Vegan Leather Details Jan 2024

National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
(CSIR-NIIST)
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – 695 019
The market value of the global leather industry in 2021 was USD 407.92 billion and is expected
to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.9% from 2021 to 2028. However, this
industry suffers from a number of sustainability issues, like greenhouse gas emissions, energy-
and resource-intensive operations, and immense waste production. Synthetic or Faux leather is
a material designed to resemble natural leather with a comparable appearance and finish. The
synthetic material consists of natural and/or synthetic fibres, coated with a plastic polymer or
similar. Synthetic material is usually made from polyurethane (PU), polyvinylchloride (PVC) or
textile-polymer composite micro fibres. So, even though they might avoid the carbon footprint and
animal welfare issues of raising cattle, they aren’t exactly environmentally friendly.
Vegan leather, made from plant-based materials instead of plastic-based synthetic leather, is thus
becoming a major trend capturing the space. In this regard, CSIR-NIIST has developed a viable
cost-effective technology to produce vegan leather from agro by-products such as rice straw,
wheat straw, cactus, mango peels, banana stem, pineapple leaf, vetiver grass. These agro-
waste-based vegan leathers have potential use in the footwear industry, textile industry, fashion
& design industry, handicraft industry etc. By promoting the use of vegan leather, we can reduce
the environmental impact of the leather industry and create a more sustainable and ethical fashion
industry. Hence, the development of a leather-like material from these agro-wastes provides
immense opportunities
The potential market in various day-to-day applications in the fashion and footwear industries.
 Clothing: jackets, coats, pants  Automotive industry: Car interiors, covers

for seats, steering wheel, and gear shift etc
 Footwear: shoes, boots, sandals  Sporting goods: balls, gloves, and
protective gear
 Furniture: sofas, chairs, and ottomans  Luggage: suitcases, travel bags and
backpacks
 Accessories: belts, wallets, purses,  Bookbinding: binding of high-end books,
handbags, and gloves journals and diaries
Knowhow is available for the following raw materials
 Rice straw  Banana waste (pseudo stem)
 Wheat straw  Water hyacinth
 Sugar cane waste (Bagasse)  Industry waste (fruits and vegetable peels)
 Apple waste (peels)  Ragi straw
 Pineapple waste (leaf, peels)  Vetiver grass
 Cactus  Banana waste (pseudo stem)
 Mango waste  Water hyacinth
 Environmental protection and animal cruelty-free

 Reduce plastic pollution
 Waste utilisation
 Additional income for farmers
 Rural & Women empowerment
 This technology is highly relevant to the “Atmanirbhar Bharat’’, “Make in India”, “Innovate in
India”, “Swatch Bharat Mission”
 This Technology initiative aligns with our honourable PM’s mission of “doubling the farmer’s
income by 2022”.
 Less number of unit operations

 Easy set-up of the production unit
 Minimum Production cost
 Eco-friendly production with less effluents
1. Batch Process
Capital investment Cost

Land requirement – around 3500-4000 sq. ft Based on area and demand
Machinery (for 500kg to 1-ton capacity ) Rs. 80-100 lakhs
Recurring Expenditure for 500 kg raw material
Raw Material Rs. 5,000-7,000
Binders Rs. 75,000-80,000
Textile binder Rs. 10,000
Manpower Rs. 1,000-1,500
Electricity charges Rs. 800-1,000
Other expenses Rs. 200-400
Transportation Rs. 250-350
Depreciation [ @ 10 % and 300 Working days in a year] Rs. 2000/-
Sheets (1mx1m) produced 1000
Cost per sheet Rs 100
2. Continues Process
Capital investment Cost

Land requirement – around 3500-4000 sq. ft Based on area and demand
Machinery (for 500kg to 1-ton capacity ) Rs. 120.00 Lakhs (both Batch &
continues process)
Recurring Expenditure for 500 kg raw material
Raw Material Rs. 5,000-7,000
Binders Rs. 2,00,000
Textile binder Rs. 30,000
Manpower Rs. 1,000-1,500
Electricity charges Rs. 800-1,000
Other expenses Rs. 200-400
Transportation Rs. 250-350
Depreciation [ @ 10 % and 300 Working days in a year] Rs. 2000/-
Sheets (1mx1m) produced 3000
Cost per sheet Rs 80
Conditions applicable: The costing is dependents upon the selected raw materials & binders, type of Process and product
type.
 The Daily Production can be 2500 to 3000 sheets in Batch Processing and 4000 mtrs in
Continuous process
Director
CSIR –National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.
email: [email protected], [email protected]
Phone: 0471-2515226 / 2515293
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` Various plant leather-based products made from agri biomass
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National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology

 Clothing: jackets, coats, pants  Automotive industry: Car interiors, covers

 Environmental protection and animal cruelty-free

 Less number of unit operations

Capital investment Cost

Capital investment Cost

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