Cbse X Mathematics Phase-I Centum Book 2023-24

CBSE_X CENTUM BOOK_2023-24 SUB: MATHEMATICS
CBSE
CLASS-X
MATHEMATICS
CENTUM BOOK
PHASE- I
Narayana Group of Schools 1

CONTENT
S.NO CHAPTER NAME PAGE. NO.

1. POLYNOMIALS 06 – 21
2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 22 – 39
3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 40 – 53
4. COORDINATE GEOMETRY 54 – 70
5. TRIANGLES 71 – 99
6. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES 100 – 123
7. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY 124 – 143
8 PROBABILILTY 144 – 165
9 STATISTICS 166 – 191

MATHEMATICS
Code-(041)
Class-X (2023-24)
COURSE STRUCTURE
Units Unit Name Marks
I NUMBER SYSTEMS 06
II ALGEBRA 20
III COORDINATE GEOMETRY 06
IV GEOMETRY 15
V TRIGONOMETRY 12
VI MENSURATION 10
VII STATISTICS & PROBABILTY 11
Total 80
QUESTION PAPER DESIGN (Standard)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80
S.No Typology of Questions Total % Weightage

Marks (approx.)
1 Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously

learned material by recalling facts, terms, basic
concepts, and answers.
Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts 43 54

and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating,
interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main
ideas.
2 Applying: Solve problems to new situations by

applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and 19 24
rules in a different way.

3 Analysing: Examine and break information into
parts by identifying motives or causes. Make
inferences and find evidence to support
generalizations
Evaluating: Present and defend opinions by making

18 22
judgments about information, validity of ideas, or
quality of work based on a set of criteria.
Creating: Compile information together in a

different way by combining elements in a new
pattern or proposing alternative solutions
Total 80 100
Methods of Questioning-Skills in focus
1. REMEMBERING
Questions where a child just recalls the information learnt.
Direct question where student uses the formula or writes a statement etc.
Eg: Find the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation 2 x 2  6 x  3  0 .
Eg: Evaluate sin 30 0 cos 60 0  cos 3 0 0 sin 60 0 .
2. UNDERSTANDING
Questions which need interpretation of information given
Questions where we want to test whether a student has understood a concept.
Eg: Prove that “If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting the
other two sides in distinct points, then the other two sides are divided in the
same ratio”.
3
Eg: Check whether  x  2   x 3  4 is quadratic equation.
3. APPLYING
Questions where application of acquired knowledge in a different situation is

needed.
Indirect questions where a child has to facts or rules in a different way.
Eg: Representing the following situation in the form of quadratic equation: The
area of a rectangular plot is 528 m2. The length of the plot is 1 metre more than
its breadth. We need to find the length and breadth of the plot.
Eg: Find the radius of the largest circle that can be inscribed in the middle
space, given that the radius of the outer circle is 10cm.

4. ANALYSING
Questions where a student has to examine and break the given information into
parts to make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations.
Eg: Find the two numbers whose sum is 27 and the product is 182.
Eg: Find the two consecutive positive integer’s sum of whose squares is 613.
5. EVALUATING:
Questions where a child has to make judgement or opinions after analysing

information. Questions where child has to validate the ideas based on a set of
criteria.
Eg: It is given that ABC  DEF . Is it true to say that CB  BA . Justify your
DE EF
answer.
Eg: Does there exist a quadratic equation whose coefficients are all distinct
irrationals but both the roots are rationals? Why?
6. CREATING
Questions where given information is presented in a different way or a different

approach is used to solve the question.
Eg: If the time is taken along X-axis and speed on Y-axis, the coordinates of
points O, A, B are (0, 0), (10, 0), (10, 10) respectively, then find the area of
triangle OAB. What does the area OAB represent? Justify.
2
Eg: Solve x  x  a  2a  3  0 .

POLYNOMIALS
MIND MAPPING:
Basic facts and formulae:

1) The general form of a polynomial of nth degree is given by
p  x   a0xn  a1xn 1  a2x n 2  ....  an 1x  an  a0 ; where a0,a1,a2,....an are real
coefficients and a0  0.
2) If p  x  is a polynomial in x , then the highest power of x in the p  x  will be the
degree of polynomial p  x  .
3) If all the coefficients of the polynomial is equal to zero, then it is called as zero
polynomial. The degree of zero polynomial is not defined.
4) Polynomials of degrees 1, 2 and 3 are called linear, quadratic and cubic
polynomials respectively.
5. The value of x for which the given polynomial becomes zero, is called zero of
the polynomial.
6) The zeroes of a polynomial p(x) are precisely the x-coordinates of the points,
where the graph of y = p(x) intersects the x –axis.
7) A quadratic polynomial can have at most 2 zeroes and a cubic polynomial can
have at most 3 zeroes.
  Constant term 
8) The zero of a linear polynomial, ax  b is  b , i.e…. x 
a Coefficent of x

2
9) Let  ,  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax  bx c, a  0, then
 Coefficent of x  b
Sum of the zeroes      2
  and
Coefficient of x a
Constant term c
Product of the zeroes     .
Coefficient of x 2 a
10) If a > 0 then the shape of the parabola open upwards.
11) If a < 0 then the shape of the parabola open downwards.
12) The graph of cuts the X-axis at two distinct points A and AI, then the X-
coordinate of A and AI are the two zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
ax 2  bx  c .
13) The graph of y  ax2  bx  c touches the X-axis at exactly one point A, then the X-
coordinate of A is the only zero of the quadratic polynomial ax 2  bx  c .
14) The graph of y  ax2  bx  c is either completely above the X-axis or completely
below the X-axis. So the quadratic polynomial ax 2  bx  c has no real zeroes.

15) In general, a polynomial p(x) of degree ‘n’ intersects the X-axis atmost ‘n’ points.
Hence a polynomial p(x) of degree ‘n’ has atmost ‘n’ zeroes.
16) If  x    ,  x    are the factors of a quadratic polynomial f  x  , then
f  x   k  x 2      x    , where k  0, k  R .
LEVEL_1
MCQ:
1. The quadratic polynomial sum of whose zeroes is 4 and product of the zeroes is
1 is given by:
a) x 2  4x  1 b) x 2  4x  1 c) x 2  4x  1 d) x 2  4x  1
t 9  4t 6  7t 5
2. The degree of the polynomial is:
t5
a) 4 b) 3 c) 1 d) 0
3. The value of k , for which -2 is a zero of the polynomial 3x 2  4x  2k is:
a) -2 b) 2 c) 3 d) -4
4. Number of zeroes of the polynomial from the below given graph are:
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
5. Number of zeroes of the polynomial from the below given graph are:
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
6. If one of the zero of the polynomial 2x 2  3x  k is reciprocal to the other, then
the value of k is:
a) 1 b) -1 c) 3 d) 2

7. The graph of a polynomial is shown in figure, then the number of its zeroes are:
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
8. If -1 is the zero of the polynomial f  x   x 2  7x  8 , then the other zero is:
a) 7 b) 8 c) 9 d) 3
9. The graph of y  p  x  is shown in the figure for some polynomial p  x  . The
number of zeroes of p  x  are:
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
10. The number of polynomials having zeroes as -3 and 5 are:
a) only one b) infinite c) exactly two d) at most two
2-Marks:
1. Write whether the following expressions are polynomials or not.
1
1 1
(i) x 3   1 (ii) x 2  x  3 (iii) y 2  3y  2 (iv) 5z 3  7z
x2 x
2. Find the zeroes of the following polynomial 4 3x 2  5x  2 3 .
3. If one of the zeroes of the polynomial a 2  9  x 2  13x  6a is reciprocal of other,
then find the value of a .
4. If one of the zeroes of the polynomial k  1 x 2  kx  1 is -3 then find the value of
k .
5. Find the quadratic polynomial whose sum and the product of the zeroes are
21 5
and respectively.
8 16

2
6. If  ,  are the zeroes of the polynomial f  x   5x  7x  1 then find the value of
  
  .
  
7. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f  x   14x 2  42k 2x  9 is negative
of other, find the value of k .
8. If one of the zero of the polynomial 2x 2  3x   is 1 , find the value of  and

2
also other zero.
9. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are – 3 and
2, respectively.
10. Find the quadratic polynomial each with the given numbers as the sum and
1
product of its zeroes respectively: 2, .
3
3-Marks:
1. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 4s 2  4s  1 and verify the relation
between zeroes and its coefficients.
2. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x 2  3 and verify the relationship
between zeroes and its coefficients.
2
3. If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial p  x   a  1 x   2a  3 x   3a  4
is -1, then find the product of zeroes.

2
4. If  ,  are the zeroes of the polynomial f  x   x  4x  5 then find the value of
2   2 .
5. Show that 1 &  3 are the zeroes of the polynomial 4x 2  4x  3 and verify the
2 2
relation between zeroes and coefficients of the polynomial.
6. For each of the following, find a quadratic polynomial whose sum and product
8 4 3 1
respectively of the zeroes are as given. (i) , (ii) ,
3 3 2 5 2
7. If m , n are the zeroes of the polynomial 3x 2  x  2 , find the values of the

following without factorising the polynomial.
1 1
(i)  (ii) m 2  n 2 . Show your steps.
m n

5-Marks:
1. Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given numbers as the sum and the
product of its zeroes respectively.
1 1 1
(i) , (ii) 2, (iii) 0, 5
4 4 3
2
2. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f  x   6x  3 and verify the
relationship between zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.

2
3. If  ,  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f  x   ax  bx  c , then find
the value of:

1 1 2 2
(i) 3  3 (ii) 3
 3 (iii) 
   
11 2
4. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 7y 2  y and verify the
3 3
relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients.
2
5. If  ,  are the zeroes of the polynomial f  x   x  3x  2 , find the polynomials
whose zeroes are:

2 2
(i) and (ii)  2  3  and  3  2 
 
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
CASE STUDY_1
ABC Construction Company got the contract of making speed humps on roads.
Speed humps are parabolic in shape and prevents over speeding, minimize
accidents and gives a chance of pedestrians to cross the road. The mathematical
representation of a speed hump is shown in the given graph.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) What is the type of polynomial represented by the graph? 1
(ii) What are the zeroes of the polynomial represented by the graph? 1
(iii) What shall be the sum of the zeroes and also the product of zeroes of the
polynomial represented by the graph? 2
OR
If  &  are the zeroes of the polynomial represented by the graph such that
   then, find the value of 8   . 2
CASE STUDY_2
Refer to the above image. A teacher told 10 students to write a polynomial on
black board. Students wrote as shown in the above image.
(i) How many students wrote cubic polynomial? 1

(ii) Find the zeroes of the polynomial x 2  2x  1 . 1
(iii) Find the sum of the zeroes and product of the zeroes of the polynomial x 4  1 . 2
OR
Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 2  3 and 2  3 . 2
CASE STUDY_3
During the skipping through skipping rope, its look like the in the form of
parabola. It is a natural examples of parabolic shape which is represented by a
quadratic polynomial. Similarly, we can observe in many other cases forming a
in a variety of forms of different parabolas.

(i) Write the standard form of a polynomial of degree 2. 1

(ii) If ,   are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 2x2  3 k  4 x  8 , then find
the value of k . 2
OR
2
What are the zeroes of the polynomial p  x   x 1? 2
(iii) If the sum of the zeroes is p and product of the zeroes is  p , then find the
quadratic polynomial. 1
LEVEL_2
MCQ:
1
1. The quadratic polynomial, whose sum and the product of the zeroes are 2&
3
respectively is:
a) 3x 2  3 2x  1 b) 3x 2  3 2x  1 c) 3x 2  3 2x  1 d) 3x 2  3 2x  1
2. If one of the zero of the quadratic polynomial kx 2  3x  k is 3, then the value of
k is:
9 10 10 9
a) b) c) d)
10 9 9 10
3. Sum of the zeroes of the polynomial 3x 2  10x  13 is 5. Asha at once said, ‘it is
false’. Select the appropriate answer from the given below options.
a) agree b) disagree c) both a) & b) d) can’t say
4. The number of zeroes of the following graph y  p  x  is.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 5 d) 4
2
5. The lowest value of x  4x  2 is:
a) 2 b) -2 c) 3 d) -3
2-MARKS
1. If  ,  are the zeroes of the polynomial x 2  px  q are double in value to the
zeroes of 2x 2  5x  3 , then the values of p & q .

2
2. What are the zeroes of the polynomial x  3x  m m  3 ?
2
3. Find the value of k , such that the polynomial x  k  6 x  2  2k  1 has sum
of its zeroes equal to half of their product.
4. The graph of y  p  x  is given, for some polynomials p  x  . Find the number of
zeroes of p  x  in each case.
5. If 2 and 3 are zeroes of polynomial 3x 2  2kx  2m , then find the value of k & m.
6. Form a quadratic polynomial whose one of the zeroes is -15 and sum of the
zeroes is 42.
7. Is the following statement true or false? Justify your answer.
“If the zeroes of a polynomial ax 2  bx  c are both negative then a, b and c will
have the same sign”.
3-MARKS
1. Find the zeroes of the polynomial 6x 2  3  7x and verify the relationship between
the zeroes and the coefficients.

2. If  x  a  is a factor of two polynomials x  px  q and x 2  mx  n , then prove
2
n q
that a  .
mp
3. A teacher asked 10 of his students to write a polynomial in one variable on a
paper and then to handover the paper. The following were the answers given by
the students:
2x  3 , 3x 2  7x  2 , 4x 3  3x 2  2 , x 3  3x  7 , 7x  7 , 5x 3  7x  2 ,
5
2x 2  3  , 5x  1 , ax 3  bx 2  cx  d , x  1 .
x 2 x
Answer the following question:
(i) How many of the above ten, are not polynomials?
(ii) How many of the above ten, are quadratic polynomials?
4. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x 2  2 2x and verify the relation
between the zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.
5. If  ,  are the zeroes of quadratic polynomial such that     24 and     8
. Find the quadratic polynomial having  and  as its zeroes.
6. Find the quadratic polynomial, sum and product of whose zeroes are -1 and -20
respectively. Also find the zeroes of the polynomial so obtained.
5-MARKS
1. If the zeroes of the polynomial p(x )  ax 2  bx  c are in the ratio of m : n , then
m n
find the value of  .
n m
2
2. If  ,  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f  x   px  qx  r , then find
1 1
the value of  .
p  q p  q
2
3. If  ,  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial p  s   3s  6s  4 , then find
  1 1
the value of   2     3 .
    
2
4. If  ,  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f  x   x  px  q then prove
 2  2 p 4 4 p2
that     2.
 2  2 q2 q
2
5. If  ,  are the zeroes of the polynomial p  x   2x  5x  k satisfying the
21
relation  2   2    , then find the value of k .
4

2
6. If  ,  are the zeroes of the polynomial p  x   3x  2x  1 , find the polynomial
1  1 
whose zeroes are and .
1 1 

CASE STUDY_1:
In a pool at an aquarium, a dolphin jumps out of the water travelling at 20 cm
per second. Its height above water level after t seconds is given by h = 20t -16t2.
Based on the above, answer the following questions:

(i) Find zeroes of polynomial p(t) = 20t-16t2. 1
(ii) Which of the following types of graph represents p(t)? 1
3
(iii) (a) What would be the value of h at t  ? Interpret the result. 2
2
OR
(b) How much distance has the dolphin covered before hitting the water level
again? 2
LEVEL_3
MCQ:
1. If the product of the zeroes of the polynomial ax 2  6x  6  is 4, then the value
of ‘a’ is:
3 3 2 2
a) b) 2 c) d)
2 2 3 3
2. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax 2  bx  c , c ≠ 0 are equal, then
a) c and a have opposite signs b) c and b have opposite signs
c) c and a have the same sign d) c and b have the same sign
3. If the squared difference of the Zeros of Polynomial x 2  px  45 is 144, then the
value of p is:
a) 18 only b) -18 only c) 18 d) 0
4. Ravi claims that the polynomial p  x   mx a  x 2b has 4b zeroes. For Ravi’s claim
to be correct, which of these must be true?

a) a  2b or a  4b b) a  2 or a  4b c) m  2b d) m  4b
5. The values of a and b, if they are the zeroes of the polynomial x 2  ax  b .

a) a  0, b  2 b) a  2, b  2 c) a  2, b  0 d) a  0, b  2
1
6. The quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of the zeroes are 2  1,
2 1
is:
 
a) x 2  2 2 x  1 
b) x 2  2 2 x  1   
c) x 2  3 2 x  1 
d) x 2  2 2 x  4 
2-MARKS
1. If one zero of the polynomial a 2  9  x 2  13x  6a is reciprocal of the other, find
the value of a.
2. A group of 18 average students and 7 best students of a class. Write a quadratic
polynomials whose are equal to number of average students and number of
students.
3. What is the value of x , for which the polynomials x 2  1 and x 2  2x  1 vanish
simultaneously?
2
4. If  ,  are the zeroes of polynomial x  p  x  1  c such that   1   1  0 ,
then find the value of c .

5. If  ,  are the zeroes of the polynomial 2x 2  4x  5 , find the value of :
2
a)  2   2 b)    

3-MARKS
1. Obtain the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 3x 2  8x  4 3 and verify the
relation between its zeroes and the coefficients.
2. If  &  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f  x   ax 2  bx  c then find
the value of  4   4 .
3. Can the quadratic polynomial x 2  kx  k have equal zeroes for some odd integer
k  1?
2
4. If  ,  are the zeroes of the quadratic f  x   x  x  4 polynomial find a
polynomial whose zeroes are 2  1 and 2  1 .

5. If  ,  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial such that     24 and
    8 . Find a quadratic polynomial having  &  as zeroes.
6. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f  x   abx 2  b 2  ac  x  bc , and
verify the relationship between zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.
5-MARKS
1. If  ,  are the zeroes of the polynomial x 2  8x  6 then frame a quadratic
1 1  
polynomial whose zeroes are: a) & b) 1  ,1 
   
2. If  ,  are the zeroes of the polynomial 2x 2  4x  5 , find the values of
1  1 1
(i) 2   2 (ii)  (iii)    
2
(iv) 2
 2
   
1
3. If  and are the zeroes of the polynomial a 2  a  x 2  61x  6a . Find the

value of  and a .
4. Are the following statements ‘True’ or ‘False’? Justify your answers.
(i) If the graph of a polynomial intersects the x-axis at only one point, it cannot be
a quadratic polynomial.
(ii) If the graph of a polynomial intersects the x-axis at exactly two points, it need
not be a quadratic polynomial.
2
5. If  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial f  x   ax  bx  c , then evaluate:
2 2
(i) 4  4 (ii)  .
2 2

CASE STUDY_1:
Lavanya throws a ball upwards, from a rooftop, which is 20 m above from
ground. It will reach a maximum height and then fall back to the ground. The
height of the ball from the ground at time t is h, which is given by
h  4t 2  16t  20 .
(i) What is the height reached by the ball after 1 second? 1

(ii) What is the maximum height reached by the ball? 1
(iii) How long will the ball take to hit the ground? 2
OR
What are the two possible times to reach the ball at the same height of 32 m? 2
CASE STUDY_2:
Junk food is unhealthful food that is high in calories from sugar or fat, with
little dietary fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals or other important forms of
nutritional value. A sample of few students have taken. If  be the number of
students who take junk,  be the number of students who take healthy food
such that    and  ,  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
f  x   x2  7x 10 , then answer the following questions:

(i) Find the number of students who take the junk food. 1
(ii) Find the number of students who take healthy food. 1
(iii) Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are -3 and -4. 2
OR
If one of the zeroes of the polynomial x 2  5x  6 is 2, find the other zero. 2
SKILL BASED QUESTIONS:

1. Sharmila went to a stationary shop and purchased 2pencils and 3 erasers for
Rs.9. her friend Keerti saw the new variety of pencils and erasers with Sharmila,
and also bought 4 pencils and 6 erasers of the same kind for Rs.18. Represent
this situation algebraically and graphically.

2. Two rails are represented by the equation x  2y  4  0 and 2x  4y  12  0 .
Represent this situation graphically.

PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
MIND MAPPING

1. A linear equation is an equation of straight line in the form of ax + by + c = 0
where a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0 and a, b, c are real numbers. In this equation a & b are
coefficients and c is a constant.
2. Two linear equations having two same variables are called pair of linear equation
in two variables. The general form of pair of linear equations is a1x  b1y  c1  0 &
a2 x  b2y  c 2  0 . Where a1, a2 , b1, b2 , c1 and c 2 are real numbers, such that
a12  b12  0; a 22  b22  0 .
3. Every solution of the equation is a point on the line representing it.

4. Each solution (x, y) of linear equation in two variables, ax +by+ c=0 corresponds
to a point on the line representing the equation, and vice versa.
5. A system of linear equations is said to be consistent if it has at least one
solution.
6. A system of linear equations is said to be inconsistent if it has no solution.
7. Graphical method of pair of linear equation in two variables.
a) If the two lines intersect each other at one particular point then that point will
be the only solution of that pair of linear equations. It is said to be consistent
pair of equations.

b) If two lines coincide with each other, then there will be infinite solutions as all
the points on the line will be the solution for the pair of linear equations. It is
said to be dependent or consistent pair of equations.
c) If the two lines are parallel then there will be no solution as the lines are not
intersecting at any point. It is said to be inconsistent pair of equations.

8. Interpretation of the pair of equations:
Pair of Ratio Graphical Algebraic

Equations Comparison Representation Interpretation
a1x  b1y  c1  0 a1 b1 Intersecting lines Only one

a2 x  b2y  c 2  0 a2 b2 solution
a1x  b1y  c1  0 a1 b1 c1 Coincident lines Infinite
 
a2 x  b2y  c 2  0 a2 b2 c 2 solutions
a1x  b1y  c1  0 a1 b1 c1 Parallel lines No solution
 
a2 x  b2y  c 2  0 a2 b2 c 2
9. Algebraic methods of solving a pair of linear equations:

a) Substitution method:
If we have a pair of Linear Equations with two variables x and y, then we have to
follow these steps to solve them with the substitution method-
Step 1: We have to choose any one equation and find the value of one variable
in terms of other variable i.e. y in terms of x.
Step 2: Then substitute the calculated value of y in terms of x in the other
equation.
Step 3: Now solve this Linear Equation in terms of x as it is in one variable only
i.e. x.
Step 4: Substitute the calculate value of x in the given equations and find the
value of y.
b) Elimination method:
In this method, we solve the equations by eliminating any one of the variables.
Step 1: Multiply both the equations by such a number so that the coefficient of
any one variable becomes equal.
Step 2: Now add or subtract the equations so that the one variable will get
eliminated as the coefficients of one variable are same.
Step 3: Solve the equation in that leftover variable to find its value.
Step 4: Substitute the calculated value of variable in the given equations to find
the value of the other variable.

LEVEL_1
MCQ:
1. If the lines represented by equations 3x  2my  2 and 2x  5y  1  0 are
parallel, then the value of m is:
2 5 3 15
a) b)  c) d)
5 4 2 4
2. The pair of linear equations x  2y  5  0 and 2x  4y  6  0 :
a) is inconsistent b) is consistent with many solutions
c) is consistent with a unique solution d) is consistent with two solutions
3. The lines represented by the linear equations y  x and x  4 intersect at P. The

coordinates of the point P are:
a)  4,0  b)  4, 4  c)  0, 4  d)  4, 4 
4. The value of ‘k’ for which the system of equations kx  2y  5 and 3x  4y  1

have no solution, is:
3 3 2
a) k  b) k  c) k  d) k  5
2 2 3
5. The pair of linear equations 2x  5y  6 and 15y  6x  18 represents two lines
which are:
a) intersecting b) parallel
c) coincident d) either intersecting or parallel
6. Graphically pair of equations 6x  3y  10  0 and 2x  y  9  0 represents two

lines which are:
a) intersecting at exactly one point b) intersecting exactly at two points
c) coincident d) parallel
7. The point of intersection of the lines y  3x and x  3y is:
a)  0,0  b)  0,3  c)  3,0  d)  3,3 

2-Marks:
1. Solve the following pair of linear equations: 3x  5y  4 and 2y  7  9x .
2. In the fig. ABCD is a rectangle. Find the values of x and y .
3. Equation 2x  5y  4 is given. Write another linear equation, so that the lines

represented by the pair are: (i) intersecting (ii) coincident (iii) parallel
a1 b1 c
4. On comparing the ratios, , and 1 find out whether the following pair of
a2 b2 c2
equations are consistent or inconsistent:
(i) 3x  2y  5; 2x  3y  7 (ii) 5x  3y  11;  10x  6y  22
5. For which values of p does the pair of equations given below has unique
solutions 2x  2y  2  0 and 4x  py  8  0 .
6. Find a , if the line 3x  ay  8 passes through the intersection of lines
represented by the equations 3x  2y  10 and 5x  y  8 .
7. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4m more than its
width, is 36m. Find the dimensions of the garden.
8. For what values of k , will the following equations represent coincident lines?
2x  3y  4 and 4x  k  4 y  3k  2 .
9. Solve the system of equations by substitution method: 0.2x  0.3y  1.3 and
0.4x  0.5y  2.3 .
10. Solve: 99x  101y  499 ; 101x  99y  501 .
11. Is the pair of equations x  2y  3  0 and 6y  3x  9  0 consistent? Justify your
answer.
12. The angles of a triangle are x , y and 400 . The difference between two angles x
and y is 300 . Find x and y .
3-Marks:
1. Draw the graph of the equations x  y  1  0 and 3x  2y  12  0 . Using this
graph find the values of x and y which satisfy both the equations.
2. Two numbers are in the ratio of 5 : 6. If 7 is subtracted from each of the
numbers, the ratio becomes 4 : 5. Find the numbers.

3. Given the linear equation 2x  3y  8  0 , write another linear equation in two
variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is:
(i) intersecting lines (ii) parallel lines (iii) coincident lines.
1
4. A fraction becomes when 1 is subtracted from the numerator and it becomes
3
1
when 8 is added to its denominator. Find the fraction.
4
5. For what values of a and b does the following pair of linear equations have an
infinite number of solutions? 2x  3y  7 and a  b  x  a  b  y  3a  b  2 .
6. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is
twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the fraction.
5-Marks:
1. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 9 : 7 and the ratio of their expenditures is
4 : 3. If each of them manages to save Rs. 2000 per month, find their monthly
incomes.
2. The area of the rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units, if its length reduced by
5 units and the breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase the length by 3
units and the breadth by 3 units, then the area increases by 67 sq.units. Find
the dimensions of the rectangle.
3. Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing
1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each correct
answer and 2 marks been deducted for each incorrect answer, then Yash would
have scored 50 marks. How many questions were there in the test?
4. A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional
charge for each day thereafter. Shristi paid Rs. 27 for a book kept for seven
days, while Rekha paid Rs. 21 for the book she kept for five days. Find the fixed
charge and the additional charge paid by them?
5. Solve for x & y : mx  ny  m 2  n 2 , x  y  2n .
0 0 0
6. Angles of cyclic quadrilateral ABCD are A   6x  10  , B   5x  ,  C   x  y 
0
,  D   3y  10  . Find x and y , also the values of the four angles.

CASE STUDY_1
From Bengaluru bus stand, if Riddhima buys 2 tickets to Malleswaram and 3
tickets to Yeshwanthpur, then total cost is Rs. 46, but if she buys 3 tickets to
Malleswaram and 5 tickets to Yeshwanthpur, then the total cost is Rs. 74.
Consider the fares from Bengaluru to Malleswaram and that to Yeshwanthpur

as Rs x and Rs y respectively and answer the following questions.
(i) Represent 1st situation algebraically. 1
(ii) Represent 2nd situation algebraically. 1
(iii) What is the fare from Bengaluru to Malleswaram? 2
OR
What is the fare from Bengaluru to Yeshwanthpur?
CASE STUDY_2
Raman usually go to a dry fruit shop with his mother. He observes the following
two situations.
On 1st day: The cost of 2 kg of almonds and 1 kg of cashew was Rs 1600.
On 2nd day: The cost of 4 kg of almonds and 2 kg of cashew was Rs 3000.
Denoting the cost of 1 kg almonds by Rs x and cost of 1 kg cashew by Rs y,
answer the following questions.

(i) Represent algebraically the situation of day-I. 1

(ii) Represent algebraically the situation of day- II. 1
(iii) At what point the linear equation represented by day-I, intersect the x axis. 2
OR
At what point the linear equation represented by day-II, intersect the y-axis
CASE STUDY_3:
A coaching institute of Mathematics conducts classes in two batches I and II
and fees for rich and poor children are different. In batch I, there are 20 poor
and 5 rich children, whereas in batch II, there are 5 poor and 25 rich children.
The total monthly collection of fees from batch I is Rs 9000 and from batch II is
Rs 26,000. Assume that each poor child pays Rs. x per month and each rich
child pays Rs. y per month.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Represent the information given above in terms of x and y . 1
(ii) Find the monthly fee paid by a poor child. 2
OR
Find the difference in the monthly fee paid by a poor child and a rich child. 2
(iii) If there are 10 poor and 20 rich children in batch II, what is the total monthly
collection of the fees from batch II? 1
LEVEL_2
MCQ:
1. The pair of equations y  0 and y  7 has
a) one solution b) two solutions
c) infinitely many solutions d) no solution
2. The pair of equations x  a and y  b graphically represents lines which are
a) parallel b) intersecting at (b, a)
c) coincident d) intersecting at (a, b)
3. For what values of k, do the equations 3x  y  8  0 and 6x  ky  16 has
infinitely many solutions.
1 1
a) b)  c) 2 d) -2
2 2
4. If the lines given by 3x  2ky  2 and 2x  5y  1 are parallel, then the value of k
is:
5 2 15 3
a)  b) c) d)
4 5 4 2
5. One equation of a pair of dependent linear equation is 5x  7y  2  0 . The
second equation can be:
a) 10x  14y  4  0 b) 10x  14y  4  0
c) 10x  14y  4  0 d) 10x  14y  4  0
6. A pair of linear equation which has a unique solution x  2 and y  3 is:
a) x  y  1 & 2x  3y  5
b) 2x  5y  11 & 4x  10y  22
c) 2x  y  1 & 3x  2y  0
d) x  4y  14  0 & 5x  y  13  0

2-MARKS
1. Determine the values of a and b for which the pair of linear equations has
infinitely many solutions: 3x  a  1 y  2b 1 and 5x  1  2a  y  3b
2. Two straight paths are represented by the lines 7x  5y  3 and 14x  10y  5 .
Check whether the paths cross each other.
x y
3. Solve for x and y :   2, ax  by  a 2  b 2 .
a b
4. For what value of k will the following pair of linear equations have no solution?
3x  y  1 ;  2k 1 x  k 1 y  2k  1.
5. In the figure ABCD is a rectangle. Find the values of x and y .
6. Find whether the lines representing the following pair of linear equations
intersect at a point or parallel or coincident. 3 x  5 y  7 and 3 x  3 y  6
2 3 22
7. Solve the following equations by elimination method: x  y  5; x  y  1
7 3 7 9
8. Is it true to say that the pair of equations x  2y  2  0 and 1 x  1 y  1  0
2 4
has a unique solution? Justify your answer.
9. For the pair of equations  x  3y  7 & 2x  6y  14 to have infinitely many
solutions, the value of  should be 1. Is the statement true? Give reasons.
10. Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice
as old as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu?
11. The sum of two numbers is 120 and one of numbers is 3 times the other. Find
the numbers.
3-MARKS
1. A fraction becomes 9 , if 2 is added to both the numerator and denominator. If
11
3 is added to both the numerator and denominator, fraction becomes 3 . Find
4
the fraction.
2. Seven times a two digit number is equal to four times the number obtained by
reversing the order of the digits. If the sum of both the digits is 9, find the
number.

3. The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If three students are extra in
each row, there would be 1 row less. If 3 students are less in a row, there would
be 2 rows more. Find the number of students in the class.
4 3
4. Solve:  3y  14;  4y  23
x x
5. Write an equation of a line passing through the point representing solutions of
the pair of linear equations x  y  2 and 2x  y  1 . How many such lines can
be found?
6. The age of father is twice the sum of the ages of his two children. After 20 years,
his age will be equal to the sum of the ages of his children. Find the age of the
father.
5-MARKS
1. A two digit number is obtained by either multiplying the sum of digit by 8 and
then subtracting 5 or by multiplying the difference of digits by 16 and adding 3.
Find the numbers.
2. Anuj decided to donate some money for books for the children living in an
orphanage. If there are children less, everyone will get Rs. 20 more. If there are 7
children more everyone will get Rs.10 less. What is the number of children and
how much does each get? What is the total amount distributed? Why Anuj
decided to distribute money for books?
3. Raghav scored 70 marks in a test, getting 4 marks for each right answer and
losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 5 marks been rewarded for each
correct answer and 2 marks been deducted for each wrong answer, then Raghav
would have scored 80 marks. How many questions were there in the test?
4. Determine graphically, the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines y  x ,
3y  x and x  y  8 .
5. Solve graphically, the pair of equations 2x  y  6 and 2x  y  2  0 . Find the
ratio of the areas of the two triangle formed by the lines representing these
equations with X-axis and the lines with Y-axis.
6. Draw the graph of the lines x  2 and y  3 . Write the vertices of the figure
formed by these lines, the x  axis and y  axis . Also find the area of the figure.
7. Determine, algebraically the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines.
5x  y  5 , x  2y  1 and 6x  y  17 .

CASE STUDY_1:
A test consists of “True or False” questions. One mark is awarded for every
correct answer while 1 mark is deducted for every wrong answer. A student
4
knew answers to some of the questions. Rest of the questions he attempted by
guessing. He answered 120 questions and got 90 marks.
Type of Marks given for Marks deducted for wrong

Question correct answer answer
True/False 1 0.25
(i) If answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong, then how many
questions did he answer correctly? 1
(ii) How many questions did he guess? 1
(iii) If answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong and answered
80 correctly, then how many marks he got? 2
OR
If answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong, then how many
questions answered correctly to score 95 marks? 2
LEVEL-3
MCQ:
1. Two numbers are in the ratio of 3:4. If 5 is subtracted from each other, then the
ratio will be 2:3. What will be the smallest number?
a) 15 b) 18 c) 20 d) 24
4x  3y 4 x
2. If  , then the value of is:
7x  6y 13 y
5 8 5 8
a) b) c)  d) 
8 5 8 5
3. In the equations shown below, a and b are unknown constants. ax  2y  14
& 2x  by  14 . If (-3, 4) is the solution of the given equations, what are the
values of a and b?
a) a = 2, b = 5 b) a = -2, b = 5 c) a = 5, b = 2 d) a = 5, b = -2

b
4. Consider the equations as shown:  x  a  y  b    x  2a   y   and
 2
 1   a 2
x x    y  y    2xy  5   x  y  . On comparing coefficients, a student
 2b   2
says these pair of equations is consistent. Is he/she correct? Which of these
explains why?
a) Yes, because they are intersecting lines
b) Yes, because they are parallel lines
c) No, because they are parallel lines
d) No, because they are intersecting lines.
3x  y  1 2x  y  2 3x  2y  1
5. The solutions of the equation   is given by:
3 5 6
a) x  2, y  1 b) x  1, y  1 c) x  1, y  1 d) x  1, y  2
6. A farmer divides his herd of x cows among his 4 son’s such that first son gets
one-half of the herd, the second son gets one fourth, the third son gets one-fifth
and the fourth son gets 7 cows, then the value of x is:
a) 100 b) 140 c) 160 d) 180
2-MARKS
1. Father’s age is 3 times sum of the ages of his two children. After 5 years, his age
will be twice the sum of the ages of two children. Find the age of the father.
2. In the adjacent figure ABCDE is a pentagon with BE  CD and BC  ED . BC is
perpendicular to CD. If the perimeter of ABCDE is 21 cm. Find the value of x &
y.
3. Find the values of a and b for which the following system of linear equations has
infinite solutions: 2x  a  4  y  2b  1 and 4x  a  1 y  5b  1 .
4. Cars are parked in a parking place at a particular point of time in rows. If 3 cars
are extra in a row, there would be one row less. If 3 cars are less in a row there
would be 2 rows more. Find the number of cars in the parking place at that
particular point of time.

5. At a certain time in a deer park, the number of heads and the number of legs of
deer and human visitors were counted and it was found there were 39 heads
and 132 legs. Find the number of deer and human visitors in the park.
6. Eight times a two digit number is equal to three times the number obtained by
reversing the order if its digits. If the difference between the digit is 5, find the
number.
7. The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 180 , find them.
8. For what values of a and b will the following system of linear equations has
infinitely many solutions? 2x  3y  7; a  b  x   9a  b  3  4a  b
3-MARKS
1. Find the value of p and q for which the system of equations represent coincident
lines. 2x  3y  7 , and  p  q  1 x   p  2q  2  y  4  p  q   1
2. Solve the following system of linear equations by elimination method:

2 ax  by   a  4b   0 2 bc  ay   b  4a   0
, .
3. For what values of p and q will the following pair of linear equations has
infinitely many solutions? 4x  5y  2;  2p  7q  x   p  8q  y  2q  p  1
4. Students are made to stand in rows. If one student is extra in a row there would
be 2 rows less. If one student is less in a row there would be 3 rows more. Find
the number of students in the class.
5. For which value (s) of  , do the pair of equations x  y  2 and x   y  1

have (i) No solution? (ii) Infinitely many solutions? (iii) a unique solution?
6. Draw the graph of the pair of equations 2x  y  4 and 2x  y  4 . Write the
vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the y-axis. Also find the area of
this triangle.
5-MARKS
y 5x 1 2 5
1. The length of the sides of a triangle are 2x  ,  y  and x  2y  . If the
2 3 2 3 2
triangle is equilateral. Find its perimeter.
2. Draw the graphs of the equations x  y  1  0 and 3x  2y  12  0 . Determine
the coordinates of vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and x-axis.
3. Determine graphically, the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle whose

equations are 2x  2y  6  0 , 2x  3y  18  0 , y  2  0 . Also find the area of
this triangle.

4. Check graphically, whether the pair of equations x  3y  6 and 2x  3y  12 is
consistent. If so, solve them graphically.
5. Ram decided to distribute some amount to poor students for their books. If there
are 8 students less, everyone will get Rs. 10 more. If there are 16 students more
everyone will get Rs. 10 less. What is the number of students and how much
does each get? What is the total amount distributed? What is the reason that
motivated Ram to distribute money for books?
6. The incomes of two persons A and B are in the ratio 8 : 7 and the ratio of their
expenditures is 19 : 16. If their savings Rs. 2550 per month. Find their monthly
income.
7. Jamila sold a table and a chair for Rs. 1050, thereby making a profit of 10% on
the table and 25% on the chair. If she had taken a profit 25% on the table and
10% on the chair she would have got Rs. 1065. Find the cost price of each.
8. In an election contested between A and B, A obtained votes equal to twice the
number of persons on the electoral roll who did not cast their votes and this
later number was equal to twice his majority over B. If there were 18000 persons
on the electoral roll. How many voted for B.
9. When the son will be as old as the father today their ages will add upto 126
years. When the father was old as the son is today, their ages add upto 38 years.
Find their present ages.
10. Vijay had some bananas and he divided them into two lots A and B. He sold the
first lot at the rate of Rs.2 of 3 bananas and the second lot at the rate of Rs. 1
per banana and got a total of Rs. 400. If he had sold the first lot at the rate of
Rs. 1 per banana, and the second lot at the rate of Rs. 4 for 5 bananas his total
collection would have been Rs. 460. Find the total number of bananas he had.
CASE STUDY_1:
In the below given layout, the design and measurements has been made such
that area of two bedrooms and Kitchen together is 95 sq. m

(i) Find the area of two bedrooms and kitchen. 1
(ii) Find the length of the outer boundary of the layout. 1
(iii) Find the area of living room in the layout. 2
OR
Find the cost of laying tiles in Kitchen at the rate of Rs. 50 per sq.m 2
CASE STUDY_2:
Piyush sells a saree at 8% profit and a sweater at 10% discount, thereby getting
a sum of Rs. 1008. If he had sold the saree at 10% profit and the sweater, he
would have got Rs. 1028.
Denote the cost price of the saree and the list price (price before discount) of the
sweater by Rs. x and Rs. y respectively and answer the following questions:
(i) Represent the 1st situation can be represented algebraically. 1
(ii) Represent the 2nd situation can be represented algebraically. 1
(iii) Name the point where the linear equation represented by 1st situation intersect
the x-axis. 2
OR
Name the point where the linear equation represented by 2nd situation intersect
the y-axis. 2

SKILL BASED QUESTIONS:
1. Draw the graphs of the equations x  y  1  0 and 3x  2y  12  0 . Determine
the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the X-
axis and shade the triangular region.

2. Draw the graphs of equations 5x  y  5 and 3x  y  3 . Determine the
coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and Y-axis.

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
MIND MAPPING:

1. Standard form of a quadratic equation: The most general form of a quadratic
equation, called the standard form is ax 2  bx  c  0; a  0 .
2. Roots (or solution) of a Quadratic equation: Those values of x, which satisfy a
quadratic equation, are called roots (or solution) of the equation. Thus, a real
number  is called a root of the quadratic equation if a 2  b  c  0 .
3. Discriminant of a quadratic equation: It is a relationship between coefficients
of a quadratic equation and is given by D  b 2  4ac .
4. Finding the roots of a quadratic equation: There are three methods to find the
roots of a quadratic equation.
(i) By the factorisation method: It is applied when the discriminant of a
quadratic equation D  b 2  4ac is a perfect square of a positive number.
(ii) By the quadratic formula: It directly gives the two roots of a quadratic
b  D
equation, provided discriminant D  0 is given by the formula x  ,
2a
where D  b 2  4ac
5. Nature of Roots: The nature of roots of a quadratic equation depends upon the
nature of its discriminant
(i) If D > 0, (i.e. positive), then the roots are real and unequal / distinct.
(ii) If D = 0, then the roots are real and equal / coincident.
(iii) If D < 0, then there are no real roots.

LEVEL_1
MCQ:
1. The value(s) of k for which the roots of quadratic equation x 2  4x  k  0 are
real is:
a) k  4 b) k  4 c) k  4 d) k  4
2. The discriminant of the quadratic equation 2x 2  5x  3  0 is:
a) 1 b) 49 c) 7 d) 19
1
3. If the quadratic equation 9x 2  bx   0 has equal roots, then the value of b is:
4
a) 0 b) -3 only c) 3 only d) 3
4. 
A quadratic equation whose roots are 2  3 and 2  3 is:   
a) x 2  4x  1  0 b) x 2  4x  1  0 c) 4x 2  3  0 d) x 2  1  0
5. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?
2  2
a) x 2  2x  1   4  x   3 b) 2x 2   5  x   2x  
 5
 3 3
c) k  1 x 2     x  7; where k  1 d) x 3  x 2   x  1
 2
1 5
6. If is a root of the equation x 2  kx   0 , then the value of k is:
2 4
1 1
a) 2 b) -2 c) d)
4 2
7. Which of the following equations has sum of its roots as 3?
a) 2x 2  3x  6  0 b) x 2  3x  3  0
3
c) 2x 2  x 1  0 d) 3x 2  3x  3  0
2
2-MARKS:
1. Find the values of p for which quadratic equation x 2  2 px  1  0 has no real
roots.
2. In the quadratic equation kx 2  6x  1  0 , determine the values of k for which
the equation does not have any real root.
3. Find the value of p, for which one root of the quadratic equation
px 2  14x  8  0 is 6 times the other.
4. Solve for x : 6x  7   2x  7   0
5. Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182.

2
6. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 3x  2 6 x  2  0 .
7. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 3x 2  5x  2  0 using the quadratic

formula.
8. Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation 2x 2  4x  3  0 and hence find
the nature of its roots.
9. Find the values of k for the quadratic equation 2x 2  kx  3  0 have two equal
roots.
10. If one root of 2x 2  kx  6  0 is 2, find the value of k and the other root.
2 1
11. Check whether both x  and x   are roots of 9x 2  3x  2  0 or not.
3 3
2
12. Does  x  1  2  x  1  0 have a real root? Justify your answer.
3-MARKS:
1
1. Find the discriminant of the equation 3x 2  2x   0 and hence find the nature
3
of its roots. Find them, if they are real.
2. A rectangular park is to be designed whose breadth is 3 m less than its length.
Its area is to be 4 square metres more than the area of a park that has been
made in the shape of an isosceles triangle with its base as the breadth of the
rectangular park and of altitude 12 m. Find its length and breadth.
3. Solve for x : 3x 2  2 2x  2 3  0
4. Solve for x : 16  1  15 , x  0,  1 .
x x 1
5. If 2 is a root of the quadratic equation 3x 2  px  8  0 and the quadratic
equation 4x 2  2 px  k  0 has equal roots, find the value of k.

6. The sum of the squares of two consecutive odd numbers is 394. Find the
numbers.

5-MARKS:
1. Check whether the following are quadratic equations:
2 3
(i)  x  2  1  2x  3 (ii)  x  2   2 x  x 2  1
2
(iii) x  x  1  8   x  2 x  2 (iv) x 2  3x  1   x  2 
2. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The square of the smaller
number is 8 times the larger number. Find the two numbers.
3. Solve for x : x  2  x  4  10 ; x  3, 5 .
x 3 x 5 3
Using quadratic formula solve the quadratic equation: p x   p  q  x  q  0

2 2 2 2 2
4.
1 1 11
5. Find the roots of the quadratic equation   , x   4, 7
x  4 x  7 30
6. Is the following situation possible? If so, determine their present ages.
The sum of the ages of two friends is 20 years. Four years ago, the product of
their ages is years was 48.
7. A pole has to be erected at a point on the boundary of a circular park of
diameter 13 metres in such a way that the differences of its distances from two
diametrically opposite fixed gates A and B on the boundary is 7 metres. Is it
possible to do so? If yes, at what distances from the two gates should the pole be
erected?
CASE STUDY_1
Swati is a daughter of Varun. Seven years ago, Varun’s age was five times the
square of Swati’s age. Three years hence, Swati’s age will be two-fifth of Varun’s
age.

Based on the above, answer the following questions:
(i) If Swati’s age seven years ago be x years, then what will be Varun’s age? 1
(ii) What will be Swati’s age after three years? 1
(iii) What is the quadratic equation related to the above given problem? 2
OR
What is the present age of Varun? 2
CASE STUDY_2
A prayer hall consists of a carpet area of a carpet area of 300 sq.m with its
length  2x  1 meters and breadth x meters.
(i) Find the length and breadth of the prayer hall? 2

OR
Find the value of BD in the prayer hall? 2
(ii) Find the perimeter of the hall. 1
(iv) From the above figure, compare the values of AB and AD. 1
CASE STUDY_3
John and Jivanti are playing with the marbles. They together have 45 marbles.
Both of them lost 5 marbles each, and the product of the number of marbles
they now have is 124.

(i) How many marbles does Jivanti have, if John have x number of marbles ? 1
(ii) How many marbles are left with Jivanti, when she lost marbles? 1
(iii) What is the quadratic equation related to the given problem? 2
OR
How marbles do John have. 2

LEVEL_2
MCQ:
1. Which of the following equations has 2 as the root?
a) x 2  4x  5  0 b) x 2  3x  12  0 c) 2x 2  7x  6  0 d) 3x 2  6x  2  0
2. Value(s) of k for which the quadratic equation 2x 2  kx  k  0 has equal roots
is/are:
a) 0 b) 4 c) 8 d) 0, 8
3. The quadratic equation 2x 2  5x  1  0 has:
a) two distinct real roots b) two equal real roots
c) no real roots d) more than 2 real roots
4. Which of the following equations has two distinct real roots?
9
a) 2x 2  3 2x  0 b) x 2  x  5  0
4
c) x 2  3x  2 2  0 d) 5x 2  3x  1  0
5. Which of the following equations has no real roots?
a) x 2  4x  3 2  0 b) x 2  4x  3 2  0
c) x 2  4x  3 2  0 d) 3x 2  4 3x  4  0
2-MARKS
1. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 3x 2  4 3x  4  0 .
1
2. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2  x   0 by factorization.
8
3. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2  2 2x  1  0 using the quadratic
formula.
4. Find the value of k for the quadratic equation kx  x  2   6  0 have two equal
roots.
5. Find the value of m so that the equation x 2  5mx  6  0 has no real roots.
6. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 4x 2  4 px   p 2  q 2   0 .

7. Find the values of p for which the equation  p  12  x 2  2  p  12  x  2  0 has
two equal roots.
8. Solve the quadratic equation for x: 12x 2  6 a 2  b 2  x  3a 2b 2  0
9. Is the following statement True or False? Justify your answer. “If in a quadratic
equation the coefficient of x is zero, then the quadratic equation has no real
roots.”

10. Does there exist a quadratic equation whose coefficients are rational but both of
its roots are irrational? Justify your answer.
11. Is 0.2 a root of the equation x 2  0.4  0 ? Justify.
3-MARKS
1. Find the values of k, for which the quadratic equation k  4 x 2  k  1 x  1  0
has equal roots.

2. The altitude of a right triangle is 7cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is
13cm, find the other two sides.
1 2 6
3. Solve for x :   , where x  0,1,2 .
x  2 x 1 x
4. Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If the difference of their perimeters is
24 m, find the sides of the two squares.
x  3 x  5 10
5. Solve for x :   ; x  4,6
x 4 x 6 3
6. A natural number, when increased by 12, equals 160 times its reciprocal. Find
the number.
5-MARKS
4 5 3
1. Solve the equation for x : 3 ; x  0, .
x 2x  3 2
2. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 km/h more,
it would have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of the
train.
1 1 2
3. Solve for x :   , x  1,2,3 .
 x  1 x  2  x  2 x  3  3
Using quadratic formula, solve the equation for x : abx  b  ac  x  bc  0 .

2 2
4.
x  1 2x  1 1
5. Solve for x :   2; where x  ,1 .
2x  1 x  1 2
6. Find two consecutive odd positive integers, sum of whose squares is 290.
3x  1 2x  3 1 3
7. Solve for x : 3   
  2

  5; x  , .
 2x  3   3x  1  5 2

CASE STUDY_1
On a forest tour, camels and swans are spotted. One-fourth of a herd of camels
were seen in the forest, twice the square root of the herd had gone to mountains
and the remaining 15 camels were seen on the bank of a river. On the other
7
hand, out of a group of swans, times the square root of the number were
2
playing on the shore of a tank, while the two remaining ones were, playing, with
amorous fight, in the water.
Based on the above information, answer the given below questions:

(i) What was the total number of camels? 2
OR
What was the total number of swans? 2
(ii) How many camels were at the mountains? 1
(iii) How many camels were at the forest? 1
LEVEL_3
MCQ:
2
1. x 2
 1  x 2  0 has:
a) four real roots b) two real roots c) no real roots d) one real root.
2. A teacher asks three students to complete the following statement about the
nature of the roots of a quadratic equation. If q 2  4 pr  0 , the roots of the
quadratic equation px 2  qx  r  0 will be...

Zain answers, "always positive".
Vipul answers, "positive, if p, q, and r are positive".
Suman answers, "negative, if p, q, and r are positive".
Who answered correctly?
a) Zain b) Vipul c) Suman d) none of them

3. Aman solved a quadratic equation and found its roots to be real.
Which of these could represent the graph of the equation Aman solved?
a) only iii) b) only i) and ii)

c) only iii) and iv) d) only i), ii) and iv)
4. A sum of ₹4000 was divided among x persons. Had there been 10 more persons,
each would have got ₹80 less. Which of the following represents the above
situation?
a) x 2  10x  500  0 b) 8x 2  10x  400  0
c) x 2  10x  500  0 d) 8x 2  10x  400  0
x x  1 34
5. A teacher asked students to find the roots of the equation    0.
x 1 x 15
Two students, Ravi and Ankit gave following answers. Ravi said one of the roots
3
is . Ankit said one of the roots is (-5)/2. Who is correct?
2
a) Ravi b) Ankit
c) Both Ravi and Ankit d) Neither Ravi nor Ankit

2-MARKS
1. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2  7x  5 2  0 by factorization.
1
2. Using quadratic formula, determine the roots of the equation x   3.
x
3. Solve the quadratic equation 36x 2  12ax  a 2  b2   0 .
4. Solve the quadratic equation 3x 2  2 2x  2 3  0 .

5. Find the least positive value of k for which x 2  kx  16  0 has real roots.
9
6. Find the value of p for which the quadratic equation 2x 2  px   0 has real
2
and equal roots.
7. A quadratic equation with integral coefficient has integral roots. Justify your
answer.
8. Does there exist a quadratic equation whose coefficients are all distinct
irrationals but both the roots are rationals? Why?
2
9. If b = 0, c < 0, is it true that the roots of x  bx  c  0 are numerically equal and
opposite in sign? Justify?
10. Does there exist a quadratic equation whose coefficients are rational but both of
its roots are irrational? Justify your answer.
11. State whether the following quadratic equations have two distinct real roots.
3 1
Justify your answer. 2x 2  x 0
2 2
3-MARKS
2 2
1. Solve for x : a  b  x 2  4abx  a  b   0 .
2. For what values of k , does the  4  k  x 2   2k  4  x  8k  1  0 have equal roots.
Find the roots of the quadratic equation 12abx   9a  8b  x  6ab  0 in the

2 2 2
3.
variable x.
4. At present Asha’s age (in years) is 2 more than the square of her daughter
Nisha’s age. When Nisha grows to her mother’s present age, Asha’s age would be
one year less than 10 times the present age of Nisha. Find the present ages of
both Asha and Nisha.
5. If the roots of the equation b  c  x 2  c  a  x  a  b   0 are real and equal
then prove that 2b  a  c .
6. Solve for x : 9x 2  9 a  b  x   2a 2  5ab  2b 2   0

5-MARKS
1 1 1 1
1. Solve for x :    .
 x  1 x  2  x  2 x  3  x  3 x  4 6
 7x  1   5x  3  3 1
2. Solve for x : 3    4   11; x  . .
 5x  3   7x  1  5 7
3. A train takes 2 hours less for the journey of 3oo km, if its speed is increased by
5 km/h from its usual speed. Find the usual speed of the train.
4. Out of a number of Saras birds, one fourth of the number are moving about in
th th
1 1
lotus plants; coupled (along) with as well as 7 times the square root of
9 4
the number move on a hill; 56 birds remain in vakula trees. What is the total
number of birds?
5. A motor boat whose speed is 18 km/h in still water takes 1 hour more to go 24
km upstream than to return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the
stream.
CASE STUDY_1:
Two water taps A and B together can fill a tank in 6 hours. The tap A of larger
diameter takes 9 hours less than the smaller tap B to fill the tank separately. On
3
the other hand two water taps P and Q together can fill a same tank 9 hours.
8
The tap P of larger diameter takes 10 hours less than the smaller tap Q to fill the
tank separately.
(i) Write the quadratic equation representing the above situation where taps A and
B are considered. 1

(ii) Write the quadratic equation representing the above situation where taps P and
Q are considered. 1
(iii) How much time will be taken by tap A and tap B individually to fill the tank? 2
OR
How much time will be taken by tap P and tap Q individually to fill the tank? 2
CASE STUDY_2:
Quadratic Equations started around 3000 B.C with the Babylonians. They were
one of the world’s first civilization, and came up with some great ideas like
agriculture, irrigation and writing. There were many reasons why Babylonians
needed to solve quadratic equations. For example to know what amount of crop
you can grow on the square field.
Based on the above information, represent the following questions in the
form of quadratic equations:
(i) Two numbers differ by 3 and their product is 504. 1
(ii) The sum of two numbers is 15 and sum of their reciprocals is 3 . 1

10
(iii) The sum of squares of two consecutive integers is 650. 2
OR
(iv) A natural number whose square diminished by 84 is thrice of 8 more of the
given number. 2

SKILL BASED QUESTIONS
1. If the mean of the following distribution is 54, find the missing frequency x.
Class 0 – 20 20 – 40 40 – 60 60 – 80 80 – 100
Frequency 16 14 24 26 x

2. Solve graphically the system of linear equations 4x  5y  16  0 and
2x  y  6  0 . Determine the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and
the x-axis.

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
MIND MAPPING:

1. In Cartesian coordinate system, there is a Cartesian plane which is made up of
two number lines which are mutually perpendicular to each other. X-axis
(horizontal) and Y-axis (vertical) which represents two variables. These two
perpendicular lines are called coordinate axes.
2. The point of intersection of x-axis and y-axis i.e O is called the origin. The
coordinates of Origin are (0, 0).
3. X – Coordinate of a point is called abscissa and y-coordinate of a point is called
ordinate. A plane is divided by axes into four quadrants.
Q1 :  x, y  ; Q2 :  x,  y  ; Q3 :  x, y  ; Q4 :  x, y 
4. The coordinates of the x- axis is  x , 0 .
5. The coordinates of the y-axis is  0, y  .

6. If x  y then  x, y    y, x  and if x  y then  x, y    y, x  .
7. The distance between two points P  x1, y1  ,Q  x 2 , y 2  is ( x2  x1 ) 2  ( y2  y1 ) 2
8. The distance of the point P  x , y  from the Origin (0, 0) is x2  y2 .
9. Problems based on geometrical figure: To show that a given figure is a

a) Parallelogram:– prove that the opposite sides are equal and diagonals bisect
each other.
b) Rectangle:– prove that the opposite sides are equal and the diagonals are
equal.
c) Parallelogram but not rectangle:– prove that the opposite sides are equal and
the diagonals are not equal.
d) Rhombus:– prove that the four sides are equal
e) Square:– prove that the four sides are equal and the diagonals are equal.
f) Rhombus but not square:– prove that the four sides are equal and the
diagonals are not equal.
g) Isosceles triangle:– prove any two sides are equal.
h) Equilateral triangle:– prove that all three sides are equal.
i) Right triangle:– prove that sides of triangle satisfies Pythagoras theorem
10. If P  x , y  be any point on the line segment AB, which divides AB in the ratio of
m1 : m2 internally then coordinates of P  x , y  will be given by:
 m x  m2x1  m1y2  m2y1  

P  x, y    1 2 , .
 m1  m2 m1  m2 
11. The midpoint of the line segment joining the points A  x1, y1  and B  x 2 , y2  is
 x1  x2 y1  y2 
given by  ,
 2 2 
12. Let P and Q be the points of trisection (dividing into three equal parts) of the line
segment AB, then for finding the coordinates of P the ratio is 1:2 and for finding
the coordinates of Q the ratio is 2 : 1
13. The line drawn from the vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side
is called as median.
14. The point of concurrency of medians of a triangle is called as centroid.
15. The centroid divides the median in the ratio of 2:1

LEVEL_1
MCQ:
1. The distance of the point P(2, 3) from the X-axis is:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 5
2. The distance between the points A(0, 6) and B(0,- 2) is
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 2
3. The distance between the points  cos  , sin  and  sin ,  cos   is:
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0

4. The distance of the point P(- 6, 8) from the origin is
(a) 8 (b) 2√7 (c) 10 (d) 6
5. The perimeter of a triangle with vertices (0, 4), (0, 0) and (3, 0) is
(a) 5 (b) 12 (c)11 (d) 7+√5
6. The point which divides the line segment joining the points (7, – 6) and (3, 4) in
ratio 1: 2 internally lies in the
(a) I quadrant (b) II quadrant
(c) III quadrant (d) IV quadrant
7. If AOBC is a rectangle whose three vertices are A(0, 3), O(0, 0) and B(5, 0), then
the length of its diagonal is
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) √34 (d) 4
8. In what ratio does x-axis divide the line segment joining the points A(2, -3) and
B(5, 6)?
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 3 : 4 (d) 1 : 2
2-MARKS:
1. Points A(3, 1), B(5, 1), C(a, b) and D(4, 3) are the vertices of a parallelogram
ABCD. Find the values of a and b.
2. Find the ratio in which P(4, m) divides the line segment joining the points A(2, 3)
and B(6, -3). Hence find the value of m.
3. A line intersects the y-axis and x-axis at the points P and Q respectively. If (2, -
5) is the midpoint of PQ, then find the coordinates of P and Q.
4. Determine whether the given points (1, 5), (2, 3) and (-2, -11) are collinear.
5. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the join of (–1, 7) and (4, –3) in
the ratio 2 : 3.
6. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the points (– 3, 10) and (6, – 8)
is divided by (– 1, 6).

7. If the point P(2, 1) lies on the line segment joining the points A(4, 2) and B(8, 4),
then find the relation between AP and AB.
8. ABC is a right angled triangle, in which A(0, 2) and B(2, 0) are given. Then,
find the coordinates of C.
9. Prove that points (3, 0), (6, 4) and (-1, 3) are the vertices of a right angled
isosceles triangle.
10. If the points A(4, 3) and B(x, 5) are on the circle with centre O(2, 3), then find
the value of x 2  5 .
11. If the point C(-1, 2) divides internally the line segment joining A(2, 5) and B(x, y)
in the ratio of 3 : 4. Find the coordinates of B.
12. If the point C(k, 4) divides the join of points A(2, 6) & B(5, 1) in the ratio of 2 : 3,
find the value of k .
3-MARKS:
1. Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is the diameter of a circle whose
centre is (2, – 3) and B is (1, 4).
2. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining A(1, – 5) and B(– 4, 5) is divided
by the x-axis. Also find the coordinates of the point of division.
3. In the given figure of ABC , D and E are the midpoints of the sides BC and AC
respectively.
Find the length of DE and also prove that DE  1 AB .

2
4. Show that the points A(5, -1), B(8, 3), C(4, 0) and D(1,-4) are the vertices of a
rhombus.
5. If A and B are (– 2, – 2) and (2, – 4), respectively, find the coordinates of P such
3
that AP  AB and P lies on the line segment AB.
7
6. Find the coordinates of the points which divide the line segment joining A(– 2, 2)
and B(2, 8) into four equal parts.

5-MARKS:
1. Find the coordinates of the points which divide the line segment joining the
points A(-2, -2) and B(2, 8) into six equal parts.
2. In a class room, 4 friends are seated at the points A, B, C and D as shown in the
figure. Champa and Chameli walk into the class and after observing for a few
minutes, Champa asks Chameli, “Don’t you think ABCD is a square”?
Chameli disagrees. Using distance formula, find which of them is correct.

3. Points P, Q, R, S and T divide the line segment joining the points A(1, 2) and
B(6, 7) in 6 equal parts. Find the coordinates of the points P, Q, R, S and T.
4. The points (3, -4) and (-6, 5) are the end points of a diagonal of a parallelogram.
If one end of the end points of the second diagonal is (-2, 1), then find its other
end point.
5. Show that the quadrilateral PQRS formed by the vertices P(22, 5), Q(7, 10), R(12,
11) and S(3, 24) is not a parallelogram.
6. Show that the ABC , where A  2,0  , B  2,0  , C  0,2 and PQR where P(-4,0),
Q(4, 0) and R(0, 4) are similar triangles.

CASE STUDY_1
Two friends Seema and Aditya work in the same office at Delhi. In the Vacation
both decided to go to their hometowns represented by Town A and Town B
respectively in the figure given below. Town A and Town B are connected by
trains from the same station C (in the given figure) in Delhi. Based on the given
situation, answer the following questions.

(i) What are the locations of Town A (Seema) and Town B (Aditya)? 1
(ii) Locate the point K, which divides the line segment joining Town A and Town B
in the ratio of 2 : 1. 1
(iii) Who will travel more distance, Seema or Aditya to reach their hometown? 2
OR
Seema and Aditya planned to meet at a location D situated at a point D
represented by the mid-point of the line joining the points represented by Town
A and Town B.
Find the coordinates of the point represented by the point D. 2
CASE STUDY_2
The class X students of a secondary school in Krishinagar have been allotted a
rectangular plot of land for their gardening activity. Sapling of Gulmohar are
planted on the boundary at a distance of 1 m from each other. There is a
triangular grassy lawn in the plot as shown in the below figure. The students are
to sow seeds of flowering plants on the remaining area of the plot.
(i) Taking A as origin, find the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle PQR. 1
(ii) What is the midpoint of the side PQ, when A is the origin? 1
(iii) What will be the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle PQR if C is the origin? 2
OR
What is the midpoint of side QR, when C is the origin? 2
CASE STUDY_3
On the occasion of ‘Diwali’ a rectangular plot have been allotted for ‘Diwali Mela’
to students of secondary school in Hyderabad. In order to reduce smog and
pollution they decided to keep little leaf linden plant on the boundary at a
distance of 1 m from each other. Four air purifier machines have also been set
up at points L, M, N, O. (Answer the following questions considering A as origin).
(i) What are the coordinates of L? 1

(ii) What are the coordinates of N? 1
(iii) What is the distance between L and O? 2
OR
Find the mid-point of the segment joining the points L and N. 2
LEVEL_2
MCQ:
1. The distance of the point p(x, y) from the origin is:
(a) x2  y2 (b) 2x 2  2y 2 (c) 2 x 2  y 2 (d) x y
2. The coordinates of the point, where the line x  y  5 cuts Y-axis is:
(a)  0,5  (b)  0, 5  (c)  5,0  (d)  5,0 
3. The distance between the points a cos 300 , 0  and  0, a cos 60 0  is:
3 1
(a) (b) (c) a (d) 1
2 2
4. Sheena was asked to plot a point 10 unit on the left of the origin and other point
4 units directly above the origin. Which of the following are the two points?
(a) (10, 0) and (0,-4) (b) (-10, 0) and (4, 0)
(c) (10, 0) and (0, 4) (d) (-10, 0) and (0, 4)

 3  3
5. If  3,  is the mid-point of the line segment joining the points k, 0 &  7,  ,
 4  2
then the value of k is:
1 3
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) (d)
2 2
6. On a graph, two-line segments, AB and CD of equal length are drawn. Which of
these could be the coordinates of the points, A, B, C and D?
(a) A(-3,4) B(-1,2) and C(3,4) D(1,2) (b) A(-3,-4) B(-1,2) and C(3,4) D(1,2)
(c) A(-3,4) B(-1,-2) and C(3,4) D(1,2) (d) A(3,4) B(-1,2) and C(3,4) D(1,2)
2-MARKS
1. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining (4, –1)
and (–2, –3).
2. Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant from the
point (3, 6) and (– 3, 4).
 sin    cos  
3. Find the distance between the points P  , 0  and Q  0, .
 2   2 
4. If the distance between the points (4, p) and (1, 0) is 5, then find the value of p.
5. Show that if a circle has its centre at the origin and a point P(5, 0) lies on it,
then the point Q(6, 8) lies outside the circle.
6. P(-2, 5) and Q(3, 2) are two points. Find the coordinates of the point R on PQ
such that PR = 2QR.
 23 
7. What will be the value of y, if the point  , y  divides the line segment joining
 5 
the points (5, 7) and (4, 5) in the ratio 2 : 3 internally?
8. Point P divides the line segment joining the points A(2, 1) and B(5, -8) such that
AP 1
 . If P lies on the line 2x  y  k  0 , find the value of k .
AB 3
9. If the coordinates of one end of a diameter of a circle are (2, 3) and the
coordinates of its centre are (-2, 5). Find the coordinates of the other end of the
diameter?
10. If the midpoint of the line joining (3, 4) and (k, 7) is (x, y) and lies on the line
2x  2y  1  0 , then find the value of k.
11. Point P divides the line segment joining the points A(-1, 3) and B(9, 8) such that
AP k
 . If P lies on the line x  y  2  0 , then find the value of k.
BP 1

3-MARKS
1. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the points (– 3, 10) and (6, – 8)
is divided by (– 1, 6).
2. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining A(1, – 5) and B(– 4, 5) is divided
by the x-axis. Also find the coordinates of the point of division.
3. In what ratio does the Y-axis divide the line segment joining the points P(-4, 5)
and Q(3, -7)? Also, find the coordinates of the point of intersection.
3 5
4. Find the ratio in which the point P  ,  divides the line segment joining the
 4 12 
 1 3 
points A  ,  and B  2,  5  .
 2 2
5. If the centroid of the triangle formed by the points A(a, b), B(b, c) and C(c, a) is
a2 b2 c 2
at the origin. What is the value of   ?
bc ca ab
6. The coordinates of one end point of the diameter of a circle are (4, -1) and
coordinates of the centre of the circle are (1, -3).
(i) Find the coordinates of the other end of the diameter.
(ii) Find the diameter of the circle.
(iii) Calculate the area of the circle.
7. Prove that the diagonals of a rectangle ABCD, with vertices A(2, -1), B(5, -1), C(5,
6) and D(2, 6) are equal and bisect each other.
8. Determine the ratio in which the straight line x  y  2  0 divides the line
segment joining (3, -1) and (8, 9).
9. Name the type of triangle formed by the points P  2,  
2 , Q - 2,- 2  and

R  6, 6 . 
5-MARKS
1. Find the length of the medians RS and PT of a triangle PQR whose vertices are
P(6, -2), Q(6, 3) and R(3, 1).
2. An equilateral triangle has two vertices at the points (3, 4) and (-2, 3). Find the
coordinates of the third vertex.
3. Show that the points with coordinates (1, 7), (4, 2), (-1, -1) and (-4, 4) are the
vertices of a square.
4. If R(x, y) is a point on the line segment joining the points P(a, b) and Q(b, a) then
prove that x  y  a  b .

5. The coordinates of the vertices of ABC are A(1, -1), B(-4, 6) and C(-3, -5). Draw
the figure and prove that ABC is a scalene triangle.
6. If (-4, 3) and (4, 3) are two vertices of an equilateral triangle, find the coordinates
of the third vertex, given that the origin lies in the interior of the triangle.
7. To conduct Sports Day activities in your rectangular shaped school ground
ABCD, lines have been drawn with chalk powder at a distance of 1 m each. 100
flower pots have been placed at a distance of 1 m from each other along AD as
th
1
shown in the figure. Niharika runs the distance AD in the 2nd line and posts
4
th
1
a green flag. Preet runs the distance AD on the eighth line and posts a red
5
flag.
(i) What is the distance between both the flags?

(ii) If Rashmi has to post a blue flag exactly halfway between the line segment
joining the two flags, where should she post the flag?
(iii) Which mathematical concept is used in the above problems?
(iv) Which value is depicted in the problem?

CASE STUDY_1
For a sports event, certain points were marked on a rectangular ground
denoting positions of different drills.
(i) Find the distance between the points A and E. 1

(ii) What type of triangle is formed by joining the points A, Z and R? 2
OR
What is the ratio in which X-axis divides the joing of A and R? 2
(iii) What is the distance of the point B from F? 1
LEVEL_3
MCQ:
1. The points (- 4, 0), (4, 0) and (0, 3) are the vertices of a:
(a) right angled triangle (b) isosceles triangle
(c) equilateral triangle (d) scalene triangle
2. If the point P(2, 1) lies on the line segment joining points A(4, 2) and 6(8, 4),
then
1 1 1
(a) AP  AB (b) AP = PB (c) PB  AB (d) AP  AB
3 3 2
2. The distance between the points a cos   b sin, 0 and  0, a sin  b cos   is:
(a) a 2  b2 (b) a 2  b2 (c) 2 ab (d) 3 a 2  b 2

3. The point which lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining
the points A(-2, – 5) and B(2, 5) is:
(a) (0,0) (b) (0, 2) (c) (2, 0) (d)(-2,0)

4. The coordinates of the point which is equidistant from the three vertices of the
AOB as shown in the figure is:
x y y x 
(a)  x , y  (b)  y , x  (c)  ,  (d)  , 
2 2 2 2
 13 
5. If a circle is drawn with origin as the centre passes through  ,0  , then the
 2 
point which does not lie in the interior of the circle is:
 3   7  1  5
(a)   ,1 (b)  2,  (c)  5,   (d)  6, 
 4   3  2  2
2-MARKS
1. Find the point which lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line segment
joining the points A(-2, -5) and B(2, 5).
2. The vertices of a triangle are (a, b-c), (b, c-a) and (c, a-b). Prove that its centroid
lies on X-axis.
3. Show that ABC with vertices A(-2, 0), B(0, 2) and C(2, 0) is similar to DEF
with vertices D(-4, 0), E(4, 0) and F(0, 4).
4. AOBC is a rectangle whose three vertices are A(0, 3), O(0, 0) and B(5, 0). What is
the length of its diagonals?
5. If P & Q are the points of trisection of the line segment joining the points A(2, -2)
and B(-7, 4) such that P is nearer to A. Find the coordinates of P and Q.
6. The line segment joining the points A(2, 1) and B(5, -8) is trisected at the points
P and Q such that P is nearer to A. If P also lies on the line given by
2x  y  k  0 . Find the value of k .
7. Find a relation between x and y such that the points (x, y) is equidistant from
the point (3, 6) and (-3, 4).
8. If P(x, y) is any point on the line joining the points A(a, 0) and B(0, b) then show
that x  y  1 .
a b

9. If x  2y  k  0 is a median of the triangle whose vertices are at points A(-1, 3),
B(0, 4) and C(-5, 2) find the value of k .
10. Points A(-6, 10), B(-4, 6) and C(3, -8) are collinear such that AB  2 AC . Justify
9
your answer.
11. The vertices of a OAB are O(0, 0), A(4, 0) and B(0, 6). The median AD is drawn
on OB. Find the length of AD.
3-MARKS
1. Points P, Q, R and S divide the line segment joining the points A(1, 2) & B(6, 7)
in 5 equal parts. Find the coordinates of the points P, Q and R.
2. If the points A(-2, 1), B(a, b) and C(4, -1) are collinear and a  b  1 , find the
values of a and b.
3. If the points A(1, 2), B(4, q), C(p, 6) & D(3, 5) are the vertices of a parallelogram
ABCD, find the values of p and q.
4. If coordinates of midpoints of the sides of a triangle are (1, 2), (0, -1) and (2, -1).
Find the coordinates of its vertices.
5. ABCD is a parallelogram with vertices A  x1, y1  , B  x2, y2  and C  x3 , y3  . Find
the coordinates of the fourth vertex D in terms of x1, x2, x3, y1, y2 and y3 .
6. The centre of the circle is (2a, a-7). Find the values of ‘a’ if the circle passes
through (11, -9) and has the diameter 10 2 units.
7. If P  9a  2, b divides the line segment joining A  3a  1, 3 and B  8a,5 in the
ratio of 3 : 1, find the values of a and b.

8. Find the ratio in which the line 2x  3y  5  0 divides the line segment joining
the points (8, -9) and (2, 1). Also find the coordinates of the point of division.

5-MARKS
1. The midpoint ‘P’ of the line segment joining the points A(-10, 4) and B(-2, 0) lies
on the line segment joining the points C(-9, -4) and D(-4, y). Find the ratio in
which P divides CD. Also find the values of y.
2. If two vertices of a parallelogram are (3, 2), (-1, 0) and the diagonals cut at (2, -5)
then find the other vertices of the parallelogram.
3. If two opposite vertices of a square are (5, 4) and (1, -6) then find the coordinates
of it’s remaining the two vertices.
4. Using Analytical geometry, prove that diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other.
5. If the points A(1, -2), B(2, 3), C(a, 2) and D(-4, -3) form a parallelogram, find the
value of a and height of the parallelogram taking AB as base.
6. Ayush starts walking from his house to office. Instead of going to the office
directly, he goes to a bank first, from here to his daughter’s school and then
reaches the office. What is the extra distance travelled by Ayush in reaching the
office? (Assume that all distances covered are in straight lines). If the house is
situated at (2, 4), bank at (5, 8), school at (13, 14) and office at (13, 26) and
coordinates are in km.
7. The mid-points D, E and F of the sides of a triangle ABC are (3, 4), (8, 9) & (6, 7).
Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle.

CASE STUDY_1
The front door of a guest house is drawn/shown on the coordinate plane as
follows:

(i) What is the length of the line segment AB? 1
(ii) Is AB = AC? 1
(iii) What are the coordinates of the midpoint of BE and midpoint of ED? 2
OR
What is the ratio in which Y-axis divides BD? (Join BD)
CASE STUDY_2
Ravi lives in a multistorey apartment. One day, from his balcony he observed
that there is a flower bed on the ground in the shape of a parallelogram. He
draws the sketch of the flower bed on a graph paper as shown:
(i) What are the coordinates of the vertex D? 1

(ii) What are the coordinates of the point of intersection of the diagonals? 1
(iii) What is the length of the sides AB and AD? 2
OR
If we take A as the origin and AB as the x-axis then what are the coordinates of
M? 2

1. In a health checkup, the number of heart beats of 40 women were recorded in
the following table. Find the mean of the following by Assumed mean method.
Number of heart beats/minute 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84
Number of women 2 18 16 4

2. If the mode of the following series is 54, then find the value of f .
Class Interval 0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75 75-90
Frequency 3 5 f 16 12 7

TRIANGLES
MIND MAPPING

1. A polygon in which all sides and angles are equal is called a regular polygon. All
regular polygons having the same number of sides are always similar.
2. Two polygons with the same number of sides are similar if:
All the corresponding angles are equal and all the corresponding sides are in the
same ratio (or in proportion).
3. All congruent triangles are-similar but converse need not be true.
4. All squares, circles, and equilateral triangles, etc., are examples of similar
figures.
5. Basic proportionality Theorem (Thales Theorem): If a line is drawn parallel to
one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, then the
other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
6. Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem: If a line divides any two sides of a
triangle in the same ratio, then the line is parallel to the third side.
7. AAA criterion for similarity of triangles: If in two triangles, corresponding
angles are equal, then their corresponding sides are in the same ratio, hence the
two triangles are similar.
8. SSS criterion for similarity of triangles: If in two triangles, sides of one
triangle are proportional to the sides of the other triangle, then their
corresponding angles are equal, hence the triangles are similar.

9. SAS criterion for similarity of triangles: If in two triangles one angle of a
triangle is equal to one angle of the other triangle and the sides including these
angles are proportional, then the two triangles are similar.
10. If two angles of a triangle are equal to the two angles of another triangle, then
third angles of both triangles are equal by angle sum property of a triangle.
LEVEL_1
MCQ:
1. In the given below figure, if BAC  900 and AD  BC , then
(a) BD.CD  BC 2 (b) AB .AC  BC 2 (c) BD.CD  AD 2 (d) AB .AC  AD 2

2. In the figure given below, if DE|| BC, then the value of x is:
3 20 10 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
20 3 3 10
3. In the given figure, in XYZ, DE||YZ, so that the lengths of sides XD, XE and
EZ (in centimeters) are 2.4, 3.2 and 4.8 respectively. Then find the length of XY
(in centimeters) is
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8

4. If ABC  PQR , perimeter of ABC  20cm , perimeter of PQR = 40cm & PR =
8 cm, then the length of AC is:
(a) 6 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 10 cm
AB BC CA
5. If in two triangles ABC and PQR,   , then
QR PR PQ
(a) PQR  CAB (b) PQR  ABC (c) CBA  PQR (d) BCA  PQR
6. In the given figure if ABC  PQR , then the find the value of x is
(a) 2.5 cm (b) 3 cm (c) 3.5 cm (d) 4 cm

PQ 2 AP
7. In the figure PQ  BC , if  , then the value of is:
BC 5 PB
2 3 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 2 3 5
8. In triangles ABC and DEF, A  E  400 , AB : ED = AC : EF and F  650 ,
then find the value of B .
(a) 350 (b) 650 (c) 750 (d) 850
9. In the given figure, DE  BC then the value of EC is:
(a) 3 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 2 cm

10. In triangle ABC, DE  BC then the value of x is:
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 6

2-MARKS
1. Prove that the line joining the mid-points of any two sides of a triangle is parallel
to the third side.
2. In the figure, if AB||DC, find the value of ‘x’.
3. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB||DC and its diagonals intersect each other at
AO CO
O. Prove that  .
BO DO
4. In figure QA and PB are perpendicular to AB. If AO = 10 cm, BO=6cm and PB=9

cm then find AQ.
5. A vertical pole of length 6m casts a shadow 4m long on the ground and the same
time a tower casts a shadow 28m long. Find the height of the tower.
6. If D, E are points on the sides AB and AC of ABC such that AD = 6cm, BD =
9cm, AE = 8cm, EC =12cm. Prove that DE||BC.
7. In the given figure, PQR is an isosceles triangle with PQ = PR. S is a point on QR
QT QR
and T is a point on QP produced such that  , prove that PQS  TQR .
PR QS

8. In figure, BD and CE intersect each other at the point P. Is PBC ~ PDE ? Why?
9. If in two right triangles, one of the acute angles of one triangle is equal to an
acute angle of the other triangle, can you say that the two triangles will be
similar? Why?
10. Prove that a line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle parallel to
another side bisects the third side.
11. In the figure D  E and AD  AE , prove that BAC is an isosceles triangle.

DB EC
12. In the figure of ABC , the points D and E are on the sides CA, CB respectively
such that DE | | AB, AD = 2x, DC = x + 3, BE = 2x − 1 and CE = x. Then, find x.

3-MARKS
1. AD and PM are medians of triangles ABC & PQR respectively where
AB AD
ABC  PQR . Prove that  .
PQ PM
2. In the figure, sides AB, BC and median AD of ABC are respectively

proportional to sides PQ, QR and median PM of PQR . Prove that ABC  PQR
3. D is a point on the side BC of a triangle ABC such that ADC  BAC . So that
CA 2  CB .CD .
4. In figure, ABCD is a trapezium with AB||DC; E and F are the points on non-
parallel sides AD and BC respectively such that EF||AB, prove that AE  BF .

ED FC
5. In the figure, if LM||CB and LN||CD, prove that AM  AN .

AB AD
6. In the figure, if DE||AC and DF||AE. Prove that BF  BE .

FE EC

7. In figure ABE  ACD , show that ADE ~ ABC .
8. E is a point on side AD produced of a parallelogram ABCD and BE intersects CD

at F. Show that ABE ~ CFB .
5-MARKS
1. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides
in distinct points, prove that the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
2. The diagonals of a quadrilateral ABCD intersect each other at the point O such
that AO  CO . Show that ABCD is a trapezium.
BO DO
3. In figure DE||OQ and DF||OR. Show that EF||QR.
4. In figure, ABC and AMP are two right triangles, right angled at B & M
respectively. Prove that
i) ABC ~ AMP ii) CA  BC

PA MP

5. In the figure, A, B and C are points on OP, OQ and OR respectively such that
AB||PQ and AC||PR. Show that BC||QR.
6. In the figure, altitudes AD and CE of ABC intersect each other at the point P.
Show that:
i) AEP ~ CDP ii) ABD ~ CBE
iii) AEP ~ ADB iv) PDC ~ BEC
7. CD and GH are respectively the bisectors of  ACB and  EGF such that D and
H lie on sides AB and FE of ABC and EFG respectively.
If ABC ~ FEG , show that:
i) CD  AC
GH FG
ii) DCB ~ HGE
iii) DCA ~ HGF

CASE STUDY_1
Nazima is fly fishing in a stream. The tip of her fishing rod is 1.8m above the
surface of the water and the fly at the end of the string rests on the water 3.6 m
away and 2.4 m from a point directly under the tip of the rod. She is pulling the
string at the rate of 5 cm per second. Nazima’s friend observe her position and
draw a rough sketch by using A, B, C, and D positions of tip, point directly
under the tip of the rod, fish and Nazima’s position (see the below figure).
Assuming that her string (from the tip of her rod to the fly) is taut, answer the
following questions.
Based on the above information answer the following questions:

(i) What is the length of AC? 1
(ii) What is the length of the string pulled in 12 seconds? 1
(iii) What is the length of the string after 12 seconds ? 2
OR
What will be the horizontal distance of the fly from her after 12 seconds? 2
CASE STUDY_2
The law of reflection states that when a ray of light reflects off a surface, the
angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Ramesh places a mirror on level ground to determine the height of a pole (with
traffic light fired on it). He stands at a certain distance so that he can see the top
of the pole reflected from the mirror. Ramesh’s eye level is 1.5 m above the
ground. The distance of Ramesh and the pole from the mirror are 1.8 m and 6 m
respectively.
(i) Which criterion of similarity is applicable to similar triangles? 1
(ii) What is the height of the pole? 1
(iii) Now Ramesh move behind such that distance between pole and Ramesh is 13
meters. He place mirror between him and pole to see the reflection of light in
right position. What is the distance between mirror and Ramesh? 2
OR
What is the distance between mirror and pole? 2
CASE STUDY_3
A group of students to volunteer are working in making a safety board for
school. They prepared once triangular safety board for their school with title
“School Ahead” and “Drive Slow” in two parts of the triangular board as shown
in the figure.

(i) If AD = 2 cm, BD = 5 cm and AE = 3 cm then find the value of EC? 1
(ii) If AD = 3 cm, AB = 9 cm, BC = 6 cm then find the value of DE? 1
(iii) If A  600 and ADE  500 find the value of C . 2
OR
D and E are respectively the points on the sides AB and AC of a ΔABC such that
AB = 12.5 cm, AD = 5 cm, EC = 6 cm and AE = 4 cm. Is DE || EC? Give reason
for your answer. 2
LEVEL_2
MCQ:
AB BC
1. If in triangle ABC and DEF,  then they will be similar if:
DE FD
(a) B  E (b) A  D (c) B  D (d) A  F
2. If ABC  PQR , then find the value of y  z .
(a) 2  3 (b) 4  3 3 (c) 4  3 (d) 3  4 3
3. In the given figure, YXZ  XPZ then the value of ZX is.

ZY
PZ
(a) PZ 2 (b) XZ 2 (c) (d) ZY  ZP
XZ

4. In the given figure, ACB  APQ . If AB = 6cm, BC = 8cm and PQ = 4cm, then
find the value of AQ.
(a) 2 cm (b) 2.5 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 3.5 cm

5. In the given figure, DE||AC. Which of the following is true?
a b ax ay x a
(a) x  (b) y  (c) x  (d) 
ay a b a b y b
6. If triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF such that 2AB = DE and BC = 8cm,
then find the value of EF.
(a) 16 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 4 cm
1
7. If in ABC , AB = 6cm, DE||BC such that AE  AC , then the length of AD is:
4
(a) 3 cm (b) 1.5 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 8 cm
8. In a ABC , AD is the bisector of  BAC . If AB = 6cm, AC = 5cm and BD = 3cm,

then the value of DC is:
(a) 11.3 cm (b) 2.5 cm (c) 3 : 5 (d) None of these
9. If triangle ABC and DEF are similar triangles such that A  450 and F  560
then C is equal to:
(a) 790 (b) 1010 (c) 560 (d) 450

10. ABCD is a trapezium such that BC||AD and AD = 4 cm. If the diagonals AC and
BD intersect at O such that AO  DO  1 , then the value of BC is:

OC OB 2
(a) 6 cm (b) 7 cm (d) 8 cm (d) 9 cm
2-MARKS
1. In the figure ABCD is a parallelogram. AE divides the line segment BD in the
ratio 1 : 2. If BE = 1.5 cm find BC.
2. In ABC , D and E are the point on the side AB and AC respectively such that
DE||BD. If AD = 6x – 7, DB = 4x – 3, AE = 3x – 3 and EC = 2x – 1, then find the
value of x.
3. In the given figure, find ‘x’ in terms of p, q and r.
4. If one diagonal of a trapezium divides the other diagonal in the ratio 1:3. Prove
that one of the parallel sides is three times the other.
5. In the given figure ABC, AB||DE and BD||EF, prove that DC2 = CF × AC.
6. Two sides and the perimeter of one triangle are respectively three times the
corresponding sides and the perimeter of the other triangle. Are the two triangles
similar? Why?

7. In ABC , AB = AC and D is a point on side AC such that BC2 = AC.CD. Prove
that BD = BC.
8. In the given figure, ODC  OBA ,  BO C  1 15 0 and  CDO  70 0 . Find
(i)  DOC (ii)  DCO (iii)  OAB (iv)  OBA
9. It is given that FED ~ STU . Is it true to say that DE  EF .

ST TU
10. Is the following statement true? Why?
“Two quadrilaterals are similar, if their corresponding angles are equal”
3-MARKS
1. P & Q are points on sides AB and AC respectively of ABC . If AP = 3 cm, PB =
6cm, AQ = 5cm and QC = 10cm, show that BC = 3PQ.
2. Find the value of x for which DE  AB in the given figure.
3. In the given figure, M is the mid-point of the side CD of parallelogram ABCD.

The line segment BM is drawn intersecting AC in L and AD produced in E. Prove
that EL = 2BL and BL = 2ML.

4. Legs (sides other than the hypotenuse) of a right triangle are of lengths 16cm
and 8cm. Find the length of the side of the largest square that can be inscribed
in the triangle.
5. In figure D  E and AD  AE , prove that BAC is an isosceles triangle.

DB EC
6. From airport, two aeroplanes start at the same time. If speed of first aeroplane
due North is 500 km/h and that of other due East is 650 km/h, then find the
distance between two aeroplanes after 2 hours.
7. X is any point inside DEF and is joined to all three vertices. From point P on
DX, PQ||DE is drawn which meets EX at Q and from Q, QR||EF is drawn
which meets XF at R. Prove that PR||DF.

8. In the figure above, AB  PQ  C D , AB = x units, CD = y units and PQ = z units,
1 1 1
prove that   .
x y z
5-MARKS
1. In the figure, P is the mid-point of BC and Q is the mid-point of AP. If BQ when
produced meets AC at R, prove that RA  1 CA .
3
2. In ABC , the bisector of B meets AC at D. A line PQ||AC meets AB, BC and

BD at P, Q and R respectively. Show that
i) PR x BQ = QR x BP ii) AB × CQ = BC × AP
3. AD is a median of ABC . The bisector of ADB and  ADC meet AB and AC in
E and F respectively. Prove that EF||BC.

4. In the figure, if ADE  B show that ADE ~ ABC . If AD = 3.8 cm, AE = 3.6
cm, BE = 2.1 cm and BC = 4.2 cm, find DE.
5. In the figure, considering triangles BEP and CPD, prove that BP × PD = EP × PC.
6. In trapezium ABCD, AB  DC , DC=2AB. EF  AB where E & F lie on BC & AD
respectively such that BE  4 . Also diagonal DB intersects EF at G. Show that

EC 3
7EF  11AB
7. A street light bulb is fixed on a pole 6m above the level of the street. If a woman
of height 1.5 cm casts shadow of 3 cm, find the base of the pole.
8. A vertical row of trees 12 m long casts a shadow 8 m long on the ground, at the
same time a tower casts the shadow 40m long on the ground.
i) Determine the height of the tower.
ii) Which mathematical concept is used in this problem?

CASE STUDY_1
Sujith’s father is a mathematician. One day he gave Sujith an activity to
measure the height of building. Rohit accepted the challenge and placed a
mirror on ground level to determine the height of the building. He is standing at
a certain distance so that he can see the top of the building reflected from
mirror. Sujith eye level is at 1.8 m above the ground. The distance of Sujith from
mirror and that of building from mirror are 1.5m and 2.5m respectively.

(i) What are the two similar triangles formed in the given figure? 1
(ii) What is the height of the building? 1
(iii) In ABM , if BAM  300 then find the value of MCD . 2
OR
If ABM and CDM are similar where CD = 6cm, MD = 8cm, and BM = 24 cm
then find the value of AB. 2
LEVEL_3
MCQ:
1. In the given below figure, PQ is parallel to MN. If KP  4 and KN  20.4 then
PM 13
the value of KQ .
(a) 2.4 cm (b) 4.8 cm (c) 3.6 cm (d) 1.2 cm

2. In the figure below, PQR is a right-angled triangle, right angled at P. A
perpendicular line PS is drawn from P to QR. PR = 5 cm and PQ = 12 cm.
What is RS : SQ?
(a) 5:12 (b) 13:17 (c) 13:60 (d) 25:144
3. In the following figure, Q is a point on PR and S is a point on TR. QS is drawn
and ∠RPT = ∠RQS.
Which of these criteria can be used to prove that ΔRSQ is similar to ΔRTP?
(a) AAA similarity criterion (b) SAS similarity criterion
(c) SSS similarity criterion (d) RHS similarity criterion
4. What is the value of x?
ac b c ab bc
(a) (b) (c) (d)
b c ac a c a c

5. Shown below are three triangles. The measures of two adjacent sides and
included angle are given for each triangle.
Which of these triangles are similar?

(a) RPQ and XZY (b) RPQ and MNL
(c) XYZ and MNL
(d) RPQ , XYZ and MNL are similar to one another.
2-MARKS
1. In the figure, AO  BO  1 and AB = 5cm. Find the value of DC.

OC OD 2
2. In ABC , B  2C and the bisector of B intersects AC of D. Prove that

BD BC
 .
DA BA
3. In the given figure, ABC is a triangle in which A  B and AD=BE. Prove that
DE||AB.

4. In the given figures, find the measure of X , if PQR  ZYX .
5. In the given figure, ABC is isosceles right-angled triangle with such that
B  900 , PQ  AC and ST  AC where P lies on AB and S lies on BC. Prove
that AQP  CTS .
6. In an isosceles triangle ABC with AB = AC, D and E are the points on BC such
that BE = CD. Find the value of AD .

AE
7. In triangle ABC, if AB = AC and D is a point on side AB such that BC 2  AC  CD

then, prove that BD = BC.
8. In the figure BED  BDE and E is the middle point of BC. Prove that
AF AD

CF BE .

9. In ABC , if X and Y are the points on AB and AC respectively such that
AX 3
 , AY = 5 and YC = 9, then state whether XY and BC are parallel or not.
XB 4
3-MARKS
1. In the given figure PQRS is a rhombus such that RQ is produced to E and SE is
joined. SE and PR intersect at D. Prove that SD.RE = SR.DE
2. E is a point on the side AD produced of a parallelogram ABCD and BE intersects

CD at F. Show that AB × BC = AE × CF.
3. In the given figure, DB  BC ; DE  AB and AC  BC . Prove that BE  AC .

DE BC
4. In given figure ABC , X and Y are two points lying on the side BC such that BX
= CY. If DX||AC and YE||AB, then prove that DE||BC.
5. In given figure ABCD is a parallelogram such that diagonals AC, BD intersect at
O. If P is mid-point of CD and CQ  1 AC . Prove that R is mid-point of BC.

4

6. If base of a right-angled triangle is twice the base of another right-angled
triangle and height of the first right angled triangle is one-fourth of the other’s
height, then find the ratio of areas of first triangle to second triangle.
7. In figure if AB||DC and AC and PQ intersect each other at the point O, prove
that OA.CQ=OC.AP.
8. In the given figure, two triangles ABC and DBC lie on same side of BC. P is a
point on BC such PQ || BA and PR || BD. Prove that QR || AD.
5-MARKS
1. Prove that the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side
internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
2. Prove that the external bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side
externally in the ratio of the side containing the angle.
3. If two scalene triangles are equiangular, prove that the ratio of the
corresponding sides is same as the ratio of the corresponding angle bisector
segments.
4. In figure, OB is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment DE, FA  OB on
FE intersects OB at the point C. Prove that 1  1  2 .

OA OB OC

5. In figure, if PQRS is a parallelogram and AB||PS, then prove that OC||SR.
6. A 5m long ladder is placed leaning towards a vertical wall such that it reaches
the wall at a point 4m high. If the foot of the ladder is moved 1.6m towards the
wall, then find the distance by which the top of the ladder would slide upwards
on the wall.
7. In the figure PQRS is a trapezium in which PQ||RS. On PQ and RS, there are
points E and F respectively such that EF intersects SQ at G. Prove that
EQ  GS  GQ  FS
8. In the figure, P is any point on side BC of ABC , PQ||BA and PR||CA are
drawn. RQ is extended to meet BC produced at D. Prove that DP2 = DB.DC.
9. In ABC , AD is a median and O is any point on AD. OB and OC on producing

meet AC and AB at E and F respectively. Now, AD is produced to X such that
OD = DX as shown in figure. Prove that: i) EF||BC ii) AO : AX = AF : AB

in distinct points, prove that the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
Using the above, prove the following. In the figure, AB||DE and BC||EF. Prove
that AC||DF.

CASE STUDY_1
Meenal was trying to find the height of the tower near his house. She is using
the properties of similar triangles. The height of Meenal’s house is 20m. When
Meenal’s house casts a shadow is 10m long the ground, at the same time, tower
casts a shadow of 50m long and Arun's house casts a shadow of 20m long on
the ground as shown below.

(i) What is the height of the tower? 1
(ii) What will be the length of the shadow of tower when Meenal’s house caste a
shadow 15m? 1
(iii) If the tower casts a shadow of 40m, then find the length of the shadow of Arun’s
house? 2
OR
If the tower casts a shadow of 40m, then what will be the length of shadow of
Meenal’s house? 2

CASE STUDY_2
Two hotels are at the ground level on the either sides of a mountain. On moving
a certain distance towards the top of the mountain two huts are situated as
shown in the figure. The ration between the distance from hotel B to hut-2 and
that of hut-2 to mountain top is 3 : 7.

(i) What is the ratio of perimeters of the triangle formed by both hotels and
mountain top to the triangle formed by both huts and mountain top? 1
(ii) What is the distance between hotel A and hut-1? 1
(iii) If the horizontal distance between the hut-1 and hut-2 is 8 miles, then what is
the distance between the two hotels? 2
OR
If the distance from mountain top to hut-1 is 5 miles more than that of distance
from hotel B to mountain top, then what is the distance between hut-2 and
mountain top?

CASE STUDY_3
Shweta went to a beach with her uncle. From a point A where Shweta was
standing, a ship and light house come in a straight line as shown in the figure.

(i) Which similarity criteria can be seen in this case, if ship and lighthouse are
considered as straight lines? 1
(ii) The distance between Shweta and Ship is twice as much as the height of the
ship. What is the height of the ship? 1
(iii) If the distance of Shweta from the lighthouse is twelve times the height of the
ship, then what is the ratio of heights of the ship and lighthouse? 2
OR
What is the ratio of the distance between Shweta and top of ship to the distance
between the tops of the ship and lighthouse? 2

in distinct points, then prove that the other two sides are divided in the same
ratio.

2. If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then prove that the
line is parallel to the third side.

SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
MIND MAPPING
Basic Facts and Formulae:
Shape Parameters Surface Area (Sq.units) Volume (Cu.units)
Length = l, TSA  2 lb  bh  lh 

Cuboid Breadth = b V  l b h
Height = h LSA  2h l  b
Length = Breadth TSA  6l 2

Cube V  l3
= Height = l LSA  4l 2
Radius = r CSA  2 rh
Cylinder V   r 2h
Height = h TSA  2r h  r 
Radius = r CSA   rl 1
Cone height = h V   r 2h
TSA   r l  r  3
Slant Height = l
4
Sphere Radius = r CSA  TSA  4 r 2 V  r 3
3
Hemisph 2
Radius = r CSA  2 r 2 , TSA  3 r 2 V  r 3
ere 3

Surface Area and Volume of Combination of solids:
(i) Cone on a Cylinder:
r = radius of cone & cylinder;

h1 = height of cone
h2 = height of cylinder
(a) Total Surface area = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder + area of circular base
2
= rl  2rh2  r
2 2
(b) Slant height, l  r  h
Total Volume = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder = 1  r 2h 1   r 2h 2 .

3
(ii) Cone on a Hemisphere:
2 2
h = height of cone, l = slant height  r  h , r = radius of cone and hemisphere
(a) TSA = CSA of cone + CSA of hemisphere =  rl  2 r 2
(b) Volume = Volume of cone + Volume of hemisphere = 1  r 2h  2  r 3

3 3
(iii) Conical Cavity in a Cylinder:
r = radius of cone and cylinder, h = height of cylinder and conical cavity

l = Slant height

TSA = CSA of cylinder + Area of bottom face of cylinder + CSA of cone
= 2 rh   r 2   rl
Volume = Volume of cylinder – Volume of cone =  r 2h  1  r 2h  2  r 2h
3 3
(iv) Cones on Either Side of Cylinder:
r = radius of cylinder and cone, h1 = height of cylinder, h2 = height of cones

2 2
Slant height of cone, l  r  h
(a) Surface area = CSA of 2 cones + CSA of cylinder = 2rl  2rh1
(b) Volume = 2(Volume of cone) + Volume of cylinder = 2  r 2h 2   r 2h1
3
(v) Cylinder with Hemispherical Ends:
r = radius of cylinder and hemispherical ends;

h = height of cylinder
(a) TSA = CSA of cylinder + CSA of 2 hemispheres = 2 rh  4 r 2
(b) Volume = Volume of cylinder + Volume of 2 hemispheres =  r 2h  4  r 3
3
(vi) Hemisphere on Cube:
a = side of cube
r = radius of hemisphere.
(a) Surface area = SA of cube – Area of hemisphere face + CSA of hemisphere
= 6a2 – πr2 + 2πr2 = 6a2 + πr2
(b) Volume = Volume of cube + Volume of hemisphere = a 3  2  r 3

3

(vii) Hemispherical Cavity in a Cylinder:
r = radius of hemisphere, h = height of cylinder

(a) TSA = CSA of cylinder + SA of base + CSA of hemisphere
=  2 rh   r 2  2 r 2  2 rh  3 r 2
(b) Volume = Volume of cylinder – Volume of hemisphere =  r 2h  2  r 3

3
LEVEL_1
MCQ:
1. If two solid hemispheres of same base radius r are joined together along their
bases, then curved surface area of this new solid is
(a) 47πr2 (b) 6πr2 (c) 3πr2 (d) 8πr2
2. A right circular cylinder of radius r cm and height h cm (where, h>2r) just
encloses a sphere of diameter is:
(a) r cm (b) 2r cm (c) h cm (d) 2h cm
3. The radii of two cylinders are in the ratio of 2 : 3 and their heights are in the
ratio of 5 : 3 then, the ratio of their volumes is:
(a) 22 : 23 (b) 16 : 19 (c) 25 : 29 (d) 20 : 27
4. If volumes of two spheres are in the ratio of 64 : 27, then the ratio of their
surface areas is:
(a) 4 : 3 (b) 16 : 9 (c) 64 : 27 (d) 3 : 4
5. If the surface areas of two spheres are in the ratio of 16 : 9, then the ratio of
their volumes.
(a) 4 : 3 (b) 16 : 9 (c) 64 : 27 (d) 3 : 4
6. A cylindrical pencil sharpened at one edge is the combination of:
(a) a cone and a cylinder (b) frustum of a cone and a cylinder
(c) a hemisphere and a cylinder (d) two cylinders
7. The radius of the hemispherical bowl, given that the circumference of its edge is
132 cm (Use   22 ) is:

7
(a) 14 cm (b) 21 cm (c) 7 cm (d) 28 cm

8. Ratio of volumes of two cylinders with equal heights is:
(a) H : h (b) R : r (c) R2: r2 (d) None of these
9. Ratio of lateral surface areas of two cylinders with equal heights is:
(a) 1 : 2 (b) H : h (c) R : r (d) None of these
2-MARKS
1. 2 cubes each of volume 64 cm3 are joined end to end. Find the surface area of
the resulting cuboid.
2. A cone, a hemisphere and a cylinder stand on equal bases and have the same
height. Show that their volumes is 1 : 2 : 3.
3. Find the volume of a right circular cylinder of height 21 cm and base radius 5
cm.
4. What will be the approximate volume of the largest circular cone that can be cut
out from a cube of edge 4.2 cm?
5. A solid is in the shape of a cone surmounted on a hemisphere. The radius of
each of them being 3.5 cm and the total height of the solid is 9.5 cm. Find the
volume of the solid.
6. A heap of rice is in the form of a cone of base diameter 24 m and height 3.5 m.
Find the volume of the rice. How much canvas cloth is required to just cover the
heap?
7. Isha is 10 years old girl. On the result day, Isha and her father Suresh were very
happy as she got first position in the class. While coming back to their home,
Isha asked for a treat from her father as a reward for her success. They went to
a juice shop and asked for two glasses of juice. Aisha, a juice seller, was serving
juice to her customers in two types of glasses. Both the glasses had inner radius
3 cm. The height of both the glasses was 10 cm.
First Type: A glass with hemispherical raised bottom.

Second Type: A glass with conical raised bottom of height 1.5 cm.
Isha insisted to have the juice in first type of glass and her father decided to
have the juice in second type of glass. Out of the two, Isha or her father Suresh,
who got more quantity of juice to drink and by how much?
8. A sphere of maximum volume is cut out from a solid hemisphere of radius 6 cm.
Find the volume of the cut out sphere.
9. A 5 m wide cloth is used to make a conical tent of base diameter 14 m and
height 24 m. Find the cost of cloth used at the rate of Rs.25 per meter.
10. The volume of a right circular cylinder with its height equal to the radius is 25 1
7
cm3. Find the height of the cylinder. (Use   22 ).

7
11. The ratio of the volumes of two spheres is 8 : 27. If r and R are the radii of
spheres respectively, then find the value of  R  r  : r .
12. If a rectangular sheet of paper 40 cm x 22 cm is rolled to form a hollow cylinder

of height 40 cm, then find the radius of the cylinder (in cm).
3-MARKS
1. From a solid right circular cylinder of height 14 cm and base radius 6 cm, a
right circular cone of same height and same base removed. Find the volume of
the remaining solid.
2. A wooden article is made by scooping out a hemisphere from each end of a solid
cylinder as shown in the fig. If the height of the cylinder is 10cm and its base
radius is 3.5cm. Find the total surface area of the article.
3. A toy is in the form of a cone of radius 3.5 cm mounted on a hemisphere of same

radius on its circular face. The total height of the toy is 15.5 cm. Find the total
surface area of the toy.

4. From a solid right circular cylinder of height 2.4cm and radius 0.7cm, a right
circular cone of same height and same radius is cut out. Find the total surface
area of the remaining solid.
5. In the figure, a tent is in the shape of cylinder surmounted by a conical top of
same diameter. If the height and diameter of cylindrical part are 2.1m and 3m
respectively and slant height of the conical part is 2.8m, then find the cost of
canvas needed to make the tent, if the canvas is available at the rate of 500 m2.
(Use   22 ).
7
6. A solid is in the shape of a cone standing on a hemisphere with both their radii
being equal to 1 cm and the height of the cone is equal to its radius. Find the
volume of the solid in terms of π.
7. A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with two hemispheres stuck to
each of its ends (see below fig.). The length of the entire capsule is 14 mm and
the diameter of the capsule is 5 mm. Find its surface area.
8. A sphere of diameter 12cm, is dropped in a right circular cylindrical vessel,

partly filled with water. If the sphere is completely submerged in water, the
water level in the cylindrical vessel rises by 3 5 c m . Find the diameter of the
9
cylindrical vessel.
9. The radii of two right circular cylinders are in the ratio of 2 : 3 and their heights
are in the ratio of 5 : 4. Calculate the ratio of their curved surface area and ratio
of their volumes.
10. A rectangular sheet of paper of dimensions 44cm x 18cm is rolled along its
length and a cylinder is formed. Find the volume of the cylinder so formed (Use
22
  ).
7

5-MARKS
1. A pen stand made of wood is in the shape of a cuboid with four conical
depressions to hold pens. The dimensions of the cuboid are 15 cm by 10 cm by
3.5 cm. The diameter of each of the depressions is 1 cm and the depth is 1.4 cm.
Find the volume of wood in the entire stand.
2. A gulab jamun, contains sugar syrup up to about 30% of its volume.
(i) Find approximately how much syrup would be found in 45 gulab jamuns,
each shaped like a cylinder with two hemispherical ends with length 5 cm and
diameter 2.8 cm.
(ii) Which mathematical concept is used in the above problem?
3. A juice seller was serving his customers using glasses as shown in Fig. given
below. The inner diameter of the cylindrical glass was 5 cm, but the bottom of
the glass had a hemispherical raised portion which reduced the capacity of the
glass. If the height of a glass was 10 cm, find the apparent capacity of the glass
and its actual capacity. (Use π = 3.14).
4. Rachel, an engineering student, was asked to make a model shaped like a

cylinder with two cones attached at its two ends by using a thin aluminium
sheet. The diameter of the model is 3 cm and its length is 12 cm, then

(i) If each cone has a height of 2 cm, find the volume of air contained in the
model that Rachel made. (Assume the outer and inner dimensions of the model
to be nearly the same.)
(ii) Which mathematical concept is used in the above problem?
5. A solid consisting of a right circular cone of height 120 cm and radius 60 cm
standing on a hemisphere of radius 60 cm is placed upright in a right circular
cylinder full of water such that it touches the bottom. Find the volume of water
left in the cylinder, if the radius of the cylinder is 60 cm and its height is 180
cm.
6. Due to heavy floods in a state, thousands were rendered homeless. 50 schools
collectively offered to the state government to provide place and the canvas for
1500 tents to be fixed by the government and decided to share the whole
expenditure equally. The lower part of each tent is cylindrical of base radius 2.8
m and height 3.5 m, with conical upper part of same base radius but of height
2.1 m. If the canvas used to make the tents costs Rs 120 per sq. m, find the
amount shared by each school to set up the tents. What value is generated by
the above problem? (Use   22 ).

7
7. The decorative block shown in the given below fig. is made of two solids — a
cube and a hemisphere. The base of the block is a cube with edge 5 cm, and the
hemisphere fixed on the top has a diameter of 4.2 cm. Find
(i) The total surface area of the block.
(ii) The volume of the block formed. (Take   22 ).

7

CASE STUDY_1
Mathematics teacher of a school took her 10th standard students to show Red
fort. It was a part of their Educational trip. The teacher had interest in history
as well. She narrated the facts of Red fort to students. Then the teacher said in
this monument one can find combination of solid figures. There are 2 pillars
which are cylindrical in shape. Also 2 domes at the corners which are
hemispherical.7 smaller domes at the centre. Flag hoisting ceremony on
Independence Day takes place near these domes.

(i) Write the formula to find the volume of a cylindrical pillar. 1
(ii) How much cloth material will be required to cover 2 big domes each of radius
2.5 metres (take   22 )? 2

7
OR
What is the ratio of sum of volumes of two hemispheres of radius 2 cm each to
the volume of a sphere of radius 4 cm? 2
(iii) Find the lateral surface area of two pillars if height of the pillar is 7m and radius
of the base is 1.4m. 1
CASE STUDY_2
Advertising columns are cylindrical outdoor sidewalk structures with a
characteristic style that are used for advertising and other purposes. They are
common throughout Germany including its capital Berlin, where the first 100
columns were installed in 1855. Advertising columns are typically used to
display advertisements in the form of posters, traditionally chiefly theatre, and
cinema, nightclub, and concert announcements. Some are motorized and rotate
very slowly.

Rajesh has been given the task of designing a advertising column for a client. It
consist of a cylindrical part surmounted by hemisphere part on top. The base
diameter of column is 7 feet and height of cylindrical part is 11 feet.
(i) Find the surface area of cylindrical part of column? 1
(ii) Find the total surface area of advertising column? 2
OR
Find the volume of advertising column? 2
(iii) If cost of construction of column is Rs 75 per sq feet, find total cost of column. 1
CASE STUDY_3
Mathematics teacher of a school took her 10th standard students to show Gol
Gumbaz. It was a part of their Educational trip. The teacher had interest in
history as well. She narrated the facts of Gul Gumbaz to students. Gol Gumbaz
is the tomb of king Muhammad Adil Shah, Adil Shah Dynasty. Construction of
the tomb, located in Vijayapura Karnataka, India, was started in 1626 and
completed in 1656. Then the teacher said in this monument one can find
combination of solid figures. She pointed that there are cubical bases and
hemispherical dome is at the top.

(i) What is the diagonal of the cubic portion of the Gol Gumbaz, if one side of the
cubical portion is 23m? 1
(ii) A block of Gol Gumbaz is in the shape of a cylinder of diameter 0.5 cm with two
hemispheres stuck to each of its ends. The length of the shape is 2 cm. Find the
volume of the block. (Use   3.14 ) 2
OR
A block of Gol Gumbaz is in the shape of a cylinder of diameter 1 cm with two
hemispheres stuck to each of its ends. The length of the shape is 4 cm. Find the
Total surface area of the block. (Use   3.14 ) 2
(iii) If two solid hemispheres of same base radii r, are joined together along their
bases, then find the curved surface area of this new solid. 1
LEVEL_2
MCQ:
1. If the radius of the sphere is increased by 100%, the volume of corresponding
sphere is increased by:
(a) 200% (b) 500% (c) 700% (d) 800%
2. From a solid circular cylinder with height 10 cm and radius of the base 6 cm, a
right circular cone of the same height and same base is removed, then the
volume of remaining solid is
(a) 280 π cm3 (b) 330 π cm3 (c) 240 π cm3 (d) 440 π cm3
3. A cylinder, a cone and a hemisphere have same base and same height. Find the
ratio of their volumes (taken in same order as given in the question).
(a) 3 : 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 : 3 (c) 1:1:1 (d) 1 : 2 : 3
4. The volume (in cm3) of the largest right circular cone that can be cut off from a
cube of edge 4.2 cm.
(a) 1.9404 cm3 (b) 19.404 cm3 (c) 194.04 cm3 (d) 1940.4 cm3
5. If the radius of the base of a right circular cylinder is halved, keeping the height
same, then the ratio of the volume of the cylinder thus obtained to the volume of
original cylinder.
(a) 1:2 (b) 2:1 (c) 1:4 (d) 4:1

6. A solid metallic object is shaped like a double cone as shown in the figure.
Radius of the base of both cones is same but their heights are different. If this
cone is immersed in water, then the quantity of water it will be displaced is:
(a)  r 2 h1  h 2 
2
(b) 2 r h1  h2  (c)  r h1  h 2  (d) All of these
3
2-MARKS
1. A cubical block of side 7 cm is surmounted by a hemisphere. What is the
greatest diameter the hemisphere can have? Find the surface area of the solid
2. Two cubes of 5 cm each are kept together joining edge to edge to form a cuboid.
Find the surface area of the cuboid so formed.
3. If total surface area of the solid hemisphere is 462 cm2, then find its volume
(Use   22 ).
7
4. From a right circular cylinder of height 2.4 cm and radius 0.7 cm, a right
circular cone of same radius is cut-out. Find the total surface area of the
remaining solid.
5. A right triangle with sides 3cm, 4cm and 5cm is rotated about the side of 3cm to
form a cone. Find the volume of the cube so formed.
6. Find the volume of the greatest sphere that can be cut off from a cylindrical log
of wood of base radius 1 cm and height 5 cm.
7. Find the maximum volume of a cone that can be carved out of a solid
hemisphere of radius r.
8. If four times the sum of areas of two faces of cylinder of height 8cm is equal to
twice the curved surface area, then find the diameter of the cylinder.
9. A solid cone of radius r and height h is placed over a solid cylinder having same
base radius and height as that of a cone. The total surface area of the combined
solid is  r  r 2  h 2  r  2h  . Justify your answer.

 

10. Two identical solid cubes of side ' a ' are joined end to end. Then the total
surface area of the resulting cuboid is 12a 2 . Justify your answer.
3-MARKS
1. From a solid cylinder whose height is 2.4 cm and diameter 1.4 cm, a conical
cavity of the same height and same diameter is hollowed out. Find the volume of
the remaining solid to the nearest cm3. (Use   22 ).

7
2. From a solid circular cylinder with height 10 cm and radius of the base 6 cm, a
right circular cone of the same height and same base is removed, then find the
volume of remaining solid?
3. Find the volume of the largest right circular cone that can be cut from a cube
whose edge is 14cm. (Use   22 ).

7
4. A vessel is in the form of a hemispherical bowl surmounted by a hollow cylinder.
The diameter of the hemisphere is 14cm and the total height of the vessel is
13cm. Find the capacity of the vessel.
5. A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemisphere of common base radius
7cm. The total height of toy is 30cm. Find the total volume of toy (Use   22 ).
7
6. The cost of painting the total outer surface area of a closed cylindrical oil tank at
60 paise per cm2 is Rs. 237.60. The height of the tank is 6 times the radius of
the base of the tank. Find the height and the radius of the tank. (Use   22 ).
7
7. The circumference of the base of the conical tent is 44m. If the height of the tent
is 24m, then find the length of the canvas used in making the tent of the width
of the canvas is 2m.
8. A right triangle whose sides are 15cm and 20 cm is made to revolve about its
hypotenuse. Find volume and surface area of double cone so formed.(Use
  3.14 ).

5-MARKS
1. From the cuboidal solid metallic block of dimensions 15cm x 10cm x 5cm, a
cylindrical hole of diameter 7cm is drilled out. Find the surface area of the
remaining block. (Use   22 )
7
2. A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a right circular cone.

The height of the cone is 2 cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. Determine
the volume of the toy if a right circular cylinder circumscribes the toy, find the
difference of the volume of the cylinder and toy. (Take   3.14 ).
3. A solid right circular cylinder has a total surface area of 462 cm2. Its curved
surface area is one third of its total surface area. Find the volume of cylinder.
(Use   22 )
7
4. A solid is composed of a cylinder with hemispherical ends. If the whole length of
the solid is 100cm and the diameter of the hemispherical ends is 42cm, then
find the cost of polishing the surface of the solid at the rate of 5 paise per cm2.
5. Due to sudden floods, some welfare associations jointly requested the govt. to
get 100 tents fixed immediately and offered to contribute 50% of the cost. If the
lower part of each tent is of the form of a cylinder of diameter 4.2m and height 4
m with the conical upper part of same diameter but of height 2.8 m and the
canvas to be used cost Rs.100 per m2. Find the amount, the associations will
have to pay. What values are shown by these associations? (Use   22 )

7
6. A wooden article as shown in the figure was made from a cylinder by scooping
out a hemisphere from one end and a cone from other end. Find the total
surface area of the article.

7. A trophy awarded to the best student in the class is in the form of a solid
cylinder mounted on a solid hemisphere with the same radius and is made from
some metal. The trophy is mounted on a wooden cuboid as shown in the figure.
The diameter of the hemisphere is 21cm and the total height of the trophy is
24.5 cm. Find the weight of the metal used in making the trophy, if the weight of
1 cm3 of metal is 1.2g. (Take   22 ).

7
8. A solid iron pole consists of a cylinder of height 220 cm and base diameter 24
cm is surmounted by another cylinder of height 60cm and radius 8cm. Find the
mass of the pole, given that 1cm3 of iron has approximately 8 g mass (Use
  3.14 ).

CASE STUDY_1
In the month of December 2020, it rained heavily throughout the day over the
city of Hyderabad. Anil observed the raindrops as they reached him. Each
raindrop was in the shape of a hemisphere surmounted by a cone of the same
radius of 1 mm. Volume of one of such drops is 3.14 mm . Anil collected the rain
water in a pot having a capacity of 1099 cm . [Use √2 = 1.4]

(i) Find the total height of the drop. 1
(ii) What is the total surface area of a hemisphere of radius r? 1
(iii) How many drops will be collected in the pot? 2
OR
Find the C.S.A of the drop. 2

LEVEL_3
MCQ:
1. A vessel having 30 m3 of water is emptied through two openings, one small and
the other large. Water flows out through the smaller opening at rate of U m3/h
and through the larger one at the rate of V m3/h. Given that 3U + 2V = 70 and
that the vessel gets fully emptied in 1 hour, what is V?
(a) 10 m3/h (b) 20 m3/h (c) 30 m3/h (d) 50 m3/h
2. Figure-1 below is a solid cuboid made of unit cubes. Figure-2 is obtained after
removing some unit cubes from figure-1.
Based on the figures shown above, the surface area of the cuboid in figure-1 is
________ the surface area of the solid in the figure-2.
(a) Less than (b) More than (c) Equal to
(d) Cannot be concluded with the given information.
3. A cylinder whose height is two third of its diameter has the same volume of
sphere of radius 4cm. Calculate the radius of base of cylinder.
(a) 4 cm (b) 5 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 8 cm
4. A container with a grey hemispherical lid has radius R cm. In figure-1, it
contains water upto a height of R cm. It is then inverted as shown in the figure-
2.

What is the height of the water in figure-2?
(a) R cm (b) 5 R cm (c) 2R cm (d) 7 R cm

3 3
5. If the volume of a hemisphere is 2425 1 cm 3 , then its Curved Surface Area is:
2
(a) 639 cm2 (b) 693 cm2 (c) 369 cm2 (d) 963 cm2
2-MARKS
1. Find the ratio of internal volume of a cubical box to that of the largest sphere
which will fit inside it?
2. A cubical block of side 7cm is surmounted by a hemisphere. What is the
greatest diameter of the hemisphere can have? Find the surface area of the solid
so formed. (Use   22 ).
7
3. A cylinder whose height is two third of its diameter has the same volume of
sphere of radius 4cm. Calculate the radius of base of cylinder.
4. A solid ball is exactly fitted inside the cubical box of side ‘a’. The volume of the
ball is 4  a 3 . Justify your answer.

3
5. A spherical glass vessel has a cylindrical neck 7cm long, 4 cm in diameter, the
diameter of spherical part is 21cm. Find the quantity of water it can hold. (Use
22
  ).
7
6. A warehouse is used as a granary. It is in the shape of a cuboid surmounted by
a half-cylinder. The base of the warehouse is 6 m x 14 m and its height is 8m.
Find the surface area of the non-cuboidal part of the warehouse.
7. 50 circular plates, each of radius 7 cm and thickness 0.5 cm, are placed one
above another to form a solid right circular cylinder. Find the total surface area
and the volume of the cylinder so formed.

8. A small terrace at a hockey ground comprises of 10 steps each of which 20 m
long and built of solid concrete. Each step has a rise of 1 m and a tread of 1 m .
4 2
Calculate the total volume of concrete required to build the terrace.
9. A cubical block of side 7cm is surmounted by a hemisphere. What is the

greatest diameter of the hemisphere can have? Find the surface area of the solid
so formed. (Use   22 ).
7
3-MARKS
1. Rampal decided to donate canvas for 10 tents conical in shape with base
diameter 14 m and height 24 m to a centre for handicapped person’s welfare. If
the cost of 2 m wide canvas is Rs. 40 per meter, find the amount by which
Rampal helped the money.
2. A toy is in the form of a cylinder of diameter 2 2mand height 3.5m surmounted

by a cone whose vertical angle is 600. Find the total surface area of the top.
3. A circus tent is cylindrical upto a height of 3m and conical above it. The
diameter of the base of cone and cylinder is 105m and the slant height of the
conical part is 53m. Find the total canvas used in making the tent.
4. A cone of maximum size is carved out from a cube of edge 14cm. Find the
surface area of the cone and of the remaining solid left out after the cone carved
out.
5. Two solid cones A and B are placed in a cylindrical tube as shown in the figure.
The ratio of the capacities are 2 : 1. Find the heights and capacities of cones.
Also, find the volume of the remaining portion of the cylinder.

5-MARKS
1. A solid wooden toy is in the shape of a right circular cone mounted on a
hemisphere. If the radius of the hemisphere is 4.2cm and the total height of the
toy is 10.2cm, then find the volume of the wooden toy.
2. The cost of painting the total outside surface area of a closed cylindrical oil tank
at the rate of 50 paise per square metre is 198. The height of the tank is 6 times
the radius of the base of the tank. Find the volume of the tank.
3. A solid wooden toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a cone of same
radius. The radius of the hemisphere is 3.5cm and the total wood in the making
of toy is 166 5 cm 3 . Find the height of the toy. Also find the cost of painting the
6
hemisphere part of the toy at the rate of Rs. 10 per cm2. (Use   22 ).
7
4. A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a right circular cone.
The height of the cone is 4 cm and the diameter of the base is 8 cm. Determine
the volume of the toy. If a cube circumscribes the toy, then find the difference of
the volumes of the cube and the toy. Also, find the total surface area of the toy.
5. A building is in the form of a cylinder surmounted by a hemispherical dome. The
base diameter of the dome is equal to 2 of the total height of the building. Find
3
the height of the building if it contains 67 1 m 3 of the air.

21
6. A factory manufactures 120000 pencils daily. The pencils are cylindrical in

shape each of length 25cm and circumference of base as 1.5 cm. Determine the
cost of colouring the curved surface area of the pencils manufactured in one day
at Rs.0.05 per dm2.
7. A solid is in the form of cone mounted on a hemisphere in such a way that the
centre of the base of the cone just coincide with the centre of the base of the
hemisphere. Slant height of the cone is l and the radius of the base of the cone
is 1 r , where r is the radius of the hemisphere.(See the below figure). Prove that
2


the total surface area of the solid is 11r  2l  r sq .units .
4
8. Shanta runs an industry in a shed which is in the shape of a cuboid

surmounted by a half cylinder (see below figure). If the base of shed is of
dimension 7 m × 15 m, and the height of the cuboidal portion is 8 m, find the
volume of air that the shed can hold. Further, suppose the machinery in the
shed occupies a total space of 300 m3, and there are 20 workers, each of whom
occupy about 0.08 m3 space on an average. Then, how much air is in the shed?
(Use   22 ).
7

CASE STUDY_1
In a toys manufacturing company, wooden parts are assembled and painted to
prepare a toy. For the wood processing activity center, the wood is taken out of
storage to be sawed, after which it undergoes rough polishing, then is cut,
drilled and has holes punched in it. It is then fine polished using sandpaper. For
the retail packaging and delivery activity center, the polished wood sub-parts are
assembled together, then decorated using paint.

One specific toy is in the shape of a cone mounted on a cylinder. The total
height of the toy is 110 mm and the height of its conical part is 77 mm. The
diameters of the base of the conical part is 72 mm and that of the cylindrical
part is 40 mm.
(i) If its conical part is to be painted blue, what is the surface area need to be
painted? 1
(ii) How much of the wood have been used in making the toy ? 1
(iii) If the cost of painting the toy is 2 paise for 8  mm2, then what is the cost of
painting of a box of 100 toys? 2
OR
If the toy manufacturer company charge 3 paise for 32π mm3 of wood, what is
the price of a box of 100 toys? 2
CASE STUDY_2
Pinki's class teacher explained the students about the benefits of drinking fruit
juice in the morning. So, Pinki went to a juice stall with her friend Bipin. On the
stall, they observed that shopkeeper has three types of glasses of inner diameter
4.6 cm to serve customers. The height of each glass is 11 cm. Seeing this, certain
questions came into their mind. Help Pinki and Bipin to solve these questions.
(i) Which mathematical concept has been used in the above problem? 1
(ii) What is the volume of type (A) glass and type (B) glass? 2
OR
How much more juice can be filled in type (A) glass than glass of type (C)? 2
(iii) Which glass has the maximum capacity? 1

1. In a class test, marks scored by students are given in the following distribution.
Marks 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30

No.of students 1 4 9 3 3
Find the mean and median of the data.

2. Following distribution gives the marks obtained, out of 150, by the students of
class IX in their class test.
Marks 0-25 25-50 50-75 75-100 100-125 125-150 150-175 175-200
No.of 10 15 22 30 28 27 12 6
students
Find the mean and mode of the data.

INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
MIND MAPPING

1. Let us look at both cases:
In a right triangle ABC, right-angled at B. Once we have identified the sides, we

can define six t-Ratios with respect to the sides.
CASE-I CASE-II
perpendicular BC perpendicular AB
sine A   sineC  
Hypotenuse AC Hypotenuse AC
base AB base BC
Cosine A   Cosine C  
Perpendicular BC Perpendicular AB
tangent A   tangent C  
base AB base BC
cosecant A   cosecant C  
secant A   secant C  
Base AB Base BC
Base AB Base BC
cotangent A   cotangent C  
2. Reciprocal Relation between Trigonometric Ratios:
Cosec A, sec A, and cot A are the reciprocals of sin A, cos A, and tan A
respectively.
3. Trigonometric ratios for some specific angles:
4. Trigonometric Identities:
(i) sin² θ + cos² θ = 1 ⇒ sin² θ = 1 – cos² θ ⇒ cos² θ = 1 – sin² θ
(ii) cosec² θ – cot² θ = 1 ⇒ cosec² θ = 1 + cot² θ ⇒ cot² θ = cosec² θ – 1
(iii) sec² θ – tan² θ = 1 ⇒ sec² θ = 1 + tan² θ ⇒ tan² θ = sec² θ – 1
LEVEL_1
MCQ:
1. The value of 5 tan 2   5 sec 2  is:
(a) 5 (b) -5 (c) 1 (d) -1
2. In figure, AB = 4cm, BC = 3cm, then the value of cot A is:
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 4

4 3 5 5

3. The simplified value of [sec A+ tan A) (1-sinA)] is:
(a) cos A (b) cos 2 A (c) sinA (d) sin 2 A
4. If sin   cos  , then the value of cos ec is:
1 3
(a) 2 (b) (c) 2 (d)
2 2
5. In figure below ABC is right angled at B and tan A  4 . If AC = 15cm then the
3
length of AB is:
(a) 3 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 12 cm

6. If tan   cot   2 , then the value of tan 2   cot 2  is:
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
3
7. Given that sin   and c o s   0 , then the value of    is:
2
(a) 600 (b) 300 (c) 900 (d) 1200
If tan A  3 , then the value of 1 1

8.  is:
4 sin A cos A
(a) 3 5 (b) 1 2 (c) 5 (d) 5

12 35 3 4
9. Given that sin   1 and cos   1 , then the value of     is:

2 2
(a) 600 (b) 300 (c) 900 (d) 450
 2 1
10. If 4x  cos ec and 4  cot  , then the value of 4  x  2  is:
x  x 
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 16 (d) 1

4 16
2-MARKS
1. If cos A  cos 2 A  1 , find the value of sin 2 A  sin 4 A .
2. If x  2 sin 2  and y  2cos2  1 then find x  y .
3. If 3 tan   3sin  then find the value of sin2   cos2  .

4. If A = 150, verify that 4sin 2A cos 4A sin 6A  1
5. Find the value of 4 cos ec 2 600  16 tan2 30 0 .
3 3
6. If sin  A  B   & cos  A  B   ,where 00  A  B  900 ; A > B find A & B.
2 2
2
7. If k  1  sec  1  sin 1  sin  , find the value of k .
8. The value of sin   cos  is always greater than 1. Justify your answer.
9. The value of tan    900  increases as  increases. Justify your answer.
3
10. If sin A  , calculate cosA and tanA.
4
3-MARKS
1
1. In triangle ABC, right angled at B, if tan A  , then find the value of
3
(i) sin A cos C  cos A sin C (ii) cos A cos C  sin A sin C
2. In a triangle PQR, right angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm and PQ = 5cm. Determine

the values of sinP, cosP and tanP.
1
If tan  A  B   3 and tan  A  B  
0 0
3. , 0  A  B  90 , A  B , find the values of A
3
and B.
4. State whether the following are true or false. Justify your answer.
(i) sin  A  B   sin A  sin B
(ii) The value of sin  increases as  increases
(iii) The value of cos  increases as  increases
 4sin  cos   1 
5. If 4tan  3 , evaluate  .
 4sin  cos   1 
1  sin A
6. Prove that  sec A  tan A .
1  sin A
7. With the help of the following figure, find the value of
(i) sec 2   tan2  (ii) cos ec 2  cot2 

3tan3 300  tan2 600  cos ec 300  tan450

8. Evaluate .
cot2 450
9. Given in a right angled triangle ABC, right angled at C in which tan A  3 and
1 1
tan B  . Show that sin A cos B  cos A sin B  .
3 2
5-MARKS
2 1  cos 
1. Prove the following identity:  cos ec   cot    , where the angles
1  cos 
involved are acute angles for which the expressions are defined.
tan  cot 
2. Prove the following identity:   1  sec  .cos ec  , where the
1  cot  1  tan 
angles involved are acute angles for which the expressions are defined.
1  sin A
3. Prove the following identity:  sec A  tan A , where the angles involved
1  sin A
are acute angles for which the expressions are defined.
4. If 4cos   11sin  , find the value of 11cos   7 sin  .

11cos   7 sin 
5. If 1  sin2   3 sin  cos  , prove that tan   1 or tan   1 .

2
1 1 1 1
6. Prove the following:     2.
1  sin  1  cos  1  sec  1  cos ec 2
2 2 2
tan3  cot3 
7. Prove that:   sec cos ec  2sin cos .
1  tan2  1  cot2 
8. If   3 0 0 , verify the following:
3
(i) cos 3  4 cos3   3 cos  (ii) sin 3  3 sin   4 sin 
9. Prove that sec   tan   1  1  sin  .

tan   sec   1 cos 
10. Prove that cos A  sin A  1  cos ecA  cot A .

cos A  sin A  1

2
p 1
11. If sec   tan   p , prove that sin   .
p2  1
12. If x  a sec   b tan  and y  a tan   b sec  , then prove that x2  y2  a2  b2 .

2 2
13. Prove that:  sin A  cos ecA    cos A  sec A   7  tan 2 A  cot 2 A

CASE STUDY_1
Three friends - Anshu, Vijay and Vishal are playing hide and seek in a park.
Anshu and Vijay hide in the shrubs and Vishal have to find both of them. If the
positions of three friends are at , and respectively as shown in the figure
and forms a right angled triangle such that = 9 m, = 3√3 m and ∠ = 90∘,
then answer the following questions.

(i) What is the measure of A ? 1
(ii) What is the measure of C ? 1
(iii) What is the length of AC? 2
OR
C 
From the above figure, what are the values of cos 2A and sin   2
2
CASE STUDY_2
Tower cranes are a common fixture at any major construction site. They’re
pretty hard to miss, they often rise hundreds of feet into the air, and can reach
out just as far. The construction crew uses the tower crane to lift steel, concrete,
large tools like acetylene torches and generators, and a wide variety of other
building materials.

A crane stands on a level ground. It is represented by a tower AB, of height 24 m

and a jib BR. The jib is of length 16 m and can rotate in a vertical plane about
B. A vertical cable, RS, carries a load S. The diagram shows current position of
the jib, cable and load.
(i) What is the distance BS? 1

(ii) What is the measure of the angle BRS? 1
(iii) Now the jib BR, has been rotated and the length RS is increased. The load is
now on the ground at a point 8m from A. What is the angle through which the
jib has been rotated? 2
OR
What is the length by which RS has been increased? 2
CASE STUDY_3
Raj is an electrician in a village. One day power was not there in entire village
and villagers called Raj to repair the fault. After thorough inspection he found an
electric fault in one of the electric pole of height 5 m and he has to repair it. He
needs to reach a point 1.3 m below the top of the pole to undertake the repair
work.


(i) When the ladder is inclined at an angle of  such that 3 tan   2  5 to the
horizontal, find the angle  . 1
(ii) How far from the foot of the pole should he place the foot of the ladder? (Use
3  1.73 ). 2
OR
 
From the above situation, find the value of sin  .cos  cos  .sin 2
2 2
(iii) In the above situation, if BD = 3 cm and BC = 6 cm. Find  . 1
LEVEL_2
MCQ:
a
1. Given that sin   , then cos  is equal to:
b
b b b2  a 2 a
(a) (b) (c) (d)
b2  a 2 a b b2  a 2
2. In triangle OPQ, right angled at P, OP = 7cm and OQ-PQ = 1 cm then the value
of sinQ is:
7 24
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) None of these
25 25
3. If x  3 sec 2   1 , y  tan2   2 then the value of x  3y is:
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 3

0
sin90 1
4. The value of  is:
cos 45 cos ec 300
0
2 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 1 2 2 2
cos 450 1
5. The value of  is:
sec 30 sec600
0
3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2
6. The value of  sin 300  cos 300   sin 600  cos 600  is equal to:
(a)  sin 900 (b) sin 00 (c) sin 900 (d) cos 600
7. The value of cos 2 , if 2sin 2  3 is:
3 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2 2
8. If sin A  sin2 A  1 then the value of  cos2 A  cos 4 A  is:
1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 3
2
2-MARKS
sin3   cos3 
1. Simplify:  sin cos 
sin  cos 
1
2. If tan   1 and sin  , find the value of cos     , where  and  are both
2
acute angles.
1 1
3. Prove that   2sec2  .
1  sin  1  sin 
4. Two famous bowlers of Indian Cricket team Navdeep Saini and Jaspreet Bumrah
throw a ball at an angle of A and B respectively in such a way that
1
sin  A  B   and cos  A  B   0 , 00  A  B  900 , A  B .
2
(i) Find the angles of both bowlers at which they throw a ball.
(ii) Find the values of the following trigonometric ratios tan A , cosec  A  B  and
sec B
5. Prove that sec2   cos ec 2  tan  cot  .

sin  sin 
6. Prove that  2 .
cot   cos ec cot   cos ec
1
7. If 7 sin2 A  3 cos2 A  4 , prove that tan A  .
3
8. If cos   sin   2 cos  , prove that cos   sin   2 sin  .

2 2 2
9. Ram was trying hard to prove a cos   b sin   a  b  c , when
a sin   b cos   c . His classmate Swati gave her a hint of squaring both sides of
a sin   b cos   c and proceed further. With her hint, Ram was able to solve the
problem and he thanks Swati for this hint. So, write the solution of the above
problem.
20 1  sin   cos  3
10. If tan   , then prove that  .
21 1  sin   cos  7
3-MARKS
1
1. Show that 2  cos 4 600  sin4 300    tan2 60 0  cot 2 45 0   3 sec 2 30 0  .
4
sin4   cos 4 
2. Prove that  1.
1  2sin2  cos 2 
3. If m sin   n cos   p and m cos   n sin   q , prove that m 2  n 2  p 2  q 2 .
sin A  cos A  1 1
4. Prove that  .
sin A  cos A  1 sec A  tan A
5. If cos   sin   x and sin   cos   y , then x 2  y 2  2 .
2 3 tan A  tan B
6. Calculate A + B when tan A  & tan B  , given tan  A  B  
3 2 1  tan A tan B
where A and B are acute angles.
cos  cos 
7. If  m and  n , show that m 2  n 2  cos2   n 2 .
cos  sin 
sec A  tan A cos ecA  1

8. Prove that .  1.
sec A  tan A cos ecA  1
9. If 3 cot2   4 cot   3  0 find the value of tan2   cot2  .
10. In the given figure, ABC is right angled at B. BSC is right angled at S and
BRS is right angled at R, AB = 18cm, BC = 7.5cm, RS = 5cm, RB = 6cm,
BSR  x 0 and SAB  y 0 . Find the following: (i) tan x 0 (ii) sin y 0

11. If sin   2cos   1 , prove that 2sin   cos   2 .

1 1
12. If sin A  and sin B  , find the values of cosA and cosB. Hence, using
5 10
the formula cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B . Show that A  B  450 .
cot2 
13. Prove that 1   cos ec .
1  cos ec 
5-MARKS
sin A  2sin3 A
1. Prove that  tan A .
2cos3 A  cos A
2  sec A  1  sin A  1 
2. Prove that cot A    sec2 A   0.
1  sin A  1  sec A 
 1 1  2 2 1  sin2  cos2 
3. Prove that   sin  cos   .
 sec   cos  cos ec   sin  
2 2 2 2
2  sin2  cos2 
1  cot   tan sin  cos    sin2  cos2 

4. Prove that .
sec3   cosec 3
3  4sin2 A 3  tan2 A
5. If sec A  17 , show that  .
8 4 cos2 A  3 1  3 tan2 A
6. Show that  sin8 A  cos8 A    2sin2 A  11  2sin2 A cos 2 A  .
q2 1
7. If cos ecA  cot A  q , show that  cos A  0 .
q2 1
8. Prove that 2sec2   sec 4   2 cos ec 2  cos ec 4  cot 4   tan 4  .
9. If x  r sin A cos B , y  r sin A sin B and z  r cos A , show that x 2  y 2  z 2  r 2 .

2 2 2
 1   1   1  sin  
10. Prove that  tan      tan     2 2 .
 cos    cos    1  sin  
11. Prove that l 2m 2 l 2  m 2  3   1 , if cos ec   sin   l and sec   cos   m .

CASE STUDY_1
Suppose a girl is sitting on the balcony of her house located on the bank of a
river. She is looking down at a flower pot placed on a stair of a temple situated
nearby on the other bank of the river. A right triangle is imagined to be made in
this situation as shown in the figure. If the height at which the person is sitting
is known, the width of the river can be calculated.
Based on the above situation, answer the following questions:

(i) If the height of her house is 12m, and the distance between her house and the
river is 5m, then what will be the value of cos  ? 1
(ii) If the width of the river is 15m, and C  600 then what will be the height of the
building? 1
 1 
(iii) What is the value of sin 45 0
 tan 300   cos 450 

0 
tan 60 
2
OR
Find the value of x : tan x  cos 300.sin 900  sin 60 0.cos 00 2

LEVEL_3
MCQ:
1. If tan  3x  300   1 , then the value of x is:
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7

2. If x  3sin   4cos  and y  3 cos   4 sin  then the value of x 2  y 2  ___.
(a) 12 (b) 23 (c) 25 (d) 24
2
3. If cos A  , then the value of 4  4 tan2 A is:
5
(a) 25 (b) 23 (c) 21 (d) 24
4. The value of sin2 600  2 tan2 45 0  cos 2 300 is ____________.
(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 1 (d) -1
2 tan 
5. If 3 tan2   1  0 , then the value of  _____.
1  tan2 
(a) tan 2 (b) tan  (c) sin 2 (d) cos 2
3 sin   cot 
6. If cos   , then the value of is:
5 2 tan 
3 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
20 60 160

7. If 0    , then the simplest form of 1  2sin  cos  is:
4
(a)   sin   cos   (b)   sin   cos   (c)  sin  .cos  (d) 1
8. If x sin3   y cos 3   sin  cos  and x sin   y cos  then the value of x 2  y 2 is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 2
9. If sin   cos   2 cos  ,   90 0  , then the value of tan  is:
(a) 2 1 (b) 2 1 (c) 2 (d)  2
3
10. If sin   , then the value of cot  is:
4
7 7
(a) (b) (c) 3 3 (d) 7 3
3 3

2-MARKS
3 3
1. If cos  A  B  and sin  A  B   , find A and B, where  A  B  &  A  B 
2 2
are acute angles.
cos  cos 
2. Find the value of  , if   4 ;   900 .
1  sin  1  sin 
3. The rod of TV disc antenna is fixed at right angles to wall AB and a rod CD is
supporting the disc as shown in Figure. If AC = 1.5 m long and CD = 3 m, find
(i) tan (ii) sec   cos ec
b a
4. If b cos   a , then show that cos ec  cot   .
b a
1 1
5. Evaluate: sin2 300 cos2 450  4 tan2 30 0  sin 90 0  2 cos 2 900 
2 24
2
6. If 15 tan2   4 sec 2   23 then find the value of  sec   cos ec   sin2 
1 1
7. In an acute angled triangle ABC, if sin  A  B  C   and cos  B  C  A  
2 2
find A, B and C .
8. In the adjoining figure, B  900 , BAC   0 , BC = CD = 4cm and AD = 10cm.

Find (i) sin  and (ii) cos  .

9. Area of an Isosceles Triangle: Consider the following isosceles triangle. The
length of each of the two equal sides of the triangle is a, and each of the base
angles has a measure of  . Verify that the area of the triangle is A  a 2 sin  cos 
10. Show that tan4   tan2   sec 4   sec 2  .
3-MARKS
1. Prove that b 2x 2  a 2y 2  a 2b 2 , if:
(i) x  a sec  , y  b tan  (ii) x  a cosec  , y  b cot 
cot 3  sin3  tan3  cos 3  sec  cos e  1

2. Prove that: 2
 2

 cos   sin    cos   sin   cos ec  sec 
sec   1 sec   1
3. Prove that   2cos ec
sec   1 sec   1
1 cos ec 2  sec2 
4. If tan  (i) Evaluate: (ii) Verify: sin2   cos 2   1
5 cos ec 2  sec2 
2cos2 600  3sec2 300  2tan2 450

5. Evaluate of the following:
sin2 300  cos2 450
2 2
6.
2
If cos ec  sin   m and sec   cos   n , prove that m n   3
 mn 2  3
1
l 2 1
7. If tan   sec   l , then prove that sec   .
2l
8. Evaluate: tan2 300 sin 300  cos 600 sin2 90 0 tan2 600  2 tan 450 cos 2 00 sin 90 0
1  cos 2A
9. Using the formula, sin A  find the value of sin 300 , it is being given
2
1
that cos 600  .
2
2 2
 x y   x y 
10. If x  cot A  cos A and y  cot A  cos A , prove that     1
 x  y   2 

5-MARKS
1. In the given figure, if AD  7 3 m , find the value of BC.
2. If
sec A  tan A  sec B  tan B  sec C  tanC   sec A  tan A  sec B  tan B  sec C  tanC 
represents each side of an equilateral triangle, then prove that each side is equal
to 1
3. Taking   300 , verify each of the following:
(i) sin 2  2sin  cos 
(ii) cos 2  2cos 2   1  1  2sin2 
2 tan 
(iii) tan 2 
1  tan2 
4. In the figure of triangle PQR, P   and  R   , find:
(i)  
x  1 cot  (ii)  
x 3  x 2 tan  (iii) cos 
5. Show that:
1  sin 600 tan 600  1 cos300  sin600

(i)  (ii) 0 0
 cos300
cos 600 tan 600  1 1  sin30  cos60
1
6. Prove that  cos ecA  sin A  sec A  cos A   .
tan A  cot A
7. Prove that  tan A  tan B 

2 2

sin 2
A  sin2 B 

 cos 2
B  cos 2 A 
cos 2 A cos2 B cos 2 B cos 2 A

sin  cos 
8. Prove that   1.
sec   tan   1  cos ec  cot   1
sin   cos  sin   cos  2 2
9. Prove that    .
sin   cos  sin   cos   sin   cos    2sin2   1
2 2
10. Prove that:
cos ec  cot  2

(i)   cos ec  cot    1  2 cot 2   2 cos ec cot 
cos ec  cot 
sec   tan  2
(ii)   sec   tan    1  2 tan2   2sec  tan 
sec   tan 
CASE STUDY_1
Kite flying is also a major part of Makar Sankranti, although the states of
Gujarat and Rajasthan indulge in this with a lot more enthusiasm. Makar
Sankranti is a major harvest festival celebrated in India and is dedicated to the
Sun god, Surya. It is the first major festival to be celebrated in India and usually
takes place in January, this year the festival will be celebrated on January 14.
Aditya flying a kite at a height of 60m above the ground. He attached a string to
the kite is temporarily tied to a point on the ground. The inclination of the string
with the ground is 600.

(i) In the above situation, find the length of the string, assuming that there is no
slack in the string. 1

(ii) The string of a kite is 100m long and it makes an angle of 600 with the
horizontal. If there is no slack in the string, then find the height of the kite from
the ground. 1
(iii) A kite is flying at a height of 30 m from the ground. The length of string from the
kite to the ground is 60m. Assuming that there is no slack in the string, find
angle POQ. 2
OR
CASE STUDY_2
Ritu’s daughter is feeling so hungry and so thought to eat something. She
looked into the fridge and found some bread pieces. She decided to make a
sandwich. She cut the piece of bread diagonally and found that it forms a right
angled triangle, with sides 4cm , 4 3cm and 8cm .
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Find the value of M . 1
(ii) Find the value of K . 1
(iii) Find the value of tanM and sec 2 M  1 2
OR
tan2 450  1
Find the value of
tan2 450  1

SKILL BASED WORKSHEET
1. Find the median and mode of the following data and then find the mean from
the empirical relationship between them.
Class Interval 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120 120-140
Frequency 6 8 10 12 6 5 3

2. If the median of the distribution given below is 28.5 Find the value of x and y.
Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 Total

Frequency 5 x 20 15 y 5 60

PROBABILITY
MIND MAPPING

1. Experimental or Empirical Probability
2. The result of probability based on the actual experiment is called experimental
probability. In this case, the results could be different if we do the same
experiment again.
3. Probability — A Theoretical Approach: In the theoretical approach, we predict

the results without performing the experiment actually. The other name of
theoretical probability is classical probability.
, Where outcomes are equally likely.
4. Equally Likely Outcomes: If we have the same possibility of getting each

outcome then it is called equally likely outcomes.
5. If P(E) = 1, then it is called a ‘Certain Event’.
6. If P(E) = 0, then it is called an ‘Impossible Event’.

7. The probability of an event E is a number P(E) such that: 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
8. An event having only one outcome is called an elementary event. The sum of the
probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is 1.
9.  
For any event E, P  E   P E  1 , where E stands for ‘not E’. E and E are called
complementary events.
10. A collection of all possible outcomes of an experiment is known as sample space.

It is denoted by ‘S’ and represented in curly brackets.
11. If a coin is tossed once total possible outcomes are 2. {H, T}
12. If a two coins are tossed at once or one coin tossed twice, then the number of
possible outcomes are 4.
13. If a three coins are tossed at once or one coin tossed thrice, then the number of
possible outcomes are 8.
14. If a die is thrown once, then the number of possible outcomes are 6. They are 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

15. If two dice are thrown or a die is thrown twice, then the number of possible
outcomes are 36.
16. Playing cards Chart:
LEVEL_1
MCQ:
1. If a die is rolled once, then the probability of obtaining a number greater than 3
is.
1 1 1 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 5 6
2. In a single throw of a pair of dice, the probability of getting the sum 9 is.
1 1 2 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 26 9 36

5
3. If probability of happening of an event is then the probability of non-
9
happening of this event is:
7 4 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 9 9
4. If an event cannot occur then its probability is:
(a) 1 (b) 3/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 0
5. If a digit is chosen at random from the digits l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; then, the
probability that the digit is even, is.
7 4 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 9 9
6. A bag contains three green marbles, four blue marbles, and two orange marbles.
If a marble is picked at random, then the probability that it is an Orange marble
is.
7 4 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 9 9
7. A card is accidentally dropped from a pack of 52 playing cards. The probability
that it is an ace is:
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/13 (c) 1/52 (d) 12/13
8. If P  E   0.05 then the value of P  not E  is:
(a) 0.05 (b) 0.095 (c) 0.95 (d) 1

9. The probability of an impossible event is:
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) -1 (D) ½
10. One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards. What is the
probability of getting ‘4 of hearts’?
(a) 1/52 (b) 1/13 (c) 1/26 (d) 1/6
2-MARKS:
1. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting:
i) a composite number ii) a prime number
2. Cards numbered 7 to 40 were put in a box. Poonam selects a card at random.
What is the probability that Poonam selects a card which is a multiple of 7?
3. An integer is chosen at random 1 and 100. Find the probability that it is
i) divisible by 8 ii) not divisible by 8

4. Two different dice are tossed together. Find the Probability of:
i) getting a doublet ii) getting a sum 10, of the numbers on the two dice
5. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards. What is the
probability that the card drawn is:
i) Either a red or a king ii) a black card.
6. One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of
getting
i) a non-face card ii) a black king
7. A pack of 52 playing cards pack is shuffled well. A card is drawn at random from
the pack of cards. Find the probability of getting:
i) a black face card ii) a queen
8. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability
that the card drawn is neither an ace nor a queen.
9. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the
probability of getting
a) a face card of red colour b) a jack of spades
10. A card is drawn at random from well shuffled deck of playing cards. Find the
probability that the card drawn is:
i) a spade ii) a red king
11. A card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that
it is not an ace.
12. Two dice are thrown at the same time. Find the probability of getting same
numbers on both the dice.
13. Two dice are thrown simultaneously at the same time. Find the probability of
getting different numbers on both the dice.
14. In a single throw of two dice, find the probability of getting a total of 8.
15. Two dice are together thrown once. Find the probability of getting such numbers
on tops so that their sum is 3.
16. If there are 2 children in a family, find the probability that there is at least one
boy in the family.
17. A bag contains 5 red, 8 green & 7 white balls. One ball is drawn at random from
the bag. Find the probability of getting:
i) Not a white ball
ii) neither a green nor a red ball.

18. Two unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting.
a) At least one head b) at most one head
19. 17 cards numbered 1, 2, 3,……16, 17 are put in a box and mixed thoroughly.
One person draws a card from the box. Find the probability that the number on
the card is: i) A prime number ii) divisible by 3
20. A letter of English alphabet is choosen at random, find the probability that the
letter so choosen is: i) a vowel ii) a consonant
3-MARKS:
1. A bag contains 15 white and some black balls. If the probability of drawing a
black ball from the bag is thrice that of drawing a white ball, then find the
number of black balls in the bag.
2. There are 100 cards in a bag on which numbers from I to 100 are written. A
card is taken out from the bag at random. Find the probability that the number
on the selected card (i) is divisible by 9 and is a perfect square (ii) is a prime
number greater than 80.
3. The probability of selecting a red ball at random from a jar that contains only
red, blue and orange balls is 1 . The probability of selecting a blue ball at
4
random from the same jar is 1 . If the jar contains 10 orange ball, then find the
3
total number of balls in the jar.
4. One card is drawn at random from a well - shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the
probability of getting:
i) a king of red colour ii) a face card iii) a red face card
iv) The jack of hearts v) a spade vi) a queen of diamonds
5. Cards marked with numbers 13, 14, 15……60 are placed in a box and mixed
thoroughly, one card is drawn at random from the box. Find the probability that
the sum of digits on the card drawn is 5.
6. Cards marked with numbers 5 to 50 are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly.
A card is drawn from the box at random. Find the probability that the number
on the card taken out is:
i) A prime number less than 20
ii) a perfect square number
iii) A multiple of 5 or 6

7. Cards numbered 2 to 101 are placed in a box. A card is selected at random from
the box, find the probability that the card selected.
i) Has a number which is a perfect square
ii) Has an odd number which is not less than 70
8. From 30 tickets marked with numbers 2 to 31, one ticket is drawn at random.
Find the probability that it is
i) A multiple of 7 ii) an even number iii) a prime number
9. The king, queen and jack of diamonds are removed from a pack of 52 cards and
then the pack is well shuffled. A card is drawn from the remaining cards. Find
the probability of getting a card of:
i) diamonds ii) a jack iii) a heart
10. 15 cards numbered 1, 2, 3........15, are put in a box and mixed thoroughly. A
card is drawn at random from the box. Find the probability that the card drawn
bears
i) An even number ii) a number divisible by 2 or 3
11. Cards with the numbers 2 to 103 are placed in a box. A card is selected at
random from the box. Find the probability that the card selected is a number
which is a multiple of 4.
5-MARKS:
1. Two different dice are thrown together. Find the probability that the numbers
Obtained have
i) Even sum ii) Even product
2. A number x is selected at random from the numbers 1, 4, 9, 16 and another
number y is selected at random from the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4. Find the
probability that the value of xy is more than 16.
3. A card is drawn at random from a well- shuffled deck of playing cards. Find the
probability that the card drawn is
i) A card of spade or an ace ii) a black king
iii) Neither a jack nor a king iv) either a king or a queen.
4. Two dice one blue and one grey, are thrown at the same time. What is the
probability that the sum of the two numbers appearing on the top of the dice is
8?
5. A die is thrown twice. Find the probability of getting the sum of the numbers on
the top both the times is a prime number.

6. Find the probability that a non-leap year chosen at random has
(i) 52 Sundays (ii) 53 Sundays.
7. A pair of dice is thrown once. Find the probability of getting
i) The same number on each die
ii) Sum of the numbers on the two dice is greater than 12.
8. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the
probability that the card drawn is neither a black card nor a king.
9. A game of chance consists of an arrow which comes to rest, pointing at one of
the regions I or 2 or 3. O is the center of the circle, OC  AB . Find the

probability that
a) Arrow is resting on 3 b) arrow is resting on 1 c) arrow is not resting on 2

10. Two dice are thrown together and the score is recorded.
i) What is the probability of getting a total of 7?
ii) What is probability of getting product as 12?
11. A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow which comes of rest pointing at
one of the number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (see figure) and there are equally likely
outcomes. What is the probability that it will point at:
i) 8? ii) An odd number?

iii) A number greater than 2? iv) A number less than 9?
v) Which mathematical concept is used in the above problem?
vi) What is its value?
12. A piggy bank contains hundred 50 P coins, fifty ₹1 coins, twenty ₹2 coins and
ten ₹5 coins. It is equally likely that one of the coins will fall out when the bank
is tuned upside down, what is the probability that the coin:
i) Will be a 50 p coin?
ii) Will not be a ₹5 coin?
iii) Which mathematical concept is used in the above problem?
iv) Which value is discussed above?
CASE STUDY_1
A survey was taken at a high school, and the results were put in a circle graph.
The students were asked to list their favourite colours. The measurement of
each central angle is shown. If a person is chosen at random from the school,
find the probability of each response.
(i) What is the probability of favourite colour being red? 1
(ii) What is the probability of favourite colour being blue or green? 1
(iii) What is the probability of favourite colour not being red or blue? 2
OR
What is the probability of favourite colour not being orange or green? 2
CASE STUDY_2
Deepika Kumari is an Indian athlete who competes in the event of archery, is
currently ranked World No. 9, and is a former world number one. She won a
gold medal in the 2010. Commonwealth games in the women’s individual
recurve event. She also won a gold medal in the same competition in the
women’s team recurve event along with Dola Banerjee and Bombayala Devi.
Kumari qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she
competed in the Women’s Individual and Women’s team events, finishing in
eighth place in the latter.

Deepika can hit the rectangular target shown 100% of the time at a range of 80
m.
Assuming the probability the target is hit is related to its area, answer the
following.
(i) What is the probability the Deepika hits within the triangle? 1
(ii) What is the probability the Deepika hits within the circle? 1
(iii) What is the probability the Deepika hits within the circle but outside the
triangle? 2
OR
What is the probability the Deepika hits within the rectangle but outside the
circle? 2
CASE STUDY_3
Insurance: An insurance company selected 1000 drivers at random in a
particular city to determine a relationship between age and accidents. The data
obtained are listed in following table.

Compute the probabilities of the following events for a driver chosen at random
in the city:
(i) E1 : being under 20 years old and having exactly three accidents in 1 year 1
(ii) E2 : being 30–39 years old and having one or more accidents in 1 year 1
(iii) E3 : having no accidents in 1 year 2
OR
E4 : being under 20 years old or having exactly three accidents in 1 year 2
LEVEL_2
MCQ:
x
1. The probability of guessing the correct answer to a certain test questions is
12
If the probability of not guessing the correct answer to this question is 2 , then
3
the value of x is:
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
2. Which of the following cannot be the probability of an event?
1 17
(a) (b) 0.1 (c) 3 (d)
2 16

3. Aarushi sold 100 lottery tickets in which 5 tickets carry prizes. If Priya
purchased a ticket, what is the probability of Priya winning a prize?
(a) 19/20 (b) 1/25 (c) 1/20 (d) 17/20
4. A number is selected from first 50 natural numbers. What is the probability that
it' is a multiple of 3 or 5?
(a) 13/25 (b) 21/50 (c) 12/25 (d) 23/50
5. A box contains 90 discs, numbered from 1 to 90. If one disc is drawn at random
from the box, the probability that it bears a prime number less than 23, is:
(a) 7/20 (b) 10/90 (c) 4/45 (d) 9/89
6. A number x is chosen at random from the numbers -3, -2, -l, 0, l, 2, 3, find the
probability that x  2 .
(a) 1/7 (b) 2/7 (c) 3/7 (d) 5/7
7. The probability expressed as a percentage of a particular occurrence can never

be
(a) less than 100 (b) less than 0
(c) greater than 1 (d) anything but a whole number
8. Two numbers 'a' and 'b' are selected successively without replacement in that
a
order from the integers 1 to 10. Find the probability that is an integer.
b
(a) 17/45 (b) 1/5 (c) 17/90 (d) 8/45
9. What is the probability that a leap year has 52 Mondays?
(a) 2/7 (b) 4/7 (c) 5/7 (d) 6/7
10. In a family of 3 children, the probability of having at least one boy is:
(a) 7/8 (b) 8/7 (c) 5/7 (d) 4/7
2-MARKS
1. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the probability of
getting:
i) a red card ii) a king or queen.
2. Two dice are thrown at the same time. Find the probability of getting an even
number on the first die.
3. A pair of dice is thrown once. What is the probability that 5 will come at least on
one die?

4. There are three children in a family. Find the probability of that there is at most
one girl in the family
5. What is the probability that there are 53 Wednesdays in a leap year?
6. Two coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting at least one
head.
7. Two coins are tossed together. Find the probability of getting both Heads and
both Tails.
8. A girl calculated that the probability of her winning the first prize in a lottery is
0.08. If 6000 tickets are sold, then how many tickets has she bought?
9. A game consists of tossing a one rupee coin 3 times and noting its outcome each
time. Rama wins if he gets either all heads or all tails, and loses otherwise. Find
the probability that he will lose the game.
10. A bag contains 20 balls out Of which x balls are red.
i) If one ball is drawn at random from the bag, then find the probability that it is
not a red.
ii) If 4 more red balls are out into the bag, then the probability of drawing a red
5
ball will be times the probability of drawing a red ball in the first case. Find
4
the value of x.
11. A number x is chosen from 25, 24, 23, -2, -l, 0, l, 2, 3. Find the probability that
x  3.
12. In any situation that has only two possible outcomes, each outcome will have
1
probability . True or false? Why?
2
13. A student says that if you throw a die, it will show up 1 or not l. Therefore, the
probability of getting 1 and the probability of getting 'not 1 ' each is equal to 1 .
2
Is this correct? Give reasons.
14. If you toss a coin 6 times and it comes down heads on each occasion. Can you
Say that the probability of getting a head is 1? Give reasons.
15. A bag contains slips numbered from 1 to 100. If Fatima chooses a slip at
random from the bag, it will either be an odd number or an even number. Since
1
this situation has only two possible outcomes, so the probability of each is .
2
Justify.

16. If three coins are tossed simultaneously, find the probability of getting at least
two heads.
17. If a number x is chosen from the numbers 1, 2, 3, and a number y is selected
from the numbers 1, 4, 9. Find the value of P  xy  9  .
3-MARKS
1. Cards marked with numbers 5, 6, 7…., 30 are placed in a box and mixed
thoroughly and one card is drawn at random from the box. What is the
probability that the number on the card is:
i) A prime number? ii) A multiple of 3 or 5?
iii) Neither divisible by 5 nor by 10?
2. A coin is tossed 3 times. Find the probability of getting:
i) At least 2 heads
ii) Not getting the same result in all the tosses
iii) Exactly 1 tail
3. Two dice (one blue and one grey) are thrown at the same time. Write down all
the possible outcomes. What is the probability that the sum of the two numbers
appearing on the top of dice is:
4. A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue balls. The probability of drawing a
blue ball from the bag is thrice that of a red ball. Find the number of blue balls
in the bag.
5. There coins are tossed simultaneously once. Find the probability of getting
i) At least one tail ii) no tail
6. A jar contains 24 marbles. Some of them are green and other are blue. If a
marble is drawn at random from the jar, then the probability that it is green is
2
. Find the number of blue marbles in the jar.
3
7. Two dice are thrown together. Find the probability that a multiple of 2 occurs on
one dice and a multiple of 3 occurs on the other.
8. The king, queen and jack of clubs are removed from a pack of 52 playing cards
and then the remaining pack is well shuffled. One card is selected from the
remaining cards. Find the probability of getting:
i) A heart ii) a king iii) a club iv) a diamond
v) a jack

5-MARKS
1. Two dice are numbered l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and l, l, 2, 2, 3, 3 respectively. They are
thrown and the sum of the numbers on them is noted. Find the probability of
getting each sum from 2 to 9 separately.
2. Two dice are thrown at the same time. Determine the probability that the
difference of the numbers on the two dice is 2.
3. An integer is chosen between 0 and 100. What is the probability that it is
i) Divisible by 7?
ii) Not divisible by 7?
4. Cards with numbers 2 to 101 are placed in a box. A card is selected at random.
Find the probability that the card has
i) an even number ii) a square number
5. There are 1000 sealed envelopes in a box, 10 of them contain a cash prize of
₹100 each, 100 of them contain a cash prize of ₹50 each and 200 of then
contain a cash prize of ₹10 each and rest do not contain any cash prize. If they
are well shuffled and an envelope is picked up out, what is the probability that it
contains no cash prize?
6. A game consists of tossing a one rupee coin 3 times and noting its outcome each
time. Han if wins if all the tosses give the same result (three heads or three
tails), and loses otherwise. Calculate the probability that Hanif will lose the
game.
7. Cards marked with number 3, 4, 5,……,50 are placed in a box and mixed
thoroughly. One card is drawn at random from the box. Find the probability that
the number on the drawn card is:
i) Divisible by 5 ii) a number which is a perfect square.
8. A box contains 27 marbles, some are red and others are yellow. If a marble is
1
drawn at random from the box, then the probability of that it is a red is . Find
3
the number of yellow marbles in the box.
CASE STUDY_1
In two dice game, the player take turns to roll both dice, they can roll as many
times as they want in one turn. A player scores the sum of the two dice thrown
and gradually reaches a higher score as they continue to roll. If a single number
1 is thrown on either die, the score for that whole turn is lost. Two dice are
thrown simultaneously.

(i) What is the probability of getting the sum as an even number? 1

(ii) What is the probability of getting the sum as a prime number? 1
(iii) What is the probability of getting a doublet of even number? 2
OR
What is the probability of getting a product of numbers greater than 16? 2
LEVEL_3
MCQ:
1. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random.
What is the probability that the ticket drawn is a number which is multiple of 3
or 5?
(a) 1/2 (b) 2/5 (c) 8/15 (d) 9/20
2. A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random.
What is the probability that none of the balls drawn are blue?
(a) 10/21 (b) 11/21 (c) 2/7 (d) 5/7
3. In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is picked up
randomly. What is the probability that it is neither red nor green?
(a) 1/3 (b) 3/4 (c) 7/19 (d) 8/21
4. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability of getting a queen of
club or a king of heart is:
(a) 1/13 (b) 2/13 (c) 1/26 (d) 1/52
5. There are 30 cards of the same size in a bag on which natural numbers 1 to 30
are written. One card is taken out of the bag at random. Then the probability
that the number on the selected card is not divisible by 3 is:
(a) 1/3 (b) 3/4 (c) 2/3 (d) 1/4
2-MARKS
1. A number x is selected from the numbers 1, 2, 3 and then a second number y is
selected from the numbers 1, 4, 9. What is the probability that the product xy of
the two numbers will be less than 9?
2. A coin is tossed three times. Find the probability of getting exactly two tails.
3. 1000 tickets of a lottery were sold and there are 5 prizes on these tickets. If
saket has purchased one lottery ticket, then what is the probability of winning a

prize?
4. What is the probability that a number selected from the numbers 1, 2, 3,….. 25
is a prime number, when each of the given numbers is equally likely to be
selected?
5. There are total of 45 beads of blue, green and white colour in a jar. The
1
probability of selecting a blue bead is and probability of selecting a green
3
4
bead is . How many white beads are there in the jar?
9
6. A child has a die whose 6 faces show the letters given below:
The die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting (i) A, (ii) D?
7. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the probability of
getting (i) a red face card (ii) a black king.
8. Peter throws two different dice together and finds the product of the two
numbers obtained. Rina throws a die and squares the number obtained. Who
has the better chance to get the number 25?
9. A card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the
probability that the drawn card is neither a king nor a queen.
3-MARKS
1. A bag contains 12 balls out of which x are white.
i) If one ball is drawn at random, what is the probability that it will be a white
ball?
ii) If 6 more white bails are put in the bag, then the probability of drawing a
white ball will be double than that in (i). Find the value of x.
2. Tickets numbered from 1 to 20 are mixed up together and then a ticket is drawn
at random. What is the probability that the ticket has a number which is a
multiple of 3 or 7?
3. A card is drawn at random from a well - shuffled deck of playing cards. Find the
probability that the card drawn is
i) A card of spades or an ace. ii) A red king
iii) Either a king or a queen iv) neither a king nor a queen

4. A bag contains 6 red balls and some blue balls. If the probability of drawing a
blue ball from the bag is twice that of a red ball, find the number of blue balls in
the bag.
5. Two dice are thrown at the same time, determine the probability that the
difference of the numbers on the two dice is 2.
6. A number is selected from the numbers l, 2, 3, 4 and a second number is
selected from the numbers 1, 5, 6, 12. Find the probability that the product of
two numbers selected is less than 12.
5-MARKS
1. A jar contains blue and green marbles. The number of green marbles is 5 more
than twice the number of blue. If probability of drawing a blue one at random is
2
,then how many blue and green marbles are there in the jar?
7
2. A bag contains cards which are numbered from 2 to 90. A card is drawn at
random from the bag. Find the probability that the drawn card bears:
a) A two digit number
b) A number which is a perfect square.
3. A bundle of cards numbered from 5 to 20 are put in a box. One card is drawn at
random from the box. What is the probability that the number on the card is?
i) A single digit number? ii) A multiple of both 2 and 5?

4. A child's game has 8 triangles of which 3 are blue and rest are red and 10
squares of which 6 are blue and' rest are red. One piece is lost at random. Find
the probability that it is a
i) Triangle ii) square
iii) Square of blue colour iv) triangle of red colour.
5. In a game, the entry fee is ₹ 5. The game consists of a tossing a coin 3 times. If
one or two heads shown, Sweat gets her entry fee back. If she throws 3 heads,
she receives double the entry fees. Otherwise she will lose. For tossing a coin
three times, find the probability that she
i) loses the entry fee
ii) gets double entry fee
iii) Just gets her entry fee

6. A lot consists of 48 mobile phones of which 42 are good, 3 have only minor
defects and 3 have major defects. Veronika will buy a phone if it is good but the
trader will only buy a mobile if it has no major defect. One phone is selected at
random from the lot. What is the probability that it is?
i) Acceptable to Veronika? ii) Acceptable to the trader?
7. A bag contains 24 balls of which x are red, 2x are white and 3x are blue. A ball
is selected at random. What is the probability that it is:
i) Not red? ii) White?

CASE STUDY_1
Five friends and one of their mother are having a picnic. The mother deicide to
play card game. 17 cards numbered 1, 2, 3 ... 17 are put in a box and mixed
thoroughly. The mother asks each boy to draw a card and after each draw she
shows some magic tricks based on card number.
(i) What is the probability of drawing an odd number card in the first draw by the
first boy? 1
(ii) Now in second draw, card drawn in first draw is replaced. What is the
probability of drawing a prime number card by the second boy? 1
(iii) If in second draw, boy got number 2 and the card is not replaced, what is the
probability of drawing a card bearing a multiple of 3 greater than 5 by the third
boy? 2
OR
(iv) If the card is replaced after the third draw, what is the probability of drawing a
card bearing a number greater than 17 by the fourth boy? 2

CASE STUDY_2
A game at a stall in New Year carnival involves spinning a wheel first as a first
step to complete the game with certain rules. If the wheel stops at a particular
number, then the player is allowed to roll a 6 faced unbiased dice.
Rules of Game:
(1) If the wheel stops at a particular number, then the player is allowed to roll a
unbiased dice.
(2) If the wheel stops at any other number, player get to try again and only one
extra try allowed.
(3) If player reach the next stage and roll a dice, he may get a prize depending on
the number on dice.
(i) What is the probability of getting an even number on the wheel? 1

(ii) If getting an odd number on the wheel allows a player to roll the die, then what
is the probability of his rolling the die? 1
(iii) If the player is allowed to roll the dice and getting a number greater than 4
entitles him to get prize, what is the probability of his winning the prize? 2
OR
If getting a square number on the wheel allows a player to roll the dice, then
what is the probability of his rolling the dice?

1. In the below figure, CM and RN are respectively the medians of ABC and
PQR . If ABC  PQR , Prove that:
CM AB
(i) AMC  PNR (ii)  (iii) CMB  RNQ
RN PQ

2. A girl of height 90 cm is walking away from the base of a lamp-post at a speed of
1.2 m/s. If the lamp is 3.6 m above the ground, find the length of her shadow
after 4 seconds.

STATISTICS
MIND MAPPING

1. Class mark = (Upper Class Limit + Lower Class Limit)/2
2. Mean [Ungrouped Data]: Mean of n observations, x1, x2, x3 … xn, is
3. MEAN [Grouped Data]: The mean for grouped data can be found by the
following three methods:
(i) Direct method: X  fx i i
f i
(ii) Assumed Mean Method: In this, an arbitrary mean ‘a’ is chosen which is called,
‘assumed mean’, somewhere in the middle of all the values of x.
X a 
fd
i i
… [where di = (xi – a)]
f i
Step Deviation Method: x  a    i i

 fu  x a
(iii)
 f   h where ui  i ; ‘a’ is the
 i  h
assumed mean and h is the class size.

4. Median is a measure of central tendency which gives the value of the middle-
most observation in the data.

th
 n 1
(i) Ungrouped data: If n is odd; Median =   observation
 2 
th th
n  n 
 2  observation   2  1 observation
If n is even; Median =    
2
n 
 2  c.f 
(ii) Grouped data: Median = l   h
 f 
 
Where [ l = Lower limit of median class; n = Number of observations; f =
Frequency of median class; c.f. = Cumulative frequency of preceding class; h =
Class size].
5. Mode of Ungrouped Data: The value of the observation having maximum
frequency is the mode.
 f1  f 0 
6. Mode of Grouped Data: Mode  l   h
 2 f1  f 0  f 2 
Where [ l = Lower limit of modal class; f1 = Frequency of modal class; f0 =
Frequency of the class preceding the modal class; f2 = Frequency of the class
succeeding the modal class; h = Size of class interval. c.f. = Cumulative
frequency of preceding class]
7. Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
LEVEL_1
MCQ:
1. If the mode of a data is 45, mean is 27, then the value of median is:
(a) 30 (b) 27 (c) 33 (d) All of these
2.  
The mean x of a frequency distribution is 45. If the value of f i  20 then the
value of  f x i i is:
(a) 800 (b) 900 (c) 2.25 (d) 4/9
3. The mean of first five prime numbers is:
(a) 5 (b) 5.6 (c) 6.5 (d) 7.8
4. What is the class mark of the class 10-25?
(a) 17.5 (b) 17 (c) 19.5 (d) 18.5

5. If the mean of five observations x , x  2, x  4, x  6, x  8 is 11, then find the
value of x .
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 7
6. In the formula x  a 
fd i i
, for finding the mean of grouped data di ' s are
f i
deviation from ‘a’ is:

(a) lower limits of the classes (b) upper limits of the classes
(c) mid-points of the classes (d) frequencies of the class marks
7. If the mean of the following distribution is 6, then find the value of a.
xi 2 4 6 10 a+5
fi 3 2 3 1 2
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 9
8. If the mean of the following distribution is 2.6, then find the value of y.
Variable 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency 4 5 y 1 2
(a) 3 (b) 8 (c) 13 (d) 24

9. In the following distribution, find the number of families having income range
16000-19000 (in Rs).
Monthly income range in (Rs.) Number of families
Income more than Rs. 10000 100
(a) 31 (b) 26 (c) 13 (d) 19

10. For the following distribution:
Class 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25
Frequency 10 15 12 20 9
The sum of lower limits of the median class and modal class is:
(a) 15 (b) 25 (c) 30 (d) 35

2-MARKS:
1. Find the mean of the following data:
x 10 20 30 40 50
f 2 3 2 3 1
2. Mean of the following data is 20 then, find p.

x 15 17 19 20 + p 23
f 2 3 4 5p 6
3. The mean of the following data is 50. Find the missing frequencies.
x 10 30 50 70 90 Total
f 2 f1 32 f2 19 120
4. The median of the following distribution is 24, then find the missing frequency.
x 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
f 5 25 p 18 7
5. A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of their environment

awareness programme in which they collected the following data regarding the
number of plants in 20 houses in a locality. Find the mean number of plants per
house.
Number of plants 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14
Number of houses 1 2 1 5 7 2 3
6. The following are the ages of 300 patients getting medical treatment in a
hospital on a particular day:
Age (in years) 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
Number of students 1 2 1 5 7 2
Form the “Less than type” cumulative frequency distribution table.

7. Convert the following distribution to more than type cumulative frequency
distribution.
Class 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
Frequency 1 2 1 5 5

8. Write the frequency distribution table for the data given below.
Marks 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
or or or or or or or or or or
more more more more more more more more more more
No.of
100 98 93 84 72 55 35 20 11 4
students
9. In the following data, find the values of p and q. Also find the median class and
modal class.
Class Frequency (f) Number of families
100-200 11 11
200-300 12 p
300-400 10 33
400-500 q 46
500-600 20 66
600-700 14 80
10. Find the mean of the following frequency distribution by direct method.
Marks 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10
No.of students 2 5 5 3
11. The mean of 10 observations is 15.3. If two observations 6 and 9 are replaced by
8 and 14 respectively. Find the new mean.
12. The median of the following observations given in order 16, 18, 20, 24-x, 22 +
2x, 28, 30, 32 is 24. Find the value of x.
3-MARKS:
1. The daily income of a sample of 50 employees are tabulated as follows:
Marks 1-200 201-400 401-600 601-800

No.of students 14 15 14 7
Find the mean daily income of employees.

2. Find the median for the given frequency distribution.
Class 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75
Frequency 2 3 8 6 6 3 2

3. A class teacher has the following absentee record of 40 students of a class for
the whole team. Find the mean number of days a student was absent.
Class 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30 30-36 36-42

Frequency 10 11 7 4 4 3 1
4. The table below shows the salaries of 280 persons.
Salary (in thousands) No.of persons

5-10 49
10-15 133
15-20 63
20-25 15
25-30 6
30-35 7
35-40 4
40-45 2
45-50 1
Calculate the median salary of the data.

5. The lengths of 40 leaves of a plant are measured correct to the nearest
millimeter, and the data obtained is represented in the following table. Find the
median length of leaves.
Length 118-126 127-135 136-144 145-153 154-162 163-171 172-180

(in mm)
No.of 3 5 9 12 5 4 2
leaves
6. The table shows the daily expenditure on food of 25 household in the locality.
Daily expenditure 100-150 150-200 200-250 250-300 300-350

No.of house holds 10 11 7 4 4
Find the mean daily expenditure on food by a suitable method.
7. Find the mode of the following distribution of student marks.
Marks Below 10 Below 20 Below 30 Below 40 Below 50

No.of Students 8 20 45 58 70

8. Calculate the median for the following distribution:
Marks obtained Below 10 Below 20 Below 30 Below 40 Below 50 Below 60
No.of students 6 15 29 41 60 70
Class Less than 20 Less than 40 Less than60 Less than80 Less than 100
Frequency 15 37 74 99 120
10. The mean of the following table is 50. Find the missing frequencies f1 and f 2 .
Class 10-30 30-50 50-70 70-90 90-110 Total

Frequency 90 f1 30 f2 40 200
5-MARKS:
1. The mean of the following given distribution is 18. Find the frequency f of the
class 19 – 21.
Class 11-13 13-15 15-17 17-19 19-21 21-23 23-25
Frequency 3 6 9 13 f 5 4
2. The median of the following data is 525. Find the values of x and y, if the total
frequency is 100.
Class-interval Frequency
0-100 2
100-200 5
200-300 x
300-400 12
400-500 17
500-600 20
600-700 y
700-800 9
800-900 7
900-1000 4
3. The following table shows the ages of the patient admitted in a hospital during a
year. Find the mean by step deviation method.
Age (in years) 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65

No.of patients 6 11 21 23 14 5

4. Find the mean of the following frequency distribution using assumed mean
method.
Classes 2-8 8-14 14-20 20-26 26-32

Frequency 6 3 12 11 8
5. Find the mean of children per family from the data given below.
No.of children 0 1 2 3 4 5
No.of families 5 11 25 12 5 2
(i) Which mathematical concept is used in this problem?
(ii) What is its value?
6. Find the median for the following data.
Profit (in lakh of rupee) No.of shops

More than or equal to 5 30
7. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8 and the sum of all the
frequencies is 50. Compute the missing frequencies f1 and f 2 .
Class interval 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120
Frequency 5 f1 10 f2 7 8
8. Calculate the mode from the following data.
Monthly salary (in Rs) No.of employees

Less than 5000 90
Less than 10000 240
Less than 15000 340
Less than 20000 420
Less than 25000 490
Less than 30000 500

9. Calculate the mode of the following frequency distribution table.
Marks No.of Students
25 or more than 25 52

CASE STUDY_1
Transport department of a Jaipur wants to buy some Electric buses for the city.
For which they wants to analyse the distance travelled by existing public
transport buses in a day.
Daily distance 200-209 210-219 220-229 230-239 240-249
travelled (in km)
No.of buses 4 14 26 10 6
The following data shows the distance travelled by 60 existing public transport
buses in a day.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Find the median class of daily distance travelled? 1

(ii) What is the cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class? 1
(iii) Find the median of the distance travelled. 2
OR
If the mode of the distance travelled is 223.78 km, find the mean of the distance
travelled by the bus. 2

CASE STUDY_2
The Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan is a system of premier central government
schools in India that are instituted under the aegis of the Ministry of Education
(MHRD), Government of India. As of October 2020, it has a total of 1239
schools. It is one of the world’s largest chains of schools. The system came into
being in 1963 under the name ‘Central Schools’. Later, the name was changed
to Kendriya Vidyalaya. Its schools are all affiliated to the Central Board of
Secondary Education (CBSE). The objective of KVS is to cater to the educational
needs of the children of transferable Central Government employees including
Defence and Para-Military personnel by providing a common programme of
education.
Commissioner of Regional office Jaipur prepare a table of the marks obtained of

100 students which is given below:
Marks obtained 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
No.of students 15 18 21 29 p
He was told that mean marks of a student is 53.
(i) What is the value of p? 1

(ii) What is the lower limit of modal class? 1
(iii) What is the value of modal marks? 2
OR
What is the value of median marks? 2

CASE STUDY_3
Amul, is an Indian dairy cooperative society, based at Anand in the Gujarat.
Formed in 1946, it is a cooperative brand managed by a cooperative body, the
Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), which today is
jointly owned by 36 lakh (3.6 million) milk producers in Gujarat. Amul spurred
India’s White Revolution, which made the country the world’s largest producer of
milk and milk products.
Survey manager of Amul dairy has recorded monthly expenditures on milk in

100 families of a housing society. This is given in the following frequency
distribution:
Monthly expenditure (in Rs) Number of families
0-175 10
175-350 14
350-525 15
525-700 x
700-875 28
875-1050 7
1050-1225 5
(i) How many families spend between Rs 350- 700 on milk? 1
(ii) What is the upper limit of median class? 1
(iii) What is the median expenditure on milk? 2
OR
What is the modal expenditure on milk? 2

LEVEL_2
MCQ:
1. The median of the following data:
x: 10 20 30 40 50
y: 2 3 2 3 1
(a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 50

2. Consider the following distribution:
Marks 0 10 20 30 40 50
obtained or or or or or or
more more more more more more
No.of students 63 58 55 51 48 42
Find the frequency of the class 30-40.

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
3. What is the median in the arranged series of an even number of 2n terms?
 n th term  n  1th term   n th term  n  1th term 

(a)   (b)  
 2   2 
   
 2n th term   2n  1th term   2n th term   2n  1th term 

(c)   (d)  
 2   3 
   
4. Consider the following frequency distribution:
Class 0-5 6-11 12-17 18-23 24-29
Frequency 13 10 15 8 11
The upper limit of the median class is:

(a) 7 (b) 17.5 (c) 18 (d) 18.5
5. Consider the following frequency distribution of the height of 60 students of a

class.
Height (in cm) 150-155 155-160 160-165 165-170 170-175 175-180
No.of students 15 13 10 8 9 5
Find the sum of the lower limit of the modal class and the upper limit of the
median class.

(a) 165 (b) 160 (c) 325 (d) 235
6. For the following distribution,
Marks No.of students

Below 10 3
Below 20 12
Below 30 27
Below 40 57
Below 50 75
Below 60 80
The modal class is:
(a) 10-20 (b) 20-30 (c) 30-40 (d) 40-50
7. If the median of the data 6, 7, x-2, x, 17, 20 written in ascending order is 16,
then find the value of x.
(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 18
8. If the mean of the frequency distribution is 8.1 and fx i i  132  5k , f i  20
then find the value of k .
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
9. If the mean of n observations is x . If the first observation is increased by 1, the

second by 2, the third by 3, and so on, then find the new mean.
 n 1  n 1 n n  1
(a) x    (b) x    (c) x  (d) x  n
 2   2  2
10. If the difference of mode and median of a data is 24, then find the difference of
median and mean.
(a) 12 (b) 24 (c) 8 (d) 36
2-MARKS
1. Sum of 12 observations is 256, if one of the observation 14 is deleted, find the
mean of the remaining observations.
2. Find the modal class and the median class for the following distribution:
C.I 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50


3. Write the frequency distribution table for the following data:
Marks Above 0 Above 10 Above 20 Above 30 Above 40 Above 50

No.of students 40 38 31 25 20 0
4. Find the sum of lower limit of median class and upper limit of the modal class.
Class 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

Frequency 1 3 5 9 7 3
5. Find the mean of the following data and hence find the mode, given that the
median of the data is 42.5.
Class 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

Frequency 4 8 10 12 10 4 2
6. The monthly income of 100 families are given below:
Income 0 5000 10000 15000 20000
(in Rs) -5000 -10000 -15000 -20000 -25000
No.of families 4 8 10 12 10
Calculate the modal income.
7. The mean and median of 100 observations are 50 and 52 respectively. The value
of the largest observation is 100. It was later found that it is 110 and 100. Find
the true mean the median.
8. Find the unknown entries a, b, c, d, e, f in the following distribution of heights

the students in a class.
Height (in cm) Frequency Cumulative Frequency
150−155 12 a
155−160 b 25
160−165 10 c
165−170 d 43
170−175 e 48
175−180 2 f
Total 50

3-MARKS
1. If the mean of the following frequency distribution is 91, and sum of frequency is
150, find the missing frequency x and y:
Class 0-30 30-60 60-90 90-120 120-150 150-180
Frequency 12 21 x 52 y 11
2. Calculate the average daily income (in Rs.) of the following data about men
working in a company:
Daily income (Rs) < 100 < 200 < 300 < 400 < 500
Number of men 12 28 34 41 50
3. Find the mean of the following distribution:
Height Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less
(in cm) than than than than than than than than than than
75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
No.of 5 11 14 18 21 28 33 37 45 50
students
4. 100 surnames were randomly picked up from a local telephone directory and the
frequency distribution of the number of letters in the English alphabets in the
surnames was obtained as follows:
No.of letters 1-4 4-7 7-10 10-13 13-16 16-19
No.of 6 30 40 16 4 4
surnames
5. Calculate the median for the following distribution:
Marks obtained Number of students

Less than 10 14
Less than 20 22
Less than 30 37
Less than 40 58
Less than 50 67
Less than 60 75

6. The median of the distribution given below is 35. Find the value of x and y, if the
sum of all the frequencies is 170.
Variable 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

Frequency 10 20 x 40 y 25 15
7. The annual profits earned by 60 shops of a shopping complex in a given locality

is described in the following distribution: Calculate median profit.
Profit (in thousands) Class Frequency

More than 10 60
More than 20 56
More than 30 32
More than 40 28
More than 50 20
More than 60 14
More than 70 6
8. The median class of a frequency distribution is 125-145. The frequency and

cumulative frequency of the class preceding to the median class are 20 and 22,
respectively. Find the sum of the frequencies, if its median is 137.
5-MARKS
1. Find the mean, median and mode of the following data:
Class interval 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30

2. A health officer took an initiative organizing a medical camp in a remote village.

The medical checkup of 35 students of the age group of 10 year and their
weights were recorded as follows:
Weight (in Kg) 38-40 40-42 42-44 44-46 46-48 48-50 50-52
No.of Students 3 2 4 5 14 4 3
(i) Find the mean weight of the students using assumed mean method.
(ii) Calculate the median of the given data.

3. The median of the distribution given below is 14.4. Find the values of x and y, if
the sum of the frequency is 20.
Class interval 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30
Frequency 5 y 4 x 1
4. The distribution of heights (in cm) of 96 children is given below: Calculate the
median.
Height (in cm) No.of children
124-128 5
128-132 8
132-136 17
136-140 24
140-144 16
144-148 12
148-152 6
152-156 4
156-160 3
160-164 1
5. The following is the cumulative frequency distribution (of less than type) of 1000
persons each of age 20 years and above. Determine the mean age.
Age below(in years) 30 40 50 60 70 80

No.of persons 100 220 350 750 950 1000
CASE STUDY_1
Formula one Portuguese Grand Prix technical team at the Algarve International
Circuit are analysing last year data of drivers’ performance to provide valuable
inferences to commentators on how the drivers can improve this year.

The length of time taken by 80 drivers to complete a journey is given in the table
below:
Time (in mins) 70-80 80-90 90-100 100-110 110-120 120-130

No.of drivers 4 10 14 20 24 8
(i) What is the estimate of the mean time taken to complete the journey? 2
OR
What is the median time taken to complete journey? 2
(ii) In which interval does the median of the distribution lie? 1
(iii) In which interval does the mode of the distribution lie? 1
LEVEL_3
MCQ:
x x 2x x 2x 3x
1. Observations of some data are , x, , , , and where x  0 . If the
5 3 3 4 5 4
median of the data is 4, then what is the value of x ?
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10
2. If the mean of the squares of first n natural numbers is 105, then find the first n
natural numbers.
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11
3. A set of numbers consists of three 4’s, five 5’s, six 6’s, eight 8’s and seven 10’s.
What is the mode of this set of numbers?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 10
4. The mean weight of 9 students is 25 kg. If one more student is joined in the
group the mean is unaltered, then find the weight of the 10th student (in kg).
(a) 25 (b) 24 (c) 26 (d) 23
5. The mean and median of the data a, b and c are 50 and 35 respectively, where
a  b  c . If c  a  55 , then find the value of b  a .
(a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) 5
6. If median is 137 and mean is 137.05, then what is the value of the mode?
(a) 136.90 (b) 135.75 (c) 134.70 (d) 135.79
7. If xi ' s are the midpoints of the class intervals of grouped data, f i ' s are the
corresponding frequencies and x is the mean, then find  f x
i i x .
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) 2

8. What is the modal class for the following distribution?
(a) 40-50 (b) 30-40 (c) 50-60 (d) 20-30
2-MARKS
1. Convert the following data into more than type distribution:
Class interval 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80

Frequency 2 8 12 24 38 16
2. Construct the cumulative frequency distribution of the following distribution

and find the median class.
Class interval 12.5-17.5 17.5-22.5 22.5-27.5 27.5-32.5 32.5-27.5

Frequency 2 22 19 14 13
3. The marks obtained by 60 students, out of 50 in a Mathematics examination,

are given below.
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
No.of Students 2 22 19 14 13
Write the above distribution as “Less than type cumulative frequency

distribution”.
4. The mean of ungrouped data and the mean calculated when the same data is
grouped are always the same. Do you agree with this statement? Give reason for
your answer.
5. The mean of the following data is 7.5. Find the value of p.
xi 3 5 7 9 11 13
fi 6 8 15 p 8 4
6. The median of ungrouped data and the median calculated when the same data
is grouped are always the same. Do you agree with this statement? Give reason
for your answer.

7. Is it true to say that the mean, mode and median of grouped data will always be
different? Justify your answer.
8. Will the median class and modal class of grouped data always be different?
Justify your answer.
3-MARKS:
1. 100 surnames were randomly picked up from a telephone directory, distribution
of the number of letters of the English alphabet in the surnames are obtained as
follows:
No.of letters 1-4 4-7 7-10 10-13 13-16 16-19

No.of surnames 6 30 40 16 4 4
Determine the median and mean number of letters in the surnames. Also, find
the modal size of surnames.
2. The mean of the following distribution is 314. Determine the missing frequency
x.
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

Frequency 5 x 10 12 7 8
3. Prove that  x i 
x 0.
Class Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than
20 40 60 80 100
Frequency 15 37 74 99 120
5. Compute the median from the following data:
Mid-values 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195
Frequency 6 25 48 72 116 60 38 22 3
6. The mode of a distribution is 55 and the modal class is 45-60 and the frequency
preceding the modal class is 5 and the frequency after the modal class is 10.
Find the frequency of the modal class.
7. The sum of deviations of a set of values x1, x2,x3,....xn measured from 50 is -10
and the sum of deviations of the values from 46 is 70. Find the value of n and
the mean.

8. The arithmetic mean of the following frequency distribution is 53. Find the value
of k .
5-MARKS
1. A class teacher has the following absents record of 40 students of a class for the
whole term. Find the mean number of days a student was absent (Solve it by
Step deviation method).
No.of days 0-6 6-10 10-14 14-20 20-28 28-38 38-40

No.of students 11 10 7 4 4 3 1
2. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8. Find the missing
frequency f.
Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120

Frequency 5 8 f 12 7 8
3. The following distribution given the state-wise teacher-student ratio in higher

secondary schools of India. Find the mode and mean of this data. Interpret the
two measures.
No.of students 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55
per teacher
No.of 3 8 9 10 3 0 0 2
states/U.T
4. A survey was conducted to give the percentage distribution of doctors in
hospitals of rural areas of various states and various Union Territories (UT) of
India are given in the following table.
Percentage of doctors Number of states/UT
15-25 6
25-35 11
35-45 7
45-55 4
55-65 4
65-75 2
75-85 1

(i) Find the mean percentage of doctors of rural areas of various states and union
territories.
(ii) Suppose there are two persons Ram and Shyam. If Ram find out the mean by
direct method and Shyam find out the mean by Assumed mean method, then
whether both of them get the same value. Explain the reason.
5. Find the mean and median marks of the students for following distribution:
Marks Number of Students

0 and above 80
10 and above 77
20 and above 72
30 and above 65
40 and above 55
50 and above 43
60 and above 28
70 and above 16
80 and above 10
90 and above 8
100 and above 0
6. Following is the cumulative frequency distribution of less than type of 1000
persons each of age 20 years and above. Determine the mean age.
Age (in years) Number of persons

Below 30 100
Below 40 220
Below 50 350
Below 60 750
Below 70 950
Below 80 1000
CASE STUDY_1
Apples are most widely planted and are commercially the most important fruit
crop in Jammu and Kashmir. The cultivation of apple crop in Jammu and
Kashmir shows particular interest for a number of reasons. In terms of both
area and production, apple is very beneficial fruit crop. This provides a major
source of income and employment in Jammu and Kashmir.

Horticultural department has tasked their statistical officer to create a model for
farmers to be able to predict their produce output based on various factors.
A box containing 250 apples was opened and each apple was weighed. The
distribution of the weight of the apples is given in the following table:
(i) How many apples are in the range 140-160 grams? 1
(ii) What is the upper limit of the median class? 1
(iii) What is the modal mass of the apples? 2
OR
What is the median mass of the apples? 2
CASE STUDY_2
Student-teacher ratio expresses the relationship between the number of
students enrolled in a school and the number teachers employed by the school.
Student-teacher ratio is important for a number of reasons. It can be used as a
tool to measure teacher workload as well as the allocation of resources. A low
student-teacher ratio indicates the burden on a single teacher of teaching
multiple students as well as the lack of time that each student gets.

A survey was conducted in the 100 secondary school of Rajasthan and following
frequency distribution table was prepared:

(i) What is the upper limit of median class? 1
(ii) What is the median value of students per teacher? 2
OR
What is the mean value of students per teacher? 2
(iii) What is the lower limit of modal class?

1. ABC and DBC lie on the same side of BC, as shown in the figure. From a
point P on BC, PQ  AB and PR  BD are drawn, meeting AC at Q and CD at R
respectively. Prove that QR  AD .

2. Find the area of the segment AYB as shown in the below figure. If the radius of
22
the circle is 21 cm and AOB  1200 (Use   ).
7

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CBSE_X CENTUM BOOK_2023-24 SUB: MATHEMATICS

Narayana Group of Schools 1

S.NO CHAPTER NAME PAGE. NO.

2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 22 – 39

6. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES 100 – 123

7. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY 124 – 143

8 PROBABILILTY 144 – 165

9 STATISTICS 166 – 191

Narayana Group of Schools 2

III COORDINATE GEOMETRY 06

VII STATISTICS & PROBABILTY 11

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN (Standard)

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80

S.No Typology of Questions Total % Weightage

1 Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously

Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts 43 54

2 Applying: Solve problems to new situations by

Narayana Group of Schools 3

Evaluating: Present and defend opinions by making

Creating: Compile information together in a

Methods of Questioning-Skills in focus

Questions where a child just recalls the information learnt.

Eg: Find the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation 2 x 2  6 x  3  0 .

Eg: Evaluate sin 30 0 cos 60 0  cos 3 0 0 sin 60 0 .

Questions which need interpretation of information given

Questions where we want to test whether a student has understood a concept.

Questions where application of acquired knowledge in a different situation is

Narayana Group of Schools 4

Questions where a child has to make judgement or opinions after analysing

Questions where given information is presented in a different way or a different

Narayana Group of Schools 5

Basic facts and formulae:

p  x   a0xn  a1xn 1  a2x n 2  ....  an 1x  an  a0 ; where a0,a1,a2,....an are real

2) If p  x  is a polynomial in x , then the highest power of x in the p  x  will be the

Narayana Group of Schools 6

10) If a > 0 then the shape of the parabola open upwards.

11) If a < 0 then the shape of the parabola open downwards.

Narayana Group of Schools 7

16) If  x    ,  x    are the factors of a quadratic polynomial f  x  , then

Narayana Group of Schools 8

9. The graph of y  p  x  is shown in the figure for some polynomial p  x  . The

number of zeroes of p  x  are:

3. If one of the zeroes of the polynomial a 2  9  x 2  13x  6a is reciprocal of other,

then find the value of a .

4. If one of the zeroes of the polynomial k  1 x 2  kx  1 is -3 then find the value of

Narayana Group of Schools 9

of other, find the value of k .

8. If one of the zero of the polynomial 2x 2  3x   is 1 , find the value of  and

is -1, then find the product of zeroes.

7. If m , n are the zeroes of the polynomial 3x 2  x  2 , find the values of the

Narayana Group of Schools 10

relationship between zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.

the value of:

whose zeroes are:

Narayana Group of Schools 11

   then, find the value of 8   . 2

(i) How many students wrote cubic polynomial? 1

Narayana Group of Schools 12

(i) Write the standard form of a polynomial of degree 2. 1