Name: Reyje Belle S.

Maghanoy Course and Year: BSMEDTECH-1

Instructor s Name: Date: June 22, 2011

Define Zoology Zoology is the study of animal life. It covers areas ranging from the structure of organisms to the subcellular unit of life. Some zoologists are interested in the biology of particular groups of animals. Others are concerned with the structure and function of animal bodies. Still others study how new animals are formed and how their characteristics are passed on from one generation to another. Zoologists study the interactions of animals with one another and their environments, and the significance of the behavior of animals.

Enumerate and Define the Branches of Biology Botany is the branch of biology that deals with plants. It involves the study of the structure, properties, and biochemical processes of all forms of plant life, including trees. Zoology is the branch of biology concerned with the members of the animal kingdom and with animal life in general. Genetics is the study of heredity in general and of genes in particular. Microbiology is the study of micro-organisms, a diverse group of simple life forms that include protozoan, algae, molds, bacteria and viruses. Anatomy is field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the body structures of living things. Ornithology is branch of zoology dealing with the study of birds. Ichthyology is the scientific study of fishes including, as is usual with a science that is concerned with a large group of organisms, a number of specialized sub-disciplines. Because of the great importance of fishes as human food, economic ichthyology is a significant segment of the field. Mycology is the study of fungi, a group that includes the mushrooms and yeasts. Many fungi are useful in medicine and industry. Herpetology is the scientific study of amphibians and reptiles. Like most other fields of vertebrate biology, herpetology is composed of a number of cross-disciplines. Most students of herpetology are narrow in their interests, working on only one order or suborder e.g, frogs, salamanders, snakes, lizards. Entomology is the branch of zoology dealing with the scientific study of insects.

Enumerate the Characteristics of Life Living Things are Composed of Cells: - Single-cell organisms have everything they need to be self-sufficient. - In multicellular organisms, specialization increases until some cells do only certain things.

Living Things Have Different Levels of Organization: - Both molecular and cellular organization. - Living things must be able to organize simple substances into complex ones. - Living things organize cells at several levels: Tissue - a group of cells that perform a common function. Organ - a group of tissues that perform a common function. Organ system - a group of organs that perform a common function. Organism - any complete living thing.

Living Things Use Energy: - Living things take in energy and use it for maintenance and growth. Living Things Respond To Their Environment: - Living things will make changes in response to a stimulus in their environment. - A behavior is a complex set of responses. Living Things Grow: - Cell division - the orderly formation of new cells. Cell enlargement - the increase in size of a cell. Cells grow to a certain size and then divide. - An organism gets larger as the number of its cells increases. Living Things Reproduce: - Reproduction is not essential for the survival of individual organisms, but must occur for a species to survive. - All living things reproduce in one of the following ways: y Asexual repoduction - Producing offspring without the use of gametes. y Sexual reproduction - Producing offspring by the joining of sex cells. 7. Living Things Adapt To Their Environment: Adaptations are traits giving an organism an advantage in a certain environment. Variation of individuals is important for a healthy species.

Compare the Difference of Kingdom of Organisms

5 Kingdoms of Living Things In the past, all living things comprised of two categories, namely, the plants and animals. Organisms that remained stationary were categorized under plants. On the contrary, animals encompassed all living things that had the ability to move. In due course of time, scientists discovered more living organisms that could neither be included in plants nor animals. This was how the Linnaean system of taxonomic classification originated. Let's discuss in brief each of the five kingdoms of living things. Kingdom Monera Living things included in the kingdom Monera are minute and single-celled prokaryotes (organisms that lack membrane-bound nuclei). Members of this kingdom are bacteria, cyanobacteria or blue-green algae (BGA) and spirochetes. Some members of the same organism join together to form chains. Cyanobacteria is a type of organism, which is intermediate between algae (it possesses chlorophyll) and bacteria (it is a prokaryote). Their mode of nutrition is by absorbing food through the cell wall. Kingdom Protozoa Protozoa includes single-celled eukaryotic organisms, which contain membrane-bound cell organelles. It includes organisms that are neither plants nor animals. In simpler terms, the living things classified under Protista are unusual and diverse forms, which cannot be grouped in any of the four remaining kingdoms. For example, the simplest organisms on Earth, amoeba (a protozoan) and giant sea kelp (an algae) belong to this kingdom. The members of Protista obtain nutrition by absorption, ingestion and photosynthesis. Kingdom Fungi Fungi are group of multicellular, eukaryotic, non-motile organisms that form hyphae and mycelium. Members belonging to this kingdom lack chlorophyll, hence they are differentiated from plants. The type of organisms classified under Fungi include molds, yeasts, mildews, smuts and mushrooms. Their size may range from small microscopic yeasts to large mushrooms. Fungi derive their nutrients by absorption from dead and decaying organic materials. Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Plantae encompasses multicellular, eukaryotic, non-motile living things. The type of organisms included in this kingdom are algae, mosses, ferns, flowering and non-flowering plants. These organisms contain the photosynthetic pigment, called chlorophyll. Hence, they synthesize their own food by means of photosynthesis, which takes place in the presence of carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. Kingdom Animalia Animalia are group of multicellular, eukaryotic and motile living things. Members belonging to Animalia are insects, worms, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals. They cannot synthesize food and their mode of nutrition is by ingesting food. They can feed either on plants or other living things. It is to be noted that viruses and other non-cellular entities are not included in the classification of living things. In recent times, scientists have further divided the kingdom Monera into Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. The former refers to true bacteria, whereas the latter encompasses bacteria-like organisms that are adapted to extreme environmental conditions like hot springs and volcanic vents.