FORMAT OF COVER PAGE (Hard Bound)

TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT

by

Names of Students (Roll No)

Department of .................................

Name of Institute

Address of Institute

Month, Year

(Example of Title Page)

 TITLE OF THE PROJECT

by

Full Name (Roll No.)

Submitted to the Department of <Department's Name>

in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

in

<Discipline>

<Institute's Logo>

<Institute Name>

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. Technical University

<Month, Year>
 (Example)

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

DECLARATION ................................................................................................... ii
CERTIFICATE ..................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................. vii
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................ viii
LIST OF SYMBOLS .............................................................................................. ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................ x
CHAPTER 1 (INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM,
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM etc.).............................................................. 1
1.1. ................................................................................................................. 5
1.2. ................................................................................................................. 8
CHAPTER 2 (OTHER MAIN HEADING) ......................................................... 13
3.1. .................................................................................................................. 15
3.2. .................................................................................................................. 17
3.2.1. ......................................................................................................... 19
3.2.2. ......................................................................................................... 20
3.2.2.1. ................................................................................................ 21
3.2.2.2. .......................................................................................... 22
3.3. ................................................................................................................. 23
CHAPTER 4 (OTHER MAIN HEADING) ......................................................... 30
4.1. ................................................................................................................ 36
4.2. ................................................................................................................ 39
CHAPTER 5 (CONCLUSIONS) ......................................................................... 40
APPENDIX A ......................................................................................................... 45
APPENDIX B ......................................................................................................... 47
REFERENCES... .................................................................................................... 49
 (Example of Certificate)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “…………………….....................................

................................................................” which is submitted by …………………………....
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B. Tech. in Department of
...................................................... of U. P. Technical University, is a record of the candidate
own work carried out by him under my/our supervision. The matter embodied in this thesis is
original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Date: Supervisor
 (Example of Declaration)

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge
and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor
material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or
diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due
acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Signature

Name

Roll No.

Date
 (Example of Acknowledgement)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project undertaken during B.
Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Professor Anshuman Singh, Department of
Computer Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Lucknow for his constant support and
guidance throughout the course of our work. His sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been
a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen
light of the day.

We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Professor M. S. Dhoni, Head,
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Lucknow for his full
support and assistance during the development of the project.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty members of
the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our project. Last
but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the completion of the project.

Signature:

Name :

Roll No.:

Date :

Signature:

Name :

Roll No.:

Date :
 (Example of Abstract)

ABSTRACT
The abstract is to be in fully-justified italicized text, at the top of the left-hand column as it is here, below the
author information. Use the word “Abstract” as the title, in 12-point Times, boldface type, centered relative to
the column, initially capitalized. The abstract is to be in 10-point, single-spaced type, and may be up to 3 in.
(7.62 cm) long. Leave two blank lines after the abstract, then begin the main text. All manuscripts must be in
English.

An Abstract is required for every paper; it should succinctly summarize the reason for the work, the main
findings, and the conclusions of the study. The abstract should be no longer than 250 words. Do not include
artwork, tables, elaborate equations or references to other parts of the paper or to the reference listing at the
end. The reason is that the Abstract should be understandable in itself to be suitable for storage in textual
information retrieval systems.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
 (Example)

LIST OF SYMBOLS

[x] Integer value of x.

≠ Not Equal

 Belongs to

€ Euro- A Currency

_ Optical distance

_o Optical thickness or optical half thickness

 (Example)

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AAM Active Appearance Model

ICA Independent Component Analysis

ISC Increment Sign Correlation

PCA Principal Component Analysis

ROC Receiver Operating Characteristics

 (Example of References using the Numeric System)

REFERNCES
Examples of Journal Article referencing:

1. Drucker, D. C., "Photoelastic Separation of Principal Stresses by Oblique Incidence",

Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 65, pp. 156-160, 1943.

2. Maiers, J., and Sherif, Y. S. , "Application of Fuzzy Set Theory," IEEE Transactions on
Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-15, No.1, pp. 41-48, 1985.

Example of Book referencing:

3. Doe, N., Control System Principles, New York: John Wiley, 1999.

Example of Referencing of an Article in a Book:

4. Hwang, C. J., "Rule-based Process Control," in E. Kumarmangalam and L. A. Zadeh

(Eds.), Approximate Reasoning in Intelligent Systems, Decision and Control, pp.
145-158, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987.

Example of referencing of a B. Tech. Report:

5. Nayak, T., "Application of Neural Networks to Nuclear Reactors," M.Sc. Report, U.P.
Technical University, 2005.

Example of referencing of a Ph. D. Dissertation:

6. Muskìn, H. L., "Development of A Knowledge-Based System for a Nuclear Power

Plant," Ph.D. Dissertation, U. P. Technical University, 2003.

Example of referencing of a Conference Paper :

7. Lokhande, R., Arya, K. V., and Gupta, P., "Identification of Parameters and Restoration
of Motion Blurred Images", Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Symposium on Applied
Computing (SAC 2006), pp. 89-95, Dijon, France, April 2- 7, 2006.

Example of referencing of a Paper presented at Conference but not Published :

8. Lokhande, R., and Gupta, P., "Identification of Parameters of Motion Images", presented
at 5th International Conference on Cyber Systems, New Delhi, India, April 12- 17, 2004

Example of referencing of a Report [Technical, Internal, or Memoranda]: :

9. Das, A. R., Murthy D., and Badrinath J., A Comparison of Different Biometrics Traits,
RSRE Memorandum No. 4157, RSRE Malvern, 2001.

Example of referencing of a Manual

10. Bell Telephone Laboratories Technical Staff, Transmission System for Communications,
Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1995.

Example of referencing of a Class Note

11. "Signal integrity and interconnects for high-speed applications," class notes for ECE
497- JS, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at
Urbana- Champaign, Winter 1997.

Example of referencing of a Private Communication

12. Banerjee, T., (Private Communication), 1998

Example of referencing of an Article from Internet

13. Biometrics Group, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, "Multimodal Biometrics

System," December 2006, http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/biometrics.html

14. Gupta, P. ([email protected]), "Biometrics System," Usenet post to sci.electronics.design,

July 4, 2007.

Example of referencing of an Article from Catalog

15. Catalog No. MWM-1, Microwave Components, M. W. Microwave Corp., Brooklyn, NY

Example of referencing of an Article from Application Note

16. Hewlett-Packard, Appl. Note 935, pp. 25-29.

Example of referencing of an Article from Application Note

17. Kar, K. and Majumder, D., "Fuzzy Controller Component," U. S. Patent 23,160,040,
December 21, 2006.
 APPENDIX

FORMAT OF CD CONTAINING COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Each software developed by the Project's Group should be burnt in a CD with proper
documentation. The CD should contain files containing the source code, one or more sample
input and corresponding output separately. Other than these there must be another file named
"READ.ME". In this ASCII text file, the following sections must be appear.

Author's Identity. A file should contain the name of each project group member along with
the Supervisor's name.

Files in the CD. In this section, the names of the files together with their contents must be
listed.

Hardware Requirements. In this section, we should note down the hardware requirements
along with any special type of equipments/ components such as graphics card, numeric
coprocessor, mouse, RAM capacity etc. needed to run the software.

Software Requirements. In this section, the operating system, the compiler, linker, and the
libraries etc. necessary to compile and link the software must be listed. There is a need to
obtain the necessary license from the copyright owner before one incorporates the
copyrighted material file in CD.

PROJECT EVALUATION
In order to monitor the overall functioning of the activities related to the B. Tech projects and
to have academic bridge among the various groups, it is proposed to create three level of
committees- one at the UPTU level, henceforth termed as University Project Cell (UPC), one
at each Institute, henceforth termed as Institute Project Cell (IPC), and one at each
department of the Institute which is termed as Department Evaluation Committee (DEC).

IPC of an Institute will comprise the Director of the institute or his nominee as the Convener
and all the heads of the department. Director will inform the university the members of the
IPC by December of each year.

DEC will comprise the Head of the Department as the Convener along with two senior
faculty members of the department and a faculty member from other department nominated
by the IPC. The Head will form the cell by the middle of the odd semester and will inform the
Director of the Institute accordingly. Task of nomination of the faculty member from other
department has to be completed by the end of Summer Vacation of the Institute.

Roles of these committees are given below:

A) University Project Cell (UPC) :

 Project Evaluator List : The university level project evaluation cell is responsible
to take out external project evaluators list. This list should comprise of faculty
members teaching in reputed technical institutes and having more than 5 years of
teaching experience.
 Like the academic calendar, a separate calendar for project evaluation will be
given in advance by the Project Cell.
 The project evaluation will be carried within 0ne week after the final year theory
examination.
 The Project Cell will be responsible for conducting training programs for all the
university's faculty members of various institutes.
 The main aim of these training programs (which will be conducted by some
experienced faculty member preferably from some IITs) will be to make the
faculty members aware of the new and emerging trends in research as well as in
industry.
 The list of all the projects conducted in the last 3 years by all the institutes
department wise will be maintained and updated by the Project Cell.
 The Project Cell is also responsible for random re-evaluation/ scrutiny of the
projects.

B) Institute Project Cell (IPC):

  The main aim of this cell is to supervise all the projects carried out in the various
departments and make sure that only good quality projects are undertaken by the
students.
 This cell should also ensure that the institute is equipped with high quality library
so that the students have an access to various good journals and reference books
required for their project purpose.
 Any problems pertaining to project allotment, project conduction, project group
allotment etc will be resolved by this cell if it cannot be resolved by the
Department Evaluation Committee.

C) Department Evaluation Committee (DEC):

 This committee will be responsible for evaluating the timely progress of the
projects and communicating the progress report to the students.
 At the end of third year second semester (VI semester) the Department Evaluation
Committee should float the list of projects to be offered by department along with
the concerned supervisor's name.
 In case it is observed by the DEC that any group of students is not performing
well, this committee should take special care to improve their performance by
means of counseling them.

Each project activity must be supervised by the faculty members of the Institute. These
faculty members are termed as Supervisors. There can be at most two supervisors for a B.
Tech Project; out of which at least one has to be from the Department and other can be from
outside the Department/ Institute. However, in order to select a supervisor from outside the
Institute, the Department has to take the prior permission from the University.

It is the responsibility of the Department to provide the Supervisor(s) for each B. Tech
Project. Supervisors may be assigned to each project group either by the choice of student
groups or by faculty expertise. A faculty member of the department can supervise B. Tech
projects only if he/ she is having at least 2 years teaching experience in an engineering
college. However, a faculty member not having sufficient teaching experience can be a co-
supervisor. An eligible faculty member can supervise at most 3 B. Tech projects in an
academic year. However, as a special case the Director of the institute can permit a faculty
member to supervise at most 5 such projects. In case the Department finds it difficult to get
the desired number of supervisors then it can hire part time supervisor from other
departments/ institutes/ industries. Role of Supervisor is given below:

 By the middle of third year second semester (VI semester) the supervisor should
send the detailed information about the projects to be offered by him/ her to the
Department Evaluation Committee.
 The supervisor must monitor the progress being carried out by the project groups
on regular basis. In case it is found that progress is unsatisfactory it should be
reported to the Department Evaluation Committee for necessary action.
  It is expected that the supervisor looks into the project report for desired format
before the final submission.

Each B. Tech Project has to be carried by a group of students of that Institute. In order to
ensure participation of each student, the group size should be preferably at least 2 but not
more than 4 students. Formation of project groups should be done such that each group has
representation of students with varying academic merit from best to average. In view of this
following practice may be followed :

o Decide total number of feasible groups. Any left out student(s) should be
randomly attached to any group.
o Enlist the students in the order of their previous year merit
o Depending upon number of groups to be formed identify the group members
in order of merit.

For example; If in a class of 31 students 10 groups are to be formed with at most four
students in each group. First prepare the list of students in order of their merit.
Assign group leaders for each group such that he/she is out of the top 10 students and
other members of the group may be decided by the group leaders in consultation with
Project Coordinator. Any left out student(s) may be assigned to any group.

In case the project is on multi-disciplinary nature, the Project group can be formed consisting
of the students from other Departments. But there must be at least one student from the
Department who is offering the Project.

Evaluation Procedure :

To ensure proper conduction of each project, progress of each project should be monitored on
continuous basis first by the supervisor and than by the Department Evaluation Committee. In
order to do so, it is planned to hold 4 presentations to be made by each project group in each
semester. In Semester VII, the first presentation will be purely synopsis presentation, which
will be taken by the Department Evaluation Committee (DEC) in the second week after the
institute opens after vacation. The project is assumed to be already selected by the students.
In this presentation they are required to show a brief power point presentation describing the
main Aim/ Objective of the project, the methodology to be used, the pert chart and the
references in not more than 10-15 slides. This presentation shall be made before the
respective project supervisor first and on his approval it should be made before the
Department Evaluation Committee. The project is considered to be approved only if it is
passed in this presentation. If the presentation is not up to the mark either the Committee will
ask the students along with their supervisor to modify the project slightly within a week and
present again or change the project (in case the committee finds the project not of sufficient
standard or not feasible). The list of all the finalized projects should be send to the Institute
Project Cell. The DEC should meet the Institute Project Cell within a week after the first
presentation is made to discuss the quality of the projects taken by students and any changes
required should be communicated to the supervisors and there after the students immediately.

The second presentation of this semester will be planned by the DEC after about one month
from the first presentation. This presentation will review the progress of the students. Each
group will first show their progress to their respective supervisors first and get the brief
project report signed from them and present the same before the DEC. The groups are also
required to make a power point presentation (not more than 10-15 slides) and present before
the DEC. They are also required to clearly state the agenda for the next one month in their
presentation. In this presentation the DEC is supposed to mark each student/ group based on
their project content, presentation made, project progress, queries answered and attendance
out of 25 marks (the break up can be decided by DEC). The DEC shall finalize the marks
just after the presentation and these marks should be displayed along with the comments
within two days from the date of the presentation. The record of the same should be
circulated to all the concerned supervisors and one copy should be sent to the Institute Project
Cell.

After about one month from the date of the second presentation, DEC should plan for the
third presentation. It shall be made on the same way as the first presentation was conducted
and the groups should be evaluated in the same manner.

Final presentation at the end of seventh semester will be organized by the DEC according to
the date given in the project calendar (made initially by the University Project Cell). This
presentation will be taken by DEC, all supervisors and co-supervisors and a member from
Institute Project Cell should also be present in this presentation. The Committee will review
the progress of the students. Each group is required to make a project report showing the
complete six month progress of the project. This report should be brief (spiral bound) and
should mainly contain the detailed methodology/ algorithms adopted/ studied during the
entire semester and should clearly state the agenda for the next semester (by means of PERT
chart). This report should be signed by the supervisors and should be submitted to the DEC at
least two days before the final presentation. The groups are also required to make a power
point presentation (not more than 15-20 slides) and present before the final Committee. In
this presentation the DEC is supposed to mark each student/ group based on their project
content, presentation made, project progress, queries answered and attendance out of 50
marks (the break up can be decided by DEC).

In the next semester, DEC will announce dates of 4 presentations in the Departmental
Academic Calendar well in advance. First two presentations are to made to understand the
progress of the work. They shall be made on the same way as the second presentation
conducted in the Semester VII and the groups should be evaluated in the same manner.

Each project group has to prepare the project report and to submit it to the Department after
duly certified by the Supervisors at least 3 days before the final Internal presentation. This
report has to be prepared based on the format mentioned in Appendix A. Final Internal
presentation will be taken one week before the date of final external presentation which will
be given in the project calendar already by the Institute Project Cell. This presentation will be
made before the DEC, supervisors and co-supervisors should be present in this presentation.
All the sessional marks for Semester VIII will be mainly given in this presentation and the
marks given in the first two presentations should also be added to make the final score. The
final project report should be extensively checked and signed by the supervisors and also by
the DEC. The groups are also required to make a final power point presentation and present
before the final Committee. This presentation shall demonstrate the complete working
project. In this presentation the DEC is supposed to mark each student/ group based on their
project content, presentation made, project progress, queries answered and attendance out of
50 marks (the break up can be decided by DEC). The sessional marks of each student shall
be decided within two days from the date of final presentation by the DEC and the copy of
the same should be circulated to all supervisors and co-supervisors and to the Institute Project
Cell.

Final External Presentation will be made according to the date given in the project calendar.
The external examiner (who is some senior faculty member) will evaluate not more than 20
projects in a day which means that he/ she is required to stay for 3 days for evaluating all the
projects for a typical batch of 60 students. The expected number of days needed to be spent
by the External Examiner to evaluate the B. Tech projects of different batch size is given in
the following table.

The External Examiner may first see the demonstration of each group along with their reports
in the first two days and then take viva of each group in the last day. Along with the external
examiner DEC will be present in all the presentations and the concerned supervisor can be
invited at the time his/ her group is making the presentation. The supervisor can help to
explain the project at the end of presentation made by the students. However it is expected
that by no means supervisor(s) will try to influence the committee for better marks etc.

Normalization of Marks:

There is a possibility that the marks obtained in B. Tech Projects by various groups across the
university may not be uniform because of the involvement of many examiners. Hence it is
suggested Batch Size Number of Days to be spent by External Examiner to
introduce ≤ 30 2 days the
concept of ≤ 60 3 days

normalizing these marks. For this we need to formulate a proper normalization scheme. One
scheme could be followed by re-evaluating a few project reports of all Departments of
various institute. These reports can be selected at random. Another possible scheme could be
to use the minimum and maximum marks obtained by the various projects of different
departments of different Institutes,

Awards & Remuneration:

Since the activities of UPC are additional and critical, it is suggested that all external
members of UPC shall be paid proper remuneration by the university. Amount of
remuneration may vary time to time. Since it is expected that an external examiner can
evaluate at most 20 projects per day and he might have to spend 3 days to evaluate a batch of
60 students in an Institute, so it is expected that the local hospitality for the external examiner
who is a faculty member of other Institute and nominated by UPC will be borne by respective
institute. However, Honorarium, TA and DA will be borne by the UPTU.

DEC will nominate at most one project for the Best B. Tech Project of the Institute. IPC will
select the best project among the nominated best projects of the Institute. The project group
may be given an award along with a certificate at the time of Institute Annual Function or
University Convocation. Further, their names will appear in the website maintained by the
university.

It is important that each Institute should put a special effort to publish in well known
International Conferences and Journals. List of such conferences and journals will be
maintained by the university. Any publication in such conference and journal as a result of
their project will be appreciated highly and the project group can be awarded by cash prize
from the university.