CLJ 3

Criston Dante S.
Gultiano Date: 11/09/24
Block 3N
Dekada '70 is a Filipino film directed by Chito S. Roño, based on the novel of the same title by Lualhati
Bautista. Set during the turbulent 1970s in the Philippines, it follows the Bartolome family as they
navigate the oppressive political climate of the Marcos dictatorship and the impact of Martial Law on
their lives. Amanda Bartolome, the mother, grapples with her role in a patriarchal society, her sons’
involvement in anti-government activities, and her struggle for personal freedom and identity amid the
political repression.
1. Human Rights Violations During Those Days
The 1970s in the Philippines, particularly under Martial Law (declared in 1972), saw widespread human
rights abuses, including:
Arbitrary Detention and Imprisonment: Political dissenters, journalists, and activists were arrested
without warrants and detained indefinitely without due process.
Torture and Abuse: Many detainees experienced physical and psychological torture as a means of
coercion.
Suppression of Freedom of Speech and Press: The government censored media outlets, banned
publications, and closed down news agencies that criticized the Marcos regime.
Disappearances and Extrajudicial Killings: There were numerous cases of forced disappearances and
assassinations of government critics.
Suppression of Assembly and Organization: Gatherings or protests were banned, with police or military
breaking up rallies and arresting participants.
2. Individual Rights During Those Days
During Martial Law, individual rights were severely restricted, and only a limited set of freedoms were
nominally retained:
Right to Life and Physical Security: This was undermined by arbitrary detentions and violence against
political activists.
Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression: Severely curtailed, with only pro-government sentiments
tolerated publicly.
Right to Due Process: Suspension of habeas corpus allowed authorities to detain people indefinitely.
Right to Peaceful Assembly: Public gatherings, protests, and union strikes were prohibited.
Freedom of the Press: Media were heavily censored; only state-approved news could be broadcast.
3. Political Situation in That Era
The 1970s were marked by a climate of fear and authoritarian control under President Ferdinand
Marcos, who declared Martial Law in 1972, citing threats from communist insurgents and Muslim
separatists. However, many believe it was a move to extend his power beyond the legal limits of the
presidency. Martial Law allowed Marcos to dissolve Congress, control the judiciary, and place military
leaders in government positions. Political opposition was stifled, with many opposition figures arrested,
killed, or forced into exile. This period became infamous for corruption, power abuse, and the
concentration of wealth and power within the Marcos family and their close allies.
4. Comparison of Human Rights in the Late 70s and Today
Freedom of Speech and Press: Today, Filipinos have greater freedom of speech and press than during
Martial Law. However, challenges such as misinformation, online harassment, and intimidation of
journalists persist.
Right to Assemble and Protest: Public assembly is generally allowed today, though there can be police
crackdowns on rallies and protests, especially those critical of the government.
Right to Due Process: Judicial processes are more robust today, though issues of prolonged detention
without trial still occur.
Government Transparency and Accountability: Marcos' dictatorship restricted public oversight, while
today’s democratic government is more open to scrutiny, though issues of corruption and abuse of
power still remain.
Dekada '70 highlights both the personal and political struggles Filipinos faced during this era, illustrating
the brutal cost of authoritarian rule on individual freedoms and family life. The film and the novel
remain powerful reminders of the impact of Martial Law on Filipino society and the importance of
protecting human rights.

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Criston Dante S.

Gultiano Date: 11/09/24

1. Human Rights Violations During Those Days

2. Individual Rights During Those Days

3. Political Situation in That Era

4. Comparison of Human Rights in the Late 70s and Today

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