Jawahar Navodaya

Vidyalaya,
Gajanur, Shivamogga

English project on piece

MADE BY: -
SUBMITTED TO: - DIVYATEJ
NC
MINI MARKOSE
04
PGT ENGLISH
XII COMMERCE
 INDEX
1. OBJECTIVE

2. ABOUT POET

3. INTRODUCTION

IMPORTANCE OF PEACE

EFFECT OF WAR

WAR THEN VS NOW

4. CONCLUSION

5. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 OBJECTIVES
This project is based on the “peace”
inspired by the theme of “the enemy” by
Pearl S Buck.
The objective of selecting this topic are:
• Explaining the concept of peace.
• Highlight the importance of peace.
• Describe the concept of war and its effect.
• Highlight the prevention of war and role of
students.
 ABOUT POET
(June 26, 1892 – March 6, 1973)
was anAmerican writer and
novelist. She is best known for
The Good Earth a bestselling
novel in the United States in
1931and 1932 and won the
Pulitzer Prize in 1932. In 1938,
Buck won the Nobel Prize in
Literature “for her rich and truly
epic descriptions of peasant life
in China” and for her
"masterpieces", two memoir-
biographies of her missionary
parents. She was the first
American woman to win that
prize.
Buck was born in West Virginia, but in
October1892, her parents took their 4-month-
old baby to China. As the daughter of
missionaries and later as a missionary herself,
Buck spent most of her life before 1934 in
Zhenjiang, with her parents, and in Nanjing,
with her first husband. She and her parents
spent their summers in a villa in Kuling,
Mountain Lu, Jiujiang, and it was during this
annual pilgrimage that the young girl decided
to become a writer. She graduated from
Randolph-Macon Woman's College in
Lynchburg, Virginia ,then returned to China.
From 1914 to 1932, after marrying John
Lossing, Buck she served as a Presbyterian
missionary, but she came to doubt the need for
foreign missions.Her views became
controversial during the Fundamentalist–
Modernist controversy, leading to her
resignation. After returning to the United
States in 1935, she married the publisher
Richard J. Walsh and continued writing
prolifically. She became an activist and
prominent advocate of the rights of women
and racial equality and wrote widely on
Chinese and Asian cultures, becoming
particularly well-known for her efforts on behalf
of Asian and mixed-race adoption.
 INTRODUCTION
Peace is a concept of societal friendship and
Harmon in the absence of hostility and
violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly
used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war)
and freedom from fear of violence between
individuals or groups. Throughout history,
leaders have used peacemaking and
diplomacy to establish a type of behavioral
restraint that has resulted in the
establishment of regional peace or economic
growth through various forms of agreements
or peace treaties. Such behavioral restraint
has often resulted in the reduced conflict,
greater economic interactivity, and
consequently substantial prosperity.
IMPORTANT OF PIECE
● History has been proof of the thousands
of wars which have taken place in all
periods at different levels between
nations. Thus, we learned that peace
played an important role in ending these
wars or even preventing some of them.
● In fact, if you take a look at all religious
scriptures and ceremonies, youwill realize
that all of them teach peace. They mostly
advocate eliminating war and maintaining
harmony. In other words, all of them hold
out as acred commitment to peace.
● When peace and harmony are
maintained, things will continue to run
smoothly without any delay. Moreover, it
can be a savior for many whodo not wish
to engage in any disrupting activities or
more.
● In other words, while war destroys and
disrupts, peace builds and strengthens as
well as restores. Moreover, peace is
personal which helpsus achieve security
and tranquility and avoid anxiety and
chaos to make our lives better.
● It is after the thousands of destructive
wars that humans realized the importance
of peace. Earth needs peace in order to
survive. This applies to every angle
including wars, pollution, natural disasters
and more.
EFFECT OF WAR
1) EFFECT ON SOLDIERS

Soldiers train rigorously, preparing for the

departure of war. They sacrifice all that
they have to fight for their country. As
they return after the war,they are left with
painful experiences and traumatizing
memories suffering from their in evitable
conditions .However, the spouse, families
and children back at home are suffering
even more than soldiers. The war is
something no one wants to go through.
Soldiers train to fight for their country and
for their very lives. In doing so, the war
isn’t a pretty place to be in. Many soldiers
have returned with diseases, missing
limbs, and mental trauma. After fighting
the war, numerous soldiers return home
injured or has contracted some type of
health condition or disease. “diseases such
as tuberculosis...asthma...heart
conditions...trench foot...”

2)EFFECT ON COMMON MAN

"International humanitarian law (IHL),

also known as the laws ofwar and the law
of armed conflict, is the legal framework
applicable to situations of armed conflict
and occupation. As a set of rules and
principles it aims, for humanitarian
reasons, to limit the effects of armed
conflict". International humanitarian law
works to limit the effects of war and will
protect the people who do not participate
in such hostilities. Most warshave resulted
in a significant loss of life. Conflict
characterizes a major obstacle for the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
particularly for the universal completion of
primary education and gender equality in
education. "The Millennium Development
goals are the world'stime-bound and
quantified targets for addressing extreme
poverty in its many dimensions-income
poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate
shelter, and exclusion-while promoting
gender equality, education, and
environmental sustainability. They are also
basic human rights-the rights of each
person on the planet to health,
education ,shelter,and security".There can
be no doubt that armed conflict directly
kills, injures, and harms more men than
women in that combatants are
predominantly male. Armed conflict has
many indirect consequences such as on
health and survival."Armedconflictboth
generates conditions for increased
morbidity and mortality".
 War Then vs Now

1. Though it lasted fewer than four years,

World War II was the most expensive war
in United States history. Adjusted for
inflation to today’s dollars, the war cost
over $4 trillion and in 1945, the war’s last
year, defense spending comprised about
40% of gross domestic product (GDP).
During that time, the government used
new methods to raise the required funds
and succeeded in accomplishing its goal.
While the wars waged in today’s world are
significant and costly, they still pale
incomparisontothe size and financial
impact of World War II. The following
infographic takes a closer look at the wars
of the 21st Century and how they stack up
to the wars of our past.

2. Gathering financial facts regarding

America’s brief involvement in World War I,
historians can see that $334 billion was
spent fighting the enemy(an amount
adjusted to reflect inflation). That amount
rose to $4.1 trillion during the Second
World War. The disparity in spending is
 partially explained by the fact that US
soldiers fought for just a year during World
War I, while they were actively engaged in
fighting during the final 4years of WWII.
Fifty-five years later, the cost of war has
been much less: 1.5 to
1.7 trillion between 2001 and 2014; but
the War on Terrorism is stretched out over
a much longer period of time.

3. Consider these figures in light of the Gross

Domestic Product and budgets as they are
established in each generation
represented. War spending in the first
instance amounts to 14.1% and rises to
37.5% during the Second World War.
Defense spending in the past 10+ years,
however, has consumed more than 40% of
the GDP at its peak.
 CONCLUSION
Why And how to Prevent War

1) War kills and harms soldiers: War kills,

injures and disables the very people who must carry it
out. It causes high levels of post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) and can lead to moral injury as well –
namely, the deep shame, guilt, anger or anxiety
experienced by soldiers as a result of killing or
harming others. Some soldiers may commit suicide.
Between 2010 and 2017, 130 Canadian soldiers took
their own lives.

2) War kills and harms civilians: In the 20th

century, some 200 million people were killed in war,
and many millions have already been killed in this
century. War not only kills, it also mains
people ,separates family members, causes disease,
hunger and other forms of deprivation. Toxic
substances released by some weapons result in severe
birth defects, long after wars are officially over.
Another frequent weapon of war is rape and other
forms of sexual violence against women and girls. The
human cost of war is staggering and the impacts
extend over generations.

3) War harms the natural environment:War

contaminates earth ,air and water.
 It destroys natural habitats, killing their flora and
fauna. The use of Agent Orange by the U.S. to
defoliate the Vietnamese countryside continues to
wreak havoc on Vietnam decades later, while use of
Depleted Uranium in Iraq will mean radioactive
contamination for thousands of years to come. Even
in peacetime, standing armies harm the environment
because of their enormous carbon footprint.
4)War’s financial cost is enormous: Consider
these statistics: Canada’s 12-year military engagement
in Afghanistan cost $8.4 billion, while U.S. conflicts
in Afghanistan and Iraq (and related violence in
Pakistan and Syria) from 2001 to 2016 cost about $4.8
trillion. The Institute for Economics & Peace
determined that in 2016, the impact of violence
(including war) to the global economy was $14.3
trillion–the equivalent of more than $5 per day for
every person alive.
 PREVENTING
WARS
1) The usual strategies suggested by political
scientists and international relations
experts to prevent war include arms
control and diplomacy. Approaches to
arms control and diplomacy vary in their
actual and potential effectiveness. The
historical and research literatures on these
approaches are vast (Daze & Meier, 2012;
Garcia, 2012) and beyond the scope of this
chapter. Regardless of the specific
approaches taken, sufficeit here to say
that arms control and diplomacy will
always remain essential strategies to
prevent war, especially in the nuclear age
when humanity is only minutes away from
possible destruction.
2) Beyond these two essential strategies, the
roots of war must also be addressed. As
discussed earlier ,war is a social, not
biological, phenomenon and arises from
decisions by political and military leaders
to go to war. There is ample evidence that
deceit accompanies many of these
decisions, as leaders go to many wars for
less than noble purposes. To the extent
this is true, citizens must always be ready
to question any rationales given for war,
and a free press in a democracy must
exercise eternal vigilance in reporting on
these rationales. According to critics, the
press and the public were far too
acquiescent in the decision to go to war in
Iraq in 2003,just as they had been
acquiescent a generation earlier when the
Vietnam War began being waged
(Solomon, 2006). To prevent war, then, the
press and the public must always be ready
to question assumptions about the
necessity of war. The same readiness
should occur in regard to militarism and
the size of the military budget.
 ROLE OF
STUDENTS
1) Educate yourself on the issue: If you
want to get your voice heard and convince
others to join your cause, you need to
make sure you fully understand the issue.
Read about the war in the news, stay up-
to-date on current events around the
world, and research the historical
backgrounds of the war-torn areas you are
concerned about.

2) Choose a location or event:To make your

protest effective and reach the most
possible people, you should carefully
choose an event or location. The place you
choose will greatly impact how people will
receive your message. If you interrupt a
church service with your protest, people
might be more annoyed and less
receptive than
if you were
protesting
outside a local
government
office.
3) Make
signs:You can
make them as
a big banner,
or as picket
signs to carry
around. No
matter how it
looks, just
make sure It
gets the point
across. Don't
paint the words
in yellow,
Because people won't be able to see this
while driving past. Paint it in a dark color,
such as black or red. Paint something
meaningful on it that will cause people to
want to sign your petition, such as, "People
are dying. You can stop it." This will make
people feel guilty for not doing anything,
and they will proudly sign the petition to
help the cause.

4) Protest: Go to a place that is crowded,

such as the park on a nice day. Set
yourself up at a nice table along with some
others who support the cause, and say
things loudly like, "People are dying! Only
you can stop it!" or "Anti-War, Pro-Peace!"
These things are likely to catch others'
attention. If someone comes over, tell the
me about your beliefs and ask them to
sign your petition.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Website
www.google.co
.in

https://
www.wikipedia
.org/

BOOK
CLASS 12 NCERT BOOK
ACKNOWLEDGM
ENT

I DIVYATEJ NC , of class XII of

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya,
Gajanur, Shivamogga do hereby
declare that this project is my
original work. I extend my
appreciation and gratitude to my
English teacher for her
wholehearted support and
guidance for the successful
completion of the project
Name of the Student: - DIVYATEJ
NC