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APPENDIX 1

TA B LE A 15
Properties of air at 1 atm pressure
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, °C ρ, kg/m3 cp, J/kg⋅K k, W/m⋅K α, m2/s μ, kg/m⋅s ν, m2/s Pr
− 150 2.866 983 0.01171 4.158 × 10−6 8.636 × 10−6 3.013 × 10−6 0.7246
− 100 2.038 966 0.01582 8.036 × 10−6 1.189 × 10−5 5.837 × 10−6 0.7263
− 50 1.582 999 0.01979 1.252 × 10−5 1.474 × 10−5 9.319 × 10−6 0.7440
− 40 1.514 1002 0.02057 1.356 × 10−5 1.527 × 10−5 1.008 × 10−5 0.7436
− 30 1.451 1004 0.02134 1.465 × 10−5 1.579 × 10−5 1.087 × 10−5 0.7425
− 20 1.394 1005 0.02211 1.578 × 10−5 1.630 × 10−5 1.169 × 10−5 0.7408
− 10 1.341 1006 0.02288 1.696 × 10−5 1.680 × 10−5 1.252 × 10−5 0.7387
0 1.292 1006 0.02364 1.818 × 10−5 1.729 × 10−5 1.338 × 10−5 0.7362
5 1.269 1006 0.02401 1.880 × 10−5 1.754 × 10−5 1.382 × 10−5 0.7350
10 1.246 1006 0.02439 1.944 × 10−5 1.778 × 10−5 1.426 × 10−5 0.7336
15 1.225 1007 0.02476 2.009 × 10−5 1.802 × 10−5 1.470 × 10−5 0.7323
20 1.204 1007 0.02514 2.074 × 10−5 1.825 × 10−5 1.516 × 10−5 0.7309
25 1.184 1007 0.02551 2.141 × 10−5 1.849 × 10−5 1.562 × 10−5 0.7296
30 1.164 1007 0.02588 2.208 × 10−5 1.872 × 10−5 1.608 × 10−5 0.7282
35 1.145 1007 0.02625 2.277 × 10−5 1.895 × 10−5 1.655 × 10−5 0.7268
40 1.127 1007 0.02662 2.346 × 10−5 1.918 × 10−5 1.702 × 10−5 0.7255
45 1.109 1007 0.02699 2.416 × 10−5 1.941 × 10−5 1.750 × 10−5 0.7241
50 1.092 1007 0.02735 2.487 × 10−5 1.963 × 10−5 1.798 × 10−5 0.7228
60 1.059 1007 0.02808 2.632 × 10−5 2.008 × 10−5 1.896 × 10−5 0.7202
70 1.028 1007 0.02881 2.780 × 10−5 2.052 × 10−5 1.995 × 10−5 0.7177
80 0.9994 1008 0.02953 2.931 × 10−5 2.096 × 10−5 2.097 × 10−5 0.7154
90 0.9718 1008 0.03024 3.086 × 10−5 2.139 × 10−5 2.201 × 10−5 0.7132
100 0.9458 1009 0.03095 3.243 × 10−5 2.181 × 10−5 2.306 × 10−5 0.7111
120 0.8977 1011 0.03235 3.565 × 10−5 2.264 × 10−5 2.522 × 10−5 0.7073
140 0.8542 1013 0.03374 3.898 × 10−5 2.345 × 10−5 2.745 × 10−5 0.7041
160 0.8148 1016 0.03511 4.241 × 10−5 2.420 × 10−5 2.975 × 10−5 0.7014
180 0.7788 1019 0.03646 4.593 × 10−5 2.504 × 10−5 3.212 × 10−5 0.6992
200 0.7459 1023 0.03779 4.954 × 10−5 2.577 × 10−5 3.455 × 10−5 0.6974
250 0.6746 1033 0.04104 5.890 × 10−5 2.760 × 10−5 4.091 × 10−5 0.6946
300 0.6158 1044 0.04418 6.871 × 10−5 2.934 × 10−5 4.765 × 10−5 0.6935
350 0.5664 1056 0.04721 7.892 × 10−5 3.101 × 10−5 5.475 × 10−5 0.6937
400 0.5243 1069 0.05015 8.951 × 10−5 3.261 × 10−5 6.219 × 10−5 0.6948
450 0.4880 1081 0.05298 1.004 × 10−4 3.415 × 10−5 6.997 × 10−5 0.6965
500 0.4565 1093 0.05572 1.117 × 10−4 3.563 × 10−5 7.806 × 10−5 0.6986
600 0.4042 1115 0.06093 1.352 × 10−4 3.846 × 10−5 9.515 × 10−5 0.7037
700 0.3627 1135 0.06581 1.598 × 10−4 4.111 × 10−5 1.133 × 10−4 0.7092
800 0.3289 1153 0.07037 1.855 × 10−4 4.362 × 10−5 1.326 × 10−4 0.7149
900 0.3008 1169 0.07465 2.122 × 10−4 4.600 × 10−5 1.529 × 10−4 0.7206
1000 0.2772 1184 0.07868 2.398 × 10−4 4.826 × 10−5 1.741 × 10−4 0.7260
1500 0.1990 1234 0.09599 3.908 × 10−4 5.817 × 10−5 2.922 × 10−4 0.7478
2000 0.1553 1264 0.11113 5.664 × 10−4 6.630 × 10−5 4.270 × 10−4 0.7539

Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp , k, μ, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties ρ, ν, and α at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are determined by
multiplying the values of P at the given temperature by ρ and by dividing ν and α by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 1984; and
Thermophysical Properties of Matter. Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian, S. C. Saxena, and
P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.

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APPENDIX 1

TA BLE A 16
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, °C ρ, kg/m3 cp, J/kg⋅K k, W/m⋅K α, m2/s μ, kg/m⋅s ν, m2/s Pr
Carbon Dioxide, CO2
− 50 2.4035 746 0.01051 5.860 × 10−6 1.129 × 10−5 4.699 × 10−6 0.8019
0 1.9635 811 0.01456 9.141 × 10−6 1.375 × 10−5 7.003 × 10−6 0.7661
50 1.6597 866.6 0.01858 1.291 × 10−5 1.612 × 10−5 9.714 × 10−6 0.7520
100 1.4373 914.8 0.02257 1.716 × 10−5 1.841 × 10−5 1.281 × 10−5 0.7464
150 1.2675 957.4 0.02652 2.186 × 10−5 2.063 × 10−5 1.627 × 10−5 0.7445
200 1.1336 995.2 0.03044 2.698 × 10−5 2.276 × 10−5 2.008 × 10−5 0.7442
300 0.9358 1060 0.03814 3.847 × 10−5 2.682 × 10−5 2.866 × 10−5 0.7450
400 0.7968 1112 0.04565 5.151 × 10−5 3.061 × 10−5 3.842 × 10−5 0.7458
500 0.6937 1156 0.05293 6.600 × 10−5 3.416 × 10−5 4.924 × 10−5 0.7460
1000 0.4213 1292 0.08491 1.560 × 10−4 4.898 × 10−5 1.162 × 10−4 0.7455
1500 0.3025 1356 0.10688 2.606 × 10−4 6.106 × 10−5 2.019 × 10−4 0.7745
2000 0.2359 1387 0.11522 3.521 × 10−4 7.322 × 10−5 3.103 × 10−4 0.8815
Carbon Monoxide, CO
− 50 1.5297 1081 0.01901 1.149 × 10−5 1.378 × 10−5 9.012 × 10−6 0.7840
0 1.2497 1048 0.02278 1.739 × 10−5 1.629 × 10−5 1.303 × 10−5 0.7499
50 1.0563 1039 0.02641 2.407 × 10−5 1.863 × 10−5 1.764 × 10−5 0.7328
100 0.9148 1041 0.02992 3.142 × 10−5 2.080 × 10−5 2.274 × 10−5 0.7239
150 0.8067 1049 0.03330 3.936 × 10−5 2.283 × 10−5 2.830 × 10−5 0.7191
200 0.7214 1060 0.03656 4.782 × 10−5 2.472 × 10−5 3.426 × 10−5 0.7164
300 0.5956 1085 0.04277 6.619 × 10−5 2.812 × 10−5 4.722 × 10−5 0.7134
400 0.5071 1111 0.04860 8.628 × 10−5 3.111 × 10−5 6.136 × 10−5 0.7111
500 0.4415 1135 0.05412 1.079 × 10−4 3.379 × 10−5 7.653 × 10−5 0.7087
1000 0.2681 1226 0.07894 2.401 × 10−4 4.557 × 10−5 1.700 × 10−4 0.7080
1500 0.1925 1279 0.10458 4.246 × 10−4 6.321 × 10−5 3.284 × 10−4 0.7733
2000 0.1502 1309 0.13833 7.034 × 10−4 9.826 × 10−5 6.543 × 10−4 0.9302
Methane, CH4
− 50 0.8761 2243 0.02367 1.204 × 10−5 8.564 × 10−6 9.774 × 10−6 0.8116
0 0.7158 2217 0.03042 1.917 × 10−5 1.028 × 10−5 1.436 × 10−5 0.7494
50 0.6050 2302 0.03766 2.704 × 10−5 1.191 × 10−5 1.969 × 10−5 0.7282
100 0.5240 2443 0.04534 3.543 × 10−5 1.345 × 10−5 2.567 × 10−5 0.7247
150 0.4620 2611 0.05344 4.431 × 10−5 1.491 × 10−5 3.227 × 10−5 0.7284
200 0.4132 2791 0.06194 5.370 × 10−5 1.630 × 10−5 3.944 × 10−5 0.7344
300 0.3411 3158 0.07996 7.422 × 10−5 1.886 × 10−5 5.529 × 10−5 0.7450
400 0.2904 3510 0.09918 9.727 × 10−5 2.119 × 10−5 7.297 × 10−5 0.7501
500 0.2529 3836 0.11933 1.230 × 10−4 2.334 × 10−5 9.228 × 10−5 0.7502
1000 0.1536 5042 0.22562 2.914 × 10−4 3.281 × 10−5 2.136 × 10−4 0.7331
1500 0.1103 5701 0.31857 5.068 × 10−4 4.434 × 10−5 4.022 × 10−4 0.7936
2000 0.0860 6001 0.36750 7.120 × 10−4 6.360 × 10−5 7.395 × 10−4 1.0386
Hydrogen, H2
− 50 0.11010 12635 0.1404 1.009 × 10−4 7.293 × 10−6 6.624 × 10−5 0.6562
0 0.08995 13920 0.1652 1.319 × 10−4 8.391 × 10−6 9.329 × 10−5 0.7071
50 0.07603 14349 0.1881 1.724 × 10−4 9.427 × 10−6 1.240 × 10−4 0.7191
100 0.06584 14473 0.2095 2.199 × 10−4 1.041 × 10−5 1.582 × 10−4 0.7196
150 0.05806 14492 0.2296 2.729 × 10−4 1.136 × 10−5 1.957 × 10−4 0.7174
200 0.05193 14482 0.2486 3.306 × 10−4 1.228 × 10−5 2.365 × 10−4 0.7155

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APPENDIX 1

TA BLE A 16
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure (Concluded )
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, °C ρ, kg/m3 cp, J/kg⋅K k, W/m⋅K α, m2/s μ, kg/m⋅s ν, m2/s Pr
300 0.04287 14481 0.2843 4.580 × 10−4 1.403 × 10−5 3.274 × 10−4 0.7149
400 0.03650 14540 0.3180 5.992 × 10−4 1.570 × 10−5 4.302 × 10−4 0.7179
500 0.03178 14653 0.3509 7.535 × 10−4 1.730 × 10−5 5.443 × 10−4 0.7224
1000 0.01930 15577 0.5206 1.732 × 10−3 2.455 × 10−5 1.272 × 10−3 0.7345
1500 0.01386 16553 0.6581 2.869 × 10−3 3.099 × 10−5 2.237 × 10−3 0.7795
2000 0.01081 17400 0.5480 2.914 × 10−3 3.690 × 10−5 3.414 × 10−3 1.1717
Nitrogen, N2
− 50 1.5299 957.3 0.02001 1.366 × 10−5 1.390 × 10−5 9.091 × 10−6 0.6655
0 1.2498 1035 0.02384 1.843 × 10−5 1.640 × 10−5 1.312 × 10−5 0.7121
50 1.0564 1042 0.02746 2.494 × 10−5 1.874 × 10−5 1.774 × 10−5 0.7114
100 0.9149 1041 0.03090 3.244 × 10−5 2.094 × 10−5 2.289 × 10−5 0.7056
150 0.8068 1043 0.03416 4.058 × 10−5 2.300 × 10−5 2.851 × 10−5 0.7025
200 0.7215 1050 0.03727 4.921 × 10−5 2.494 × 10−5 3.457 × 10−5 0.7025
300 0.5956 1070 0.04309 6.758 × 10−5 2.849 × 10−5 4.783 × 10−5 0.7078
400 0.5072 1095 0.04848 8.727 × 10−5 3.166 × 10−5 6.242 × 10−5 0.7153
500 0.4416 1120 0.05358 1.083 × 10−4 3.451 × 10−5 7.816 × 10−5 0.7215
1000 0.2681 1213 0.07938 2.440 × 10−4 4.594 × 10−5 1.713 × 10−4 0.7022
1500 0.1925 1266 0.11793 4.839 × 10−4 5.562 × 10−5 2.889 × 10−4 0.5969
2000 0.1502 1297 0.18590 9.543 × 10−4 6.426 × 10−5 4.278 × 10−4 0.4483
Oxygen, O2
− 50 1.7475 984.4 0.02067 1.201 × 10−5 1.616 × 10−5 9.246 × 10−6 0.7694
0 1.4277 928.7 0.02472 1.865 × 10−5 1.916 × 10−5 1.342 × 10−5 0.7198
50 1.2068 921.7 0.02867 2.577 × 10−5 2.194 × 10−5 1.818 × 10−5 0.7053
100 1.0451 931.8 0.03254 3.342 × 10−5 2.451 × 10−5 2.346 × 10−5 0.7019
150 0.9216 947.6 0.03637 4.164 × 10−5 2.694 × 10−5 2.923 × 10−5 0.7019
200 0.8242 964.7 0.04014 5.048 × 10−5 2.923 × 10−5 3.546 × 10−5 0.7025
300 0.6804 997.1 0.04751 7.003 × 10−5 3.350 × 10−5 4.923 × 10−5 0.7030
400 0.5793 1025 0.05463 9.204 × 10−5 3.744 × 10−5 6.463 × 10−5 0.7023
500 0.5044 1048 0.06148 1.163 × 10−4 4.114 × 10−5 8.156 × 10−5 0.7010
1000 0.3063 1121 0.09198 2.678 × 10−4 5.732 × 10−5 1.871 × 10−4 0.6986
1500 0.2199 1165 0.11901 4.643 × 10−4 7.133 × 10−5 3.243 × 10−4 0.6985
2000 0.1716 1201 0.14705 7.139 × 10−4 8.417 × 10−5 4.907 × 10−4 0.6873
Water Vapor, H2O
− 50 0.9839 1892 0.01353 7.271 × 10−6 7.187 × 10−6 7.305 × 10−6 1.0047
0 0.8038 1874 0.01673 1.110 × 10−5 8.956 × 10−6 1.114 × 10−5 1.0033
50 0.6794 1874 0.02032 1.596 × 10−5 1.078 × 10−5 1.587 × 10−5 0.9944
100 0.5884 1887 0.02429 2.187 × 10−5 1.265 × 10−5 2.150 × 10−5 0.9830
150 0.5189 1908 0.02861 2.890 × 10−5 1.456 × 10−5 2.806 × 10−5 0.9712
200 0.4640 1935 0.03326 3.705 × 10−5 1.650 × 10−5 3.556 × 10−5 0.9599
300 0.3831 1997 0.04345 5.680 × 10−5 2.045 × 10−5 5.340 × 10−5 0.9401
400 0.3262 2066 0.05467 8.114 × 10−5 2.446 × 10−5 7.498 × 10−5 0.9240
500 0.2840 2137 0.06677 1.100 × 10−4 2.847 × 10−5 1.002 × 10−4 0.9108
1000 0.1725 2471 0.13623 3.196 × 10−4 4.762 × 10−5 2.761 × 10−4 0.8639
1500 0.1238 2736 0.21301 6.288 × 10−4 6.411 × 10−5 5.177 × 10−4 0.8233
2000 0.0966 2928 0.29183 1.032 × 10−3 7.808 × 10−5 8.084 × 10−4 0.7833

Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, μ, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties ρ, ν, and α at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are determined by
multiplying the values of P at the given temperature by ρ and by dividing ν and α by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.

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