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    Documenttyh

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    5 views3 pages

    Documenttyh

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    Italian grammar

    Passive

    In passive sentences, the subject receives the action of the verb. In active sentences, the subject does the action.
    However, the meaning of both sentences is the same. The passive form is only possible with transitive verbs and is
    much more common in English than in Italian.

    The passive form consists of the verb essere plus the past participle of the main verb followed by da (by) and its
    contractions. Essere should be in the same tense as the verb in its corresponding active sentence.

    The past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject.

    Active Voice Passive Voice

    I miei genitori pagano l'affitto. L'affitto è pagato dai miei genitori.


    My parents pay the rent. The rent is paid by my parents.

    Examples:

    Active. » Le ragazze firmano il contratto


    Passive. » I contratti sono firmati dalle ragazze.
    The contracts are signed by the girls.
    Active. » Carlo arreda la stanza
    Passive. » La stanza è (stata) arredata da Carlo.
    The room has been furnished by Carl.
    Active. » I miei genitori pagheranno l'affitto .
    Passive. » L'affitto sarà pagato dai miei genitori.
    The rent will be paid by my parents.
    Adjectives

    An adverb (avverbio) is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another


    adverb. An adverb can be compared to an adjective but instead it says
    something about a verb or an adjective instead of a noun.

    1. Luciano agisce lentamentes » Luciano acts slowly.


    2. Leonardo viene tardi » Leonardo comes late.
    3. Usciamo adesso » We're leaving now.
    4. Ci andiamo a giugno » We are going there in June.
    In English, adverbs are often formed by adding the suffix -ly to adjectives: slowly, softly, surely. Adverbs often
    answer the question: come? (how?), quando? (when?), or dove? (where?)

    In Italian, many adverbs are formed by adding the ending -mente (which corresponds to the suffix -ly) to the
    feminine form of the adjective:

    Adjective (masc.) Adjective (fem.) Adverb


    felice (happy) felice (happy) felicemente (happily)

    vero (true) vera (true) veramente (truly)

    lento (slow) lenta (slow) lentamente (slowly)

    stanco (tired) stanca (tired) stancamente (tiredly)

    Examples:

    1. Lui corre rapidamente » He runs fast


    2. Parlo lentamente » I speak slowly
    3. Parla Italiano fluentemente » He/She/It speaks Italian fluently
    If the adjective ends in -le or -re, the final vowel e is dropped before adding the suffix -mente:

    Adjective (m. or f.) Adjectival root Adverb

    esemplare(exemplary) esemplari- esemplarmente(exemplarily)

    gentile (kind) gentil- gentilmente(kindly)

    speciale(special) special- specialmente(especially)

    generale (general) general- generalmente(generally)

    regolare (regular) regolar- regolarmente(regularly)

    Not all Italian adverbs are formed from adjectives. Below we have a list of those adverbs.

    ITALIAN ENGLISH ITALIAN ENGLISH

    ancora still già already

    attorno around, about inoltre moreover

    bene well insieme together

    contro against male badly

    dentro in, inside (non)...mai never

    dietro behind of (non)...più not anymore

    dopo then, afterwards oltre beyond

    fuori outside sempre always

    Examples:

    1. Beve sempre la birra » He always drinks beer.


    2. Sono arrivato tardi al museo » I arrived late at the museum.
    3. Non ci sei più andata » You don't go there anymore.
    4. Enzo è sempre venuto in orario » Enzo always came on time.
    5. Non ho ancora finito i miei compiti » I still hadn't finished my homework.

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