GENIUS EXAM FINAL PREDICTION 2024

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231/2
BIOLOGY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
Time: 2 HOURS
OCTOBER

BIOLOGY 2024.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Write your name, index number and the name of the school in the space provided.
 This paper consists of 2 sections A, and B
 Answer ALL the questions in section A.
 In section B, answer question 6 (Compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided
after question 8.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Section Questions Maximum Score Candidates Score
1 8
2 8
A 3 8
4 8
5 8
6 20
B 7 20
8 20
TOTAL SCORE 80

This paper consists of 10 printed pages

Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated
and no questions are missing
SECTION A.
1. (a) Viable seed may not germinate even when provided with favorable condition. State the
importance of the above phenomena. (2mks)

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(b) Monocotyledonous plants do not undergo secondary growth. Explain. (2mks)
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(c) In the diagram below, a bean seedling was pinned in a horizontal position inside a clinostat.

(i) Explain what you would expect to observe after 48 hours if the clinostat was not rotating.
(2mks)
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(ii) Explain what you would expect to observe after 48 hours if the clinostat was rotating
slowly. (2mks)
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 2. (i) Explain the concept of the negative feedback mechanism. (3mks)
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(ii) Study the diagram below and answer the question that follows.

On the organ above, draw a small circle and label it X to show where the adrenal gland is located.
(1mk)
(i) Explain the effect of the hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in blood sugar regulation.
(2mks)
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(ii) Name two diseases that affect organ labeled A. (2mks)

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 3. The pedigree diagram below show part of a family tree in which the inherited condition of
phenylketonuria occurs.

(a) Identify and explain one piece of evidence from this family tree to show that the allele for
phenylketonuria is a recessive to allele for the normal condition. (2mks)
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(b) If individual 10 married a man who is the heterozygous for the gene, what is the probability that their
first child will be affected? (2mks)
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(c) A garden pea plant was crossed with a dwarf garden pea plant and all the offspring’s were tall. Using
later T to represent the gene for tallness, determine the genotype of the F2 if the F1 were test crossed.
(4mks)

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 4. (i) Distinguish between dentition and dental formula. (2mks)
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(iii) The diagram below represents the lower jaw of a mammal.

(a) Name the mode of nutrition of mammal whose jaw is shown. (1mk)
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(b) State one structural and one functional difference between the teeth labeled R and T.
(2mks)
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(c) ((i) Name the tooth labelled S. (1mk)
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(ii) State how the tooth named in C (i) above is adapted to its function. (2mks)
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5. The figure bellow is a cross-section of retinol cells of a mammalian eye.

(a) Identify the retinol cells labeled P and R. (2mk)

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(b) Label each of the parts marked A, B, C and D. (2mks)
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(c) Based on the diagram, explain why it takes long for the eye to adjust when one move from a
Lit room to a dark room. (3mks)
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(d)State structural difference between cell P and cell R. (1mk)
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 SECTION B.

6. The pressure in the flow of blood in a mammal was determined at two different vessels; X and Y.
The data was taken within a period of 1 minute and was presented as follows.

Time in seconds Blood pressure in

Vessel X Vessel Y
0 160 320
10 165 360
20 170 320
30 180 400
40 170 360
50 160 320
60 160 360

(a) Plot the graph of blood pressure in both vessels against time in the same axis. (7mks)
(b) Describe the trend of each curve. (2mks)
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(c) From the graph, suggest the possible identity for:
(i) Blood vessel X. (1mk)
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(ii) Blood vessel Y. (1mk)
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(d) Give reason for your answer in (c) (i) and (ii) above. (2mks)
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(e)Explain a factor that would result in to an increase in blood pressure in both the blood vessels
above. (2mks)

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(f) State two structural differences between the two vessels mentioned in C above. (2mks)
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(g) Name two diseases of the circulatory system in humans. (2mks)
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(h) Other than, transport of substances state one other function of blood. (1mk)
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7. (a) Discuss the economic importance of bacteria. (10mks)
(b) Discuss the adaptation of Schistosoma mansoni to its survival. (10mks)
8. (a) Describe the photosynthetic theory. (10mks)
(b) Describe gaseous exchange in terrestrial plant. (10mks)
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