AD8200
AD8200
AD8200
Difference Amplifier
AD8200
FEATURES FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
High Common-Mode Voltage Range –2 V to +24 V at a SOIC (R) Package
5 V Supply Voltage Die Form
Operating Temperature Range
Die: –40C to +150C NC A1 A2 +VS
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10 ppm/C Typ Gain Drift A1 A2 OUT
–IN –IN –IN
80 dB CMRR Min DC to 10 kHz 10k
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
LE
The AD8200 is a single-supply difference amplifier for amplifying
and low-pass filtering small differential voltages in the presence of
NC = NO CONNECT
a large common-mode voltage. The input CMV range extends Typical offset and gain drift in the SOIC package are 6 µV/°C
from –2 V to +24 V at a typical supply voltage of 5 V. and 10 ppm/°C, respectively. The device also delivers a mini-
SO
The AD8200 is offered in die and packaged form. Both package mum CMRR of 80 dB from dc to 10 kHz.
options are specified over wide temperature ranges, making the The AD8200 features an externally accessible 100 kΩ resistor at
AD8200 well suited for use in many automotive platforms. The the output of the preamp A1, which can be used for low-pass
SOIC package is specified over a temperature range of –40°C to filter applications and for establishing gains other than 20.
+125°C. The die is specified from –40°C to +150°C.
INDUCTIVE POWER
B
LOAD 5V DEVICE 5V
CLAMP
OUTPUT OUTPUT
DIODE
+IN NC +VS OUT +IN NC +VS OUT
BATTERY 14V
BATTERY 14V
4 TERM 4 TERM
O
SHUNT
AD8200 SHUNT AD8200
Figure 1. High Line Current Sensor Figure 2. Low Line Current Sensor
REV. B
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Input Impedance
Differential 320 400 480 320 400 480 kΩ
Common-Mode 160 200 240 160 200 240 kΩ
CMV Continuous –2 +24 –2 +24 V
Common-Mode Rejection1 VCM = 10 V
f = 1 kHz 80 80 dB
f = 10 kHz2 80 80 dB
PREAMPLIFIER
Gain
Gain Error
Output Voltage Range
Output Resistance
LE 10
–1
0.02
97 100
+1
4.8
103
10
–1
0.02
97 100
+1
4.8
103
V/V
%
V
kΩ
OUTPUT BUFFER
Gain 2 2 V/V
SO
Gain Error –1 +1 –1 +1 %
Output Voltage Range 0.02 4.8 0.02 4.8 V
Output Resistance 2 2 Ω
DYNAMIC RESPONSE
3 dB Bandwidth 30 50 30 50 kHz
Slew Rate 0.22 0.22 V/µs
NOISE
0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 10 10 µV p-p
B
–2– REV. B
AD8200
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* PIN CONFIGURATION
Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 V
Transient Input Voltage (300 ms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 V
Continuous Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 V –IN 1 8 +IN
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ORDERING GUIDE
CAUTION
AD8200YCHIPS
AD8200YCSURF
LE
–40°C to +150°C
–40°C to +150°C
DIE Form
DIE Form
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the
SO
AD8200 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices
subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended
to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
METALLIZATION PHOTOGRAPH
+VS
B
6
O
5 OUT
+IN 8
–IN 1
4 A2
2 3
GND A1
REV. B –3–
AD8200–Typical Performance Characteristics
(TA = 25C, VS = 5 V, VCM = 0 V, RL = 10 k, unless otherwise noted.)
30 0 30
25
25 –2
+VCM 20
15
20 –4
10
GAIN – dB
15 –6 5
–VCM 0
10 –8
–5
–10
5 –10
–15
0 –12 –20
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2 3 4 5 1k 10k 100k 1M
SUPPLY VOLTAGE – V FREQUENCY – Hz
TPC 1. Input Common-Mode Range vs. Supply TPC 4. Gain vs. Frequency
0 100
95
–5
RL = 90
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OUTPUT VOLTAGE – mV
–10 CMRR – dB 85
–15 80
75
–20
70
–25 65
RL = 10k TO GND 60
SO
–30
55
–35 50
2 3 4 5 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M
SUPPLY VOLTAGE – V FREQUENCY – Hz
TPC 2. Output Voltage – VS vs. Supply TPC 5. Common-Mode Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency
5 100
90
B
4 80
OUTPUT VOLTAGE – V
70
3
PSRR – dB
60
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50
2 40
30
1 20
10
0 0
10 100 1k 10k 10 100 1k 10k 100k
LOAD RESISTANCE – FREQUENCY – Hz
TPC 3. Output Voltage Swing vs. Load Resistance TPC 6. Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency
–4– REV. B
AD8200
TEK RUN: 2.5MS/s HI RES TEK RUN: 2.5MS/s AVERAGE
VOUT, RL = 10k
1
VOUT, RL = 10k
1
T MAGNIFIED VOUT
VIN 3 VIN
2 2
CH1 500mV CH2 50mV M 20s CH1 1.5V CH1 1V CH 2 10mV M 20s CH1 1.36V
CH3 100mV
TE
THEORY OF OPERATION To minimize these errors while extending the common-mode
The AD8200 consists of a preamp and buffer arranged as shown range, a dedicated feedback loop is employed to reduce the
in Figure 3. Like-named resistors have equal values. range of common-mode voltage applied to A1, for a given over-
The preamp incorporates a dynamic bridge (subtractor) circuit. all range at the inputs. By offsetting the range of voltage applied
Identical networks (within the shaded areas), consisting of RA, to the compensator, the input common-mode range is also offset
RB, RC, and RG, attenuate input signals applied to Pins 1 and 8. to include voltages more negative than the power supply. Ampli-
fier A3 detects the common-mode signal applied to A1 and
Note that when equal amplitude signals are asserted at inputs 1
and 8, and the output of A1 is equal to the common potential
(i.e., zero), the two attenuators form a balanced-bridge network.
When the bridge is balanced, the differential input voltage at
A1, and thus its output, will be zero.
LE adjusts the voltage on the matched RCM resistors to reduce the
common-mode voltage range at the A1 inputs. By adjusting the
common voltage of these resistors, the common-mode input
range is extended while, at the same time, the normal mode
signal attenuation is reduced, leading to better performance
Any common-mode voltage applied to both inputs will keep the referred to input.
bridge balanced and the A1 output at zero. Because the resistor
The output of the dynamic bridge taken from A1 is connected
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networks are carefully matched, the common-mode signal rejec-
tion approaches this ideal state. to Pin 3 by way of a 100 kΩ series resistor, provided for low-
pass filtering and gain adjustment. The resistors in the input
However, if the signals applied to the inputs differ, the result is a networks of the preamp and the buffer feedback resistors are
difference at the input to A1. A1 responds by adjusting its output ratio-trimmed for high accuracy.
to drive RB, by way of RG, to adjust the voltage at its inverting
input until it matches the voltage at its noninverting input. The output of the preamp drives a gain-of-two buffer-amplifier
A2, implemented with carefully matched feedback resistors RF.
By attenuating voltages at Pins 1 and 8, the amplifier inputs are
held within the power supply range, even if Pin 1 and Pin 8 The two-stage system architecture of the AD8200 enables the
user to incorporate a low-pass filter prior to the output buffer.
B
RB RB A3
The open collector output stage will source current to within
RF 20 mV of ground.
RG RC RC RG AD8200
COM
10 5V
OUTPUT VDIFF 10k 10k
TE
20REXT
1% 2 GAIN =
+IN NC +VS OUT REXT – 100k
AD8200 REXT
VDIFF GAIN
VCM 100k REXT = 100k
+ 10 2 GAIN – 20
1%
AD8200
–IN GND A1 A2
–IN GND A1 A2
NC = NO CONNECT
GAIN TRIM
Figure 7 shows a method for incremental gain trimming using a
trimpot and external resistor REXT.
GAIN ADJUSTMENT The following approximation is useful for small gain ranges
The default gain of the preamplifier and buffer are ⫻10 and ⫻2,
SO
respectively, resulting in a composite gain of ⫻20. With the ∆G ≈ (10MΩ ÷ REXT )%
addition of external resistor(s) or trimmer(s), the gain may be
Thus, the adjustment range would be ± 2% for REXT = 5 MΩ;
lowered, raised, or finely calibrated.
± 10% for REXT = 1 MΩ, and so on.
Gains Less than 20
Since the preamplifier has an output resistance of 100 kΩ, an exter- 5V
OUT
nal resistor connected from Pins 3 and 4 to GND will decrease the
gain by a factor REXT/(100 kΩ + REXT) (see Figure 5). VDIFF
+IN NC +VS OUT
B
2
+VS
AD8200
OUT
VDIFF
VCM
+IN NC +VS OUT
2
–IN GND A1 A2
NC = NO CONNECT
is limited to (VS – 0.2) ÷ 10, for overall gains ≤10, since the 2
–IN GND A1 A2
preamplifier, with its fixed gain of ×10, reaches its full-scale
output before the output buffer. For gains greater than 10, the
255k
swing at the buffer output reaches its full scale first and limits
FC = 1Hz – F
the AD8200 input to (VS – 0.2) ÷ G, where G is the overall gain. C
NC = NO CONNECT
LOW-PASS FILTERING
In many transducer applications, it is necessary to filter the Figure 9. 2-Pole Low-Pass Filter
signal to remove spurious high frequency components, including A 2-pole filter (with a roll-off of 40 dB/decade) can be implemented
noise, or to extract the mean value of a fluctuating signal with a
TE
using the connections shown in Figure 9. This is a Sallen-Key
peak-to-average ratio (PAR) greater than unity. For example, a form based on a ×2 amplifier. It is useful to remember that a 2-pole
full-wave rectified sinusoid has a PAR of 1.57, a raised cosine filter with a corner frequency f2 and a 1-pole filter with a corner
has a PAR of 2, and a half-wave sinusoid has a PAR of 3.14. at f1 have the same attenuation at the frequency (f22/f1). The
Signals having large spikes may have PARs of 10 or more. attenuation at that frequency is 40 log (f2/f1). This is illustrated
When implementing a filter, the PAR should be considered so in Figure 10. Using the standard resistor value shown and equal
the output of the AD8200 preamplifier (A1) does not clip before capacitors (Figure 9), the corner frequency is conveniently scaled at
A2, since this nonlinearity would be averaged and appear as an 1 Hz-µF (0.05 µF for a 20 Hz corner). A maximally flat response
when the PAR is no greater than the gain of the second ampli-
fier (2 for the default configuration). For example, if a PAR of 5
is expected, the gain of A2 should be increased to 5.
occurs when the resistor is lowered to 196 kΩ and the scaling is
then 1.145 Hz-µF. The output offset is raised by approximately
5 mV (equivalent to 250 V at the input pins).
FREQUENCY
VDIFF C IN FARADS
VCM Figure 10. Comparative Responses of 1-Pole and
2
–IN GND A1 A2 2-Pole Low-Pass Filters
NC = NO CONNECT
REV. B –7–
AD8200
HIGH-LINE CURRENT SENSING WITH LPF AND GAIN DRIVING CHARGE REDISTRIBUTION A/D
ADJUSTMENT CONVERTERS
Figure 11 is another refinement of Figure 1, including gain When driving CMOS ADCs, such as those embedded in
adjustment and low-pass filtering. popular microcontrollers, the charge injection (⌬Q) can cause
a significant deflection in the output voltage of the AD8200.
INDUCTIVE Though generally of short duration, this deflection may persist
LOAD 5V
CLAMP OUTPUT until after the sample period of the ADC has expired, due to the
DIODE 4V/AMP
relatively high open-loop output impedance of the AD8200.
+IN NC +VS OUT
Including an R-C network in the output can significantly reduce
BATTERY 14V 191k the effect. The capacitor helps to absorb the transient charge,
4 TERM
SHUNT
AD8200 effectively lowering the high frequency output impedance of the
20k AD8200. For these applications, the output signal should be
–IN GND A1 A2 taken from the midpoint of the RLAG – CLAG combination as
POWER
VOS/IB shown in Figure 13.
DEVICE
NULL
Since the perturbations from the analog-to-digital converter are
TE
C small, the output impedance of the AD8200 will appear to be
low. The transient response will, therefore, have a time constant
NC = NO CONNECT COMMON 5% CALIBRATION RANGE
FC = 0.796Hz–F governed by the product of the two LAG components, CLAG ×
(0.22F FOR f = 3.6 Hz)
RLAG. For the values shown in Figure 13, this time constant is
Figure 11. High-Line Current Sensor Interface; Gain = ×40, programmed at approximately 10 µs. Therefore, if samples are
Single-Pole, Low-Pass Filter taken at several tens of microseconds or more, there will be
negligible charge “stack-up.”
A power device that is either ON or OFF controls the current in
the load. The average current is proportional to the duty cycle of
the input pulse and is sensed by a small value resistor. The
average differential voltage across the shunt is typically 100 mV,
although its peak value will be higher by an amount that depends
on the inductance of the load and the control frequency. The
LE 5V
+IN
AD8200
A2
RLAG
1k MICROPROCESSOR
common-mode voltage, on the other hand, extends from roughly A/D
CLAG
1 V above ground, when the switch is ON, to about 1.5 V –IN 0.01F
10k
above the battery voltage, when the device is OFF, and the
SO
clamp diode conducts. If the maximum battery voltage spikes
10k
up to 20 V, the common-mode voltage at the input can be as
high as 21.5 V.
To produce a full-scale output of 4 V, a gain ×40 is used, adjust-
able by ± 5% to absorb the tolerance in the shunt. There is
sufficient headroom to allow 10% overrange (to 4.4 V). The
Figure 13. Recommended Circuit for Driving CMOS A /D
roughly triangular voltage across the sense resistor is averaged
by a 1-pole, low-pass filter, here set with a corner frequency =
B
INDUCTIVE
LOAD 5V
CLAMP
OUTPUT
DIODE
+IN NC +VS OUT
50k
–IN GND A1 A2
POWER
DEVICE
127k
–8– REV. B
AD8200
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
5.00 (0.1968)
4.80 (0.1890)
8 5
4.00 (0.1574) 6.20 (0.2440)
3.80 (0.1497) 1 4 5.80 (0.2284)
TE
0.25 (0.0098) 1.35 (0.0532)
0.10 (0.0040)
0.51 (0.0201) 8ⴗ
COPLANARITY 0.31 (0.0122) 0.25 (0.0098) 0ⴗ 1.27 (0.0500)
0.10 SEATING 0.40 (0.0157)
PLANE 0.17 (0.0067)
LE
SO
B
O
REV. B –9–
AD8200
Revision History
Location Page
11/03—Data Sheet Changed from REV. A to REV. B.
Change to FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Change to SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Change to ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Change to OUTLINE DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6/02—Data Sheet Changed from REV. 0 to REV. A.
Change to ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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C02054–0–11/03(B)