise specified, the field strength shall be 0.5 oersteds for first article testing. Heat treat casting per ASTM A 744 except the minimum temperature shall be 1950 F. After all cleaning and machining, the casting shall be passivated in accordance with QQ-P-35.
MIL-C-24707/6
CASTINGS, FERROUS, CHROMIUM STEEL, FOR PRESSURE-CONTAINING PARTS SUITABLE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE This specification covers 12% chromium steel castings for high temperatures and for impact at low temperatures.
MIL specification (class)

MIL-S-16993 (1) A 217 (CA-15) MIL-S-16993 (2) A 487 (CA-15M, class A) Additional notes for specification are as follows; see original military specification booklet for further information, including Quality Assurance Provisions. ASTM A 757 grade E3N castings are intended for use where either CA-15 or CA-15M is used; grade E3N has better weldability, corrosion and erosion resistance, low temperature properties such as notch toughness, and improved soundness and casting characteristics. CA-15M castings shall be normalized and tempered only with a tempering temperature not less than 1100 F; a liquid quench shall not be used without the permission of the Command or agency concerned.
43
SUMMARY OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CENTRIFUGALLY CAST STEELS
Below is a list of centrifugally cast steel specifications, with summary details on the following pages. Note that the values given in the summary of the specifications are stated with either U.S. Conventional Units (USCS) or Metric (SI) units, and are to be regarded separately. Units given in brackets are SI units. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents (soft conversion); therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems, by using conversion equations (hard conversion), may result in nonconformance with the specification. Also note that the values in the table are given in a minimum over maximum format. This means that if the value is a minimum it will be listed in the upper portion of the specifications table row and in the lower portion of the row if it is a maximum value. Finally, note that tables and their footnotes may be split across two or more pages.
ASTM A 426 92 ASTM A 451 93 ASTM A 452 88 ASTM A 608 91a ASTM A 660 91a ASTM A 872 91 ISO WD 13585(c) Centrifugally Cast Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Cold-Wrought Pipe for High-Temperature Service Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubing for Pressure Application at High Temperatures Centrifugally Cast Carbon Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service Centrifugally Cast Ferritic/Austentic Stainless Steel Pipe for Corrosive Environments Centrifugally cast tube
Centrifugally Cast Specifications
44
ASTM A 426 92
CENTRIFUGALLY CAST FERRITIC ALLOY STEEL PIPE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE This specification covers centrifugally cast alloy steel pipe intended for use in high-temperature, high-pressure service.

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.25 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.15 0.15 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.80 0.30 0.61 0.30 0.70 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.65 0.30 0.80 0.30 0.61 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.70 1.00 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.10 0.50 0.10 0.50 0.75 1.00 2.00 0.25 1.00 0.60 0.50 0.15 1.65 0.50 0.60 1.50 0.44 0.65 0.44 0.65 0.45 0.65 0.45 0.65 0.90 1.20 0.44 0.65 0.44 0.65 0.44 0.65 0.80 1.06 0.90 1.20 0.50
CP1 NT, QT 1100F 65 450 35 J12521 [595C] CP2 NT, QT 1100F 60 415 30 J11547 [595C] CP5 NT, QT 1250F 90 620 60 J42045 [677C] CP5b NT, QT 1250F 60 415 30 J51545 [677C] CP9 NT, QT 1250F 90 620 60 J82090 [677C] CP11 NT, QT 1100F 70 485 40 J12072 [595C] CP12 NT, QT 1100F 60 415 30 J11562 [595C] CP15 NT, QT 1100F 60 415 30 J11522 [595C] CP21 NT, QT 1250F 60 415 30 J31545 [677C] CP22 NT, QT 1250F 70 485 40 J21890 [677C] CPCA15 NT, QT 1250F 90 620 65 J91150/71 [677C] A Minimum tempering temperature given B Hydrostatic test see original specification for further details
240 205 415 205 415 275 205 205 205 275 450
24 22 18 22 18 20 22 22 22 20 18
35 201 35 201 35 225 35 225 35 225 35 201 35 201 35 201 35 201 35 201 30 225
0.50 0.81 4.00 6.50 4.00 6.00 8.0 10.0 1.00 1.50 0.80 1.25
2.65 3.35 2.00 2.75 11.5 14.0
ASTM A 451 93
CENTRIFUGALLY CAST AUSTENITIC STEEL PIPE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE This specification covers austenitic alloy steel pipe for use in high-temperature, corrosive, or nuclear pressure service.

And UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % % Hydrostatic TestC
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.03 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 2.00 2.00 1.50 2.00 2.00 1.50 8.0 12.0 8.0 12.0 9.0 13.0 8.0 11.0 8.0 11.0 9.0 12.0 17.0 21.0 17.0 21.0 17.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 21.0
CPF3 J92500 CPF3AA J92500 CPF3M J92800 CPF8 J92600 CPF8AA J92600 CPF8M J92900
ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C] ST 1900F [1040C]
70 77 70 70 77 70
485 535 485 485 535 485
30 35 30 30 35 30
205 240 205 205 240
35 35 0.03 30 0.03 35 0.08 35 0.08
2.0 3.0
205 30.0 0.08
2.0 3.0
45

And UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % % Hydrostatic TestC
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.10 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50
CPF10MC
13.0 15.0 1.75 Cb 10 x C 16.0 18.0 2.25 Cb 1.2E CPH10 ST 2100F [1150C] 70 485 30 205 30.0 12.0 22.0 J93402 0.10 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 15.0 26.0 CPF8C ST 1950F [1065C] 70 485 30 205 30.0 9.0 28.0 Cb 8 x C J92710 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 12.0 21.0 Cb 1E CPF8C (Ta max)D ST 1950F [1065C] 70 485 30 205 30.0 9.0 18.0 Cb 8 x C 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 12.0 21.0 Cb 1 Ta 0.10 CPH8 ST 2100F [1150C] 65 448 28 195 30.0 12.0 22.0 J93400 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.5 15.0 26.0 CPK20 ST 2100F [1150C] 65 448 28 195 30.0 19.0 23.0 J94202 0.20 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.75 22.0 27.0 CPH20 ST 2100F [1150C] 70 485 30 205 30.0 12.0 22.0 J93402 0.20F 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 15.0 26.0 CPE 20N ST 2225F [1218C] 80 550 40 275 30.0 8.0 23.0 N 0.08 0.20 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 11.0 26.0 N 0.20 A The properties shown are obtained by adjusting the composition within the limits shown in the table to obtain a ferrite-austentite ratio that will result in the higher ultimate yield strengths indicated a lowering of impact values may develop in these materials when exposed to service temperature above 800 F B The pipe shall receive a solution treatment, ST, at the temperature shown with holding time 2 h/in of thickness [50.8 mm] for CPF10MC, CPF8C, and CPF8C (Ta max), and 1 h/in of thickness for all others, followed by quenching C Hydrostatic test see original specification for further details D No designation as yet assigned by ASTM or SFSA E Grades CPF10MC and CPF8C have a columbium plus tantalum content maximum of 1.35% F By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the carbon content of Grade CPH20 may be restricted to 0.10% maximum when so agreed, the grade designation shall be CPH10
ST 1950F [1065C]
70
485
30
205 20.0
ASTM A 452 88
CENTRIFUGALLY CAST AUSTENITIC STEEL COLD-WROUGHT PIPE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE This specification covers austenitic steel pipe made by the centrifugal casting process, subsequently cold worked, and given a recrystallizing anneal. Pipe ordered to this specification is suitable for use in high-pressure, high-temperatures services shall be suitable for bending and for other forming operations and for fusion welding. Selection will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature characteristics.

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) ElongD Red A Other Tests E
D
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.04 0.10 2.00 0.040 0.030 0.75 8.00 11.0 18.0 20.0
MPa
TP304H J92590
ST 1800F [980C]A
75
517
30
207 45LB 50LB 45TB 50TB 35LC 30LC 25TC 20TC
TP347H J92660
ST 2000F [1095C]A
75
517
30
207 45LB 50LB 45TB 50TB 35LC 30LC
0.04 0.10
2.00
0.040
0.030
0.75
9.00 13.0
17.0 20.0
Cb+Ta 8 x C Cb+Ta <1.00
46

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (minimum unless range given) ElongD Red A Other Tests E
D
MPa
25TC 20TC TP316H J92920 ST 1800F [980C]A 75 517 30 207 45LB 50LB 45TB 50TB 35LC 30LC 25TC 20TC
A Subsequent B For
0.040 0.10
2.00
0.040
0.030
0.75
11.0 14.0
16.0 18.0
to final cold working the pipe shall be heated to the temperature shown and then quenched sizes 8 in [203 mm] nominal OD and greater C For sizes less than 8 in [203 mm] nominal OD D For elongation and reduction of area values L = longitudinal and T = transverse tests E Additional tests required are: hydrostatic, flattening, magnetic permeability, and grain size
ASTM A 608 91a
CENTRIFUGALLY CAST IRON-CHROMIUM-NICKEL HIGH-ALLOY TUBING FOR PRESSURE APPLICATION AT HIGH TEMPERATURES This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel, high-alloy tubes made by the centrifugal casting process intended for use under pressure at high temperatures.

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % % Pressure Test
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.30 0.40 0.25 0.35 0.25 0.35 0.28 0.38 0.30 0.40 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.45 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.45 0.35 0.45 0.5 1.0 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 4.0 4 7 8 11 9 12 11 14 12 14 14 18 19 22 19 22 18 22 18 22 23 27 26 30 26 30 26 30 19 23 24 28 24 26 26 30 23 27 23 27 28 32 28 32 19 23 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
HC 30 J92613 HD 50 J92615 HE 35 J93413 HF 30 J92803 HH 30 J93513 HH 33A J93633 HI 35 J94613 HK 30 J94203 HK 40 J94204 HL 30 N08613 HL 40 N08614 HN 40 J94214
as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast as cast
47

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % % Pressure Test
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.60 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 33 37 37 41 58 62 64 68 15 19 17 21 10 14 15 19 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
HT 50 as cast N08050 HU 50 as cast N08005 HW 50 as cast N08006 HX 50 as cast N06050 A Manufacturing control should ensure that this composition contain a minimal amount of ferrite
ASTM A 660 91a
CENTRIFUGALLY CAST CARBON STEEL PIPE FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SERVICE This specification covers carbon steel pipe made by the centrifugal casting process intended for use in high-temperature, highpressure service. Pipe ordered under this specification shall be suitable for fusion welding, bending, and other forming operations.

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % %
WCA 60 414 30 207 24 35 J02504 0.25A 0.70A 0.035 0.035 0.60 WCB 70 483 36 248 22 35 J03003 0.30 1.00 0.035 0.035 0.60 WCC 70 483 40 276 22 35 J02505 0.25B 1.20B 0.035 0.035 0.60 A Heat treatment per design and chemical composition B Hydrostatic and flattening tests see original specification for further details C For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified maximum carbon content, an increase of 0.04% manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted to a maximum of 1.10% D For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified maximum carbon content, an increase of 0.04% manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted to a maximum of 1.40%
ASTM A 872 91
CENTRIFUGALLY CAST FERRITIC/AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL PIPE FOR CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTS This specification covers centrifugally cast ferritic/austenitic steel pipe intended for general corrosive service. These steels are susceptible to embrittlement if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.

and UNS

ksi MPa ksi
MPa % % Hardness (HBN / HRC)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other 0.030 0.030 2.0 2.0 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.030 2.0 2.0 4.00 6.00 5.00 8.00 20.0 23.0 23.0 26.0 2.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 N 0.08 N 0.25 N 0.08 N 0.25 Co 0.50 Co 1.50 Cu 1.00 Co 0.50 Co 1.50 Cu 1.00
J93183 J93550
WQ 1900-2100F [1050-1150C] WQ 1900-2100F [1050-1150C]
90 90
620 620
65 65
420 420
25 290 / 30.5 20 297 / 31.5
ISO WD 13585(c)
CENTRIFUGALLY CAST TUBE
48
SUMMARY OF STANDARD TEST METHODS FOR STEEL CASTINGS
Overview
Testing is required to ensure that the product will perform safely and economically in service. Excessive testing and overly stringent requirements increase the cost of the product without increasing value. On the other hand, insufficient testing or overly lax requirements are meaningless. Therefore, it becomes the task of the customer to decide what tests and requirements are necessary for his or her application. Mechanical properties and chemical compositional limits are generally the subject of ASTM material specifications. These must be controlled and tested in products ordered to those specifications. Consult the latest revisions of the ASTM Standards referenced in this document for more information.
Mechanical Testing
Background Mechanical testing is generally carried out in accordance with methods described in ASTM A 370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products. These methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of wrought and cast steel products. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. The test methods most often used in steel castings include tension testing, hardness testing, and impact testing. The mechanical properties are obtained from test bars and represent the quality of the steel from which the castings have been poured. The properties are not identical with the properties of the castings, which are affected by solidification rates and cooling rates during heat treating, which in turn are influenced by casting thickness, size, and shape. Tension Testing The tension test is the most uniformly applied test used to verify the mechanical performance of the material. The test results include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and reduction in area. The strength measurements are useful in determining the load bearing capabilities of the material. Ductility measurements give an indication of the ability of the material to undergo deformation. The tension test is used to verify that the mechanical performance of the material is consistent. Evaluating performance in service environments may require information of other material properties such as fracture toughness, fatigue, creep-rupture, etc. Hardness Testing Hardness testing is used as a quick estimation of strength and/or wear resistance. It is particularly useful in the control of heat treatment for carbon and low to medium alloy steels. The most commonly used method for determining hardness in steel castings is the Brinell Test. The Rockwell test uses a much smaller probe and when used on cast steels is subject to variations. Converting numbers must be done with care because the conversions from Brinell to Rockwell is not exact and varies somewhat depending on the actual alloy tested. Stainless cast steels, excluding martensitic grades, are treated for corrosion resistance, not to develop strength and the hardness does not relate to heat treatment. Impact Testing Impact testing gives the amount of energy absorbed by a material. A sample of the material is hit with a hammer that has a known energy. The difference in energy the hammer has after striking the material is the impact strength of the material. This provides a useful measure of toughness or resistance to sudden failure. For low temperature service this test becomes increasingly important because most steels become less tough as the
Test Methods 49
temperature decreases. Impact testing is an ASTM requirement in specifications for material used in low temperature service. The Charpy V-notch is the most commonly applied method.
Nondestructive Examination
Background Nondestructive examination testing is done to verify the mechanical integrity or soundness of the steel casting. It can be separated in to surface examination methods which include visual, liquid penetrant, and magnetic particle and subsurface or internal examination methods which include radiography and ultrasonics. Not only must a test method be chosen, but also an acceptance criterion must be applied. Acceptance criteria should be related to the service requirements because overly stringent criteria add directly to the cost. For critical service both surface and internal examination may be required to assure the attainment of the level of soundness specified. Visual Examination Equipment Required
Surface comparator Pocket rule Straight Edge Workmanship standards
Enables Detection of
Surface flaws cracks, porosity, slag inclusions, adhering sand, scale, etc.
Advantages
Low cost Can be applied while work is in process, permitting correction of faults
Limitations
Applicable to surface defects only Provides no permanent record
Remarks
Should always be the primary method of inspection, no matter what other techniques are required
ASTM A 802/A 802M 95
Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination Steel Casting Research and Trade Association (SCRATA) Comparator Plates for establishing mutually agreeable acceptance criteria for a specific part Visual examination of surface quality of steel castings Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Visual Method for Evaluation of Surface Irregularities)
SCRATA Comparators
ISO DIS 1197(a) MSS SP-55-1996
Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT) Equipment Required

Commercial kits, containing fluorescent or dye penetrants and developers Application equipment for the developer A source of ultraviolet light if fluorescent method is used
Surface discontinuities not readily visible to the unaided eye
Advantages
Applicable to magnetic, nonmagnetic materials Easy to use Low cost
Limitations
Only surface discontinuities are detectable
Remarks
ASTM A 903/A 903M 91
Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid Penetrant Inspection Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination Standard Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Examination Non-destructive testing Penetrant inspection General principles
ASTM E 165 95 ASTM E 433 71 ISO 3452
Test Methods
50
ISO 4987 MSS SP-93-1987(92)
Steel castings Penetrant inspection Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forginngs for Valves, Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Liquid Penetrant Examination Method)
Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) Equipment Required

Special commercial equipment Magnetic powders dry or wet form; may be fluorescent for viewing under ultraviolet light
Excellent for detecting surface and subsurface discontinuities to approximately below the surface especially cracks
Advantages
Permits controlled sensitivity Relatively low cost method
Limitations
Applicable to ferromagnetic materials only Requires skill in interpretation of indications and recognition of irrelevant patterns Difficult to use on rough surfaces
Remarks
Elongated discontinuities parallel to the magnetic field may not give pattern; for this reason the filed should be applied from two directions at or near right angles to each other
ASTM A 903/A 903M 91
Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid Penetrant Inspection Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination Standard Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous Castings Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination Steel castings Magnetic particle inspection Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Magnetic Particle Examination Method)
ASTM E 709 95 ASTM E 125 63
ASTM E 1444 94a ISO 4986 MSS SP-53-1995
All the surface examinations require severity levels to be set for acceptance. Methods of establishing severity levels by assigning numerical values to discontinuity attributes are illustrated in Figure 1 for the length of single linear discontinuities and arrays of aligned linear or nonlinear discontinuities. For nonlinear indications, acceptance criteria are typically expressed by limiting the major dimension of the indication, the length and width, or the area of the indication. Note, Figure 1 is an example and is not part of any acceptance standard unless agreed upon by the producer and buyer of steel castings.
Test Methods
51
Figure 1: Length measurement of linear discontinuities; linear arrays of linear and non-linear discontinuities
Figure 2: Area measurement; diameter or length, and width measurement of discontinuity arrays
Li, Wi, Di = Length, width, diameter of individual discontinuities, or clusters L, W, D = Length, width, diameter of discontinuity arrays d = Distance between discontinuities, or discontinuity clusters Linear discontinuity = Li 3Wi Linear array = L 5W Distance between discontinuities within an array = d < Limax, that is, d < Dimax Limax, Dimax = Largest length, or diameter of discontinuity, or cluster within an array
The ASME Code has methods and acceptance criteria in Section III and Section VIII. In Section VIII (nonnuclear) para. 9-103(a) and 9-230(a) no linear discontinuities are allowed. This is a classic example of overly strict requirements because it requires all discontinuities to be eliminated. In Section III (nuclear) para. NB-2545.3 and NB-2546.3 allow indications of 1/16. The nuclear section is actually easier to comply with because it does allow for some small indications without rework. The code contains high standards of quality, but these need not be used for all castings for all applications. Rather, the service conditions should be used to help choose appropriate levels of acceptance.
Test Methods
52
Radiographic Examination (RT) Equipment Required

Commercial x-ray or gamma units, made especially for inspecting welds, castings, and forgings Film and processing facilities
Internal macroscopic flaws cracks, porosity, blow holes, nonmetallic inclusions, shrinkage, etc.
Advantages
When the indications are recorded on film, gives a permanent record
Limitations
Requires skill in choosing angles of exposure, operating equipment, and interpreting indications Requires safety precautions Cracks difficult to detect
Remarks
Radiographic inspection is required by many codes and specifications Useful in qualification of processes Because of cost, its use should be limited to those areas where other methods will not provide the assurance required
ASTM E 94 93 ASTM E 142 92 ASTM E 446 93
Standard Guide for Radiographic Testing Standard Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing Standard Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to 2 in. in Thickness (3 Sets; X-rays, Iridium, Cobalt) Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-walled (2 to 4-1/2 in.) Steel Castings (3 Sets; X-ray, Gamma Rays, Betatron) Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-walled (4-1/2 to 12 in.) Steel Castings (2 Sets; X-ray, Betatron) Standard Radiographs of Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications Steel castings Radiographic inspection Non-destructive testing Radiographic examination of metallic materials by Xand gamma rays Basic rules Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Radiographic Examination Method)
ASTM E 186 93
ASTM E 280 93
ASTM E192 95 ISO 4993 ISO 5579
MSS SP-54-1995
Ultrasonic Testing (UT) Equipment Required

Special commercial equipment, either of the pulse-echo or transmission type
Sub-surface discontinuities, including those too small to be detected by other methods Especially for detecting subsurface, planar discontinuities
Advantages
Very sensitive Permits probing of joints inaccessible to radiography
Limitations
Requires high degree of skill in interpreting pulse-echo patterns Permanent record is not readily obtained
Remarks
ASTM A 609/A 609M - 91
Standard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination Thereof Steel castings Ultrasonic inspection Quality Standard for Ferritic and Martensitic Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Ultrasonic Examination Method)
ISO DIS 4992(a) MSS SP-94-1992
Test Methods
53
SPECIAL STANDARD PRACTICES
Ferrite Content
ASTM A 800/A 800M STEEL CASTINGS, AUSTENITIC ALLOY, ESTIMATING FERRITE CONTENT THEREOF This practice covers procedures and definitions for estimating ferrite content in certain grades of austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings that have compositions balanced to create the formation of ferrite as a second phase in amounts controlled to be within specified limits. Methods are described for estimating ferrite content by chemicals, magnetic, and metallographic means. The tensile and impact properties, the weldability, and the corrosion resistance of iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings may be influenced beneficially or detrimentally by the ratio of the amount of ferrite to the amount of austenite in the microstructure. The ferrite content may be limited by purchase order requirements or by the design construction codes governing the equipment in which the castings will be used. The quantity of ferrite in the structure is fundamentally a function of the chemical composition of the alloy and its thermal history. Because of segregation, the chemical composition, and, therefore, the ferrite content, may differ from point to point on a casting. Determination of the ferrite content by any of the procedures described in the following practice ASTM A 800/A 800M is subject to varying degrees of imprecision which must be recognized in setting realistic limits on the range of ferritic content specified. Sources of error include the following: 1. In Determinations from Chemical Composition Deviations from the actual quantity of each element present because of chemical analysis variance, although possibly minor in each case, can result in substantial differences in the ratio of total ferrite-promoting to total austenite-promoting elements. Therefore, the precision of the ferrite content estimated from chemical composition depends on the accuracy of the chemical analysis procedure. 2. In Determinations from Magnetic Response Phases other than ferrite and austenite may be formed at certain temperatures and persist at room temperature. These may so alter the magnetic response of the alloy that the indicated ferrite content is quite different from that of the same chemical composition that has undergone different thermal treatment. Also, because the magnets or probes of the various measuring instruments are small, different degrees of surface roughness or surface curvature will vary the magnetic linkage with the material being measured. 3. In Determinations from Metallographic Examinations Metallographic point count estimates of ferrite percentage may vary with the etching technique used for identification of the ferrite phase and with the number of grid points chosen for the examination, as explained in Test Method E 562. ISO WD 13520(c)
ESTIMATION OF FERRITE CONTENT IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL CASTINGS
Special Practices
54
Welding
ASTM A 488/A 488M STEEL CASTINGS, WELDING, QUALIFICATIONS OF PROCEDURES AND PERSONNEL This practice established the qualifications of procedures, welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steel castings by electric arc welding. ISO WD 11970(c) WELD QUALIFICATION PROCEDURES FOR STEEL CASTINGS
Special Practices
55
CODE AND SPECIFICATION AGENCIES
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428 (610) 832-9500 [www.astm.org] American National Standards Institute (ANSI) - US International Standards Organization (ISO) member 11 W 42nd Street, 13th floor New York, NY 10036 (212) 642-4900 [www.ansi.org] American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) - Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Committee PO Box 2900 Fairfield, NJ 07007 (800) 843-2763 [www.asme.org] American Petroleum Institute (API) 275 7th Avenue, floor 9 New York, NY 10001 (212) 366-4040 [www.api.org] Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry, Inc. (MSS) 127 Park Street NE Vienna, VA 22180-4602 (703) 281-6613 [www.mss-hq.com] Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 (724) 776-4841 [www.sae.org]
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) 2 World Trade Center, floor 106 New York, NY 10048 (212) 839-5000 [www.eagle.org] Lloyds Register of Shipping (LR) 20325 Center Ridge Road, Suite 670 Cleveland, OH 44116 (440) 331-3626 [www.lr.org] National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) 1440 South Creek Drive Houston, TX 77084 (281) 228-6200 [www.nace.org] Association of American Railroads (AAR) 50 F Street NW, floor 3 Washington, D.C. 20001 (202) 639-2100 [www.aar.org] Defense Automated Printing Service (DAPS) - part of Department of Defense Single Stock Point (DODSSP) for Mil Specs & Standards DODSSP Building 4/Section D 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098 (215) 697-2179 [www.dodssp.daps.mil]
Specification Agencies
56
STEEL FOUNDERS SOCIETY OF AMERICA

205 PARK AVENUE, BARRINGTON, IL 60010 www.sfsa.org

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SUPPLEMENT 2

1999 SUMMARY OF STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL CASTINGS

Steel Castings Handbook Supplement 2

Prepared by the SPECIFICATIONS COMMITTEE STEEL FOUNDERS SOCIETY OF AMERICA

ORDERING STEEL CASTINGS

Ordering Steel Castings

STEEL CASTINGS GENERAL TECHNICAL DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS

Ordering Steel Castings

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CARBON AND ALLOY CAST STEELS

Carbon and Alloy Specifications

GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat Treatment

Tensile Strength Yield Strength

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other

GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat Treatment

Tensile Strength Yield Strength

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other

Carbon and Alloy Specifications

ABS 2/2.23 Continued

Tensile Strength Yield Strength

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other

415 485 415 485

205 250 205 250

ASTM A 27/A 27M 95

GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT GradeA Heat Treatment

Tensile Strength Yield Strength

ASTM A 148/A 148M 93b

Carbon and Alloy Specifications

ASTM A 148/A 148M Continued

Tensile Strength Yield Strength

165-150L A, N, NT, or QT [1140-1035L] 210-180 [1450-1240] A, N, NT, or QT

20 ft-lb [27 J] 0.05 0.020

15 0.05 0.020 0.020

210-180L A, N, NT, or QT [1450-1240L] 260-210 [1795-1450] A, N, NT, or QT

15 ft-lb [20 J] 0.05

260-210L A, N, NT, or QT [1795-1450L]

6 ft-lb [8 J] 0.05 0.020

ASTM A 216/A 216M 93

Tensile Strength Yield Strength

ASTM A 217/A 217M 95

GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat Treatment

Tensile Strength Yield Strength

35 35 35 35 35 45 35 35 0.20 45 0.12 30 0.15

Cu 0.50 AB W 0.10 AB Cu 0.50 AB W 0.10 AB

ASTM A 352/A 352M 93

GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat Treatment

Tensile Strength Yield Strength

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, % (maximum percent unless range given) C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Other

ASTM A 356/A 356M 98

GRADE & HEAT TREATMENT Grade Heat Treatment

Tensile Strength Yield Strength

1 J03502 2 J12523 5 J12540 6 J12073

NT 1100F [595C] NT 1100F [595C] NT 1100F [595C] NT 1100F [595C]

485 450 485 485

250 240 275 310

35 35 0.25A 35 0.25A 35 0.20 12

Carbon and Alloy Specifications