DRS2022 - Bilbao

Design Research Society
DRS Digital Library
DRS Conference Volumes DRS Conference Volumes
25-6-2022
DRS2022: Bilbao
Dan Lockton
TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands, [email protected]
Sara Lenzi
Center for Design, Northeastern University, [email protected]
Paul Hekkert
TU Delft, The Netherlands, [email protected]
Arlene Oak
University of Alberta, Canada, [email protected]
Juan Sádaba
Universidad del País Vasco, Spain, [email protected]
See next page for additional authors
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Citation
Lockton, D., Lenzi, S., Hekkert, P., Oak, A., Sádaba, J., and Lloyd, P. (eds.) (2022) DRS2022: Bilbao, 25th
June - 1st July, Bilbao, Spain, Design Research Society. https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.cv001
This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the DRS Conference Volumes at DRS Digital Library. It has
been accepted for inclusion in DRS Conference Volumes by an authorized administrator of DRS Digital Library. For
more information, please contact [email protected].
Editors
Dan Lockton, Sara Lenzi, Paul Hekkert, Arlene Oak, Juan Sádaba, and Peter Lloyd
This book is available at DRS Digital Library: https://dl.designresearchsociety.org/conference-volumes/56

PROCEEDINGS OF DRS ISSN 2398-3132
EDITORS:
DAN LOCKTON
SARA LENZI DESIGN
PAUL HEKKERT
ARLENE OAK RESEARCH
JUAN SÁDABA
PETER LLOYD SOCIETY
Proceedings of DRS2022 Bilbao
Design Research Society International Conference
Bilbao, Spain,
25 June – 1 July 2022
Editors:
Dan Lockton
Sara Lenzi
Paul Hekkert
Arlene Oak
Juan Sádaba
Peter Lloyd
Proceedings of DRS2022 Bilbao
Design Research Society International Conference
25 June – 1 July 2022
Bilbao, Spain
www.drs2022.org
Cover and conference identity design by Cuchillo, Bilbao

Proceedings compiled by Lenny Martinez Dominguez
Editors: Dan Lockton, Sara Lenzi, Paul Hekkert, Arlene Oak, Juan Sádaba, Peter Lloyd
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial

4.0 International License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Proceedings of DRS 2022 International Conference
ISSN 2398-3132
Published by the Design Research Society

85 Great Portland Street
London, W1W 7LT
United Kingdom
ISBN 978-1-91229-457-2
Design Research Society

email: [email protected]
website: www.designresearchsociety.org
digital library: dl.designresearchsociety.org
Founded in 1966 the Design Research Society (DRS) is a learned society committed to
promoting and developing design research. It is the longest established, multi-disciplinary
worldwide society for the design research community and aims to promote the study of and
research into the process of designing in all its many fields.
DRS Special Interest Groups

Design Education (EdSIG)
Design for Health, Wellbeing and Happiness (SIGWELL)
Design for the Pluriverse (PluriSIG)
Design for Policy and Governance (PoGoSIG)
Inclusive Design (Inclusive SIG)
Global Health SIG (Global Health SIG)
Behaviour Change (BehaviourSIG)
Design for Tangible, Embedded and Networked Technologies (TENT SIG)
Objects, Practices, Experiences, Networks (OPENSIG)
Sustainability SIG (SuSSIG)
Experiential Knowledge (EKSIG)
Design Retail & Services Futures community (DRSF SIG)
DRS International Biennial Conference Series

DRS 2002 London; DRS 2004 Melbourne; DRS 2006 Lisbon; DRS 2008 Sheffield; DRS 2010
Montreal; DRS 2012 Bangkok; DRS 2014 Umeå, 2016 Brighton, 2018 Limerick, 2020 Brisbane.
DRS2022 Committees
Conference Chairs
Sara Lenzi, Bilbao Ekintza
Peter Lloyd, Chair of DRS
Programme Committee
Dan Lockton, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands (Chair)
Sara Lenzi, Northeastern University, USA
Peter Lloyd, TU Delft, The Netherlands
Arlene Oak, University of Alberta, Canada
Paul Hekkert, TU Delft, The Netherlands
Juan Sádaba, Universidad del País Vasco, Spain
Conversations Committee
Peter Lloyd, TU Delft, The Netherlands (Chair)
Kees Dorst, University of Technology, Sydney
Rebecca Cain, Loughborough University, UK
Stella Boess, TU Delft, The Netherlands
Juan Giuseppe Montalván, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú
Workshop Committee
Catalina Cortes Loyola, University Del Desarrollo, Chile (Chair)
Alex Mitxelena, Universidad del País Vasco, Spain
Natxo Rodriguez, Universidad del País Vasco, Spain
Ganix Lasa, Mondragon University, Spain
Aiur Retegi, Universidad de Deusto, Spain
Adrián Larripa, Universidad de Navarra, Spain
PhD Event Committee

Cecilia Landa-Avila, Loughborough University, UK (Chair)
Beatrice Gobbo, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Francisco Tapia, University of Leeds, UK
Petra Salaric, Loughborough University, UK
Matt Lee-Smith, Loughborough University, UK
Angelina Pan, Loughborough University, UK
Vera van der Burg, TU Delft, The Netherlands
Sampsa Hyysalo, Aalto University, Finland
Labs Committee
Juan Sádaba, Universidad del País Vasco, Spain (Chair)
Maria Jesús del Blanco, Bilbao Ekintza
Carolina Gutierrez, Bilbao Ekintza
Keynote Debates Committee
Paul Hekkert, TU Delft, The Netherlands (Chair)
Juan Sádaba, Universidad del País Vasco, Spain
Local Organisation Coordination

Sara Lenzi, Bilbao Ekintza
Carolina Gutierrez, Bilbao Ekintza
Juan Sádaba, Universidad del País Vasco
Conference Advisory Committee

Johan Redström, Umeå Institute of Design, Sweden
Jodi Forlizzi, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Rebecca Cain, Loughborough University, UK
Anna Vallgårda, IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Heather Wiltse, Umeå Institute of Design, Sweden
Stella Boess, TU Delft, The Netherlands
Lin-Lin Chen, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Catalina Cortes Loyola, University Del Desarrollo, Chile
Kees Dorst, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
Sampsa Hyysalo, Aalto University, Finland
Sabine Junginger, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Switzerland
Tek-Jin Nam, KAIST, South Korea
Toshimasa Yamanaka, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Theme Track Chairs and Editorial Authors

Fernando Bajo, University of the Basque Country, Spain
Madeline Balaam, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Silvia Barbero, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Alison Barnes, Western Sydney University, Australia
Somaya Ben Allouch, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
Sankalp Bhatnagar, Northeastern University, USA
Thea Blackler, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Spyros Bofylatos, University of the Aegean, Greece
Erik Bohemia, Shandong University of Art & Design, China
Elizabeth Boling, Indiana University, USA
Naz A.G.Z. Börekçi, Middle East Technical University METU, Turkey
Sofía Bosch Gómez, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Úrsula Bravo, Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile
James Benedict Brown, Umeå University, Sweden
Jonathan Cagan, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Rebecca Cain, Loughborough University
Sine Celik, TU Delft
Senthil Chandrasegaran, TU Delft, The Netherlands
Jonathan Chapman, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Paolo Ciuccarelli, Northeastern University, USA
Ezequiel Collantes, University of the Basque Country, Spain
James Corazzo, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
Stefano Delle Monache, TU Delft, The Netherlands
Shital Desai, York University, Canada
Pieter Desmet, TU Delft, The Netherlands
Ingvild Digranes, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway
Brian Dixon, Ulster University, UK
Hua Dong, Brunel University, UK
Steven Dorrestijn, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
Catherine Durose, University of Birmingham, UK
Wouter Eggink, University of Twente, The Netherlands
Chris Elsden, University of Edinburgh, UK
Delfina Fantini van Ditmar, Royal College of Art, UK
Karen Feder, Design School Kolding, Denmark
Nathan Felde, Northeastern University, USA
Deborah Fels, Ryerson University, Canada
Tom Fisher, Nottingham Trent University, UK
Elisa Giaccardi, TU Delft, The Netherlands
Inte Gloerich, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Kosa Goucher-Lambert, University of California Berkeley, USA
Colin M. Gray, Purdue University, USA
Camilla Groth, University of South-Eastern Norway
Sune Gudiksen, Design School Kolding, Denmark
Ashley Hall, Royal College of Art, UK
Kevin Hamilton, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Robert Harland, Loughborough University, UK
Marc Hassenzahl, University of Siegen, Germany
Leigh-Anne Hepburn, The University of Sydney, Australia
Sander Hermsen, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Rosie Hornbuckle, University of the Arts London, UK
Michael Howlett, Simon Fraser University, Canada
Samuel Huron, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France
Perline Hwee Ling Siek, USCI University, Malaysia
Irina Jackiva, Transport and Telecommunication Institute, Latvia
Dan Jackson, Northeastern University, USA
Derek Jones, The Open University, UK
Li Jönsson, Malmö University, Sweden
Silvana Juri, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Patrycja Kaszynska, University of the Arts London, UK
Sarah Kettley, University of Edinburgh, UK
Miso Kim, Northeastern University, USA
Lucy Kimbell, University of the Arts London, UK
Eva Knutz, University of Southern Denmark
Danielle Lake, Elon University, USA
Sotiris Lalaounis, University of Exeter, UK
Carine Lallemand, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Cecilia Landa-Avila, Loughborough University, UK
Matthias Laschke, University of Siegen, Germany
Marion Lean, Newcastle University, UK
Chang Hee Lee, KAIST, South Korea
Catarina Lelis, University of Aveiro, Portugal
Sylvia Liu, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Peter Lloyd, TU Delft, The Netherlands
Dan Lockton, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Nicole Lotz, The Open University, UK
Geke Ludden, University of Twente, The Netherlands
Eva Lutnæs, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
Thomas Markussen, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
Lorraine Marshalsey, University of South Australia, Australia
Sonia Massari, University of Pisa, Italy
Chris McGinley, Royal College of Art, UK
Daphne Menheere, Van Berlo, The Netherlands
Ezio Manzini, Polytecnico di Milano, Italy
Xanat Vargas Meza, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Nicolas Misdariis, Sorbonne University, France
Juan Giusepe Montalván Lume, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru
Marzia Mortati, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Louise Mullagh, Lancaster University, UK
Blaise Nguendo Yongsi, Université Catholique d’Afrique Centrale, Cameroon
Claire Nicholas, University of Oklahoma, USA
Farnaz Nickpour, University of Liverpool, UK
Liv Merete Nielsen, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
Kristina Niedderer, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
Nithikul Nimkulrat, OCAD University, Canada
Bettina Nissen, University of Edinburgh
Lesley-Ann Noel, North Carolina State University, USA
Dietmar Offenhuber, Northeastern University, USA
Deger Ozkaramanli, University of Twente, The Netherlands
Paul Pangaro, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Ann Petermans, Hasselt University, Belgium
Bruna Petreca, Royal College of Art, UK
Rob Phillips, Royal College of Art, UK
Anna Pohlmeyer, different, Germany
Tiiu Poldma, Université de Montréal, Canada
Monica Porteanu, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Alison Prendiville, University of the Arts London, UK
Katelijn Quartier, Hasselt University, Belgium
Jeroen Raijmakers, Philips Design, The Netherlands
Johan Redström, Umeå Institute of Design, Sweden
Emma Rhule, United Nations University, Malaysia
Liz Richardson, University of Manchester, UK
Holly Robbins, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Anna Rylander Eklund, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Scott Schmidt, Georgetown University, USA
Irina Shklovski, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Jules Rochielle Sievert, Northeastern University, USA
Nicos Souleles, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
Neil Rubens, Visa
Rachel Charlotte Smith, Aarhus University, Denmark
Marie Louise Juul Søndergaard, The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, Oslo
Cláudia de Souza Libânio, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
Chris Speed, University of Edinburgh, UK
Ben Sweeting, University of Brighton, UK
Ida Telalbasic, Loughborough University London, UK
Martín Tironi, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Leandro Tonetto, Unisinos University, Brazil
James Tooze, University of Brighton, UK
Emmanuel Tsekleves, Lancaster University, UK
Josina Vink, Oslo School of Architecture and Design, Norway
Klaasjan Visscher, University of Twente, The Netherlands
Mascha van der Voort, University of Twente, The Netherlands
Frithjof Wegener, Warwick University, UK
Alex Wilkie, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
Heather Wiltse, Umeå Institute of Design, Sweden
Jie Xu, China Academy of Arts, China
Maria Yang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Cristina Zaga, University of Twente, The Netherlands
International Board of Reviewers
The following people provided one or more peer reviews for the 588 research papers that were submitted
to DRS2022. Our thanks for your effort and commitment to ensuring the quality of the 317 final papers
that were accepted.
Carlos Aceves-González, Universidad de Guadalajara

Markus Ahola, Aalto University
Tom Ainsworth, University of Brighton
Canan Akoglu, Design School Kolding
Bilge Aktas, Aalto University
Nóra Al Haider, Stanford Law School
Katerina Alexiou, The Open University
Catalina Alzate Mora, The University of Texas at Austin
Mariana Victoria Amatullo, Parsons The New School
Michael Arnold Mages, Northeastern University
Stephen Awoniyi, Texas State University
Camilo Ayala Garcia, Universidad de los Andes
Joon Sang Baek, Yonsei University
Saúl Baeza, ELISAVA
Ehsan Baha, University of Montréal
Jocelyn Bailey, University of the Arts London
Fernando Bajo, University of the Basque Country
Yekta Bakırlıoğlu, Middle East Technical University
Madeline Balaam, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Carol Bales, The Weather Company
Anne Louise Bang, VIA University College
Silvia Barbero, Politecnico di Torino
Alison Barnes, Western Sydney University
Nicholas Baroncelli Torretta, Umeå University
Stephen Barrass, Sonification.com
Belen Barros Pena, Northumbria University
Weston Baxter, Imperial College London
Katie Beavan, New York University
Jon Begiristain, University of the Vasc Country
Somaya Ben Allouch, Amsterdam University of Applied Science
Roy Bendor, TU Delft
Isabella Bergamini, Ministero dell'Istruzione
Francesco Bergamo, Iuav University of Venice
Roberta Bernabei, Loughborough University
Sankalp Bhatnagar, Northeastern University
Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer, TU Delft
Noemi Bitterman, Technion
Thea Blackler, Queensland University of Technology
Joanna Boehnert, Loughborough University
Stella Boess, TU Delft
Spyros Bofylatos, University of the Aegean
Erik Bohemia, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences
Bodil Bøjer, Det Kongelige Akademi
Elizabeth Boling, Indiana University Bloomington
Naz A G Z Börekçi, Middle East Technical University
Sofia Bosch Gomez, Carnegie Mellon University
Idil Bostan, TU Delft
Andrea Botero, Aalto University
Wilhelmina Maria Botes, University of Luxembourg
Remy Bourganel, IEP Paris
Jacky Bourgeois, TU Delft
Stephen Boyd Davis, Royal College of Art
Úrsula Bravo, Universidad del Desarrollo
Philip Breedon, Nottingham Trent University
Charlie Breindahl, University of Copenhagen
Gerard Briscoe, Royal College of Art
Antonius van den Broek, Loughborough University
James Brown, Umeå University
Jacob T. Browne, Philips
Yolandi Burger, Loughborough University
Jacob Buur, University of Southern Denmark
Roland Cahen, ENSCi Les Ateliers
Rebecca Cain, Loughborough University
Jorge Camacho, Centro de Diseño, Cine y Televisión
Filipe Campelo Xavier da Costa, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
Elena Caratti, Politecnico di Milano
Sidse Carroll, Royal College of Art
Philip Cash, Technical University of Denmark
Krystina Castella, Art Center College of Design
Sine Celik, TU Delft
Senthil Chandrasegaran, TU Delft
Jonathan Chapman, Carnegie Mellon University
Abhinav Chaturvedi, Bennett University
Tatiana Chemi, aalborg university
Chien-Hsiung Chen, National Taiwan University of Science & Technology
Fan Chen, Tongji University
Ichen Chiang, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
Laureline Chiapello, Université de Québec à Chicoutimi
Peter Childs, Imperial College London
Marcos Chilet, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Abdüsselam Selami Çifter, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University
Nazli Cila, TU Delft
Estefania Ciliotta Chehade, Northeastern University, Center for Design
Paolo Ciuccarelli, Northeastern University
Violeta Clemente, University of Aveiro
Ezequiel Collantes, University of the Basque Country
Sharon Cook, Loughborough University
Rachel Cooper, lancaster university
Jillian Coorey, Kent State University
James Corazzo, Sheffield Hallam University
Ana Correia de Barros, Fraunhofer Portugal AICOS
Catalina Cortés, Universidad del Desarrollo
Paul Coulton, Lancaster University
Adam Cowart, Carnegie Mellon University
Nathan Crilly, University of Cambridge
Leon Cruickshank, Lancaster University
Beatriz Itzel Cruz Megchun, University of Portland
Alma Leora Culén, University of Oslo
Bronwyn Cumbo, Monash University
Jaap Daalhuizen, Technical University of Denmark
Michel de Blois, Université Laval
Santiago de Francisco Vela, Universidad de los Andes
Amalia de Götzen, Allborg University
Mirella de Menezes Migliari, Loughborough University
João de Souza Leite, Rio de Janeiro State University
Cláudia de Souza Libânio, Federal University of Health Sciences Porto Alegre
Colin Andrew Deevy, Institute of Technology Carlow
Tessa Dekkers, University of Twente
Fernando Del Caro Secomandi, TU Delft
Federico Del Giorgio Solfa, National University of La Plata
Claudio Dell'era, Politecnico di Milano
Halime Demirkan, Bilkent University
Robert-Jan Den Haan, University of Twente
Shital Desai, York University
Pieter Desmet, TU Delft
Emma Dewberry, The Open University
Di Xiao, TU Eindhoven
Ingvild Digranes, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences
Orsalia Dimitriou, University of Westminster
Carl Disalvo, Georgia Institute of Technology
Brian Dixon, Ulster University
Judith Marlen Dobler, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences
Michael Doherty, Lancaster University
Markéta Dolejšová, Aalto University
Hua Dong, Brunel Univeristy London
Erica Dorn, Carnegie Mellon University
Steven Dorrestijn, Saxion Hogeschool
Kees Dorst, University Of Technology Sydney
Delia Dumitrescu, University of Borås
David Durling, DurlingDesign
Catherine Durose, University of Birmingham
Abigail Durrant, Newcastle University
Rebecca Earley, University of the Arts London
Håkan Edeholt, Oslo School of Architecture and Design
Pelin Efilti, Istanbul Technical University
Berry Eggen, Eindhoven University of Technology
Wouter Eggink, University of Twente
Jeannette Eicks, Vermont Law School
Dina El Zanfaly, Carnegie Mellon University
Chris Elsden, University of Edinburgh
Nick Emerson, University of Canterbury
Stuart English, Northumbria University
Alpay Er, Ozyegin University
Ozlem Er, Istanbul Bilgi University
Eva Eriksson, Aarhus University
Carolina Escobar-Tello, Loughborough University
Kjetil Falkenberg, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Delfina Fantini van Ditmar, Royal College of Art
Luke Feast, Auckland University of Technology
Nathan Felde, Northeastern University
Jonathan Joseph Felix, RMIT University Vietnam
Clara Fernandes, LaSalle University
Thomas Fischer, Southern University of Science and Technology
Tom Fisher, Nottingham Trent University
Karen Fleming, Ulster University
Mariana Fonseca Braga, Lancaster University
Jodi Forlizzi, Carnegie Mellon University
James Forren, Dalhousie University
Maria Foverskov, Malmö university
Joep Frens, Eindhoven University of Technology
Johnny Friberg, University of Gothenburg
Emma Frid, IRCAM
Ken Friedman, Tongji University
Fernando Galdon, Royal College of Art
Lorraine Gamman, University of the Arts London
Tomás García Ferrari, University of Waikato
Ignacio Garnham, Aarhus University
Katie Gaudion, Royal College of Art
Philippe Gauthier, Université de Montréal
Anouk Geenen, University of Twente
Koray Gelmez, Istanbul Technical University
Georgi Georgiev, University of Oulu
Elisa Giaccardi, TU Delft
Mathieu Gielen, TU Delft
Inte Gloerich, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences
Rafael Gomez, Queensland University of Technology
Milene Gonçalves, TU Delft
Kosa Goucher-Lambert, University of California, Berkeley
Colin M. Gray, Purdue University
Silvia Grimaldi, University of the Arts London
Camilla Groth, University of South-Eastern Norway
Sune Gudiksen, Design School Kolding
Ian Gwilt, University of South Australia
Helena Haapio, University of Vaasa
Margaret Hagan, Stanford University
Young-ae Hahn, Yonsei University
Kim Halskov, Aarhus University
Preben Hansen, Stockholm University
Robert Harland, Loughborough University
Monica Louise Hartvigsen, Design School Kolding
Juha Hartvik, Åbo Akademi University
Laura Hay, University of Strathclyde
Sarah Hayes, Munster Technological University
Liam Healy, Goldsmiths University
Tero Heikkinen, University of the Arts Helsinki
Tincuta Heinzel, Loughborough University
Leah Heiss, Monash University
Paul Hekkert, TU Delft
Karey Helms, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Bart Hengeveld, TU Delft
Leigh-Anne Hepburn, University of Sydney
Pablo Hermansen, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Sander Hermsen, OnePlanet Research Center
Lucie Hernandez, Falmouth University
Ann Heylighen, KU Leuven
Clive Hilton, The Open University
Michael Hohl, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences
Rosie Hornbuckle, University of the Arts London
Kei Hoshi, Auckland University of Technology
Olivier Houix, IRCAM
Michael Howlett, Simon Fraser University
Yujia Huang, University of Dundee
Xinyi Huang, University of Edinburgh
Daniel Hug, Zürcher Hochschule der Künste
Daniel Huppatz, Swinburne University of Technology
Samuel Huron, Institut Polytechnique de Paris
Ricardo J Hernandez, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Dan Jackson, Northeastern University
Anna Jackson, Auckland University of Technology
Alison James, Independent Researcher
Bob Jerrard, Birmingham City University
Wolfgang Jonas, Braunschweig University of Art
Derek Jones, The Open University
Li Jönsson, Malmö University
Guy Julier, Aalto University
Gyuchan Thomas Jun, Loughborough University
Silvana Juri, Carnegie Mellon University
Eleni Kalantidou, Griffith University
Saskia van Kampen, San Francisco State University
Faith Kane, Massey University
Berrak Karaca Salgamcioglu, Istanbul University
Armağan Karahanoğlu, University of Twente
Elvin Karana, TU Delft
Anastasia Katharine Ostrowski, MIT Media Lab
Tobie Kerridge, Goldsmiths, University of London
Sarah Kettley, University of Edinburgh
Jinsook Kim, Georgian Court University
Byungsoo Kim, Kansas State University
Miso Kim, Northeastern University
Chajoong Kim, UNIST
Euiyoung Kim, TU Delft
Lucy Kimbell, University of the Arts London
Sofie Kinch, Design School Kolding
Bjorn de Koeijer, University of Twente
Sasha de Koninck, University of Colorado Boulder
Jotte de Koning, TU Delft
Teksin Kopanoglu, Cardiff Metropolitan University
Mikko Koria, Loughborough University London
Ilpo Koskinen, University of New South Wales
Yesim Kunter, Yesimkunter Ltd.
Blair Kuys, Swinburne University of Technology
Ksenija Kuzmina, Loughborough University London
Karolina La Fors, University of Twente
Thierry Lagrange, KU Leuven
Danielle Lake, Elon University
Sotiris Lalaounis, University of Exeter
Carine Lallemand, TU Eindhoven
Busayawan Lam, Brunel University
Cecilia Landa-Avila, Loughborough University
Matthias Laschke, University of Siegen
Marion Lean, Newcastle University
Chang Hee Lee, KAIST
Minha Lee, Eindhoven University of Technology
Youngsil Lee, University of Edinburgh
Lieselotte van Leeuven, University of Gothenburg
Jesper Falck Legaard, Design School Kolding
Renata Leitao, Cornell University
Sara Lenzi, Center for Design, Northeastern University
Elena Carolina Li, University of Taipei
Ann Light, University of Sussex
Petra Lilja, Konstfack
Christine de Lille, Northumbria University
Yihyun Lim, University of Southern California
Joseph Lindley, Lancaster University
Kristina Lindström, Malmö University
Stephen Little, Tshwane University of Technology
Peter Lloyd, TU Delft
Dan Lockton, TU Eindhoven
Leon Loh, Kyushu University
James Lomas, TU Delft
Nicole Lotz, The Open University
Gijs Louwers, TU Delft
Jasmine Lu, University of Chicago
Geke Ludden, University of Twente
Remko van der Lugt, Utrecht University of Applied Sciences
Rohan Lulham, University Of Technology Sydney
Eva Lutnæs, Oslo Metropolitan University
Xiao Ma, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
Mairi-Claire Macdonald, Design School Kolding
Angella Mackey, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences
Jeremy Madden, Atlantic Technological University,
Anja Maier, University of Strathclyde
Donna Maione, Carnegie Mellon University
Maarit Mäkelä, Aalto University
Carmen Malvar, Elisava Escuela de Diseno
Arthi Manohar, Brunel University
Bilgen Manzakoglu, Bahcesehir University
Jamie Marsden, Leeds University
Lorraine Marshalsey, University of South Australia
Patrizia Marti, University of Siena
Tiago Martins, University of Coimbra
Sonia Massari, Pisa University
Goran Matic, University of Brighton
Ben Matthews, The University of Queensland
Michele Mauri, Politecnico di Milano
Ramia Mazé, University of the Arts London
Marco Mazzarotto, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Sean Mccusker, Northumbria University
Chris Mcginley, Royal College of Art
Muireann Mcmahon, University of Limerick
Daphne Menheere, TU Eindhoven
Paul Micklethwaite, Kingston School of Art
Nicolas Misdariis, Ircam
Robb Mitchell, University of Southern Denmark
Richie Moalosi, University of Botswana
Juan Giusepe Montalván Lume, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
Michael Moore, Ulster University
Nicola Morelli, Aalborg University
Signe Mørk Madsen, Via University College
Piera Morlacchi, University of Sussex
Marzia Mortati, Politecnico di Milano
Ruth Mugge, TU Delft
Ingrid Mulder, TU Delft
Maaike Mulder-Nijkamp, University of Twente
Louise Mullagh, Lancaster University
Francesca Murialdo, Middlesex University
Dave Murray-Rust, TU Delft
Jaist Nagai, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
Ulises Navarro Aguiar, University of Gothenburg
Marco Neves, Lisbon School of Architecture, University of Lisbon
Iohanna Nicenboim, TU Delft
Claire Nicholas, University of Oklahoma
Farnaz Nickpour, University of Liverpool
Kristina Niedderer, Manchester Metropolitan University
Liv Merete Nielsen, Oslo Metropolitan University
Evangelos Niforatos, TU Delft
Nithikul Nimkulrat, OCAD University
Bettina Nissen, University of Edinburgh
Lesley-Ann Noel, North Carolina State University
Kieran Nolan, Dundalk Institute of Technology
Christian Nold, The Open University
Renee Noortman, TU Eindhoven
Anitra Nottingham, RMIT Online
Katri Nousiainen, Harvard Law School
Conall O’Cathain, Independent Scholar
Michelle Marie O'keeffe, Munster Technological University
Arlene Oak, University of Alberta
Maya Ober, University of Bern
Dietmar Offenhuber, Northeastern University
Susan Orr, York St John University
Natalia Orrego, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Anja Overdiek, The Hague University of Applied Sciences
Deger Ozkaramanli, University of Twente
Paul Pangaro, Carnegie Mellon University
Fabio Parasecoli, New York University
Stefano Parisi, Politecnico di Milano
Sandra Pauletto, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Owain Pedgley, Middle East Technical University
Amanda Perry-Kessaris, University of Kent
Ann Petermans, Hasselt University
Jean-Francois Petiot, Ecole Centrale de Nantes / LS2N
Robert Phillips, Robert Phillips
Silvia Pizzocaro, Politecnico di Milano
Austeja Platukyte, Kaunas University of Technology
Philip Plowright, Lawrence Technological University
Anna Pohlmeyer, TU Delft
Vesna Popovic, Queensland University of Technology
Keith Porcaro, Duke Law School
Kruakae Pothong, London School of Economics
Emmi Pouta, Aalto University
Sharon Prendeville, Loughborough University
Alison Prendiville, University of the Arts London
Rebecca Price, TU Delft
Ilse Prinsloo, University of Johannesburg
Sebastien Proulx, The Ohio State University
Larissa Pschetz, University of Edinburgh
Katelijn Quartier, Hasselt University
Cristobal Quezada, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Lucia Rampino, Politecnico di Milano
Charlie Ranscombe, Swinburne University of Technology
Yaone Rapitsenyane, University of Botswana
Sonja Rebecca Rattay, University of Copenhagen
Marion Real, Institute for Advanced Architecture Catalonia
Muralidhar Reddy, CMR University
Johan Redström, Umeå University
Pedro Reissig, University of Buenos Aires
Lizette Reitsma, Malmö University
Dina Riccò, Politecnico di Milano
Liz Richardson, University of Manchester
Davide Rocchesso, University of Palermo
Jules Rochielle Sievert, Northeastern University School of Law
Paul Rodgers, University of Strathclyde
Vanessa Rodrigues, Linköping University
Valentina Rognoli, Politecnico di Milano
Emilio Rossi, University of Lincoln
Arianna Rossi, University of Luxembourg
Adolfo Ruiz, MacEwan University
Anna Rylander Eklund, Chalmers University of Technology
juan Sadaba, University of the Basque Country
Noemi Sadowska, University of the Arts London
Jasmijn Sagel, University of Twente
Mahmoud Reza Saghafi, Art University of Isfahan
Fatina Saikaly, Co-Creando
Almila Akdag Salah, Utrecht University
Lara Salinas, University of the Arts London
Anne-Lene Sand, Design School Kolding
Erik Sandelin, Konstfack University of Arts, Crafts and Design
Laura Santamaria, Anglia Ruskin University
Aguinaldo Santos, Paraná Federal University
Joaquin Santuber, University of Potsdam
Rosana Sanz Segura, Zaragoza University
Nitin Sawhney, Aalto University
Laura Scherling, Columbia University
Scott Schmidt, Georgetown University
James Self, UNIST
Miguel Sicart, IT University of Copenhagen
Perline, Hwee Ling Siek, Sunway University
Luca Simeone, Aalborg University
wina Smeenk, Inholland, Applied University
Dirk Snelders, TU Delft
Camilo Soler-Caicedo, Loughborough University
Bjorn Sommer, Royal College of Art
Marie Louise Juul Søndergaard, The Oslo School of Architecture and Design
Binyang Song, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ricardo Sosa, Auckland University of Technology
Nicos Souleles, Cyprus University of Technology
Simone Spagnol, TU Delft
Chris Speed, University of Edinburgh
Eamon Spelman, Limerick School of Art & Design
Nicholas Spencer, Northumbria University
Gabriella Spinelli, Brunel University London
Pieter Jan Stappers, TU Delft
Ruth Stevens, Hasselt University
Qian Sun, Royal College of Art
Patrick Susini, IRCAM
Sally Sutherland, University of Brighton
Bettina von Stamm, Innovation Leadership Forum
Mateus van Stralen, Federal University of Minas Gerais
Ben Sweeting, University of Brighton
Elise Talgorn, Royal Philips / TU Delft
Linus Tan, Swinburne University of Technology
Hsien-Hui Tang, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
Andris Teikmanis, Art Academy of Latvia
Ida Telalbasic, Loughborough University London
Koldo Telleria-Andueza, University of the Basque Country
Jan Tepe, University of Borås
Tassy Thompson, University of South Eastern Norway
Alison Thomson, Queen Mary, University of London
Katja Thoring, Anhalt University
Sebnem Timur, Istanbul Technical University
Martín Tironi, Pontificie Universidad Católica de Chile
Nate Tkacz, The University of Warwick
Leandro Miletto Tonetto, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
Damla Tonuk, Middle East Technical University
James Tooze, University of Brighton
Robert Tovey, Loughborough University
Nynke Tromp, TU Delft
Emmanuel Tsekleves, Lancaster University
Tau Ulv Lenskjold, University of Southern Denmark
Julia Valle Noronha, Estonian Academy of Arts
Anna Vallgårda, IT University of Copenhagen
Nicholas Vanderschantz, University of Waikato
Theodora Vardouli, McGill University
Xanat Vargas Meza, University of Tsukuba
Rosana Vasques, University of the South Pacific
Federico Vaz, Loughborough University London
Arno Verhoeven, University of Edinburgh
Jouke Verlinden, University of Antwerp
Emilija Veselova, Aalto University
Arianna Vignati, University of New South Wales
John Vines, University of Edinburgh
Josina Vink, Oslo School of Architecture & Design
Joanne Vinke-de Kruijf, University of Twente
Klaasjan Visscher, University of Twente
Mascha van der Voort, University of Twente
Karel van der Waarde, Graphic Design Research
Thijs Waardenburg, University of Twente
Greg Walsh, University of Baltimore
Patrick Waterson, Loughborough University
Penelope Webb, Philips North America
Frithjof Wegener, TU Delft
Michelle Westerlaken, Cambridge University
Renee Wever, Linköping University
Judy Whipps, Grand Valley State University
Mikael Wiberg, Umea University
Danielle Wilde, University of Southern Denmark
Sabine Wildevuur, University of Twente
Alex Wilkie, Goldsmiths University of London
Anne-Marie Willis, University of Tasmania
Heather Wiltse, Umeå University
Suzanne Wint, Independent scholar
Joyce Yee, Northumbria University
Yuanyuan Yin, University of Southampton
Jinlong Yuan, Arizona State University
Paulina Yurman, University of the Arts London
Cristina Zaga, University of Twente
Cecilia Zecca, Royal College of Art
Yushan Zou, Southwest University
Wang Zunfu, Hunan University
Contents
Editorial: Welcome to DRS2022 1
1 Designing with bodily materials 5
2 Ethics as creativity in design 7
3 Wellbeing, happiness, and health (SIGWELL) 9
4 Biodesign 15
5 Graphics and spirituality 18
6 Tangible and embedded objects and practices (TENT SIG & OPEN SIG) 20
7 Schön's design inquiry: Pragmatist epistemology of practice 23
8 Design methods for sensing and experience 26
9 Sound and design 28
10 Design methods and transdisciplinary practices 33
11 Healthcare experience 40
12 Embodying experiential knowledge (Experiential SIG) 43
13 Design for behaviour change: Taking the long view fast (Behaviour 46
SIG)
14 Linking human and planetary health (Global Health SIG) 49
15 Rethinking design for a complex world 52
16 What Legal Design could be: Towards an expanded practice of inquiry, 60

critique, and action
17 Healthcare systems 65
18 Doing and undoing post-anthropocentric design 67
19 Design innovation and strategy 70
20 Curation, museums, and exhibition design 73
21 Design process / design theory 76
22 Design strategies for resilient organisations 78
23 Culture-sensitive design 81
24 Heritage and memorialisation 84
25 Meta-design in the complexity of global challenges 86
26 Sustainable design 90
27 Retail and brand design: Service futures, innovation, and intelligence 93

(DRSF SIG)
28 Futures of design education (Pluriversal Design SIG and Education 96

SIG)
29 Inclusive design practice and healthy ageing (Inclusive SIG) 103
30 Understanding play: Designing for emergence 109
31 Valuing the qualitative in design and data 114
32 Exploring online collaboration 120
33 Ageing 123
34 Design dematerialisation: Opportunities through reduction 126
35 Designing neighbourhoods: From the domestic to the community 129
36 Studio matters in design education (Education SIG) 132
37 Bias in design 135
38 User-centred design 137

DRS2022 Editorial
39 Designing new financial transactions: Theories, case studies, methods, 139

practice, and futures
40 Designing public organisations 142
41 Design education 145
42 Practice research in social design as a form of inquiry 147
43 Designing dialogue: Human-AI collaboration in design processes 151
44 Perspectives on climate change 154
45 Design for policy and governance (PoGo SIG) 157
46 Pasts, presents, and possible futures of design literacies 163
47 AI and the conditions of design: Towards a new set of design ideals 166
48 Framing practices in design 169
49 Creating connections: Social research of, for, and with design 172
50 Speculative design and futuring 175
51 Designing proximities 177
52 Food + design: Transformations via transversal and transdisciplinary 180

approaches
Editorial: Welcome to DRS2022
DRS2022 has been a labour of love and an article of faith. The long process of
preparing for the conference started in February 2020, as the pandemic began to take
hold and change our world forever. Throughout the following two and a half years we
have held our breath and had many doubts. We hoped that there would be a window
of time in summer 2022 where design researchers could once again reconnect in-
person. But we also wanted to learn the lessons that both coronavirus and climate
change have taught us. Academic conferences bring with them large environmental
footprints and we must either justify this or change, with our emphasis firmly on the
latter. Early in our planning, we decided to hold the conference in a hybrid format,
where in-person and online participants were valued equally, and with the
corresponding benefits of accessibility on the one hand, and a decreased
environmental footprint on the other. Our reasoning was that if any discipline could
develop a workable format for hybrid conferences, it should be design research. Our
experiences with both DRS2020—intended for Brisbane but held online—and the
innovative DRS Festival of Emergence—held in 2021—have allowed us to prototype
new approaches and shown us the way forward. With nearly 800 participants, online
and in-person, DRS2022 is the biggest and most ambitious DRS conference to date.
The technical challenge of treating all participants equally has been difficult and we
are not sure that we have succeeded, but we have certainly made a step in the right
direction.
DRS conferences have until now been hosted by a selected University but for
DRS2022 our host is the City of Bilbao, represented by the organization Bilbao
Ekintza, and in partnership with the local universities, led by the University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU. Bilbao is a UNESCO City of Design and the city saw the
benefit, as did the DRS, of holding a design research conference in an environment
that values design in all kinds of contexts; values aligned to those of the DRS. Design
research, of course, is not identical to design, and a central question in our early
meetings was what impact and legacy the conference could have on Bilbao and the
Basque region. Shouldn’t conferences be more than just a bunch of academics flying
across the world to a location where they present papers to each other, and then
leaving? We talked about how we could discuss and work on local issues that affect
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial

4.0 International Licence.
1
Dan Lockton, Sara Lenzi, Paul Hekkert, Arlene Oak, Juan Sádaba, Peter Lloyd
the Bilbao region but that also resonated globally; we talked about how to involve local
professionals and organisations in design research; and we talked about how to raise
awareness about the importance of design research. Both the new DRS Labs and the
keynote debates engage directly with these issues. The design of this conference has
been considered from many angles and in its final form we hope that we have struck a
good balance.
A central focus on academic quality in design research remains, with the paper
presentation once again forming the core of the conference. We started in July 2021
with a call for theme tracks, receiving 41 proposals, and selecting 31. Many were
familiar subject areas, but a significant number of new subjects have emerged. It
seems to us that design research is extending further outwards, bringing new
perspectives to disciplines such as anthropology, politics, economics, healthcare, and
others. The field continues to develop its core subject areas, with new methods,
approaches, technologies, and philosophies all evident in these proceedings. Also
emerging is a focus on how to deal with our uncertain futures, for example through
societal transitions, transdisciplinarity, transformations, and pluriversality. The themes
that have emerged for DRS2022 represent a rich snapshot of the current state of the
art in world design research.
The richness of content presented another problem, however. How do we prevent so
many interesting sub-disciplines from fragmenting the field of design research? There
is a real danger that we end up in small, specialised communities of researchers talking
to ourselves. That may be necessary and desirable in some cases, but the risk is that
we lose the shape and understanding of the discipline as a whole. At this point, with
the hoped-for return to (pre-Covid) ‘normality’ imminent we felt that something
different, as a conference format, was needed. Our solution has been to extend the
conference over a longer period of time and have fewer parallel tracks. Previous
conferences have had up to ten parallel tracks with participants effectively
experiencing very different conferences, in terms of content, depending on which
stream of tracks they selected. Taking more time with fewer parallel tracks means that
sessions at DRS2022 may be better attended, with more people exposed to ideas that
they might not have come across with more tracks. Holding the conference over a
longer period of time allows for more coherence, discussion, and learning, while also
creating opportunities for the informal networking where future research partnerships
and initiatives are forged.
Our call for papers resulted in 588 full paper submissions which all received at least
two peer reviews (and with a large proportion receiving three peer reviews, which
helped to further drive-up the quality of final papers). In total 1308 reviews were
written by the international board of reviewers. All authors were able to provide
feedback and rate their peer reviews. An average score of 6/10 (for both accepted and
rejected papers) suggests that reviewing was acceptable, but that more work needs to
2
DRS2022 Editorial
be done in nurturing the reviewer community. Following peer review, 81 papers were
accepted, 236 were provisionally accepted pending revision, and 271 papers were
rejected. At the conclusion of the review process, we accepted 317 papers for
presentation and publication in the DRS Digital Library. This represents an acceptance
rate of 54%. We think this strikes a good balance between publishing high-quality
research and allowing a broad variety of contemporary issues and concerns in design
research to be made available.
Design researchers must continue to strive to produce high-quality research: research

that is carefully argued and evidence-based. While some conferences approach design
research in more of a ‘show and tell’ manner, with DRS conferences we aim for
research that is contextualised and argued in a way which will have a greater long-
term impact. Many of the papers in this conference demonstrate these qualities. We
should continue to bear in mind the distinction between design research and design
itself. Design research is different from design, though it clearly depends on design
and design activities for its meaning. Good design research asks well considered
questions and answers them in interesting, innovative, and rigorous ways. Good design
research leaves a legacy for others to build on.
One community of design researchers deserves a special mention in this respect, and
that is the community of PhD researchers who now make up a substantial part of the
DRS membership and design research more generally. This is a community that has
grown considerably over past years, forming the next generation of design
researchers. For many PhD researchers, who have become used to online conferences
through the pandemic, DRS2022 is the first opportunity to participate in a conference
in person and experience the benefits that can result—new ideas, new colleagues, new
opportunities—that online conferences have sometimes struggled to recreate. Many
older academics can trace important developments in their career to conferences. The
progress of the design research PhD has been significant in recent years and is on
show at DRS2022. PhD researchers are tackling contemporary subjects in new and
exciting ways, in many cases surpassing previous generations with their insight.
We should also note how the DRS itself has developed in the past two years, since
governance changes have allowed a more international and inclusive organization to
take shape. This is also reflected in the geographical make-up in the production of the
conference, with authors and reviewers participating from 64 countries; the majority
are from Europe and the USA, with the top five countries being the UK (19%), the USA
(12%), The Netherlands (10%), Denmark (6%) and Italy (6%). Notable countries for
increased contributions are China (4%) and India (2%).
The biennial conference remains the major event for the DRS as an organisation, but
we now have a healthy ecosystem of Special Interest Groups, Networks, and
communities all offering events and initiatives of their own. We have a more active
membership and opportunities for regular communications between members.
3
Supporting recent developments in the DRS has been our open access Digital Library:
in place since 2020, the Library is now a central hub for disseminating design
research. The Library is also a place where we can connect with and promote other
design research communities. For example, the recent partnership with Nordes (Nordic
Design Research), for example, has made more widely available a high-quality
catalogue of design research.
We hope that DRS2022 will be a celebration of new ideas, of new connections, of
increasing diversity, and of ways of doing things together that many have missed
intensely. We also welcome opportunities for new, hybrid approaches to gathering. We
should certainly look back and celebrate what we have achieved as a discipline but
above all we should look forward to the potential that design research has in helping
us to see older disciplines from new perspectives, to translate concepts and methods
between fields, and to enable technologies to bring people together through new
communicative formats. We hope that the ideas shared and the relationships created
at DRS2022—whether in person, online, or a combination of both—will be powerful
catalysts for design research’s positive contributions to the future.
Acknowledgements
We have many people to thank in making DRS2022 happen. Above all, we have to
thank everyone at Bilbao Ekintza, and especially Carolina Gutiérrez Gabriel, for her
commitment, energy, trust, and professionalism. We have had many meetings, and
grown into a highly effective team. It has been a joy to work together and with the
amazing City of Bilbao. We would also like to thank the University of the Basque
Country and other local universities who provided resources and allowed their staff
to contribute to DRS2022.
We owe a special debt of gratitude to all the Theme Track Chairs who have put so
much time and effort into producing their themes, as well as to the Reviewers who
provided constructive criticism to help develop individual paper. And then, of
course, we thank all the authors themselves who submitted their work for review.
Some have been accepted and some rejected but we hope all have grown from the
experience and will participate in future DRS conferences.
Finally, we should also thank two TU Delft Master’s students: Caroline Häger wrote
her thesis on the design of academic conferences in the future, which provided
valuable inspiration for us as we planned DRS2022 as a hybrid event; and, Lenny
Martinez Dominguez worked countless hours—right up to the last moment—to
format papers for the conference proceedings.
DRS2022 Proceedings Editors:
4
1 Designing with bodily materials
Session chairs
Laura Devendorf, Marie Louise Juul Søndergaard, and Madeline Balaam
Editorial
Marie Louise Juul Søndergaard and Madeline Balaam
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1053
More-than-human fluid speculations

Paulina Yurman
Central St Martin's College of Art and Design, United Kingdom
This paper shares speculative questions and ideas that emerged from considerations
about bodily fluids and other related fluids as materials used for drawing and as
materials related to the subject of a drawing. Partly informed by post-humanist
perspectives that view human agency as entangled with other non-human material
agencies, this paper presents short experiments in drawing that have prompted
reflections about the ways in which knowledge is partial, situated and influenced by
other forms of knowledge.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.418
Designing hair
Saúl Baeza, Kristina Andersen, Oscar Tomico
ELISAVA Research, Spain; Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Hair forms an evolving boundary between the inside and the outside of the body, it is
both separate from us and a part of us. At the same time it is strongly directed by
culture and norms. With this project, we disturb and shift these norms by describing a
set of speculative design explorations on hair. We describe these explorations and
outline the practices and techniques that are emerging. As such this paper constitutes
a report of a set of explorations and points towards the possibility of hair as an arena
for designerly work.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.440
5
Designing with chemical haptics
Jasmine Lu
University of Chicago, United States of America
Designers have developed a vast array of rich interactions to stimulate the mind and
body. While much of the focus has been on creating visual systems (such as in VR),
there is increasing interest in developing ways to reproduce touch sensations. This
turn suggests a desire to create interactive experiences that involve our whole bodies
and not solely our visual senses. However, a major part of the human sensorium has
been neglected: our chemosensory systems, the sensory pathways that respond to
chemical stimuli. Chemical receptors exist all throughout our body and are embedded
throughout our skin. In this paper, I discuss my recent explorations in chemosensory
interfaces for the skin and what possibilities it enables for the interaction design
community. I outline my process of designing with these sensations, discuss how the
chemical haptics approach induces uniquely complex sensations, and speculate on
chemosensory design futures.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.649
Objects of care
Sasha de Koninck, Laura Devendorf
University of Colorado Boulder, United States of America
This paper describes a workshop activity intended to cultivate attention to bod-ies
and care. Constructed as a card-deck, the “Objects of Care” activity prompts its
players to look more closely at the objects in their lives, notice signs of care in those
objects and re-think their relationships with said objects. We believe the card deck,
based on the interactions we’ve had with it thus far, offers a few insights for prompting
attention to bodily interactions by focusing on the way they manifest in textiles. This
tended to have the effect of prompting people to take time with the old and “gross”
and see them as rich historical artifacts, a kind of archaeology of the body constructed
through the marks and smells it left on textiles.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.794
6
2 Ethics as creativity in design
Session chairs and Editorial

Wouter Eggink and Steven Dorrestijn
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1067
Biodesign for a culture of life: Of microbes, ethics, and design

Rachel Armstrong
KU Leuven, Belgium
Scientific advances at the turn of the new millennium brought radical new insights into
just how microbial our world is and the extent to which microbes influence our lives:
from notions of the body (human microbiome); to their distribution in our living spaces
(microbiome of the built environment); playing an integral role in ecosystems services
in our cities (urban microbiome) and are fundamental to biogeochemical cycles—our
world is irreducibly microbial. This paper asks what it means to dwell and design in
such times and proposes an ethics for biodesign: which employs the insights and tools
of the biotechnological age to generate new, ecologically beneficial forms of design,
where microbes are the new “workhorses.”
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.144
Ethics, design, and creativity: A fruitful combination

Wouter Eggink; Steven Dorrestijn; Karin van der Heijden; Ilse Ouwens
University of Twente, The Netherlands; Saxion University of Applied Sciences, The
Netherlands; Cibap, Vocational School for Design, The Netherlands
In the context of the designers responsibility for the impact of technology, ethical
considerations are important. However, these considerations are often seen as limiting
innovation and the freedom of the designer. Is it possible, on the contrary, that ethics
can also foster creativity in design? The research project Tech-Wise is about a
practice oriented approach in ethics; developing tools to engage people with ethical
deliberation on the impact of technology. One result of the project is a workshop
format for stimulating ethical deliberation that can be tailored to particular
technologies and design disciplines.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.158
7
Plagiarism or reference? Exploring the detection criteria and
solutions of visual design plagiarism
Shenglan Cui; Fang Liu; Yinman Guo; Wei Wang
Hunan University, China
Visual plagiarism occurs frequently and is often controversial. This paper conducts an
exploratory study to discuss detection criteria and solutions for visual plagiarism.
Since visual design involves many fields, considering the ubiquity and diversity of
posters, we explore plagiarism based on poster design. We summarize the eight main
elements which compose a poster artwork and discuss eight factors that influence
plagiarism evaluation from two aspects of “Evaluation Standard” and “Evaluation
Method.” We discussed possible solutions based on technology and tools to detect
visual plagiarism better and track artwork, supporting a good online design sharing
environment.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.776
Ethics through Design

Maria Alejandra Luján Escalante, Luke Moffat, Monika Büscher
University of the Arts London, United Kingdom; Lancaster University, United Kingdom
Ethics through Design (EtD) uses co-design methods to create, facilitate and nurture
anticipatory capabilities for research and innovation, responsive to both society and
environment. In practice, EtD problematizes both Ethics and Design. This paper draws
upon ethics of technology, specifically the work of Gilbert Simondon, to formulate
principles of co-design facilitation. EtD understands ethics, beyond regulation and
administrative ticking-box exercises, as contextual, creative and participatory ongoing
processes. EtD has been developed within Disaster and Risk Management (DRM) and
Emergency Response domains, over 7 years of working in partnership with emergency
response practitioners, policymakers, academics across disciplines, standardization
organizations and key IT developer companies.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.400
8
3 Wellbeing, happiness, and health (SIGWELL)
Session chairs
Leandro Tonetto, Rebecca Cain, and Ann Petermans
Editorial
Ann Petermans, Tiiu Poldma, Rebecca Cain, Deger Ozkaramanli-Leerkes, Leandro
Tonetto, Anna Pohlmeyer, Marc Hassenzahl, Matthias Laschke, and Pieter Desmet
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1062
“What makes you feel relaxed in nature?”: Exploring nature-based

stimuli as inspiration for designing relaxing experiences
Chan Mi Kim, Thomas J. L. Van Rompay, Geke D. S. Ludden
University of Twente, The Netherlands
Nature experiences promote relaxation and wellbeing. To bring these benefits to
people with limited access to nature, digital technologies can be used to provide
nature experiences. However, we do not yet completely understand which exact
qualities of nature and what mechanisms are involved in eliciting relaxation. To close
this gap, we conducted a diary exercise (n=25) to explore interactions and qualities
that stimulate relaxation in nature. Results revealed a typology comprising three
pathways to promote relaxation through nature experiences: relaxation by sensing,
thinking, and doing. In addition, 8 sensorial and 6 contextual qualities were identified,
and a visual summary was made that can support designers in applying nature-based
stimuli to the design of digital nature with relaxing effects.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.454
Embodiments of compassion in caring and non-caring products:

Exploring design for values with a multisensory approach
Benedetta Lusi, Geke Dina Simone Ludden, Randy Klaassen, Charlotte Marie van
Lotringen, Matthijs Noordzij
This paper explores how to design for the value of compassion by means of multi-
sensory design. It reports on a study with 77 university students, carried out in the
context of a design master course. The study, divided in two phases, focuses on: 1)
9
identifying sensory qualities as requirements to design for the value of compassion; 2)
embedding these requirements in caring and non-caring products. To describe the
design process, we present a student-led case study. Subsequently, we analyse the
results of the study and critically reflect on the different expressions of compassion
and competing values. This paper provides methodological exploration into designing
for values, and practical experimentation on embedding compassion in design. Finally,
it contributes to research on designing compassionate technology for wellbeing and
healthcare.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.288
Healthricious: Improving an existing mobile app for healthy eating

to support groups at risk of COVID-19
Sander Hermsen
OnePlanet Research Center, The Netherlands
Urgent health issues, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, require rapid responses based
on scientific evidence. Improving existing solutions is often faster, more effective and
cheaper than developing new ones. This paper describes a case study consisting of a
design cycle aimed at improving an existing design, a mobile app, to better support at-
risk groups with healthy nutrition, to reduce risk of debilitating consequences of
COVID-19. The design process consisted of five phases: user research (lived
experience), expert consultations (learned experience), behavioural analysis of the
original design, development of a new iteration, and delivery & evaluation. The case
study showed that the design process indeed made an evidence-driven rapid iteration
possible, and may serve as building blocks for developing a method for improving
existing designs. Difficulties also arose, especially in the trade-off between rigour and
completeness on the one hand, and budget and time constraints on the other.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.159
With or without emoji? The effect of emoji on risk perception and

preventive behaviors in health information
Tingyi S. Lin, Yue Luo
National Taiwan University of Science & Technology, Taiwan
For nearly a decade, emoji have been widely used as a substitute for nonverbal clues in
computer mediated communication, especially in social media. Although the use of
emoji in health communication via social media is becoming pervasive, the influences
of using emoji in health information on information receivers’ perceptions and behavior
has not been fully studied. In order to discover these influences, this study collected
210 Taiwanese self-statement questionnaires for analysis during the COVID-19 period
in Taiwan in 2021. It adopted a 2x2 between-subject design to examine and respond
to the research questions. The results verified the enhancement effect of the use of
emoji in health information and the moderation effect of the information source. In the
emoji condition, health information leads to a higher level of risk perception at
10
receivers' personal and societal levels. It also enhances the receivers' preventive
behavior intention. This experiment revealed an interaction effect between emoji and
information source on preventive behavioral intention, namely that emoji work better
on health information issued by unofficial organizations. The results provide
indications and suggestions for how and when to use emoji effectively to design and
deliver health information.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.148
Design for patient empowerment: Guidelines to design for

supporting the self-management of people living with chronic
conditions
Teksin Kopanoglu, Katie Beverley, Dominic Eggbeer, Andrew Walters
CSAD Cardiff School of Arts and Design, Cardiff Metropolitan University, United
Kingdom; PDR International Centre for Design and Research, Cardiff Metropolitan
University, United Kingdom
Management of a chronic condition can be challenging, yet expectations from patients
towards self-management have been increasing. Patient empowerment in chronic
condition care has been gaining attention as a way of increasing the quality of life of
patients and sustaining the limited resources of healthcare services. Design has the
potential to facilitate empowerment through the designed products and services, yet
how this can be achieved has not been fully explored. In this paper, we investigate
empowerment from the patient’s perspective and present design guidelines to
facilitate empowerment. A design research approach was followed utilising design
probes. Research methods include observation, interview, cultural probe and co-
making workshop. The study was conducted with people living with a chronic
condition called lymphoedema and their healthcare providers. This study presents
that, patient empowerment is beyond increased power in decision-making, and is
associated with everyday life with its competing priorities and un-prescribed
adaptations to self-management. We propose that an individual’s readiness for
empowerment should be considered to provide the right support at the right time for
the patient. In this study, the rich everyday chronic condition experiences are
transferred into design guidelines to contribute to the development of future self-
management support.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.530
A case study of medicalized wellness clinic design process and

result in the context of an emerging wellness service market
Jinoh Park, Damhui Kim
University of Arkansas, United States of America; clinic.eausoeroc
This study presents a comprehensive design process of a medicalized wellness service
clinic design project aligned with the emerging wellness service market. The project
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designer, who has a background in design research, design management, and interior
design, utilized an evidence-based design framework to integrate the intangible
wellness service provision sequence into the tangible design language. In addition, the
project client, who is familiar with the evidence-based medicine framework,
participated in the programming and schematic design phases of the evidence-based
design framework. As a result, the project designer and client implemented a
medicalized wellness service space that integrates concepts of Hospitality, Hospital,
and Wellness. Consequently, this study discusses a case of demonstrating the value
of design through the integration of results from multi-disciplinary communication and
decision-making processes in the emerging market for wellness services.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.309
Potential benefits of designing Immersive technologies to reduce

anxiety in the perioperative patient journey
Nikou Javadi, Ian Gwilt, Aaron Davis
University of South Australia, Australia
This research investigates if virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) technologies can
be used to help people cope with the anxiety associated with a surgical procedure in
the patient health care journey. Perioperative anxiety is a natural response to surgery
stress which may happen at any point before or after a surgical procedure. Research
has shown that high level of perioperative anxiety are a potential health and recovery
threat for a patient due to the effects on psychologic and physiologic responses. The
concept of Digital Health is increasingly playing a more substantial role in health care
provision and there is a body of research showing that technology-based therapeutic
tools can play an effective, acceptable, and cost- effective role in many aspects of
health care delivery. Through a series of multistakeholder engagement activities, this
research aims to devising a set of guiding principles and practices for the design and
application of AR/VR interventions in the clinical setting. This paper presents the
findings from a Policy Delphi study, conducted with healthcare professionals working
in perioperative environments.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.491
Investigating the design opportunities for mood self-tracking and

regulating
Renate Overdijk, Deniz Iren, Armağan Karahanoğlu
University of Twente, The Netherlands; Actionable Research Center, Open Universiteit,
The Netherlands; Faculty of Engineering Technology, Interaction Design Research
Group, University of Twente, The Netherlands
Many studies have demonstrated the positive impact of self-tracking technology on
people’s health and wellbeing. Research on the effects of the tools for tracking moods
to create awareness of people’s affective health is also gaining attention. In addition,
studies show that people are open to using tools that contribute to sharing their
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moods and reflecting on them. In this paper, we aim to contribute to this emerging
field. We carried out a three-phase study (i.e., exploratory survey, co-creation, and
testing) with a total of 46 participants to explore preferred ways of mood tracking and
the ways design can support these ways. By presenting the results of each phase, we
show how design studies can contribute to mood tracking and sharing studies.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.522
Fragments of frictions: A route to spatial manoeuvres for uplifting

wellbeing in school environments
Ruth Stevens
Hasselt University, Belgium
In the context of design for human flourishing (DfHF), this paper reports on a two-
week research-by-design-and-built project by master students in (interior) ar-
chitecture. A cocktail of qualitative research experiments was executed to function as
a seismograph that registered fragments of frictions in the wellbeing of K-8 pupils.
This particular study firstly explains how the research cocktail was designed, based on
the ethnographic, participatory and immersive methods infused by the theoretical
guidelines of DfHF theory, and secondly seeks to reveal how an analysis of the well-
being related results from the experiment cocktail can lead to a novel type of design
problem statement and thus design brief, defined by a richer understanding of the link
between human flourishing and the spatial surroundings of school children. Next, the
paper illustrates its merit by reporting on the design realization following the re-search.
The paper concludes by stating the values for wellbeing theory, architectural practice
and school designs.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.412
Secret dance and bring light: Enhancing user autonomy with

directional ambiguity in positive emotion regulation interventions
Jeremy Faulk, Oluwanifemi Oluwadairo, JungKyoon Yoon
Cornell University, United States of America
This case study summarizes the development of a self-administered behavioral inter-
vention for positive emotion regulation (PER) that gives users the freedom to choose
their own positive behaviors. In contrast to the predominant practice of prescribing
pos-itive behaviors (e.g., “keep a gratitude journal”), we explore whether — and how —
open-ended instructions could permit users to self-select such behaviors themselves.
Employing a research-through-design approach over 4 iterations, our interventions
utilize ambiguous prompts (e.g., ‘secret dance’ and ‘bring light’) intended to inspire
users to first envision and then perform self-selected positive behaviors during their
day-to-day lives. The authors engage in self-reflective exercises and/or collect user
feedback with each iteration to inform purposeful design choices intended to enhance
user autonomy, interest, and subjective well-being. The case study concludes with a
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discussion of process-focused lessons for designers along with future research
directions for enhancing user autonomy in behavioral interventions for PER.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.682
Tinder and heartbeats: Wellbeing in the use of dating applications

Petra Salaric, Rebecca Cain, Emilene Zitkus, Valentijn Visch
Loughborough University, United Kingdom; Delft University of Technology, The
Netherlands
Currently, there are more than 1500 dating applications, allowing people to connect
with a single swipe. However, there is a rising concern about the behaviour encouraged
by these digital forms of interactions in relation to negative effects on user wellbeing.
Using an evocative autoethnographic approach combined with literature review, this
study aimed to explore potential connections between the interaction design, user
interactions, and user experiences within dating applications by following weekly
experiences over four dating applications. The experiences were recorded with a
journal, then explored using emotion capture cards, and visualised in emotionally
mapped timelines. It was found that even within the first forty-five minutes of using
the dating applications, significant negative emotions were experienced by the
researcher. This study calls for more efforts and research from the design perspective
to create interactions that are mindful and that nourish the wellbeing of users and
support healthy and steady relationship developments.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.543
14
4 Biodesign
Session chair and co-chair

Anna Vallgårda and Sofie Boons
Method of mapping interdisciplinary research and practice at the

intersection of biology and design
Veronika Kapsali
University of Arts London, United Kingdom
Ubiquitous, multi-meaning terms used to describe new ideas, finding etc, presents a
significant barrier for cross-disciplinary discourse especially between the arts and
sciences. The research presented in this paper tackles the problem of terminological
disharmony specifically within the process of contextualising creative design practice
informed by biological science and/or its applications. The study is implemented in
three stages; lexical semantic theories and methods are applied to corpus-based
investigations to assess the scope of biologically informed disciplines (BID)
terminology; results are analysed using statistical and qualitative methods and
mapped against known academic domains; the resulting map is evaluated via the
analysis and consequent positioning of practice-based biologically informed textile
research. The findings suggest that the experimental framework enables the
presentation of work within an established network of theories and concepts with
transparent disciplinary connections. As such, presents an new method of mapping
design practice within the BID landscape that mitigates terminological disharmony.
View Paper: https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.150
Sustainable approaches to textile design: lessons from biology

Veronika Kapsali, Cathryn Hall
University of Arts London, United Kingdom
Models such as the circular economy, offer guidance to actors from the fashion and
textile industry on how to navigate the negative environmental, ethical, and social
impacts of the sector’s current and historic practices. The principles underpinning
these models originate from the intersection of biology and general systems theory
and have provided us with valuable alternative paradigms via a top-down lens. This
paper seeks to explore the potential for additional insight into sustainable textile
15
design practice from biology by reviewing sustainable design principles emerging from
top-down (ecology + systems view) within the context of a bottom-up (biology +
engineering) approach. The results suggest a novel practice-based conceptual
framework that could enable textile designers to better understand and mitigate the
impacts of resource efficiency, longevity and recovery of their design decisions.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.199
Bio-based plastics in durable applications: the future of

sustainable product design? A design review
Puck Bos, Conny Bakker, Ruud Balkenende, Benjamin Sprecher
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
This design review evaluates the use of bio-based plastics in durable consumer
products. The main question is: how does the use of bio-based plastics influence the
product’s design, functionality, marketing & communication, and sustainability?
Although higher material prices would lead one to expect that higher value
applications would be targeted, research shows bio-based plastics are mainly used in
short-lived applications like packaging. This study investigates their use in durable
consumer products through a design review. The results indicate that bio-based
plastic usage is still in its early days in durable products. Bio-based plastics appear to
be utilized as straightforward replacement of fossil-based plastic. Designers are not
yet using the unique properties of bio-based plastics in the design of their products.
Companies mainly exploit the green image of bio-based plastics in their marketing &
communication. Their focus is on the renewable feedstock and not on sourcing, or on
recovery at end-of-life.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.284
Living with living artefacts: Six concepts for designing user

acceptance of living artefacts
Simone van den Broek, Alwin de Rooij, Michel van Dartel
Centre of Applied Research for Art, Design and Technology, Avans University of
Applied Sciences
Bio-designers are exploring how living organisms can become vital aspects of the
design and use of an artefact. These new living artefacts have qualities, needs, design
opportunities and relationships with the user that differ from nonliving artefacts. To
design for user acceptance of living artefacts into daily life, designers must develop an
understanding for why a user wishes to live with living artefacts. This starts with an
understanding of why humans have been living with other living beings throughout
history. These reasons have been examined through a semi-systematic review of
literature across diverse research fields.
Qualitative thematic analysis suggests that the benefits of Biophilia, Care and
Meaning and those of Performing tasks, Source of material and Knowledge & skill, are
essential to why humans live with other living beings. Based on these six concepts,
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eight design guidelines are proposed for designing user acceptance of living artefacts
into daily life.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.261
New perspectives in fashion sustainability through the use of

bacterial cellulose
Patrizia Bolzan, Daria Casciani, Arianna Regaglia
Politecnico di Milano, Department of Design, Italy; Politecnico di Milano, School of
Design, Italy
Fashion constitutes a sector with a high environmental impact, particularly because of
shorter product life cycles and an exponential increase in the speed of production and
in the number of goods created, sold, or unconsumed and thrashed. This paper aims to
explore new perspectives of design and production processes toward environmental,
social, and cultural sustainability through bio-fabrication. After an analysis of the
context of reference and a review of existing literature, the research focuses on
experimentation with bacterial cellulose (BC) to investigate the limits and potentials of
controlled growth, waste processing and integration, accessories creation and
recyclability, and the assembly/disassembly of clothing and/or accessories at the end
of life.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.793
Is This Alive? - Towards a Vocabulary for Understanding and

Communicating Living Material Experiences
Hazal Ertürkan, Elvin Karana, Ruth Mugge
Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology; CARADT, Avans
University of Applied Sciences
Living materials are a nascent material class where living organisms are embedded
and kept alive in the design outcome to achieve novel functionalities, expressions, and
interactions. Experiential characterisation studies with potential end-users will provide
insights for developing these novel materials for meaningful material applications.
Nevertheless, the current literature lacks a vocabulary to communicate and discuss
living materials in user studies. To bridge this gap, our paper presents the
development of a “Living Materials Vocabulary” consisting of 45 descriptive items.
Through a term frequency analysis of relevant literature and in-depth interviews with
eight biodesigners, we identified a set of descriptions which we clustered under five
themes: origin, making, agency and autonomy, temporality, and impact of living
materials. We selected representative items from these themes to compile our final
vocabulary. We discuss how our vocabulary can be operationalised in living material
characterisation studies and further inspire future biodesign practice.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.796
17
5 Graphics and spirituality

Estelle Berger and Tim Cowlishaw
Design as posture: Developing enlightened subjectivity with the

philosophy of Yoga
Estelle Berger
Strate School of Design, France
This research aims at supporting designers in developing a both embodied and
reflective posture in practice – referred to as “enlightened subjectivity”. A dialogue is
set up between the Samkhya, an early Buddhist philosophy at the basis of Yoga, and
the design discipline. Grounded in practical experience, this inspirational framework
allows approaching the sense-making process occurring in practice, through
perception, understanding, action, and relation. This is sustained by professional
posture, the specific way in which one invests their activity, giving it substance,
meaning and justification. Implications for design education relate to increasing
awareness among designers on their own posture, and learning to adjust it in different
situations to achieve union – the meaning of “yoga”. Reflection is prompted on the use
of tools and methods, on the meaning of action in design, and on the development of
professional identity.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.222
Visual communication design as a form of mindfulness-based

intervention
Jesvin Puay-Hwa Yeo, Chua-Tee Teo, Reuben Tan
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
The paper explores the effects of mindfulness-based design interventions to help
children better self-regulate their emotions. It attempts to ascertain if the use of
prototype designs could further enhance the children’s awareness or mindfulness, and
emotional wellbeing. Children’s emotional and behavioural problems have become a
growing concern. These problems are related to the difficulties children face in
controlling their emotions, which may lead to psychological problems in adulthood.
This indicates the need to help children understand feelings and how to self-regulate
18
emotions. A pilot design project was conducted to explore the connection between
mindfulness-based practice and emotion regulation in children to develop usable
mindfulness-based prototype designs. Preliminary findings indicate storytelling to be a
mindfulness-based prototype design that can benefit children in terms of emotional
regulation. To fully realize the potential of mindfulness-based design interventions may
require the development of more robust and rigorous activities and thorough analysis.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.748
Graphic design and artificial intelligence: Interdisciplinary

challenges for designers in the search for research collaboration
Yaron Meron
University of Sydney, Australia
The introduction of electronic publishing, multimedia, the web and social media have
influenced and presented challenges for graphic design. Now the implementation of
artificial intelligence (AI) features within graphic design software enables practitioners
to automate many design processes. However, this threatens to deskill the profession
and create a second tier of ‘non-professional’ designers, particularly within less
creative work that emphasises fast turnover and functional artefact production.
Research at the intersection of AI and graphic design has been led by computer
scientists. This paper argues, from a designer’s perspective, that a paucity of scholarly
engagement by graphic designers with their own practice and of AI research has
resulted in computer scientists defaulting to functional approaches to design.
Acknowledging that discursive and methodological differences between computer
science and graphic design renders interdisciplinary collaboration problematic, this
paper places the onus on design practitioners and researchers to engage with
research into AI-supported graphic design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.157
19
6 Tangible and embedded objects and practices
(TENT SIG & OPEN SIG)

Miriam Sturdee and Carmem Saito
Editorial
Tom Fisher and Sarah Kettley
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1074
A More-than-Human Right-to-Repair
Michael Stead, Paul Coulton
Imagination, Lancaster University, United Kingdom
Whilst the recent introduction of the Right-to-Repair to European citizens is
undoubtedly a step forward in tackling planned obsolescence, and the resultant
deluge of electronic product waste — the efficacy of this new legislation is reliant on
consumers availing themselves of this right. Given that repairing and maintaining
devices will often require specialist knowledge and skills, it is difficult to assess how
effective this right may prove to be in practice. To address this concern, we draw from
the expanding infusion of datafication and Artificial Intelligence into everyday products
and services via the Internet of Things to consider alternative futures whereby the
Right-to-Repair is granted to the device itself. Building upon More-than-Human-
Centred Design approaches, we explore the potential embodiment for such a
perspective and present two Speculative Designs that concretise this consideration:
the Toaster for Life and The Three Rights of AI Things.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.718
Experiencing interactive ecologies

Yeup Hur, Panos Markopoulos, Miguel Bruns
Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
IoT devices can be characterised by complex intertwined interactions between
devices, users, and the environment. As these devices become more dynamic and
widely connected, designing for such complex ecologies requires a holistic approach
20
with a consideration of diverse perspectives on the interactions between all actants
connected to and through these devices. To support designers in this challenge, we
propose a design approach that can help them explore the nature of the interactions
and connections within this complex interactive ecology. The design approach
borrows its underlying design considerations from somaesthetics and post-
anthropocentric design to support experiential design exploration. The implemented
design approach resulted in a collaborative choreography of interactions among users
and devices. The result suggests that the current design approach provided designers
with an opportunity to explore, experience, and understand a broader range of
perspectives that are essential for designing complex interactive ecologies.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.331
Experiencing mundane AI Futures

Matthew Pilling, Paul Coulton, Thomas Lodge, Andy Crabtree, Alan Chamberlain
Lancaster University, United Kingdom; Nottingham University, United Kingdom
Whilst popular visions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are often presented through the lens
of sentient machines, our lived experience of AI is more mundane and exemplified by
so-called ‘smart’ products and services. Whilst this mundane reality is often presented
using design approaches that make their operation appear simple and innocuous,
these smart systems, and the data they use and collect, can challenge and even
disrupt ordinary expectations. Our ability to manage smart technologies effectively is
key to the field of Human Data Interaction (HDI), which seeks to shape systems design
and empower users by implementing core principles of legibility, agency and
negotiability. However, how these principles manifest in practice is yet to be fully
understood. We seek to understand key challenges confronting HDI by situating smart
products and services in everyday life and creating a mundane experiential future that
houses AI in a caravan for evaluation with the general public.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.283
How smart clothing can mediate the space between users and
their environment, a case study using face masks
Stijn Ossevoort, Miguel Bruns
Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Augmenting clothes with sensors and actuators and turning them into smart clothes,
offers new possibilities to mediate the space between users and their environment.
The current COVID pandemic provides an ideal research opportunity, given that it
challenges conventional norms of personal distance. We developed hairs with LEDs
showing six types of dynamic behaviour as a research vehicle and mounted them onto
face masks, commonly used during the pandemic. A qualitative phenomenological
study was conducted with six subjects. The interview data from their experiences was
analysed using the ‘framework of context’ from environmental psychology. We
uncover three modes by which smart clothes can influence the user-environment
21
context: to increase the perception of the body; to alter the perception of space; or as
a medium to communicate with our environment. The findings are interpreted to
discuss new opportunities for the design of smart clothing that play an active role in
mediating the user-environment context.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.610
Designing experiences for IoT Products: A case study testing

existing UX frameworks
Zidong Lin, Ashley Hall, Bjorn Sommer
Royal College of Art, United Kingdom
IoT products are believed to be a new type of things that combine both material and
immaterial resources. Their unique attributes can result in user experiences strongly
differing from traditional products, imposing new design challenges. This study aims to
1) test whether existing UX frameworks are applicable to IoT products in design
practices, 2) identify essential elements in experience design for IoT products, and 3)
explore new associated experience design opportunities. We conducted a workshop
including 25 design-engineering students testing two UX frameworks. The participants
designed new experiences for a representative IoT product (i.e., smartwatch) in the
workshop and presented the experience scenarios by role-playing, revealing existing
frameworks’ insufficiencies and highlighting how interactions in an IoT network
influenced experiences. The study critically discusses whether pleasurable elements
should be prioritised in IoT products' experience design and how the agency of IoT
products can be a tool for designers to shape experiences.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.593
22
7 Schön's design inquiry:
Pragmatist epistemology of practice

Frithjof Wegener and Brian Dixon
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1069
Remaking the social: Dialogical, creative, and cooperative

capacities of thought at Hull House
Matthew DelSesto
Boston College, United States of America
While social research is often positioned as a way to reflect social realities or develop
theories for specialized fields through analyzing empirical evidence, based on data that
is extracted from communities, Jane Addams points to a different mode of inquiry.
This chapter introduces the theories and practices of the Hull House as an iterative
and experimental process of inquiry— creating new knowledge in and through action,
in a process of facing down pressing social challenges. In particular it uses examples
from the Hull House— which involved the design of the working people’s social science
club, exhibitions on the industrial condition, and spaces for solidarity across class
lines—to demonstrate the dialogical, creative, and cooperative potentials of social
thought in the practice of Jane Addams and Hull House. Implications are explored in
regards to what the model of Addams and Hull House can contribute to modes of
social thought and design inquiry today.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.289
Touch ground: Introducing design inquiry in higher education

Guido Stompff, Manon Joosten, Andrea Prince, Marleen Claessens,
Willy Geurts, Anja Köppchen
Inholland University of Applied sciences, The Netherlands; Hogeschool van
Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Discovery Museum, The Netherlands
In higher education, design thinking is often taught as a process. Yet design cognition
resides in action and design practices. Dewey’s pragmatism offers a solid
epistemology for design thinking. This paper describes a design research whereby
Dewey’s inquiry served as the foundation for educating students. Three extensive
23
educational case studies are presented whereby a design inquiry was introduced and
became part of the curricula. It was found that students and coaches struggled with
doubts experienced as a result of the co-evolution of problem and solution, means and
ends. Four coping mechanisms were observed: (1) focus on problems, risking analysis
paralysis; (2) focus on creative problem-solving, risking unsubstantiated design; (3)
focus on means, risking fixation; and (4) focus on future ends, risking hanging on to a
dream. By establishing a joint practice and a community of learners through show-
and-share sessions, the students establish solid ground.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.552
It’s complicated: Dewey, Schön and reflection-in-action

Laureline Chiapello, Rabah Bousbaci
Université de Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada; Université de Montréal, Canada
While Schön’s work is prominent in design literature, some of its concepts stay
unclear. In this paper we examine the distinctions Schön made in 1992 between
“reflection-in-action” and “reflection on reflection-in-action” (or “conversation with the
situation” and “reflective conversation with the situation”). To clarify the meaning of
these two terms, we will refer to pragmatist philosophy, using Dewey’s work on inquiry
and epistemology. Our results show that there is indeed a difference between the two
expressions. Moreover, revisiting Dewey’s and Schön’s work allows for a new visual
representation of the reflection-in-action process, which can then be used as a tool to
enhance the designers’ reflection on reflection-in-action.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.349
Re-framing design and designers: studying design processes

through a Pragmatist lens
Kristiane Marie Lindland
University of Stavanger, Norway
Becoming a competent professional entails both developing scholarly knowledge,
learning the craft, and developing the social skills demanded in the profession. In this
paper I provide insight into how studying professionals at work can be understood as a
continuous social inquiry where both researcher and the professionals reflect on
reflection-in-action. Embedded in a performative process approach based on the
temporal and transactional understandings of John Dewey and George Herbert Mead,
and Donald Schön’s understanding of the reflective practitioner, research on product
design processes are discussed and explored as a mutual process of becoming. This
paper proposes that studying professional work is a collaboration between
professionals and the researcher where both work- and research activities are made
possible by the temporal re-framings of social identities and of situations.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.567
24
Pragmatism, design and public sector innovation: Reflections on
action
Rodger Watson, Kees Dorst
University of Technology Sydney, Australia
This reflective paper explores the intersection of Pragmatism, Design Research and
Public Sector Innovation through the lens of a body of work undertaken at a public
sector innovation, design research center between 2010-2018. This center drew
explicitly on the work of Donald Schön and Charles Sanders Peirce in the development
of its research methodology and practice. The paper includes an illustrative case study
that demonstrates the application of Peirce’s model of Innovative Abduction, draws on
recent interview data that demonstrates engagement with Deweyan Analysis of
Reflective Thinking and reflects on the possibilities that may come from further
engagement with the Pragmatist movement.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.778
A theoretical model for studying design inquiry in a real-world

context
Dave Hawey
University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Canada
Schön's contribution is significant in defining and understanding design inquiry,
though he wrote little about its socio-cultural aspects, as Dewey initially intended.
While ethnographic research has provided insight into the socio-cultural aspects of
designers' inquiry, it poses several methodological challenges for observing designers
in action in real-world contexts. In reference to pragmatist theories of design and
professional action, this article proposes a theoretical model for qualitatively observing
and analyzing designers' inquiry in real- world contexts. The model aims to capture
design inquiry in a richer and more holistic way, by including its socio-cultural aspects.
The model serves as a collection and analysis tool compatible with the shadowing
investigative approach. It emerges from a previous study of video game artists. The
discussion addresses the contributions and limitations of the model and points out the
value for the enrichment of Schön's thinking, and for the research and teaching of
design practice.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.645
25
8 Design methods for sensing and experience

Paul Hekkert and Teksin Kopanoglu
Towards a Standard: Designing an Open Source Clay Measuring

Tool
Tavs Jorgensen, Sonny Lightfoot
University of the West of England, United Kingdom
This paper describes early stage research into the development of a common
standard for measuring clay hardnesses in craft and design practice. The research has
emerged in the context of the development of 3D printing with ceramic paste. The
paper initially provides the wider context and motivation for research followed by a
review of the development of this new area of practice – an area of innovation that has
largely been driven by individual design practitioners through an open source
approach. The paper also outlines existing approaches for measuring the plasticity
and hardness of clay. The paper presents key re-search objectives in the aim of
establishing low-cost methods that can be used for measuring ceramic paste
consistencies for 3D printing, as well as other ceramic production methods. In
response to this research challenge a 3D printed design for a simple measuring devise
based on the ‘fall cone’ principle is presented.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.671
Exploring the effect of visual and auditory information in haptic

experience
Xinyi Gao, Wei Wang, Fangli Song, Fang Liu
Hunan University, China, People's Republic of; School of Design, Georgia Institute of
Technology, United States
Haptic experience always has a close relationship with visual and auditory modalities,
but little research uses both visual and auditory modalities to map haptic perception in
tangible interaction. It is essential to understand how to make haptic information
harmonious with visual and auditory modalities, and how users describe haptic
feedback in physical interface design. In this paper, participants are divided into three
groups: auditory-haptic (AH), visual-haptic (VH), and haptic (H) groups to test a
sensory integrated prototype in order to explore the effect of visual and auditory
26
information on haptic experience and users’ description patterns. We find that users’
haptic descriptions range from abstract to concrete and are affected by modalities.
Moreover, there is a massive difference in the function of visual and auditory
influencing the sense of touch. The findings are beneficial to haptic experience design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.496
Toward a Method of Psychological Ownership Mapping

Michelle Cedeño, Weston Baxter, Talya Porat, Joann Peck
Imperial College London, United Kingdom; University of Wisconsin Madison
The mental state in which an individual claims an object as theirs is called
psychological ownership. Psychological ownership is associated with motives, routes,
affordances, and outcomes directly linked to attachment. This research introduces a
qualitative method for psychological ownership mapping. Ownership mapping seeks to
explain the changes in a user’s psychological ownership of a target over time. Previous
studies suggested conceptual pathways of ownership. This method extends current
research on ownership as it offers a viable application. The method has been tested
with over 100 students and is an easy, flexible, and adaptable to many different
contexts. We believe that ownership mapping method coupled with the theory of
psychological ownership will be an essential tool for designers, organizations, and etc.
to better inform design decisions
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.601
Biosensor Measures of Human Emotion

Brodie Kershaw, Stuart Favilla, David Sly
Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
There is clear potential for consumer-grade wearable biosensors in future emotional
state research because they are cheap, portable, and accessible. In this study,
biosensor measures of valence and arousal, calculated from Electroencephalography
and Apple Watch were correlated with self-reported valence and arousal measured by
the EmojiGrid. We establish requirements for the use of biosensors, specifically the
Muse 2 and Apple Watch in future emotion research applications and passive real-
time analysis of participant emotional states. When compared to the IAPS & OxVoc,
mean dataset valence and arousal values for visual and auditory stimuli, the EmojiGrid
recorded significant correlations for valence but not for arousal. Spectral alpha power
and the asymmetry index had strong correlations with participant valence for some
participants, but weak for others. There was no correlation between heart rate change
and self-reported arousal recorded from the Apple Watch and EmojiGrid respectively.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.401
27
9 Sound and design

Stefano Delle Monache, Nicolas Misdariis, Elif Özcan
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1055
Sounds that satisfy: Describing the relationship between sound

and need fulfilment
Gijs Louwers, Elif Özcan, Jasper Van Bommel, Sylvia Pont
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Center, The
Netherlands
Psychological needs of users as a basis for design are at the core of design practice,
yet the importance of fundamental human needs when designing soundscapes has
not been studied specifically. This paper investigates the relationship between nine
fundamental human needs and the affective qualities and categories of soundscapes.
In a free-labeling survey study, we collected descriptions of imagined sound
environments for the fulfilment of the needs, as well as ratings of the perceived
affective quality of these environments. We found that needs were associated with
pleasant soundscapes, while their eventfulness varied. ‘Human’ sounds were a
common category for each of the nine needs considered in this study, but systematic
variations of the categories were found dependent on the need. Results suggest that
designing categorically different soundscapes dependent on the users’ needs will have
beneficial effects.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.730
Towards a quieter Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Current

approaches and design opportunities
Simone Spagnol, Núria Viñas Vila, Almila Akdag Salah, Tom Goos, Irwin Reiss,
Elif Özcan
Iuav University of Venice, Italy; Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands;
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, The
Netherlands
Recent studies show that the well-being of patients and the performance of
healthcare professionals in modern neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are severely
affected by the amount of auditory alarms and sound nuisance. This paper presents a
28
semi-systematic review on the topic of environmental sound in the NICU, where
current themes, insights, and limitations are highlighted. Furthermore, it outlines the
results of an observation of the NICU environment and an interview with nurses at
Erasmus Medical Center, in order to understand the users, their context, and the
technology that can enable design interventions. The insights gathered from the
literature and the users, together with a technology search, lead to potential design
opportunities to be developed further. Based on these, we propose a technological
solution towards a healthy sound environment in the NICU.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.258
Listening tests for sound design: Faster optimization through

lower-dimensional parameter spaces
Tom Barker, Joana Vieira, Frederico Pereira, Rui Marques, Guilherme Campos3
Emotech Ltd, London United Kingdom, Center for Computer Graphics, Guimarães.
Portugal; Universidade do Aveiro, Portugal; ALGORITMI Research Centre, University of
Minho, Guimarães, Portugal; CIAUD Research Centre, Lisbon School of Architecture,
Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Listening tests are often an essential part of sound design but can be resource
intensive to carry out. Where there are many degrees of freedom in the sound design
parameters, the ‘curse of dimensionality’, means that the number of trials required to
reliably understand the impact of a particular design variable increases exponentially
with increasing number of parameters. When there is a particular design goal in mind
(e.g. maximum audibility, pleasantness, etc.) this can be somewhat mitigated by using
efficient optimisation techniques with online sound generation during listening tests --
whereby a black box optimiser iteratively moves the parameters towards those which
produce the desired percept. We show in a pilot study that this approach can be
improved yet further by first using dimensionality reduction for the synthesis
parameters prior to performing the listening test. This allows sound designers to use
fewer testing resources when optimising for a particular percept.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.729
A designerly approach to the sonification of Electric Vehicles

Sara Lenzi, Juan Sádaba, Paolo Ciuccarelli
Center for Design, Northeastern University, United States of America; School of
Architecture, Universidad del Pais Vasco UPV/EHU, Spain
In recent years, efforts to frame sound-related areas of research such as sonification,
sonic interaction design and product sound design in terms of design methodologies
became more common. Sound designers seem to be willing to structure a field
traditionally characterised by tacit knowledge in terms of explicit design processes,
tools and methods, to increase the reach and impact of the field. In this paper, we
describe the first two stages of a commercial sonification project for the design of
sounds for Electric Vehicles. The project was developed applying a design
29
methodology that integrates a specific tool (the sonification canvas), which we
describe in detail. We approach the creation of sounds for Electric Vehicles as a
designerly endeavour with the goal of contributing to the transition of sound design
from a heterogenous, practice-based field to a structured discipline that can enrich
the creation of fulfilling experiences.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.499
Soundscape gardens: An evaluation on use of the Northern Ireland

Hospice’s sound garden installation
Isaac Gibson, Pedro Rebelo, Craig Jackson
Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
The purpose of this paper is to share the results of an evaluation of the Northern
Ireland (NI) Hospice’s Sound Garden installation placed at the Somerton Road site in
Belfast. The sound gardens are an immersive installation split into three separate
garden spaces, each using a combination of outdoor loudspeakers. The Sound Garden
is designed to project a growing collection of soundscapes composed by both
students, doctoral candidates, and staff from the Sonic Arts Research Centre (SARC)
at Queen’s University Belfast. This evaluation, which took place in late 2019 as part of
a Master of Research, uses both pseudonymised questionnaires and on-site
observations to determine not only use of the facility, but also the impact that its
presence in the hospice can have on patients, relatives, staff, and users of the facility.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.479
Audiovisual sonifications. A design map for multisensory

integration in data representation
Valentina Caiola, Sara Lenzi, Dina Riccò1
Politecnico di Milano, Italy; Northeastern University, United States of America
In the field of data sonification, the construction of meaning is hampered by the lack of
shared perceptual codes derived from common modes of perception, as it happens for
the visual register. In this paper, we re-organize knowledge from previous experimental
projects to build the foundations of future work in data representation. This
experimental investigation aims to identify patterns in the translation process from
different sensory modalities. To this end, 80 audiovisual sonifications have been
collected and analyzed through phenomenological analysis with the goal of recording
sensory correspondences. The resulting cross-sensory design map is a visual
synthesis of the analysis, and it has a dual function. In the research domain, it
proposes testable hypotheses for a systematic approach to data sonification. In the
practice, it offers a space that is based on shared conventions that aim to standardize
the actions and the choices of both sonification experts and communication
designers.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.380
30
Functional and Sensible: Patient Monitoring Alarm Tones Designed
with Those Who Hear Them
Avery Sen, Yoko Sen, Matt Barile, Sage Palmedo, Andreas Walden,
Vitor Vicente Antunes
Sen Sound, United States of America; Philips Medical Systems, Germany
This is a case study in participatory design of alarm tones for the Philips IntelliVue
patient monitoring system. Through interviews and workshops, we asked clinicians
and other stakeholders what mattered to them as we designed new tones. We distilled
responses into criteria with which to evaluate new tone options that we created by
adjusting the tones’ pitch, timbre, and other parameters. In surveys, participants
compared these options using the criteria distilled from interviews. The results were: 1)
new tones that stakeholders judged to be improvements over the originals, and 2)
criteria for evaluating future tones, based on “functionality” (i.e., their ability to be
heard, understood, and prompt response) as well as “sensibility” (i.e., avoidance of
unintended consequences: annoyance, fatigue, patient distress). We found that we
could engage stakeholders meaningfully in the definition and design of “better” tones.
We also found it possible to make tones that are both functional and more sensible.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.684
Soundscapes for storytelling and meaningful activity in dementia

care
Maarten Houben, Melvin van Berlo, Gail Kenning, Rens Brankaert
Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands; University of New South Wales,
Sydney, Australia; Fontys University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
Researchers are investigating how soundscapes can reduce agitation and contribute
to the well-being of people with dementia. We advance this research by exploring
further how to incorporate the personal background and preferences of individuals
with dementia in soundscapes to evoke storytelling and meaningful activity in their
everyday surroundings. In this study, we assembled personal soundscapes that were
evaluated in individual participatory workshops with six care home residents with
dementia. The workshops provided insights into the experiences of people in the mid
to advanced stages of dementia listening to personal sounds. The results demonstrate
how these soundscapes evoked: interaction with surroundings; open-ended
storytelling; activation through pleasurable experiences; and rest and comfort. We
propose implications for design to adopt personal soundscapes in care to support
engaging and meaningful one-on-one activities in the care home.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.555
31
Soundscape design for historical buildings as a sonic place-
making process
Anne-Sofie Udsen, Kim Halskov
Aarhus University, Denmark
Through the design of soundscape installations for three historical museum buildings,
we explore how sonic placemaking may be used to reveal intangible cultural heritage.
We build on Harrison and Dourish’s distinction between space and place, and Jordan
Lacey’s definition of sonic placemaking to understand sound-scape design as a
process of creating places that support sensory connection be-tween the museum
guest and museum space, hereby enabling new experiences. We apply design space
thinking as the approach to systematize and explore how distinct design choices
affect the intended sonic placemaking. Through an inter-disciplinary approach that
spans interaction design and sound studies, we investigate how the design space is
explored through a series of design activities addressing sonic placemaking. Hereby,
we identify three design aspects unique to sonic placemaking: Types of Sound,
Listening Attention and Spatiality of Listening.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.178
Investigating the sound design process: two case studies from

radio and film production
Rod Selfridge, Sandra Pauletto
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
This paper presents two case studies in which the sound design processes of two
professional sound designers, from radio and film, are examined. Through a study
procedure that uses techniques such as interviews, observations and a novel set of
design briefs, the sound designers' unique approaches and primary concerns are
revealed. Results from these studies aim to inform and consolidate the link between
professional sound designers´ practices in media production and the field of sonic
interaction design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.772
32
10 Design methods and transdisciplinary
practices
Session chairs
Deger Ozkaramanli and Cristina Zaga
Editorial
Deger Ozkaramanli, Cristina Zaga, Nazli Cila, Klaasjan Visscher, and
Mascha van der Voort
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1054
Design, one piece of the puzzle: A conceptual and practical

perspective on transdisciplinary design
Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer
Transdisciplinary research is claimed to be essential in tackling today’s complex
societal challenges. Transdisciplinarity includes collaboration and integration across
academic disciplines, non-academic ways of knowing, and the ‘real world’ of citizens,
professionals and other stakeholders. Design can contribute to transdisciplinarity by
framing complex challenges, integrating knowledge towards synthesizing solutions,
and providing participatory practices to engage with the real world. However, for
design to be successful in transdisciplinary research contexts, a better understanding
of transdisciplinarity and design is required. In this paper I present a conceptual and
practical perspective on transdisciplinary de-sign. I show how design relates to three
different conceptions of transdisciplinarity: a multi-level disciplinary practice, a
participatory practice, and a practice focused on complexity and social learning.
Furthermore, I propose a set of trans-disciplinary competences that enhance
designers’ ability to contribute to tack-ling complex societal challenges, including
epistemic intelligence, worldview awareness, power literacy and reflexive and dialogic
skills.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.402
33
Learning from creative biology: promoting transdisciplinarity
through vocabularies of practice
Larissa Pschetz, Carolina Ramirez-Figueroa, Joe Revans
University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Royal College of Art, United Kingdom
Transdisciplinary ways of collaborating are considered essential to support new
approaches to tackling societal and environmental “wicked” problems. But how can
collaborations take place in ways that reach this envisioned state? In this work, we
look for cues of transdisciplinarity in the experience of those with a successful track
record of working across disciplines. We interviewed 38 practitioners and researchers
working in “creative biology”, an umbrella term that we use to address work that
incorporates biology-related methods and research outside purely scientific realms.
The interviews provide insights into how language can be used to support strategic
shifts of positionality and nudge others to step out of their disciplinary realms, which
contributes practical advice for those who are looking to collaborate with other
disciplines. They further provide examples that can help expand the discussion of
transdisciplinarity in design practice and education.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.291
Positioning design in transdisciplinary collaborations: Experiences

from a smart city consortium project
Anouk Geenen, Deger Özkaramanli, Julieta Matos-Castaño, Mascha van der Voort
This paper explores the positioning of design in transdisciplinary collaborations.
Design is increasingly positioned as a promising way of working in complex, multi-
stakeholder collaborations. In this paper, we want to deepen and challenge this
positioning in order to better clarify the contribution of design. Building on literature
and experiences from an ongoing consortium-type research project in the context of
smart cities, we conceptualize five preliminary roles that design adopts in collaborative
settings: (1) generator; (2) communicator; (3) facilitator; (4) mediator and (5)
provocateur. We argue that the latter two roles, namely the mediator and provocateur,
are the most recent and the most suiting roles in transdisciplinary settings. To fully
encompass these new roles, however, design must keep evolving itself and ground its
practices with more sensitivity to the ethics and politics of technology. Deeping and
expanding these roles will eventually strengthen the position of design when
addressing socio-technical challenges.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.726
34
Towards a lifecycle of design methods
Jakob Clemen Lavrsen, Jaap Daalhuizen, Sara Dømler, Kristine Fisker
Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; ProInvent A/S
As the design discipline is expanding and increasingly contributing to solving complex,
socio-technical challenges in society, its role evolves alongside this expanding scope.
A significant contribution of the design discipline is its methodologies and the
expertise to facilitate transdisciplinary work in these complex innovation arenas. This
emphasizes the importance of design methods and, at the same time, puts higher
demands on their efficacy, robustness, and usability. However, there is a lack of
understanding of the method development process, the standards and norms
constituting high-quality design methods, as well as the transfer and use of these
methods and how they impact practice. More specifically, there is a need to
understand the entire lifecycle of methods — across the research and practice
communities. The literature is fragmented, and some aspect is only addressed in
isolation. In this paper, we bring together existing research and propose an initial
model of the lifecycle of methods in design. We discuss implications and
recommendations for future research.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.542
Service journeys as boundary objects in participatory processes

for multi-stakeholder engagement: The case of the easyRights
journeys
Maria Vitaller del Olmo, Nicola Morelli
Aalborg University, Denmark
Design disciplines are increasingly using journeys as a tool that addresses multiple
purposes. Also known as Journey Maps, User Journey, Customer Journey, Experience
Journey, or Service Journey, they represent the interaction of a person with a product
or service step-by-step. This compilation of data reveals valuable insights for
companies, organizations, decision-makers, managers, and service-owners to
empathize with their users, triangulate their pain points and identify opportunities for
improvement and innovation. Consequently, it is easy to understand the popularity of
this method. This paper describes the case of the use of journeys in the easyRights
project and presents their value as boundary objects; as a common artifact that
facilitated the interaction of members of various groups of stakeholders, affording
collaborative knowledge collection, generation, and distribution — traditionally
attributed to boundary objects — but also complementary strategies — like the
identification of knowledge opportunities, the management of knowledge generation
and the concurrence around such knowledge.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.539
35
Coming to terms with design wickedness: Reflections from a
Forum Theatre on design thinking
Carmem Saito, Bibiana Oliveira Serpa, Rafaela Angelon, Frederick van Amstel
Royal College of Art, United Kingdom; 2ESDI, Universidade do Estado do Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brazil
Contemporary design thinking is often described as a designerly approach to dealing
with wicked problems — problems that are too complex and deemed impossible to fix,
but that can be tamed and solved with proper design methods. Wickedness is a
fundamental justification for designing things as a leap of faith or even as a kind of
magic. This practice-based design research questions this justification while also
opening up new understandings of wickedness. By creating a Forum Theatre session
with characters inspired by the musical Wicked as allegories for different design
agents/subjects in an online event, the authors engaged design spectators in critical
thinking of their own roles and practices from a broader social and political
perspective. We conclude that wickedness is not necessarily a nasty quality of design
problems and solutions but a relational quality that can be explored by anti-oppressive
approaches to design thinking and design doing.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.668
Material metaphors: An approach to collaborative knowledge

production in transdisciplinary sustainability research
Daniela Peukert
Leuphana University Lüneburg, Germany
The integration of different forms of knowing and bodies of knowledge, as well as
collaborative forms of knowledge production, seems particularly significant for the
core of scientific work and in inter- and transdisciplinary processes in sustainability
research. Nevertheless, collaborative knowledge production in heterogeneous teams
brings up specific challenges. This is where existing methods for group negotiation
processes, strongly based on language and text, reach their limits. To fill this gap,
design-based methods can be used. They expand the mode of language and text to
include the visual-haptic dimension, which allows access to other levels of thinking as
it appeals to many senses. Therefore, this paper shows the application of design
prototyping, as one specific design method, for collaborative knowledge production
and integration in inter- and transdisciplinary research processes. The findings cover
three different approaches to collaborative knowledge production and shed light on
the role of material metaphors as translators of different cognitive modes and bridge
to the knowledge of others.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.775
36
Crafting in the backstage: Materiality and the changing work of
designers
Natalja Laurey, Marleen Huysman, Maura Soekijad
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
Drawing on Goffman’s metaphor of frontstage and backstage, this article analyses the
role of materiality in day-to-day work practices of craftspersons. The study is based on
an ethnographic study of 17 months at a design firm which was amid a shift from
product to service design. This means that instead of tangible products, the designers
at the firm created intangible services. This shift in work practices reduced crafting to
making visualizations for reports and presentations. As a response, the designers
sought ways to spend more time on manually crafting in their work. In the backstage,
when among trusted peers and not facing clients and other audiences, the designers
spent a lot of time on making new design tools and practicing new techniques even
though this did not directly contribute to the success of the design project for their
client. It allowed them to practice and develop their craft skills, make sense of
requirements of their renewed work context, and replenish emotional energy. The main
contribution of this paper is through adding empirical evidence emphasizing the
embodied perspective to crafting. Because of the entangled relationship between
craftspersons and materiality, crafting practices are enacted as a matter of habit.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.398
How might we evaluate co-design? A literature review on existing

practices
Zixuan Wang, Tingting Jiang, Jiawen Huang, Yixuan Tai, Paola Maria Trapani
College of Design and Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Background: In recent years, co-design has seen exponential adoption in response to
complex socio-technical transitions. However, the appraisal around co-design still
lacks development, making its quality, effect, and value ambiguous. Aim: This study
aims to encourage more research and practice in co-design evaluation by summarizing
existing attempts. Method: We first conducted an integrative literature review in
Scopus by analyzing and comparing existing methods used for assessing co-design.
Then we iteratively coded the reviewed articles in ATLAS.ti following grounded theory.
Through critical reflection and synthesis of the codes, we formed higher-level themes
describing different aspects of co-design assessment. Based on these, we proposed
an evaluation framework with five steps guiding the practice. Result: An overview of
the methods, values, challenges, and suggestions for co-design assessment has been
presented, and an assessment framework is proposed to support applications in this
area.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.774
37
A co-design method for museums to engage migrant communities
with cultural heritage
Vanessa Cesário, Valentina Nisi
ITI/LARSyS, IST University of Lisbon, Portugal
This chapter presents an experimental method designed to engage migrant
participants with local cultural heritage. The initiative was part of an exploratory field
study conducted in the context of the European-funded project MEMEX, a research
effort promoting the social wellbeing of communities at risk of exclusion through the
narration and collection of memories and stories related to cultural heritage. To
engage members of such communities with the topic of cultural heritage, we deployed
a two-stage intervention: a five-day photo-challenge, where participants were asked to
photograph sites that they felt connected to, and a four-hour co-design workshop in
which they explored the photos they had captured and co-created stories around
specific sites, linking them to their memories. This chapter reflects how this process
can benefit designers, individuals, and organizations in the cultural sector in capturing
and reflecting on cultural heritage, engaging communities at risk of exclusion while
supporting scientific and societal impact.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.523
Supporting research on gender and design amongst STEAM

researchers in the souths: A case study of subsumption in design
methods
Chiara Del Gaudio, Bjarki Hallgrimsson, Dominique Marshall
School of Industrial Design, Carleton University, Canada; Department of History,
Carleton University, Canada
This paper tells the story of a research program that subsumed the approaches of
design, arts and social sciences to enhance gender aware and inclusive research
amongst twenty academic teams of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and
Mathematics located in the Souths. These are the findings of our empirical exploration
to support the emergence of a transdisciplinary area of research and practice which
we defined as Gendered Design. The key factors that proved crucial to overcome
disciplinary boundaries and catalyse processes of empowerment are: theoretical and
methodological openness, design-driven strategy and experimentation, as well as a
holistic and affective approach to collaborations and relationships.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.644
38
S+S, Spatial design + service design: Framing a transdisciplinary
perspective
Annalinda De Rosa, Gea Sasso
Department of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Italy; Sketchin, Switzerland
Design-driven praxis aimed at the transformation of spaces in relation to social and
relational practices confront design researchers with the need to develop
transdisciplinary approaches. If, on one side, it is impossible to envision a space
without its subject matter — encounters, relations, and interactions between human
and non-human entities –, on the other any type of service designed to be part of that
place relies on a spatial dimension and its material reality is inevitably influences. This
assumption raises questions for the design discipline: what happens when the design
of spaces and services is intertwined? How can we design the service interaction
through the spatial definition? Albeit apparently simple, the relationship between
Spatial Design and Service Design still hasn't been fully explored, and this paper aims
to contribute filling this gap through a preliminary framework as means to explore a
possible scenario of Spatial Design + Service Design (S+S). The paper presents S+S
as a potential approach to designing spaces and delivering services as a single entity.
In this scenario, the separation of disciplinary design areas ceases, and a design
approach emerges, where places and social practices are fully interconnected.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.656
39
11 Healthcare experience

Tek-Jin Nam and Anya Petyaeva
Designing menstruation - An examination into the influence of

experiences on the use of menstrual products
Ihsan Kamil, Muireann McMahon
School of Design, Univesity of Limerick, Ireland
This study examines the experiences of eight menstruators and the impact these
experiences have had on their attitudes towards menstruation and menstrual
products. Participants engaged in a virtual workshop and discussed their personal
experiences, both positive and negative, their opinions on various menstrual products,
and the impact their experiences had on their attitudes towards menstruation and
menstrual products. The findings from this study were thematically coded, and the
influence of experiences on product choices was subsequently discussed. The varying
needs of participants were also highlighted and discussed. Additionally, this study has
identified that existing menstrual products do not meet all the needs of menstruators.
Whilst the findings from this design-based research study bring forward new insights,
it also sheds light on the gaps in knowledge and understanding of menstrual
experiences.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.453
Towards a toolkit to empower young autistic adults: Using

grounded theory to analyze ten design case studies
Niels van Huizen, Thijs Waardenburg, Nathalie Overdevest, Jelle van Dijk, Wouter Staal,
Mascha van der Voort
University of Twente, The Netherlands; HAN University of Applied Sciences, The
Netherlands; Leiden University, The Netherlands
Assistive technologies (ATs) are increasingly proposed to support young autistic
individuals (YAAs) in daily life. Yet, the uptake of these technologies remains limited.
Most ATs are designed for and by non-autistic people, which makes them less usable
for YAAs. Moreover, ATs specifically designed for YAAs are often part of formal
40
therapy or training and typically aim to mitigate and rectify ‘problematic’ autistic
behavior. In the research project Design Your Life, we are working with YAAs to
develop a co-design toolkit that will help them create a personalized environment to
support their independence. By now, we have completed ten design case studies, each
deploying a different version of the toolkit. In this paper, we report on the insights that
we gained from these case studies, for which we used a grounded theory approach. In
total, we identified ten categories of knowledge that will inform the development of a
single, final toolkit.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.432
The State of Inclusive and Human-Centred Design in Oral

Healthcare
Isobel Leason, Farnaz Nickpour
University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
There is an increasing body of work that explores the potential of inclusive and
human-centred design to address challenges to our societies’ healthcare. However,
there is limited evidence of the utilisation and understanding of these approaches
specifically in oral healthcare. This paper reviews the state of inclusive and human-
centred design in oral healthcare. A systematic mapping study is used to identify 50
projects relevant to inclusive and human-centred design in oral healthcare. The data
extracted from each project helps to examine the nature of inclusive and human-
centred design in oral healthcare, reflect on who is being designed for and with, and
assess the balance of outcomes and contributions being produced. The review reveals
limited recognition and awareness of the two fields, particularly inclusive design,
highlighting issues of design communication and application, and uncovering key gaps
and missed opportunities that might inform future design activity in this area.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.698
Filling in the Gaps: Navigating the Human Experience of COVID

Christopher Rice, Xinrui Xu, Lara Chehab, Santosh Basapur, Serena Jing, Sean Molloy,
Aalap Doshi, Kim Erwin
North York General Hospital, Canada; Rush University, Chicago, USA; University of
California – San Francisco, California, USA; IIT Institute of Design, Chicago, USA;
Stanford University, California, USA; University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
Our international study team of health design professionals applied human-centered
design methods to compare the COVID recovery experiences of 28 hospitalized and
30 community-managed patients in five hospital-affiliated sites across Canada and
the United States. This study identified three drivers of the COVID patient recovery
experience — gaps in care; uncertainty (largely driven by unclear or missing
information); and isolation and loneliness. An examination of patient responses to
these drivers identified six types of supports needed to facilitate healing and recovery:
interpersonal, spiritual, information and communication; technology and access, direct
41
healthcare, and basic needs supports. We link the absence, presence, or separation
from these supports during recovery to degrees of isolation and loneliness
experienced by participants. We conclude with three principles that health system and
public health leaders may apply to meet the needs of future people experiencing a
public health emergency.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.816
42
12 Embodying experiential knowledge
(Experiential SIG)
Session chairs
Spyros Bofylatos and Camilla Groth
Editorial
Nithikul Nimkulrat and Camilla Groth
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1073
From wine tasting to materials sensorial perception: A framework

for materials experience
Niki Boukouvala, Spyros Bofylatos
University of the Aegean, Greece
This paper puts forward a novel approach to study material experience leaning on the
wine tasting protocols. The framework proposed in this paper aims to help new
(biofabricated and non-biofabricated) "growing" and "living" materials make a good
name out of themselves by deploying all their unique sensorial qualities in a more
poetic manner. We believe that adopting wine tasting philosophy and techniques in
the field of (aesthetic) materials experience and the synthesis of a materials
experience lexicon will enable the commercialization process of new materials. We
identify three layers of the material experience and point to how adapting the wine
tasting protocol and dialogue formats can inform the grammar, syntax and narrative of
a material experience.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.460
The unfolding of textileness in Animated Textiles: An exploration

of woven textile-forms
Alice Buso, Holly McQuillan, Kaspar Jansen, Elvin Karana
Designers of textile-based interactive systems tend to treat woven fabrics as static
materials and lack deeper understandings of how the textile can be designed for
43
responsive behaviours in artefacts. As a result, in most studies across design and HCI,
textiles are employed as substrates for computational, biological, or smart materials.
This narrow view limits the potential of textiles that can be programmed to express
responsive behaviour through their inherent material qualities. Our paper aims at
bridging this gap in the design of animated textile artefacts. We present woven textile-
forms where textile structures are programmed to tune the behaviour of low-melt
polyester yarn that shrinks when heat is applied, resulting in complex topological and
textural woven forms that can change over time. Foregrounding woven-forms as a
medium for animated textiles, our work calls for design and HCI researchers to pay
attention to textileness for prolonged relationships between users and animated
textile artefacts while eliminating waste from production and end of life.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.612
Intertwining material science and textile thinking: Aspects of

contrast and collaboration
Emmi Pouta, Riia Vidgren, Jaana Vapaavuori, Mithila Mohan
Aalto University, Finland
The current research of eTextiles tends to focus on integrating new functionalities into
textile structures in a technology-driven manner. Meanwhile, we approach the
development of eTextiles through utilizing interdisciplinary practice-based materials
research for creating new types of textile-integrated actuators. Our study aims to shed
light on how interdisciplinarity and especially the interphase between scientific thinking
and practice-based research can create added value both through contrasts and
mutual alignments. Based on interviews of researchers working in that intersection, we
have identified some key factors concerning specifically the eTextile environment:
differences in ways of thinking, intertwining concepts, common practices, and the
need for a certain degree of individual autonomy. Overall, we advance the
understanding of the inner workings of interdisciplinary projects and how to better
facilitate them, as well as provide some concrete ideas of how this type of research
should be supported.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.525
Design placebos for the impossibility of empathy in

videotelephony
Nesli Hazal Oktay
Estonian Academy of Arts, Estonia
This year, humans were locked in their homes with a rising need for digital
communication such as videotelephony. Although videotelephony helps to reduce the
physical gap, it leaves little room for the transmission of body language that is usually
associated with empathy. This research is inspired by the cognitive model of empathy
which can be explained as our desire to understand others’ emotions and interact with
them accordingly. By creating a reflective experience of imagining through the body in
44
movement, the research looks into what interaction design’s role be in working with
empathy and asks: In which ways design placebos as body triggers could extend
digital natives’ sense of empathy during videotelephony? This paper describes this
ongoing investigation from the perspective of how experiential knowledge of tangibles
can be used to embody feeling and thinking in action and support the creation of the
design placebos through an experiment of cultural probing.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.598
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13 Design for behaviour change: Taking the long
view fast (Behaviour SIG)
Session chairs
Kristina Niedderer and Shital Desai
Editorial
Kristina Niedderer, Geke D.S. Ludden, Shital Desai, Sander Hermsen
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1075
Reflection during goal setting: An analysis of popular personal

informatics apps
Tina Ekhtiar, Rúben Gouveia, Armağan Karahanoğlu, Geke Ludden
Setting achievable, realistic goals aligned to people’s current abilities and needs is an
important part of behavior change. Reflection is a critical part of this process, as it
helps people identify and elicit appropriate goals. Commercial applications that
support behavior change often use goal setting; however, we know very little about if
these implementations are based on theory and how they support reflection. In this
paper, we analyze how popular health tracking apps support reflection during goal
setting. We found that a majority supported limited or no reflection during the
elicitation of goals. We discuss our findings and suggest design considerations for
improving how these tools can help people in reflecting and eliciting goals.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.787
Manta and Cactaceae: Rehabilitative smartphone accessories for

people with chronic mild stroke impairments
Mailin Lemke, Edgar Rodríguez Ramírez, Brian Robinson
School of Design, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand; School of Nursing;
Midwifery, and Health Practice, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Stroke causes damage to the brain, often resulting in weakness or paralysis on one
side of the body. Everyday objects such as smartphones can play an important role
after a stroke facilitating participation in daily activities. However, commercial
46
smartphones can be challenging to use, and people with stroke of-ten adjust their
behavior to minimize the affected arm and hand use. This study explores how an
object attached to a smartphone could evoke behavior change and contribute to the
initiation of use of the affected arm. As part of a design workshop, different ideas were
envisioned to promote the use initiation of the affected side of the body. Two high-
fidelity smartphone accessories were developed and tested with four people with
chronic, mild stroke impairments based on the results. The initiation of use observed
during the formative usability test seems to be evoked by the learned behavior
patterns rather than the design prototypes.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.255
Designing appropriate things: An experiential perspective on the

effectiveness of artefacts in contributing to behaviour change
Thomas van Arkel, Nynke Tromp
Behavioural design is an emergent discipline that aims to harness design’s influence
on behaviour in an intentional way. However, there is limited knowledge on how to
translate knowledge on behaviour and its determinants to specific design properties in
ways that can maintain such change. We adopt a user experiential view to discuss the
role that artefacts and their materiality play in effectively changing behaviour by
introducing the notion of appropriateness, a quality of user-artefact interaction that
describes the fitness of an artefact to the user and context that may play a
moderating role in effectiveness of a design intervention in contributing to behaviour
change. Based on an in-situ exploratory study with two conceptual artefacts we show
that this appropriateness could help to investigate the long-term effectiveness of
artefacts.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.702
Are stereotypes, such as the ‘headclutcher’, in stock images for

mental illness stigmatizing?
Laura Orton
Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom
Public perception and attitudes of mental illness are heavily influenced by mass media,
so it is important the visual communication delivered into society is responsible and
not unintentionally damaging. Stereotypes are used frequently in visual
communication for speed of understanding. However, stereotypes are often based on
unfounded assumptions, and these assumptions can cause stigma towards the
stereotyped group. This study questions what stereotypes, if any, are present in stock
images of mental illness and discusses what effect they may have on stigma. There
have been previous calls for images such as the ‘headclutcher’ to not be used to
represent mental illness as many believe them to be an inaccurate depiction. The
results of this study provides recommendations for media outlets, and encourages
47
other researchers and organisations to pay consideration to the imagery they use for
communication about mental illness, to ensure no unintentional stigma is caused.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.354
48
14 Linking human and planetary health
(Global Health SIG)
Session chairs
Emmanuel Tsekleves and Cláudia de Souza Libânio
Editorial
Emmanuel Tsekleves, Cláudia de Souza Libânio, Blaise Nguendo Yongsi, Leigh-Anne
Hepburn, Spyros Bofylatos, Juan Giusepe Montalván Lume, Xanat Vargas Meza, and
Perline Hwee Ling Siek
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1084
‘Making the dust fly’: (A case study of) design research promoting
health and sustainability in addressing household infections
Emmanuel Tsekleves, Collins Ahorlu, Andy Darby, Roger Pickup, Dziedzom de Souza,
Daniel Boakye
ImaginationLancaster, Lancaster University, United Kingdom; Noguchi Memorial
Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana; Biomedical and Life
Sciences, Lancaster University, United Kingdom
Global health crisis, such as antimicrobial resistance, threaten planetary health, as
they have a direct impact on the environment, as well as to humans and animals.
Personal and environmental hygiene form the best and most natural ways of reducing
home infections and hence the need to take antibiotics. Despite this our
understanding of cleaning in the home and interventions on home cleaning are limited.
In this paper we present a project, which combined design research with
environmental microbiology, to address this issue and to co-design sustainable
cleaning interventions for human and planetary health. We focus on the design of a
co-design workshop which led to the development of cleaning interventions tested for
a month by several households. We share the challenges faced and the lessons learnt,
which we envisage will help guide design researchers moving into this exciting
research field of planetary and human health.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.317
49
Design contributions in generating innovative solutions for human
and planetary health
Patricia Raquel Bohn, Emanuele Konig, Leandro Miletto Tonetto, Claudia de Souza
Libanio
UFCSPA, Brazil; UNISINOS, Brazil
The study aims to identify the design contributions in generating innovative solutions
for human and planetary health published in peer-reviewed journals in the past five
years and relate them to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A systematic
literature review was performed by mapping the current research on design and
human and planetary health. The analysis allowed us to identify that the solutions
generated consider SDG 3 in all studies. Other SDGs were also identified, aimed at the
planet's sustainability, but in a more incipient way. The role of design has been
identified as crucial to meeting global demands, but design still needs to focus more
on other SDGs and the environment.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.346
Service design for experience in forest therapy: A case study in

Xitou nature education area
Ti-Yu Su, Hsien-Hui Tang, Shu-Yi Chen
National Taiwan University of Science & Technology, Taiwan; Ming Chuan University,
Taiwan
Forest therapy is a way of connecting with nature to promote physical and mental
health. With 60% of its land covered in forest, Taiwan is an ideal prospect for such a
program. However, most forest therapy services are ill-developed and unsustainable in
Taiwan. To address this issue, we first conducted semi-structured interviews of
administrators and customers in Xitou Nature Education Area, a forest area with great
potential for forest therapy in Taiwan, to explore the context and existing problems.
Second, we applied service design to produce a revamped forest therapy program that
involved the integration of co-creation workshop and service bricolage. Finally, based
on user experience in desirability and feasibility of our concepts, we design new
service strategies for forest therapy in Xitou. In academics, the results explore the
benefits of using service design in forest therapy. In practice, the results will raise
health awareness for forest therapy in Taiwan.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.277
50
Tree Box: Designing embedded and embodied interaction for
contemplative experiences in nature-rich environments
Sónia Matos, Daniel Sousa
Edinburgh College of Art, University of Edinburgh, UK; Gaspar Frutuoso Foundation,
University of the Azores, Portugal; Interactive Technologies Institute, LARSyS, Portugal
We present Tree Box, an interactive artefact designed to connect users to nature-rich
environments through contemplation. The object draws on recent debates that
juxtapose the benefits of meditation and mindfulness practices with exposure to
nature-rich environments. Combining both with embedded and embodied interaction,
we hope to add to the growing importance of designing for human well-being and
planetary health. Technically, Tree Box uses Bluetooth wireless technology to locate
spots for contemplation in natural surroundings. The prototype also uses a vibrating
motor and an accelerometer sensor to invite users to stop in each location. By drawing
on the literature that informed our prototype, we consider how design research and
practice might help promote mental health alongside preserving green spaces and
biodiversity hotspots. Theoretically, Tree Box draws on key literature covering "digital
mindfulness", environmental sustainability, and the relationship between nature,
culture, and the mind from the standpoint of critical theory.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.675
Designing digital health for hip osteoarthritis self-care in Brazil: a

study on patients’ socioeconomic profile and media preferences
Sara Goldchmit, Katarina Tsuzuki, Marcelo Queiroz, Nayra Rabelo, Walter Ricioli Junior,
Giancarlo Polesello
University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences,
Brazil; Universidade Nove de Julho, Brazil
Digital health has a great potential to promote predictive, personalised, preventive, and
participatory care while also reducing in-person visits to medical services.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder and a leading cause of disabilities
worldwide. Health literacy is crucial to cope with pain and mobility limitations. However,
in the Brazilian context, trusty information about OA is scarce, inadequate, or non-
existent in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). Knowing the audience
is decisive in designing digital health solutions. This study aimed to collect data on
SUS patients' socioeconomic status and media preferences. The results of 52
participants show the preponderance of C and D classes with basic educational levels,
for whom video format and WhatsApp messaging application may be favourable to
disseminate health information. This study is part of a multidisciplinary research
project that employs a human-centred design approach to create products and
services for hip OA SUS patients.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.476
51
15 Rethinking design for a complex world

Cecilia Landa-Avila, Sofia Bosch Gomez, Sine Celik, Ben Sweeting, Josina Vink
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1056
Co-designing the future in complex systems

Aaron Davis, Niki Wallace, Ian Gwilt, Anna Ledtischke, Richie Khoo1
University of South Australia, Australia; University of the Arts London; University of
Western Sydney
The face-to-face co-design workshop has been the default mode for designers to
collaborate with stakeholder groups to solve complex challenges. However, the
disruption associated with COVID-19 led to practitioners exploring alternative modes
of collaboration that opened an array of new possibilities. The aim of this paper is to
present the case study of Reboot STEMM, a distributed co-design process that
combined live and asynchronous modes of contribution, and explored how digital
technologies could be used to scale-up co-design processes, while also prioritising
accessibility, and promoting empowerment. The case demonstrates the success of
using an augmented version of the Multi-Level Perspective as a facilitation tool for co-
designing complex systems, and of using a digital platform as an ongoing and
interactive record of project data alongside traditional reporting practices.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.313
Design disciplines in the age of climate change: Systemic views on

current and potential roles
Håkan Edeholt, Jomy Joseph
Oslo School of Architecture and Design, Norway
After working several years with industrial design as a tool for the kind of radical
systemic change, climate change arguably requires; it now seems timely to discuss the
systemic obstacles that make such a shift so hard to implement. Much at odds with
current discourse, the article defends current design disciplinary skills by focusing on
the tension between what designers tend to do for sustaining the present system vs.
what designers could do to support transition to a radically different system and why
the latter is so hard to achieve but still so urgently required. With the overarching
question — "what can design(ers) do?" — the article establish design disciplines as a
52
distinct entity apart from design. Subsequently it gives an overview of how different
disciplines have emerged as 'answers' to how societies, have developed and finally
suggest a model for how to address climate change through disciplinary cooperation.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.365
Improvisational design dialogue: Exploring relational design

encounters as means to dismantle oppression in design
Brendon Clark, Nicholas B. Torretta
Umeå Institute of Design - Umeå University, Sweden
To explore dismantling oppressive power relations in design, we bring to fore design
encounters through the lens of relationality and improvisational competence. This
paper is based on the premise that, if we are to move toward decolonizing design,
design(ers) needs to re-think the organization of the design encounter and how we as
designers practice participation in such encounters. We emphasize the improvisational
nature of turn-taking in dialogue amidst asymmetric and dynamic power relations, with
design’s commitment to generating resources for future practices, and
decolonization’s commitment to re-configure power structures.
After problematizing the design encounter from a power relation perspective, we
explore practice models for developing improvisational competence. We do this by
looking at the two improvisational dialogic practices of Capoeira and Improv Theater.
We focus on what it can mean to develop skills in “improvisational competence” of
relationality in design. We first touch on our previous Participatory Design work in the
language learning “in the wild” agenda and then draw on each of our personal
improvisational practices: Capoeira martial art, and improvisational theater. We then
outline possibilities for relational improvisational design dialogue and conclude by
outlining how it can be practiced in Design education and practice.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.386
How actor-network mapping informs the early stages of system

innovation: A case study
Lucy Johanna Stuyfzand, Julie Bregenov Jönsson, Amalia de Götzen
Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark
This paper discusses how the participatory mapping of an actor-network map can
inform the early stages of system innovation as described in the approach adopted by
the Rockwool Foundation. It argues that mapping actors with an external expert at the
beginning of a design process allows to explore not only the macro, meso and micro
levels of a given complex system, but also the different key components of it, such as
relations, resources, power and purpose.
The Mental Health Initiative carried out at the Rockwool Foundation, will be used as a
case study to present and analyse the actor-network mapping process of the Danish
53
School System in relation to youngsters’ wellbeing, derive the main system insights
and discuss limitations and opportunities towards its innovation.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.295
Articulating Theories of Change Towards More Just and

Transformative Design Practices
Hillary Carey, Madeline Sides, Erica Dorn
Carnegie Mellon University, United States of America
In any collaborative change-making process, team members hold individual, and often
differing, ideas about how change happens. These ideas may address whether to work
top-down or bottom-up, what leverage points are to be targeted, or who should be
involved in the work, in what capacity, and when. If these differences in perspectives
are not examined and discussed, they can lead to conflicting actions, lessen positive
impact, and may even do harm. Mapping “Theories of Change” is an approach that has
been used to clarify strategies for initiating change across many sectors. Yet, when it
comes to complex design engagements, we propose that a different approach is
needed. Rather than utilizing a formal modeling process, we believe that teams can
find alignment and build more productive working relationships through conversations
that engage and clarify beliefs about transformation. In this paper, we propose that
designers should acknowledge, reflect, and discuss change theories within
collaborative teams. We offer a framework to support dialogue about change that
reflects three common phases of designing: Situate & Relate, Understand & Reframe,
Intervene & Observe.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.626
Engaging with competing demands in systems through design:

Fostering a paradox lens
Rike Neuhoff, Olivia Harre, Luca Simeone, Lea Holst Laursen, Lene Nielsen
Aalborg University, Denmark; IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark
This paper aims to foster a paradox lens on competing demands to ensure their
productive engagement in design. Competing demands are inevitable and ubiquitous
features of today’s systems. Thus, being subject to competing demands is a pervasive
and inherent feature of designerly work. Drawing from organizational studies, we first
outline four main streams of competing demands underlying today’s systems; related
to time, cognition, social interactions, and focus. We demonstrate the importance of a
purposeful conceptualization of competing demands by exemplifying how different
conceptualizations can lead to different responses. We suggest employing a paradox
lens on competing demands, which stresses that seemingly contradictory or even
mutually exclusive factors can and should coexist and therefore should be leveraged
simultaneously. Through a series of research-through-design experiments, we explore
how framing competing demands according to paradoxes impacts the way they are
54
approached in design practice, and how paradoxes can be engaged with through
design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.223
Social commoning as a way to transition towards alternative

systems by design
Julia Schaeper, Sumit Kothari, Gillian Hamilton
London College of Communication, University of the Arts London; Institute for
Sustainable Resources, University College London; Twig Sustainability Consulting
Increased interest in systemic design approaches and their impact on climate and
societal crises make revisiting the theories of the commons and their applicability to
system transitions a timely endeavour. By examining a case study of a marine
protected area in the South African ocean, the paper explores how a commoning
practice could be applied more intentionally in system design to increase cooperation
amongst system actors and apply a multispecies - as opposed to human-centred -
perspective to the management of natural, social, and immaterial resources. By tracing
the historical understandings of the commons, the study explores how Ostrom’s
design principles could be applied as a set of heuristics to help system actors thrive in
improved cohabitation. Thus, the paper draws on a working hypothesis of how
economic and complexity theory could be integrated with systems thinking to create
the conditions for increased stakeholder cooperation and alternative systems by
design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.511
Teixint Superilles: a grassroots project of participatory design for

inclusive public spaces
Clément Rames, Mireia Lozano Carbassé, Lea Karrasch, Roger Guilemany Casas
aquí bcn; United Cities and Local Governments; IED Istituto Europeo di Design;
ELISAVA School of Design and Engineering; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
This paper presents the Teixint Superilles project which developed participatory
design activities to create more inclusive public space. Our hypothesis was that when
citizens have the opportunity to participate in placemaking activities, they gain not
only greater awareness of their environment, but also a sense of agency over their city.
Through a series of workshops, we have been experimenting with diverse
methodologies for civic participation while confronting a wide range of participants
with topics of gender, functional diversity, cross-generational inclusivity, and
sustainability. We facilitated workshops in three different environments, thus reaching
a wide range of participants: a public park, a festival and a secondary school.
This paper is aimed at urban planners and designers seeking to create more liveable,
sustainable and inclusive public space together with citizens. Beyond our local impact
55
in the neighborhood, we seek to contribute to a global cultural shift towards
increasingly meaningful community engagement.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.661
Design experiments for a development organisation in the

Brazilian Amazon rainforest
Simone Mello Pereira Uriartt, Sine Celik, Peter Lloyd
In the midst of climate change, and the need to seek more sustainable ways of living,
design is increasingly tackling problems at a societal level. This paper reflects on a
strategic design project at a Brazilian foundation focused on sustainable development
in the Amazon rainforest region. In this study, we asked what contributions design can
bring to organisations involved in addressing development issues. The paper describes
several experiments and strategies to make it tangible to non-designers how a design-
led process unfolds and how design can support the organisation's efforts in delivering
value to the communities they serve. The case study offers an example on how design
practices combined with systemic approaches can spark increasing levels of
collaboration across siloed departments.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.436
Systemic assessment as a tool for the design process

Juan de la Rosa
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia; University of Illinois at Urbana
Champaign, United States of America
This paper introduces the idea of a systemic issue of misrepresentation of certain
factors in the design process that could lead to ignoring the complexity and possible
impact of some design actions and artefacts in the system. By analyzing different
cases from literature, professional practice, and design research, a frame-work of
initial analysis of the different factors that can assess some of the complexity of a
project is presented, and a reflection is made regarding their significance and the
elements they could evaluate from different cases.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.749
Backcasting as a design device to support grassroots system

change: insights from a case study on future energy pathways in
rural Kenya
Fiona Lambe, Anne Nyambane, Stefan Holmlid
Linköping University, Sweden
The interlinked global crises of poverty, inequality and climate change call for
transformative solutions. Transformative change requires local agency and long-term
56
planning, but this is not easily accommodated in development programmes, which
often rely on short-term thinking and top-down technological solutions. Design
methods have proved useful for facilitating co-development of technological solutions
with marginalised communities. This case study explores whether—and, if so, how—
participatory design can support grassroots transformational change by facilitating
community engagement around the challenge of energy access. We used backcasting
to facilitate the co-design of a 10-year transition roadmap to electric cooking with 30
members of a rural community in Kenya. The roadmap articulates a local vision of a
long-term development process, including the community’s role in that process.
Through follow-up interviews we found that workshop participation was linked to
subsequent grassroots community actions. The findings are discussed in relation to
the literature on transformation design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.240
The power in maps: Reviewing a ‘youth violence’ systems map as

discursive intervention
Jocelyn Bailey, Lorraine Gamman
Social Design Institute, University of the Arts London, United Kingdom; Design Against
Crime Research Centre, University of the Arts London, United Kingdom
This paper offers a reflection on a systems mapping experiment undertaken as part of
the Redesign Youth Futures project, which aimed to visualise the complex system
producing youth violence in London. The paper brings together key ideas in the
practice of systems thinking and mapping, with contributions from the literature on
design and power, to theorise the map as an intervention in a discourse — in this case,
the popular and policy discourse around youth violence. In doing so, it offers an
account of how power is operant in and through such an artefact: in the embodiment
of (and resistance to) ideologies or discursive themes, in the naturalization and
normalization of certain ‘truths’ and the silencing of others, in rendering a system
amenable to management, and through the selection of which perspectives and
interests to represent.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.563
Beyond progress: Exploring alternative trajectories for design

museums
Anja Neidhardt, Heather Wiltse, Anna Croon
Umeå Institute of Design, Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Informatics, Umeå
University, Sweden
How can design museums be disentangled from systems like patriarchy, so that they
become able to support change towards more justice? To explore this question, we
use our standpoint as design researchers in combination with a feminist perspective.
Historically, most design museums supported a path of progress which supposedly
leads straight from the past into the future. Even though today attempts to change
57
design museums can be observed, criteria for good design and methods for collecting
and exhibiting mainly stay unchanged. However, when questioning them, it becomes
clear that they were shaped by a white, male, imperialist perspective. Through shifting
focus and leaving the well-trodden path, we identify three possible paths toward
envisioning what we call alternative design museums that might contribute to the
bigger struggle for changing the design discipline, and shaping a more just world.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.212
Cognitive challenges in complex system design

Mark Andrew
Scenario, Australia
Design intentions guide design efforts but complex systems can lead to designers’
intentions being eclipsed. Artificial Intelligence systems are examples of complex
sociotechnical systems that exercise self-learning, innovation and creativity that can
exceed their designers’ imaginations. This paper’s proposition is that sociotechnical
systems design offers scope for improved reliability and is built on three features of
current design practice. First, design teams seek cooperative cognition to work
together but joint understanding can be impoverished by inadequately understood
outcome scenarios. Second, design team collaboration is bounded by innate
psychological biases which can influence design decisions. Third, some views of risk in
design thinking suffer from a limited conception of uncertainty and its influence. These
constraints in design practice are examined, considering the reach of Artificial
Intelligence as an example design domain, and how such constraints may be
addressed in design practice.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.152
Design thinking community health & well-being: Creating with and

for community capacities
Danielle Lake, Phillip Motley, Megan Casner, Kathleen Flannery
Elon University, United States of America; Anselm College, United States of America
This paper shares initial findings from an ongoing study assessing the value and
limitations of a two-year community-engaged design thinking initiative intended to
foster more inclusive and holistic public health community-based innovations with
underserved communities across one county in the southeast U.S. The initiative hopes
to institutionalize and socialize community-based design within a public health
framework and build organizational and individual capacities. Initial findings indicate
that participants find value in design thinking tools and processes, and that such
processes have transformed mental models, fostered relationships, and built skills for
participants' professional, civic, and personal lives. Findings also surfaced challenges
related to power inequities, a lack of alignment between grant initiative requirements
and participant needs, as well as rapidly evolving guidelines and divergent capacities.
Recommendations for researchers and practitioners are noted, including pursuing a
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relationship-rich design practice, investing time and energy in framing issues of power
and positionality, ensuring long-term and flexible access to resources, and creating
consistent visual validation across the initiative.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.210
Decolonizing cultural safety education in the healthcare system

through cultural immersion in Indigenous knowledge sharing &
material practice
Marlene Erickson, Darlene McIntosh, Brenda Crabtree, Connie Watts, Zoe Laycock,
Nicole Preissl, Nadia Beyzaei, Jean Chisholm, Caylee Raber, Sari Raber
Aboriginal Education, College of New Caledonia, Canada; Aboriginal Resource Centre,
College of New Caledonia, Canada; Aboriginal Gathering Place, Emily Carr University of
Art + Design, Canada; Health Design Lab, Emily Carr University of Art + Design,
Canada; 5University of British Columbia Family Practice, Canada
This project explores Indigenous-led arts and material practice workshops as a form of
cultural safety education by fostering dialogue between non-Indigenous healthcare
students and Indigenous students in the Lheidli T’enneh Territory (Prince George,
Canada). Uniquely, this project is led by an art and design university, and combines
Indigenous and designerly ways of knowing to consider an approach to cultural safety
education that is not solely focused on the healthcare student or practitioner as the
learner, but includes the community as key contributors to the learning experience.
Core to the workshop model is the combination of sharing Indigenous histories and
the current state of systemic racism, with the making of drums, rattles and other
Indigenous material practice. The paper will provide an in-depth overview of the four
key components of the workshop model — convening, sharing, making, and resting —
and discusses the role of designers in supporting this cultural safety education
initiative.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.705
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16 What Legal Design could be: Towards an
expanded practice of inquiry, critique, and action

NuLawLab (Dan Jackson, Miso Kim, Jules Rochielle Sievert, Sankalp Bhatnagar)
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1083
Disciplinarity and the modes of Legal Design

Michael Doherty
Lancaster University, United Kingdom
This paper examines the emerging field of Legal Design through a critical reflection on
the literature on academic disciplines and disciplinarity and argues that Legal Design
does meet the criteria for recognition as an emerging academic sub-discipline. Its
central contention is that Legal Design academics (together with their collaborative
partners) have a timely opportunity to intentionally design the modalities of their
nascent discipline. Academic disciplines can be understood in various ways. Whether
this is, for example, from a sociological or an anthropological perspective, Legal Design
has the chance to examine the human experience of disciplinarity and to consciously
build an academic discipline that works for its users, be they academic practitioners,
students or wider professional communities.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.537
Legal design could and should be more sociolegal

Amanda Perry-Kessaris
University of Kent, United Kingdom
Legal design could and should be more sociolegal. Sociolegal research can offer
conceptual frameworks, empirical methods and data, and normative direction to legal
design. At the same time, designerly methods can enhance the abilities of sociolegal
researchers to make and communicate sense of things to, with and for themselves,
academics in other disciplines, and the wider world. So, if legal designers were to
engage more deeply and systematically with sociolegal research and researchers,
benefits could flow to legal design, to cross-disciplinary research and to the wider
world.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.281
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Liberatory legal design and radical imagination
Hallie Jay Pope
University of Utah, United States of America
This paper briefly summarizes the concept of radical imagination, urges legal
designers, advocates, and organizers to engage in radical imagination whenever
confronting problems of subordination, and suggests a practical, playful method for
doing so.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.689
Beyond design thinking and into speculative futures in legal design

Karma Dabaghi
Lebanese American University, Lebanon (Lebanese Republic)
The Legal Design movement has succeeded in proposing change to communities
through collaboration between the legal and design professions. As a result, new kinds
of empathetic solutions have been introduced where the citizen experience is
prioritized over commercial goals. Still missing from Legal Design, however, is a
stronger understanding of current theoretical literature in design that is questioning
the ontology of the discipline and formulating new scenarios of transition toward the
future. This paper encourages an embrace of these methodologies and cautions
against their use without a solid understanding of the present and a real
understanding of their potential effects. The methods of “futuring” used by designers
can help the legal profession imagine better futures with a view toward
implementation. These futures keep the moral compass straight for leaders whose
exercise of power leads to injustice and how people can have access to justice,
governance, and accountability within difficult situations.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.307
James v Birnmann: The potential of critical design for examining

legal issues
Phoebe Walton
The current approach of legal design is solution-driven, with design considered a
series of methodological steps used to improve existing legal systems. Such an
approach fails to address systemic problems within these systems, and can instead
exacerbate such issues. So far, there has been insufficient examination into the kinds
of design used in conjunction with legal problems. This paper considers the potential
of critical design to challenge more fundamental issues than those currently
addressed with legal design. Through the project ‘James v Birnmann’, the paper
illustrates how critical design can widen the discussion around legal issues, challenging
the public’s perception of existing systems, which can assist in legal reform. The paper
concludes that whilst it is important that critical design projects take place within the
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culture of critical design studios, they can also work alongside, inform and challenge
more traditional legal design practices.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.393
What if data protection embraced foresight and speculative

design?
Arianna Rossi, Régis Chatellier, Stefano Leucci, Rossana Ducato, Estelle Hary
SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg; CNIL — Commission nationale de
l'informatique et des libertés, France; European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS),
Europe; Law Faculty, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Due to rapid technological advancements and the growing “datafication” of our
societies, individuals’ privacy constitutes an increasingly explored speculative space
for regulators, researchers, practitioners, designers and artists. This article reports two
experiences at a national and an international data protection authority (i.e., the
Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés - CNIL - and the European
Data Protection Supervisor - EDPS - respectively), where foresight methods and
speculative design are employed in policy-making with the goal of anticipating
technological trends, their implications for society and their impact on regulations, as
well as the effects of existing and upcoming laws on emerging technologies. Such
initiatives can enhance strategic proactive abilities, raise public awareness of privacy
issues and engender a participatory approach to the design of policies. They can also
inspire the research, education and practice of legal design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.681
Locked down with abusers: Designing for the dignity and

autonomy of domestic violence survivors during the COVID-19
pandemic
Miso Kim, Dan Jackson, Jules Sievert, Morgan Wilson
Northeastern University, United States of America
The COVID-19 pandemic and national quarantine requirements exacerbated domestic
violence, as survivors had to stay at home with their abusers with limited access to
communication channels or resources for help. In this project, a team of lawyers,
designers, and technologists collaborated to assist a domestic violence clinic at a law
school to design services to help student attorneys and advocates to better connect
with domestic violence survivors who sought legal help during the pandemic. The aim
of this service was to support the domestic violence survivors with remote assistance,
such as remote intake, a safe means of collecting information, and access to court
forms to file abuse-prevention orders. This COVID-19 rapid response case study
contributes to the emerging field of legal design by showcasing how the
interdisciplinary collaboration of law, design, and technology can help enhance
stakeholders' dignity and autonomy in the design of services.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.298
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Designing inside and alongside the system: working with residents
of Ferguson, Missouri on police reform
Alix Gerber
Designing Radical Futures, United States of America
After uprisings exposed the racial bias of policing in Ferguson, Missouri in 2014, the
U.S. Department of Justice committed the city to a process of court-ordered reform.
This paper outlines a creative exploration of two design approaches to impacting
policymaking and legal reform in this context: a Participant Designer approach that
sought to include more people’s lived experience and perspectives in policymaking,
and a Speculative approach that worked to reframe the discussion from a problem
about policing to an opportunity to imagine new forms of public safety. These
approaches explored ways of working inside and alongside the legal system, on one
hand synthesizing resident perspectives, on the other allowing them to diverge and
conflict. They showed ways of both following and leading participatory processes as a
designer.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.438
Designing with theories: producing Legal Design diffractively in

courts of justice
Joaquin Santuber, Jonathan A. Edelman
Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam, Germany; This is Legal Design GbR,
Germany; Center for Advanced Design Studies, United States of America
This paper proposes Designing with Theories as an invitation to approach Legal De-
sign practices and studies differently. We take advantage of a rich and diverse
theoretical tradition that allows us to expand the applications and impact of Legal
Design. Building on diffraction as a methodology, we articulate this invitation by
suggesting seven theories and approaches to designing for justice differently. In a
generative and provocative style, we ask seven times the question “what if we design
for justice from X theory?”. For each theory, we provide the main assumptions,
followed by sense-making with examples from a case study on Chilean courts of
justice. Each section is divided by a visual intermezzo as a space for reflection. Our
contribution is twofold. First, we propose a new approach to Legal Design. Second, we
provide fellow researchers and practitioners with new possibilities — and how to create
them- to imagine alternative futures for justice.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.697
What Legal Design Is as opposed to Could/Should be

Sankalp Bhatnagar
NuLawLab, Northeastern University School of Law, United States of America
How come legal designers keep relying on design things that make change appear
possible when we know that legal things are more reliable at making change actually
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possible? We argue for an understanding of what legal design is as opposed to could /
should be in terms of actual change (sensed as changes of a world) and the
appearance of change (sensed as changed in the world). We describe what things and
background practices are and do, what design things and legal things are and do, and
what designers and lawyers or judges are and tend to do. We conclude with a
discussion of what legal designers could/should be doing and what will stand in their
way.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.669
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17 Healthcare systems

Stella Boess and Haiou Zhu
Design research at the border of art, technology, and healthcare:

Interdisciplinary challenges of games for health research
Aslihan Tece Bayrak
Media Design School, New Zealand
Healthcare research is increasingly becoming more multidisciplinary with the
involvement of various disciplines outside the medical sciences including but not
limited to engineering, computer science, human computer interaction, and games.
Since game development is interdisciplinary, games for health (G4H) encloses
transitions between technology, humanities, social sciences, and health &
rehabilitation. At an overlapping discourse of multi-disciplinarity, inter-disciplinarity,
and trans-disciplinarity, this paper presents design research as a core research
methodology for G4H research via reflecting on a G4H project. The aims of the paper
are (1) motivating the use of design research for G4H, (2) reflecting on the challenges
of interdisciplinary research, and (3) initiating a discourse for a more informed research
practice and a well-directed research future in the areas of G4H.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.738
Health Information Design Model (HIDeM): a replicable model of

the design process for data-intensive applications in health
informatics
Antonio Solano, Miso Kim
Flatiron Health; Northeastern University, United States of America
Genetic and healthcare data have experienced an explosion in the last decade and
with it, a deluge of new and cutting-edge research as well as digital tools and software.
However, visualizing and working with such large amounts of information also poses
organizational challenges in transdisciplinary collaboration between scientific domain
experts and design professionals. We propose Health Information Design Model
(HIDeM), a collaborative process model with a novel series of principles and activities
that tackle the specific nature of digital, data-intensive products for scientific research
while considering different organizational contexts. The model was developed in
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collaboration with several domain experts in the life sciences and has been tested in
diverse scenarios. We also present a use case that demonstrates this model’s
potential and outcomes.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.208
Systematic Review of Community-Led Initiatives Fighting the

Opioid Crisis and Opportunities for Design
Sebastian Ramirez-Loaiza, Claudia Rebola
University of Cincinnati, United States of America
The opioid epidemic has been declared a health emergency in the US. This crisis has
been addressed from multiple perspectives and by different stakeholders, like
communities that have participated in self-organizing and mobilizing to fight back the
crisis from a bottom-up approach. Community-led initiatives have been fundamental in
tackling the opioid epidemic with education, service linkage, and distributing Naloxone,
an overdose-reversing medicine. They are also the perfect space for social innovation
because they can strengthen social relationships, however, little has been written
about the role of Design in these organizations. The purpose of this paper is to
conduct a systematic review of community-led initiatives tackling the opioid crisis, an
assessment of their strategies of action, and the presence of Design. Finally, we
discuss 3 of the gaps in the practice where design can generate impact and offer
means of innovation.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.468
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18 Doing and undoing
post-anthropocentric design

Li Jönsson, Martín Tironi, Pablo Hermansen and Alex Wilkie
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1068
Designing & worlding: Prototyping equivocal encounters

Pablo Hermansen, Martín Tironi
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
To sustainably coexist with other ontologies, human beings must overcome the
perception of being the center of the world. This article describes how a video log
refuted the initial — anthropocentric — hypothesis explaining the breakdown of an
experiment with Judy and Gombe, chimpanzees that inhabit the National Zoo of Chile.
This shows that it is wrong to ascribe human affects and reactions to other ontologies,
and also that there is a long way to go to apprehend, comprehend, and sustainable
coexist with other ontologies in more-than-human ecosystems.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.330
Design beyond the human world of management and

organizations: Towards a cosmology for the Anthropocene
Emmanuel Bonnet, Diego Landivar, Alexandre Monnin, Ulises Navarro Aguiar
ESC Clermont Business School, France; HDK-Valand Academy of Art and Design,
University of Gothenburg, Sweden
In this paper, we intend to make explicit the shared ontological foundation of design
and management and question them in light of the advent of the Anthropocene. To do
so, we first draw these disciplines closer before qualifying their common ground as an
underlying “cosmology they share”. This cosmology is characterized by the centrality
of the notion of organization. We argue that design as well as design knowledge must
be assessed with regards to this peculiar cosmology. We call for the need to go
beyond what we call the “monism of organizations” or the “organized world”. We
propose a new direction for design oriented equally a) toward the organized world,
setting the task of suitably deconstructing it or properly shutting it down, and b)
towards the Earth itself, in search of a new, more adequate cosmology and more
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sustain-able forms of life rather than trying to hubristically improve the habitability of
the world.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.654
Narrating ecological grief and hope through reproduction and

translations
Li Jönsson, Kristina Lindström
Malmö University, Sweden
The Swedish government has decided that Sweden will become carbon neutral by
2045. What are the implications for us as citizens in such a transition? What formats
allow us to favour careful transformation over progress through radical innovation? In
this paper, we attempt to understand grief and hope in the context of this transition.
We describe a designerly format of re-production and translation aimed at collectively
working through potential future changes, uncertainties and loss. Influenced by plaster
moulding techniques used at a closed-down pottery, we invite participants to
reproduce and translate original animal and plant motifs into present circumstances.
These practical hands-on engagements allow us to notice and articulate change in
relation to the past and orient ourselves towards uncertain futures. Hope can be found
in the ruins of industries, in locally produced alternative energies and in small-scale
attempts to undo biodiversity loss.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.333
Making-with the environment through more-than-human design

Berilsu Tarcan, Ida Nilstad Pettersen, Ferne Edwards
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
Current climate and ecological crises require questioning currently dominant under-
standings and relations to nonhumans. While design is a human-centered field and
practice, many intruders or competing theories challenge human-centered approaches
and propose ways to include nonhumans in design. This article explores different
perspectives for post-anthropocentric design approaches and focuses on how design
can approach the notion more-than-human as an intruder to human-centered design.
Proposing practice-based studies of making-with the environment as an alternative to
human-centered design, it explores how to design beyond ideas of “human progress”.
Firstly, more-than-human and related concepts are introduced. Secondly, how human-
centered design can be challenged is explained through the concept of core theories
and intruders, relating it with “more-than-human” and posthuman theories. Afterwards,
traditional knowledge is introduced as a concept to explore more-than-human
approaches, and a case study is introduced as a post-anthropocentric making activity.
The case study demonstrates that designers should acknowledge and listen to
traditional and indigenous knowledges, while shifting to a more-than-human design
approach.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.347
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Shitty stories: Experimenting with probiotic participation through
design
Tau Lenskjold, Danielle Wilde
University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
The Shit! project brings focus to the human-gut microbiome, to consider how we might
move towards more harmonious coexistence with the uncountable microscopic
entities that inhabit our gut. The work recognizes humans as multi-species
assemblages, and the Western scientific models that form how we conceptualize,
measure and engage with ourselves as embodied species, insufficient to account for
the multiplicity of relational scales at play. We present a workshop undertaken with the
Danish Colitis and Crohn’s Patient Association that converges food, fæces and
performativity. We position this work as an exploration of what we provisionally term
probiotic participation through design. Framed as a collective inquiry, the workshop
examines the potential of multispecies narratives among people suffering from chronic
gastrointestinal disorders. We argue that one avenue towards better human-gut
microbiome co-existence could be threaded through participatory, material and
embodied design engagements—with fæces—caught up in and entangled with
participants’ other concerns.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.521
Why would I ever fry and eat my SCOBY? It would be like murder! :
Attuning to nonhumans through kombucha fermentation practices
Aybars Senyildiz, Emilija Veselova
Department of Design, Aalto University, Finland; NODUS Sustainable Design Research
Group, Department of Design, Aalto University, Finland
Kombucha fermentation is a multispecies activity guided by human-microbe
interactions. This study investigates kombucha fermentation practices as a platform
to recognize relationality with nonhuman microbes. For this, relational theories enable
reframing human-microbe relations by focusing on reciprocity and interconnectedness
within multispecies relations. The empirical research consists of interviews, a design
probing task, and a collective reflection workshop with kombucha brewers. The
empirical research delivers insights into the agency of microbes, sensory experiences,
and embodied knowledge in kombucha fermentation practices. Findings investigate
how humans attune to the needs of microbes, and the role of embeddedness in ethical
doings. In this way, the study explores alternative ways of relating to nonhumans
beyond prevalent human exceptionalist mindsets in design and sustainability. By
interpreting the research findings, the research proposes methodological and
theoretical implications for designers to enable recognition of relationality with
nonhumans.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.318
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19 Design innovation and strategy

Milene Gonçalves and Sander Välk
Design Innovation Strategy for an IoT Startup in Xiaomi Business

Ecosystem — A Case Study of Yeelight Technology
Jiao Song, Wei-Ken Hung, Lin-Lin Chen
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Jiangsu University of
Technology, China; National United University, Taiwan; Eindhoven University of
Technology, the Netherlands
Through case study and in-depth interviews, this research investigated the
development process of an IoT startup company—Yeelight Technologies—to gain
insights about resources sharing and co-creation between an IoT smart hardware
startup and the Xiaomi business ecosystem. The research findings show that during
the life cycle of a start-up venture, certain cooperative strategies were employed to
create partnerships to lower risks, to provide expertise transfer in a complementary
fash-ion, and to create value while mitigating competition in the vulnerable start-up
phase. The initial support in design expertise from Xiaomi played a vital and
indispensable role for Yeelight in strengthen its design expertise, enabling the latter
transition phase where Yeelight developed its own design strategy to compete with
globally well-known lighting brands. The case study provides a reference about how an
IoT smart hardware startup cooperates with a major company with a strong business
ecosystem.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.383
An Analysis of Design Maturity Models used in Design

Organizations
Nandhini Giri, Erik Stolterman
Purdue University; Indiana University Bloomington
Maturity models are structures that help assess key performance metrics and provide
guidelines for assessment and growth in various areas of an organization. In this paper
we review some of the significant design maturity frameworks that are used by
practitioners in design organizations. The field of design is ramifying with emerging
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forms of design practice and requires a need to study maturity models from the
perspective of practitioners in design organizations. The pandemic has disrupted
normal organizational operations forcing practitioners to discuss the need for maturity
models in workplaces that follow the new normal. This necessitates a review of
significant maturity models recommended by practitioners as effective models for
design practices during the pandemic era for organizational operations. We catalogue
the study insights into three categories of maturity models which are (1) design-
oriented industry models (2) organizational design models and (3) user experience
models.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.276
Infrastructuring the foundations for a Service-Dominant

Orientation
Lourenço Viana
Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa
Design has been identified as a transformational approach to help organisations build
capabilities to become customer-centred and adopt a Service-Dominant Orientation.
However, there’s a need to study how to develop the enabling structures that support
and sustain these capabilities in time and at scale. This study explores how
transformational work developed at a large international retailer helped develop the
enabling structures that support these organisational level capabilities. The concept
“infrastructuring” is proposed as a valid construct to analyse the ongoing strategic
design work done to support the adoption of new practices and tools that will shape a
new organisational logic and set the conditions for the introduction of service design.
This work suggests designers should refocus their attention beyond methods and
tools, acknowledging the hidden infrastructures inhibiting transformation within
organisations.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.407
Two Approaches to Foresight-Driven Design

Anna Victoria Bredtved Mountford, Bo Thomas Christensen
Copenhagen Business School, Denmark
As a response to rapid and uncertain environmental change, foresight has emerged as
an approach offering a future-oriented framing to design practice. Using theory on
foresight, design, and change management, this paper reports a case study on how
companies engage with foresight combined with design at a strategic level to become
more future-oriented in their process and better prepared for taking long term action
in the present. Through observations and interviews, the study follows companies
participating in the development program Future Now facilitated by the Danish Design
Center. We identify two distinct company approaches to foresight-driven design,
involving distinct types of reasoning about the future, and leading to different types of
strategic directionality. Further, we explore strategic timing and resources as possible
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moderators for which of the two approaches companies adopt. Our findings illuminate
the different ways foresight can be used in combination with design at a strategic
level.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.551
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20 Curation, museums, and exhibition design
Session chair and co-chairs

Mikel Azcona, Carla Molins-Pitarch, Mimi Nguyen
Storing cultural archives in synthetic DNA: An integrated

prospective design investigation
Emily Groves, Romain Talou, Andrea Schneider, Nicolas Henchoz
EPFL+ECAL Lab, Switzerland
As cultural institutions digitize their archives, they become more accessible and
versatile. However, there are significant economic and environmental costs to
maintaining large databases over time. Synthetic DNA is an emerging technology that
can store data at high density, with almost no energy, for thousands of years. Yet, as
technical advances bring DNA storage closer to everyday use, little has been done to
understand how we will interact with the technology and accept it into society. We
developed an integrated prospective design approach to investigate these challenges.
This included participative workshops, narrative building and the design of three
tangible DNA storage objects. User evaluations showed how summarized information
within the object strengthens understanding and appreciation of the technology. We
also gathered insights around material and societal perception. This work opens
perspectives for the adoption of long-term sustainable preservation for cultural
archives, and pushes prospective design methodologies into far-future contexts.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.395
Museum and exhibit design: how forms and places of knowledge

exchange influence community participation and empowerment
Sophie Nakashima, Chiara Del Gaudio
School of Industrial Design, Carleton University, Canada
Museums have been criticized for sharing a singular narrative that does not reflect the
diverse beliefs and values of their communities. Participatory design has been
recognized as an approach capable of processes that allow communities to contribute
to designing museums and exhibits. However, as the participatory design processes
change according to the specific situation, they can lead to a wide range of outcomes,
and degrees of community participation. This paper explores how a specific element of
the participatory design approach, knowledge exchange, influences the degree of
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community participation. Three examples of participatory design processes in
museum and exhibit design are analyzed and compared to understand how the degree
of participation varies through Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation. Results reveal
that processes that are community-driven and embrace frequent knowledge
exchange between designers and community members achieve higher levels of
community participation.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.538
How to design tangible learning experiences – A literature review

about science exhibit design
Tina Bobbe, Robert Fischer
Industrial Design Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Centre
for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI)
Designing science exhibits that promote visitor engagement and learning remains a
challenge. While theoretical models about visitor learning has been thoroughly
addressed in the academic literature, there is little empirical knowledge about actual
exhibit design. This takes place in a landscape of rapidly developing interaction
technologies, while the demand for inclusion and equity measures increases. This
literature review aims at bridging knowledge from across various disciplines to offer a
recent and comprehensible overview, providing a new status quo for further research
and practice in exhibit design. Beginning with a definition and introduction of central
terms and theoretical constructs around informal learning and visitor experience, the
paper continues with a chronological overview of exhibit design research. Finally, a
comprehensive female-promoting science exhibit design framework is presented, and
major research gaps are identified.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.195
Who’s place is it? Enacted territories in the museum

Jennie Andersson Schaeffer, Ksenija Komazec, Elsa Vaara, Andreea Strineholm,
Helena Tobiasson
Mälardalen University, Sweden; Västmanlands County Museum; RISE Research
Institutes of Sweden
There is a growing trend to embrace the idea of public participation in the work of
museums, from exhibition design to collections. To further develop participatory
cultures in museums, these negotiations and emerging practices should be examined
more closely.
This paper explores a museum’s whole-hearted attempt to engage with the societal
issue of climate change and work with a high degree of participation from civic society
when staging a temporary exhibition. We investigate experiences in the process of
building, measuring, separating and transgressing during the collaboration.
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Based on these explorations the paper presents three emerging and interconnected
territories in the staging of participatory temporary exhibitions, the territory of
aesthetics, the territory of action (autonomy), and the territory of unpredictability. The
result contributes to research on public participatory practices mainly in museum
context.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.797
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21 Design process / design theory

Colin Gray and Cathryn Anneka Hall
Creation and characterization of design spaces

John Gero, Julie Milovanovic
University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States of America
Designers advance in the design processes by creating and expanding the design
space where the solution they develop unfolds. This process requires the co-evolution
of the problem and the solution space through design state changes. In this paper, we
provide a methodology to capture how designers create, structure and expand their
design space across time. Design verbalizations from a team of three professional
engineers are coded into design elements from the Function Behavior Structure
ontology to identify the characteristics of design state changes. Three types of
changes can occur: a change within the problem space, a change within the solution
space or a change between the problem and the solution space or inversely. The paper
explores how to represent such changes by generating a network of design concepts.
By tracking the evolution of the design space over time, we represent how the design
space expands as the design activity progresses.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.265
Ontogenesis as a Model for Design Processes

Otto Paans
HeusschenCopier Landscape Architects, The Netherlands
The technical rationality (TR) and reflective practice (RP) paradigms have heavily
influenced thinking about design and design cognition in the 20th century. This paper
concisely highlights some of the features and limitations of these paradigms. In
particular, it develops the suggestion that we require a new “root metaphor” or leading
set of concepts to develop our thinking about designing beyond the work of Donald
Schön. Building on this assumption, this paper examines some useful aspects of
selected concepts developed by Gilbert Simondon, in particular the notion of
ontogenesis. Furthermore, it is argued that Simondon’s thought helps us to connect
epistemology to the fluidity of lived experience. The suggestion is made that a so-
called ontogenetic approach is better suited to deal with the inevitable fluidity and
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developmental character of experience itself, and that this could be new approach for
thinking about design processes.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.280
Connecting Creative Product Design Processes to Creative

Product Design Outcomes: A Scoping Review
Peiying Jian, Jin Gu, Alison Olechowski
University of Toronto, Canada
Generating repeatable guidelines for designing creative products has long been an aim
of the design research community. Even so, a widely trusted or agreed-upon process
has not yet emerged. As a first step toward this goal, it is important to take stock of
the reported connections between creative design processes and creative design
outcomes. Thus, we conducted a scoping review focusing on creative prod-uct design.
Our search identified 130 papers published from 1969 to 2021. The most frequent
study type was a proposal paper (n = 53). Twenty-seven of the included papers used
experimental methods. When connecting the creative design process to the outcome,
72 papers theorized about how the targeted design process could influence design
outcome creativity; 58 papers used empirical methods to assess outcome creativity.
These findings suggest that more empirical studies are needed to examine the
process-to-outcome association in creative product design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.657
Reframing advanced manufacturing ontologies through an

exploration of ductus
Lewis Urquhart, Andrew Wodehouse
University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom
Ontologies of manufacturing and making have received closer attention in recent
years thanks to a renewed interest in materiality and questions of form-emergence
and form perception. This work argues that the hylomorphic ontologies dominant
within advanced manufacturing can be challenged through the introduction of a
“ductus” concept, which relates to the traces left by unique material interactions and
energy transferences as artefacts are fabricated. Drawing on multiple strands of
scholarship, this paper develops a new ontological model integrating material-process
relationships and end user experiences with the ductus of the making process at its
core. This model is illustrated and elucidated, and the implications for design and
manufacturing researchers and practitioners are discussed.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.381
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22 Design strategies for resilient organisations
Session chair
Sylvia Liu
Editorial
Ida Telalbasic, Sotiris T. Lalaounis, Sylvia Liu
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1077
Fostering resilience: The potential of design to support strategic

agility
Olivia Harre, Luca Simeone, Cathrine Seidelin
IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Aalborg University, Denmark; University of
Copenhagen, Denmark
‘Strategic agility’– i.e., how organizations can strategically plan and cope with
uncertainty through a continuous tuning, monitoring, and re-balancing of their
operations — has been characterized as a critical component to foster organizational
resilience. This paper aims at investigating whether and how design can support
organizations to acquire greater strategic agility. Our analysis is grounded in a case of
a globally operating software company that has recently established a design team
and introduced design methods in its development processes. The paper shows how
design favoured processes that are generally linked to strategic agility (distancing,
anticipating, reframing, experimenting, decoupling, and dialoguing). Taken together,
these processes were key in building the strategic agility needed in transitioning from
a product- centric orientation towards a user- and service-centred approach.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.275
Restrategizing for the post-pandemic era: Service design for

digital transformation in the art and cultural sector
Anu Norrgrann, Miia Lammi, Srushti Shah
Design Centre Muova, Vaasa University of Applied Sciences, Finland
This paper explores the challenges of entrepreneurs and organisations within the art
and cultural fields in meeting the challenges of digital transformation. Drawing on a
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multidisciplinary conceptual framework, and a qualitative empirical investigation
comprising four case studies, which illuminate how cultural field organisations and
entrepreneurs have adapted to the market disruption caused by the Covid19-
pandemic through digital service innovation means, we propose a model for a four
stage service design programme, which links design methods as concrete
development tools for assisting companies develop innovative digital services and
restrategise in post-pandemic markets.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.687
Service design in organisational change

Qian Sun
This paper reports an empirical study analysing 80 projects delivered by two leading
service design agencies to understand the relevance and breadth of service design to
organisational change. The analysis revealed two clearly divided camps of service
design practice, playing different roles in organisational change and representing two
distinct definitions of service design. Some projects evidenced that service design had
the potential to move into the realm of transdisciplinary innovation and facilitate
collaboration across boundaries and to engage various stakeholders in searching for
solutions to complex problems. This makes service design practice of this kind acutely
relevant in addressing the challenges facing our society from the COVID-19 pandemic.
This paper approaches the topic from two specific angles; one is taking a systemic
approach and the other is focusing on service design practice and the sector. It
provided much needed empirical evidence to understand how service design practice
is used in and contributes to organisational change. Further, it contributes to the
current discussion about the definition, boundary and context of service design
practice.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.416
Systemic design's guidelines to implement organizational change

Caterina Rosini, Silvia Barbero
Politecnico di Torino, Italy
In the future, organisations must face sudden changes and increase competitiveness.
Firms need to have resources and competencies to set a strategic advantage in the
business context to survive. This paper describes two management models used to
define strategy and implement benefits for the firm and compares them with a
systemic framework and the Systemic Design Approach. The comparison highlights
the necessity to analyse organisations considering their complexity in terms of
resources and interactions between spheres and roles. This evidence led us to sustain
that Systemic Design can provide a better approach to organisational complexity and
could be able to manage the multiple interactions that an organisational
implementation requires. The result is defining Systemic Design guidelines to
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implement the Systemic framework better and developing a toolkit to support firms in
their organisational processes.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.625
Designing for dynamic stability in an uncertain world: A media

content study of the aviation industry
Euiyoung Kim, Sara Beckman, Ki-Hun Kim, Sicco Santema
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; University of California, Berkeley,
United States of America; Pusan National University, South Korean
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused radical restructuring of many industries including
the aviation industry. Seeking a deeper understanding of how organizations are
responding to this disruption, we use media content analysis of 331 news articles to
extract approaches used in the aviation industry in response to Covid-19 and
clustered them in six categories: research, reframe, repurpose, reimagine, redesign and
resile (be resilient). We suggest that, taken collectively, these six approaches may
provide a framework that companies might leverage to achieve dynamic stability —
the ability of a system to return to steady state after a significant disturbance — as
the ecosystems in which they operate continue to change and evolve. The framework
provides guidance for developing resilience in the face of both short- and long-term
change.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.376
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23 Culture-sensitive design

Juan Giusepe Montalván Lume and Isaac Ortega Alvarado
Documenting new design ontologies

Tracy Manuel
University of California at Davis, United States of America
Ontological design — characterized by the understanding that what we design designs
us — has been invoked as a necessary framing in redirecting the design discipline
toward more pluralistic and sustainable ends. In this paper, I situate ongoing
conversations about process documentation within emergent conversations
surrounding ontological design, considering ways in which innovative documentation
practices may support new ontological agendas. By considering process
documentation as a hermeneutical, knowledge-making practice, I speculate ways that
new, experimental modes of process documentation may afford designers — and
design itself — new vantage points from which to (re)interpret design practice and the
discipline writ large. To this end, I sketch out some preliminary ideas of what
ontological documentation may look like. In particular, I explore how deliberately open-
ended (or even speculative) approaches to design documentation could invite critical
reflection and collaborative meaning-making — inviting more voices to shape the
narratives and ontologies of design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.494
Towards an Object-Oriented Design Ontology

Avsar Gurpinar
Loughborough University, United Kingdom
Object-oriented ontology, speculative realism, new materialism, and similar
contemporary philosophies, proposing alternative theories to understand the world
and relations within, became more prevalent and effective in the last two decades.
However, expect several solitary examples; these do not seem to be having a
transformative effect on design disciplines, theory, and practices. This paper initially
introduces primary theorisations of object-oriented thinking and how these theories
would inform design thinking, education, theory and practice. The author argues that
this is not, by no means, an option or alternative, but is a necessity, an urging
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fundamental transformation waiting to happen, considering the current environmental,
social and cultural concerns of our age.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.728
Resistance, Social Reproduction and emerging commitments for

collaborative design from the margins
Nathaly Pinto, Brenda Vertiz, Andrea Botero
The paper introduces two design research cases tracing how the concepts and
experiences of resistance and social reproduction can help design research become a
more assertive part of the coding that interprets, exposes and disputes social reality,
particularly in Latin America. Through reflections on (1) a design intervention
contributing to an Indigenous popular education initiative in the Ecuadorian Amazon
and (2) a series of ongoing public space design interventions taking place in colonias
populares of Mexico City, we propose four interrelated commitments (visibility,
sustainment, tensions and collectivity) to orient ourselves in understanding what it
actually takes to build knowledge and create resources together.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.648
Transilience: Assemblage and relationality in a complex urban

setting
Radhika Roy
RMIT University Melbourne, Australia
Social change is experienced profoundly by adult youth in India, especially in cities like
Delhi with large rural migrant populations. This youth is a generation in transition, with
aspirations and experiences that are different from their communities of origin.
However, their perceptions of their world have rarely been documented qualitatively, in
their own voice.
My doctoral research, titled Transilience, which means ‘to leap across’, is a practice-
based reflection on my work as a social designer within this milieu, and specifically
focuses on how adult youth perceive themselves and their context, to explore ways to
reframe the way social design practitioners mediate participatory engagements with
youth.
This paper represents an integral part of the research; conversations with adult youth
in the urban slums of Delhi, conducted across two continents in the disruption of the
pandemic, causing methodological shifts that enhanced and revealed the research in
surprising ways.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.356
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Towards a framework for designing technology with Country: A
perspective from Australia
Siena White, Luke Hespanhol
Design Lab - School of Architecture, Design and Planning - The University of Sydney,
Australia
Lifestyles, principles and methods adopted by First Nations peoples have attracted
increased interest from non-Indigenous researchers and professionals. Following
greater awareness about the destructive effects of colonization on sustainable pre-
colonial ways of living that thrived for millennia, a growing movement towards
understanding of Indigenous ways of relating to Country has led to questions about
culturally and environmentally appropriate approaches to design digital systems,
technologies, services, and products. In this paper, we investigate recently emerging
frameworks for design with Country identified from the literature, compiling a list of 40
precepts and 15 principles to inform our interaction design process. Furthermore, we
propose a process timeline, mapping to it the identified principles and a set of
methods.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.270
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24 Heritage and memorialisation

Robert Harland, Angelina Pan, Nikou Javadi, and Peiying Jian
Editorial
Robert Harland, Alison Barnes, Rob Tovey, and Jie Xu
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1072
Food’s urban graphic heritage in Walthamstow

Robert Harland, Alison Barnes
Loughborough University, United Kingdom; Western Sydney University, Australia
Food’s material and symbolic values are central to cultural heritage. Urban foodscapes
are dense in graphic communication, with memories and meanings that connect us
with place often triggered by food’s ‘graphic heritage’, for example, through fascia
signs, packaging, branding, patterns, and lettering. This paper’s focus is on everyday
grass roots manifestations of food’s graphic heritage within urban settings. It
introduces and argues that food’s urban graphic heritage ‘speaks’ differently to
diverse individuals and communities, inviting different interpretations that play a part
in the development of place attachment and social interaction. The paper also
proposes methods for the recording and analysis of these relatively understudied
urban features. Questions about what ‘design literacy’ might mean in a multicultural
context are discussed as well as notions of power and politics inherent within design
choices made in urban environments.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.441
84
Designing a tangible augmented reality experience for cultural
heritage research
Anitha Nathan, Daniella Kalinda, Lucas Hrynyshyn, Ellen Reade, Ravit David, Ali
Mazalek
Ryerson University, Canada; University of Toronto, Canada; Ontario College of Art and
Design University
The Tangible Augmented Reality Archives (TARA) is an augmented reality system
developed to assist cultural heritage researchers in remotely collecting and assessing
information on rare artifacts. Building on prior research, we designed TARA to address
challenges faced by cultural heritage researchers, including limited access to
collections, as well as the time and budget constraints associated with archival visits.
In this paper, we examine the use of augmented reality to advance cultural heritage
research, and describe a series of design explorations that explore tangible
interactions with remote cultural heritage artifacts. These include a three-dimensional
cube design, a two-dimensional prop design and an object-based design. We conclude
with a discussion of lessons learned from our design process and how this will impact
future designs.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.699
Arabic type in urban environments: A graphic heritage

Shaima Elbardawil
University of Shajrah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Graphic design as a cultural object can contribute to the design of heritage in various
ways. This study investigates the meaning of heritage and graphic design in relation to
culture and communication. It discusses cultural heritage in Arab states with reference
to Arabic type and introduces Naskh-style typefaces in wayfinding systems and
signage as a graphic urban heritage. This is done using a framework for analyzing
urban graphic heritage alongside empirical field study from the United Arab Emirates
and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The study reveals that graphic design provides
a unique framework toward understanding the role of typographic heritage in creating
human experiences with the urban environment.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.680
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25 Meta-design in the complexity of global
challenges
Session chairs
Paolo Ciuccarelli and Silvia Barbero
Editorial
Paolo Ciuccarelli, Nathan Felde, Paul Pangaro, Silvia Barbero
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1076
The politics of metadesign

Christian Nold
Open University, United Kingdom
This is a conceptual paper that explores the notion of metadesign which is premised
on redesigning design itself. It interrogates the claim that metadesign is ‘open’, ‘fluid’
and ‘democratising’ by analysing its literature and practices. The paper makes two
arguments. First, that metadesign is a theoretical power grab that prioritises language
at the expense of material design which separates it from other design approaches.
Second, that metadesign currently does not offer conceptual tools for observing and
analysing the politics of real-world metadesign. If metadesign wants to be a
democratising force, then it needs to question its legacy of transcendent language
and engage with metadesign in practice and the politics it enacts in the world.
Metadesign must shift towards ‘practice-based metadesign’ and work with concepts
from Science and Technology Studies such as ‘infrastructural inversion’ to observe the
politics of infrastructure and destabilise assumptions about discourse as immaterial
and structures as material.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.260
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Anatomy of a “technology”: Proposing a meta-design framework
for sustainability literacy that addresses the issue of efficacy in
modern socio-technical cultures
Nicole Sacchetti
Politecnico di Milano, Italy
In the era of the Anthropocene, where the climate crisis forces humankind to rethink
its values and systems of production, sustainability literacy becomes crucial for any
design practitioner. This paper aims to contribute to the extensive literature that
regards meta-design as a reflexive practice for the study of design purposes,
processes, methods, and outputs by outlining a meta-design framework to tackle the
modern artificial environments in which humankind has become naturalized.
Specifically, by inscribing modern “technologies” within Simondon’s concept of
“technical object”, it delineates the preliminary guidelines of a research approach for
design education that, drawing from Lemonnier’s chaîne opératoire and Leroi-
Gourhan’s degrés du fait, applies locally situated ethnographic explorations with
system analysis to the study of modern artifacts to stimulate self-reflexivity on
“efficacy” biases in design thinking.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.300
Designing for what? Approaching necessary production and

consumption for a circular economy
Isaac Arturo Ortega Alvarado, Ida Nilstad Pettersen
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
Circular economy (CE) is currently a 'hot topic' in design discourse. The focus of these
discourses has centered on product design, which is a core aspect of material
circularity. However, CE is more than products. This assumption is the base for a
research question: what should be the intention in designing for a CE? The recognition
of CE as a systemic transition opens up opportunities for other forms of design. These
forms should contribute to societal goals concerning why and what is produced –more
than the profit-making. We contend that a CE should not be approached from the
perspective of the usual actors, reduced to business/industry and waste management.
We propose instead to take discussions about the governance of production and
consumption as the starting point. Finally, we demonstrate the opportunity to open the
futuring of CE through participatory and discursive methods based on cycles of
speculation and visioning.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.767
87
Regeneration in action: Toward a new path for sustainable
research projects
Caroline Nowacki, Marguerite Foissac
frogLab
As COP26 just ended with moderate commitments from governments to keep global
warming under 1.5°C, how can designers contribute to fight climate change? Systemic
design has proposed to change design perspective from the user to the system in
which the user and the designer operate to envision better our social and
environmental impact. Regenerative design adds that we should aim for positive
instead of net-zero impact and change our mindset and practices to create the
conditions for all forms of life to thrive. If regenerative guidelines exist in urban design,
it is unclear how UX-UI designers should change their practices and profession for
regeneration. Based a participative research approach in a web design project, the
authors created a regenerative design compass to guide UX-UI practitioners to make
their projects regenerative. We also present the concrete actions we took to make our
website regenerative.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.764
Design for wellbeing during COVID-19: A cybernetic perspective on

data feedback loops in complex sociotechnical systems
Willem van der Maden, James Derek Lomas, Paul Hekkert
The COVID-19 pandemic has put wellbeing on the global agenda like never before.
Many businesses, organizations, and even governments have recognized wellbeing as
a formal policy goal. This paper addresses the question of how to design complex
systems to improve the wellbeing of their stakeholders. We present a case of helping a
university adopt a systematic approach to wellbeing assessment and improvement
during the COVID-19 crisis. To support the improvement of student and staff
wellbeing, we adopted a cybernetic perspective. Practically, this involved focusing on
the design of a feedback loop that used wellbeing assessments to inform
organizational actions. We argue that “off-the-shelf” assessments of wellbeing are
often insufficient for supporting a systemic response to data because they lack
context-sensitivity and actionability. While a “cybernetic perspective” may evoke a
sense of the inhuman or mechanical in the optimization of wellbeing, our case study
suggests otherwise. At least from our perspective, a society that aims to improve
wellbeing may look more like a deliberative or dialogical democracy than an automated
AI system.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.771
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A Meta-design research project to enhance the User Experience
of university's digital services ecosystem
Federica Colombo, Alice Paracolli, Venanzio Arquilla
Digitalisation is essential in contemporary institutions. Politecnico di Milano started to
re-think its digital services to design an application that could help students manage
every aspect of their daily university life, starting from their own goals and unmet
needs, while considering the complexity of the university system. The Meta-design
approach was adopted to redefine a public university's digital services, assuring the
users' centrality in the research and design process. Meta-design is a circular and
reflective method that enables the designer to continuously provide innovative
solutions, updating the product to the ever-changing user needs. This methodology is
the basis of User Experience practice. This paper demonstrates how Meta-design and
its pillars - 'user research', 'market analysis', and finally 'technology investigation'- led
to the ideation of an innovative and proactive concept for a mobile app where
students are the protagonists.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.580
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26 Sustainable design

Arlene Oak and Dan Lockton
Upcycling discarded HDPE plastic bags for creative exploration in

product design
Himani Deshpande, Jin Yu, Akash Talyan, Noah Posner, Clement Zheng, HyunJoo Oh
Texas A&M University, United States; Georgia Institute of Technology, United States;
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Upcycling enables new product production out of discarded materials. This paper
presents a new structured process to support designers to use discarded HDPE
plastic bags as useful and meaningful materials for creative exploration. The proposed
process involves a four-step fabrication workflow using tools and machines widely
available in design studios: (1) preparing a stack of plastic sheets, (2) fusing the stack
of materials to create a new plastic sheet with intended thickness, (3) cutting and
scoring the fused sheet to create parts, and (4) assembling the parts to build 3D
artifacts. To assist the fabrication, we also present a custom design software as an
add-on to an existing CAD environment and describe how we developed the
fabrication-aware design features through a workshop with seven students. We
demonstrate the feasibility and creative potential of the design and fabrication
process by four application examples and expert reviews with three product designers.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.266
Enhancing consumers’ willingness to repair electronic products:

How design can nudge sustainable behaviour
Renske van den Berge, Lise Magnier, Ruth Mugge
TU Delft, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, The Netherlands
Product repair can decrease the ecological burden of consumer electronics by
lengthening their lifetimes, but it is still too rarely practised by consumers. Design for
behaviour change can motivate consumers to undertake repair activities. An increased
level of repair self-efficacy can nudge consumers towards repair. In two experiments,
we tested the effects of a fault indication on consumers’ willingness to repair washing
machines, vacuum cleaners and stick vacuum cleaners. A fault indication is a signal
appearing on a product providing information about the occurring failure. For products
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that are relatively less likely to be repaired by a repair professional, the willingness to
repair increased significantly when a fault indication was present. The perceived level
of self-efficacy mediated these results. These results remained consistent among
different types of product failures. Finally, we provide implications for designers and
future opportunities on how to further stimulate consumers’ willingness to repair
electronic products.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.335
OptiWash: A Constructive Inquiry on Maintenance of Washing

Machines as an Everyday Practice
Kamila Kunrath, Anna Sophia Sørensen, Petra Kerepecká, Kartikeya Satish Acharya
Aarhus University, Denmark
Electrical and electronic equipment is the fastest growing waste stream globally, and
large appliances such as washing machines significantly contribute to this
environmental problem. Therefore, we look into maintenance as a practice to improve
the lifecycle and circularity of washing machines. To inquire into maintenance
practices, we undertook the development of a series of prototypes with a constructive
design research approach. The design of the prototypes incorporated nudge and
persuasive technologies as part of the inquiry. We present this inquiry for
understanding the gap between an everyday engagement with the washing machine
and the necessary maintenance practices for prolonging the use and durability of
these appliances. The final prototype, OptiWash, is presented not only as an object
that characterizes this gap but also as a device for facilitating the everyday
maintenance of washing machines and thus, prolonging the equipment lifespan and
minimizing waste of electrical and electronic equipment.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.559
Long-lasting smart products: Overview of longevity concepts in

sustainable ICT and Design for Sustainability
Ayşegül Özçelik, Markus Löchtefeld, Christian Tollestrup
Designing longer lasting smart products need a longevity understanding that is
informed by both Sustainable ICT and design for sustainability. By conducting a
literature review in both areas, we are able to identify longevity related concepts. We
briefly outline these ideas in the two fields before discussing their relationships to
reveal how they can contribute to one another. By nourishing the viewpoint from both
sides, we broaden our understanding of longevity. We conclude our research by
highlighting the gaps that (1) there is a need for applicable coping strategies for smart
products, (2) a fair division of responsibilities between the multiple actors, and (3) the
need for more interdisciplinary research to clarify longevity considerations.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.638
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Setting the stage: the value of contextual social research when
designing with local sustainability initiatives
Cyril Tjahja
Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
This paper presents an exploration of the (pre)conditions in which local energy
transition initiatives operate in the city of Groningen, the Netherlands, and to what
extent these conditions influence the co-design process. The findings show that
participation in such schemes is not necessarily a given, as local initiatives and
(design) practitioners can encounter several interrelated issues, which must be taken
into account before even considering a co-design approach to the energy transition.
Informed by insights from the social research studies conducted, the initial design-
centred approach was altered to incorporate (co)design in a more flexible and iterative
manner, inspiring new ways to collaborate.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.290
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27 Retail and brand design: Service futures,
innovation, and intelligence (DRSF SIG)
Session chairs
Katelijn Quartier, Catarina Lelis and Federico Vaz
Editorial
Katelijn Quartier
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1057
Fuzzy logic evaluation of customer loyalty in local, community, and

international cafes in Hong Kong
Bharati Das, Sylvia Xihui Liu
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R. (China)
It is a company’s paramount goal to achieve customer loyalty and expand its business.
The effectiveness of these business strategies is relative to customer loyalty which is
often pursued through a binary approach. This paper primarily focuses on a non-binary
approach using Mamdani Fuzzy logic to measure customer loyalty and compares the
outcomes with a binary approach. Also, the customer loyalty factors, including repeat
patronage and relative attitude, are explored. Further, a comparison of loyalty towards
various cafe categories in Hong Kong is presented. Customer Loyalty Matrix has been
used to classify the above cafes based on the loyalty factors. A sociological study has
been conducted where responses recorded from an online questionnaire are used to
measure the above loyalty factors. With the help of the questionnaire and parameter
touchpoints, the authors hope that companies will employ the dynamic loyalty factors
in practice to improve value creation and differentiation strategies.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.745
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Service design tool: How to use the ERRC decision model for
service designer to prioritize touchpoints
Chun-An Chang, Chun-Juei Chou
Department of Industrial Design, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
This research aims to remedy lack of design principle at touchpoints of customer
journey. ERRC decision model was developed to support designer in strategic
evaluating and taking design action in response to customer feedback at different
touchpoints. The model was constructed using customer feedback on experience and
four actions framework of Blue Ocean Theory. Designer can use customer experience
data to evaluate touchpoints along customer journey and, based on model’s
distribution result, link service delivery level to competitor and redesign to eliminate,
reduce, raise or create individual touchpoint.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.204
Can ritual experience be the jam to stick consumers and service

provider? The case study of ritual experience in Disney experience
as service design application
Derrick Yang, Tseng-Ping Chiu, Min-Yuan Ma
National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Service design has dominated the marketing strategies in recent years. This study
proposes a conventional ritual sandwich model that explores the ritual patterns hidden
in service and the intermediate interaction between consumer and industry, enhancing
user engagement and long-term recurring consumption. The study took Disneyland as
an example and extracted the interaction model between consumers and industry,
further interviewed for preliminary verification, found out that the core value of ritual
experience is generating unique meaning to consumers through experience the script
provided by the service provider, further transform to the internal trigger and
participatory motivation into the next cycle. It is hoped that the result of this study can
provide a new perspective on service design methods, provide a sustainable or long-
term service experience to service designers, e-commerce, or related industry as a
reference in the future.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.425
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A service design perspective on examining the business process
of customized services
Yu-Hui Lu, Hsien-Hui Tang
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
In the post-pandemic era, consumer behavior patterns have changed, and digital
transformation has become a hot topic. With high-touch service features, the
Taiwanese custom furniture industry has been depending on manual operations, and
the inconsistent internal business processes have resulted in the slow progress of
digital transformation plans. Therefore, the study aims to propose a more practical
planning model using service design thinking on business process perspectives. By
establishing explicit guidelines on back-of-stage interactions, the study intends to
standardize the sequence of the operations and reduce the improvements gap among
stakeholders. Meanwhile, through studying the service network of the case, we can
help businesses discover the critical elements for internal process optimization and
reaching consensus among stakeholders so as to serve as references for facilitating
service design and improving digital transformation effectiveness.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.621
How consumers interpret visually similar packaging

Ezgi Oguz, Jamie Marsden
University of Leeds, United Kingdom
This study explored how leader brands might use design to better manage the
challenge of copycat packaging. Online semi-structured interviews incorporating
photo-elicitation were conducted with 37 interviewees to understand how consumers
perceive and differentiate between visually similar packaging from fast-moving
consumer goods (FMCG) categories. Our findings show that participants find similarity
in colour scheme and similarity in product name more likely to lead to mistaken
purchases of copycat brands. These findings suggest that leader brands could
minimise the impact of copycat brands by using their packaging designs to emphasise
the protectable characteristics of their brands. This research contributes to the
discussion on copycat phenomena by highlighting how design can play a central role in
mitigating copycat packaging, and should be considered alongside more traditional
reactive mitigation tools.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.554
95
28 Futures of design education (Pluriversal
Design SIG and Education SIG)

Derek Jones, Lesley-Ann Noel, Renata Marques Leitao, Nicole Lotz, Liv Merete Nielsen,
Ingvild Digranes, Naz A.G.Z. Börekçi, James Corazzo
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1064
Australian architectural education in the pluriverse

Daniel Huppatz, Kirsten Day
Swinburne University of Technology, Australia; University of Melbourne, Australia
Among the design disciplines, architectural education in Australia has a unique
constraint: accreditation. On the one hand, competency requirements by accrediting
bodies potentially limit an educator’s autonomy and curriculum development. On the
other, competencies define and regulate a profession by ensuring standard knowledge
and skills. In this paper, we analyse the pedagogical and professional impacts of the
2021 “National Standard of Competencies” for Australian architects, particularly the
inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge for the first time. Together with the recent
Indigenous Design Charter — Communication Design, these competencies signal a
shift in Australian architectural and design education that suggests a vision closer to
Escobar’s “design for the pluriverse”. Embedding Indigenous Knowledge and world-
views through mandatory requirements is a first step in changing not only pedagogy
but also the design professions.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.278
Towards responsible interaction design education

Alma Leora Culén, Amela Karahasanovic
University of Oslo, Norway; SINTEF, Norway
This paper addresses the need and opportunities to align courses in interaction design
with ideas behind responsible research, design, and innovation by focusing on values,
responsibility, and longer-term and more sustainable perspectives. Rather than
discussing the design of new courses leveraging a specific perspective, e.g.,
sustainable interaction design, we suggest ongoing iterative transformations of an
existing course aiming to include multiple relevant perspectives toward responsible
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education in interaction design. The course re-design utilizes research through design
approach exploring how to position responsibility, values, and ontological perspectives
when teaching interaction design, using educational components that we identified as
a design material. The paper contributes by 1) leveraging the importance of
responsible education and 2) a method to ‘steer’ interaction design courses toward
more responsible education in interaction and related design fields concerned with
digital artefacts and interactions with technology.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.465
Workgroup curriculum: Design students & teachers co-designing

new ways of learning
Michael Hohl, Brigitte Hartwig, Uwe Gellert, Klaus Pollmeier, Vanessa Enigk, Tom
Gernegross, Lena Kozig
Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Germany
In this paper we present our ‘workgroup curriculum’, in which a group of dedicated
teachers and students work together to devise better ways of learning and teaching to
design. Formed in 2018 at Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, we work, in voluntary
weekly meetings, on developing a more learner centered curriculum and overall
learning experience. Our weekly workshops follow a structured approach, crucial
however, is that all members encounter one another on an eye level. Roles, such as
facilitating, writing minutes, timekeeping, off-topic, are rotated fairly among all
participants. Since then the workgroup has resolved small curricular dilemmas while
also devising larger curricular experiments. In this paper we will provide an insight into
our working methods and also briefly present and discuss some of our curricular
explorations. In this context we also discuss the limitations of ‘learning outcomes’ and
the importance of learning soft skills/social skills.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.217
By invitation only: a multidisciplinary framework for an industry-led

design approach.
Clara Fernandes, Yasser Suratman, Nur Hidayah Abu Bakar1
LASALLE College of the Arts, Singapore; UNIDCOM/IADE Research Unit, Portugal
Considering the issues faced by education during the pandemic, the need for design
programmes to synchronise with the industry is rather essential. The disconnect
between design students' studio practice during the pandemic has aggravated the
situation further, considering that the most appointed defect of design programmes is
their low involvement with the industry in multidisciplinary projects. What benefits for
design students and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to participate in industry-led
projects? How can those be implemented, considering the recovery state in which
many design programmes currently are? Through a survey with students who
participated in this brief (N=32), and interviews conducted with the alumni who
mentored them during the project (N=8), this mix-methods approach will refine the
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framework used in this project, involving industry partners and design programmes,
providing insight on how students can benefit from such projects, creating another
approach to connect them with the industry, other than a traditional internship.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.192
Research on the Doctoral Consortium Structure of Design

Fan Chen
Tongji University, China
The consortium can be regarded as one of the most essential approaches in the
process of academic communication, of which the forms have conferences, meetings,
colloquium, etc. Among them, the doctoral consortium has generally been seen as an
indispensable part of doctoral training, because it will not only provide communication
platforms to stakeholders, but facilitate the transferability between knowledge and
skills. Based on the conditions mentioned above, this study conducts a comparative
study on 17 worldwide doctoral consortia in design from three perspectives: staff
composition, support system, and interactive mode, by which the researcher aims to
investigate the situation of doctoral communication and inform the emerging doctoral
pedagogies, to benefit the design education field with first-hand empirical materials
for mainland China and the world. Finally, three aspects of findings have been
proposed after a systematic investigation, which is related to inclusiveness, openness,
and timeliness of doctoral communication and education.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.364
Exploring bio-based materials in an interdisciplinary learning

environment: Outlining the design inquiry cycle
Tarja-Kaarina Laamanen, Pirjo Kääriäinen
This article focuses on a higher education learning environment that combines
expertise in design and chemical engineering in the field of bio-based materials and in
a framework of inquiry-based learning (IBL). During two summer schools, students
framed their own small material projects in which they practised constraining the
design task from a new perspective, with pedagogical support. In this study, we
qualitatively analysed design students’ inquiry processes from their project reports.
Based on this, we outlined a general five-phase inquiry process that followed three
aims of the pedagogical framework. In the results section, we explain the process
phases, using illustrative examples from the student’ reports and concretely
highlighting the nature of learning. We conclude that our illustration of the general
phases of inquiry provides an analytical tool for conceptualising the learning process
and further developing and studying this context.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.546
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An analysis of master's in industrial design theses at U.S. land-
grant universities: A systematic literature review.
Byungsoo Kim, Hernan Gregorio
Kansas State University, United States of America
This study systematically reviewed recent (2016-2021) Industrial Design (ID) master
theses and final projects at U.S. land grant universities to understand the trend of ID
graduate program outcomes from the selected universities. The process consisted of
1) framing questions for a review, 2) identifying relevant works, 3) assessing the quality
of studies, 4) summarizing the evidence, and 5) interpreting the findings. This paper
presents the findings of the study, including thesis/final project research types, the
diversity of committees, fields of design influences that the thesis/final project
contribute to, types of outcomes, and the utilized research methodologies.
Furthermore, the author discusses how to improve the guidance for ID graduate
students for their master's thesis course at a practical level by comparing the results
of the study with existing literature. This paper will help inform future practices of
masters of ID thesis courses and graduate education.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.627
North-South design education: Integrating Māori knowledge in

design using the blend approach
Luke Feast, Kei Hoshi
Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
We investigated how to align design education that integrates mātauranga Māori
(Māori knowledge) with the knowledge development aim of modern university
education. Our main idea was to use culture-based knowledge as a source of creativity
rather than socialization. We share insights from two critical cases where we tested
whether the blend approach is a useful design method for integrating Māori
knowledge in design education. The insights show that conceptual blending is an
effective method for students to understand culture-based knowledge through
creative design activity.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.362
Making posters to understand statistics: Towards a didactical

approach in communication design
Michele Mauri, Simone Vantini, Beatrice Gobbo, Tommaso Elli, Elena Aversa, Andrea
Benedetti, María de los Ángeles Briones Rojas, Gabriele Colombo
The paper describes a didactical approach to introducing statistics to communication
design students at the master level. The approach helps them develop a critical
attitude toward data manipulation and information visualization, acknowledging a lack
of education in such areas despite their growing relevance in the communication
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design field. In previous experiences, we observed how theoretical lessons in statistics
were inefficient because they were perceived as distant from the communication
design practice. We, therefore, adopted a “thinking-through-doing” approach: instead
of asking students to study statistical methods, we asked them to design a poster
explaining them. In the paper, we present the didactical experience discussing the
outcomes. The approach brought students to understand better statistical methods
and the implications of the decision taken in setting the analysis. In conclusion, we
argue that it succeeds in making students more aware of the intersections between
design and statistics.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.597
Explore industrial design pedagogy under the pandemic in the U.S.

Jinlong Yuan, Yumeng Xie, Kenneth Brooks
Arizona State University, United States of America
Due to Covid -19 pandemic, industrial design educators were forced out of their
comfort zone and instructed students in an online environment with limited
preparation and experience. Therefore, research in online design education has
become a booming topic. Design educators are required to rethink and re-evaluate the
post-pandemic model of industrial design education. To better understand industrial
design educators' online teaching experiences, expectations, challenges, and issues
during the pandemic, this exploratory study interviewed eight industrial design
faculties who had taught design studios during their past careers and the pandemic
period. Interview data were analyzed using five signature design pedagogy as a lens:
the studio, project, materiality, dialogue, and crit. This study also compared the
efficiency and effectiveness of teaching methods used in different environments.
Furthermore, this study explores the possibility of applying new online technology
tools into industrial design education and how it would affect design education in the
future.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.456
Spatialized video communication platforms: Applications in design

education and conferencing
Bjorn Sommer, Ayn Sayuti, Zidong Lin, Shefali Bohra, Emre Kayganaci, Jenny Hu,
Caroline Yan Zheng, Chang Hee Lee, Seán O'Donoghue, Ashley Hall, Paul Anderson
Royal College of Art, United Kingdom; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia;
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Republic of Korea;
Garvan Institute, Australia
During the pandemic, the impact of video communication platforms drastically
increased. But in front of a screen, flexible and serendipitous interactions known from
real-life settings were reduced to a minimum. Zoom fatigue occurred very quickly and
early on developments were started to provide more flexible alternatives to video-
focused platforms. Spatialized Video Communication Platforms (SVCP) reintroduce
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more flexibility, serendipity and improved dynamic group forming by providing game-
like environments. After a brief review on SVCPs, we are focusing here on the highly-
customizable Gather.town platform. We developed an Open-Source pipeline to create
3D-based environments that meet the demand for visual requirements from design-
engineering students as well as visualization professionals. Based on three surveys, we
evaluated the potential of SVCPs in the context of virtualizing learning, teaching,
exhibiting as well as conferencing. Along the way we tested several new features
designed for increased user engagement and creating a sense of ownership.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.735
Examining performance of VR sketch modeling tool in personal

sketches.
Ming-Huang Lin, I-Chen Chiang, Ling Lee, Hao-Xuan Lu
This study examined the performance of the virtual reality (VR) sketch modeling tool
Gravity Sketch in the early stage of design and explored its advantages and
disadvantages. In the experiment, nine graduate students in the field of design with
several months of experience with Gravity Sketch sketched ideas in VR and on paper.
Qualitative analysis was performed using retrospective methods and grounded theory.
The results revealed that fewer sketches were produced and less time was spent on
design thinking in VR than on paper because (1) sketches created using the VR tool
are three-dimensional models and (2) the high degree of simulation results in low-
ambiguity visual information. The VR users subconsciously strove for accuracy when
creating sketches. This suggests that the three-dimensional adjustability of VR
sketching makes it suitable for the later stages of personal sketching.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.200
(Anti)Dialogical Reflection Cards: politicizing design education

through Paulo Freire's critical pedagogy
Marco Mazzarotto, Bibiana Oliveira Serpa
UTFPR, Design & Oppression Network, Brazil; ESDI/UERJ, Design & Oppression
Network, Brazil
Paulo Freire's critical pedagogy can contribute to politicize design reflection and
practice, promoting a praxis aimed at unveiling systems of oppression and producing
transformative interventions. Freire helps us reflect on why and for whom we design
and provokes us to question design processes as anti-dialogic, reinforcing
oppressions; or dialogic, promoting alliances with the oppressed in the struggle to
overcome oppressive situations.
To help designers critically debate and appropriate these practices and concepts, we
propose an educational material composed of 16 reflective cards based on Freire's
critical pedagogy. Throughout this paper, we present the theoretical-practical basis
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that brings Freire and Design together, the content of the cards, suggestions for use
and reflect on a real case of its use.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.710
A place we call home: Curriculum for land-based education

Adolfo Ruiz
MacEwan University, Canada
This paper describes initial research into the creation of curriculum that combines
visual communication design with local Indigenous knowledge in the Tłı̨chǫ Dene
region of subarctic Canada. This curriculum is intended for regional youth, and to be
accredited by the Faculty of Extension at the University of Alberta. Situated outside
dominant models of design education, the following sections illustrate the significant
role that embodied knowledge and relationality can play in land-based pedagogy. As
part of this discussion, the field of design is situated as an intermediary between an
Indigenous community and a Western academic institution. Through a reflexive,
narrative form of writing, the following sections provide an account of consultations
between the principal investigator and Tłı̨chǫ community members during the early
stages of research in 2019. Consultation during this time led to the creation of two
curriculum drafts that are presented in the following pages.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.161
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29 Inclusive design practice and healthy ageing
(Inclusive SIG)

Farnaz Nickpour, Hua Dong, and Chris McGinley
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1061
Design as a practice of care: Feminist perspectives on preventing

harm and promoting healing through design
Alison Place
University of Arkansas, United States of America
Design as a discipline has traditionally positioned itself as an enterprise in service to
capitalism, perpetuating the domination of wealth and the exploitation of labor and
resources, but recent discourse in the field has increasingly raised questions around
design's social and environmental impact. These discourses typically address themes
of inclusion, sustainability and ethics, but some have gone further to explore the
potential for care to play a role in the design process. More than ever, an interrogation
of the connection between design and care is need-ed, as issues such as climate
change, social inequality, global pandemics and aging populations require designers to
negotiate relational values in order to ad-dress systemic problems. This paper aims to
explore and elucidate design as a practice of care through a critical, intersectional
feminist lens by interrogating existing design practices and norms, and reimagining
the role that care could play in inclusive design. An analysis of case studies is
presented to document a plurality of ways in which concepts of care are shaping
present modes of design, and to propose methodologies and pedagogies that are
necessary to make care an integral part of design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.713
Design as an agent of narratives: A conceptual framework and a

first exploration in the context of inclusive paediatric mobility
design
Cara Shaw, Farnaz Nickpour
Although much of human experience is qualitative, front-end design documentation
typically defaults to quantification which can abstract, dilute or lose meaning and
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reasoning with regards to lived experiences. Narratives are a well-established channel
for gathering rich qualitative insights around individual and collective experiences,
perceptions and values. However, the potential to advance the role of design beyond
simply an embodiment agent for dominant narratives - to an agent for uncovering,
interrogating, speculating, and scaling a diversity of narrative ‘classes’ and ‘statuses’ -
is yet to be fully explored. This paper proposes a conceptual framework positioning
design as an agent of narratives through three strategic narrative roles: (1)
acknowledgement and capture, (2) negotiation and speculation, and (3) embedding
and scaling. A first exploration in the context of inclusive paediatric mobility design is
used to explore initial insights, implications and limitations of incorporating narratives,
as well as their potential to amplify marginalised voices, inform and steer design
practice, and bring about transformative impact.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.146
Exploring the roles of inclusive design in fulfilling corporate social

responsibility: a multi-case study of three large-size health
corporations
Haiou Zhu, Cees de Bont, Thorsten Gruber, Hua Dong
Loughborough University, United Kingdom; Brunel University London, United Kingdom
Large-size corporations play important roles in addressing social problems such as
health disparity. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) demonstrates
the roles of corporations in society and argues for sustainable business development.
Inclusive Design as a responsible design approach could contribute to developing
inclusive products and services and creating sustainable value for businesses. This
paper explores the opportunities to integrate Inclusive Design into business, with a
focus on fulling corporate social responsibility. The literature review on CSR and
Inclusive Design identifies the common objective of creating sustainable value and
generating social value simultaneously. Subsequently, a multi-case study of three
mHealth service providers in China was conducted by using publicly available
information to gain an understanding of the antecedents, actions, and outcomes of
CSR practices. The case analysis finds a lack of awareness of delivering inclusive
mHealth services and a divergent use of market-based approaches and philanthropic-
based approaches. The discussion presents different levels of integrating Inclusive
Design into business and proposes future research opportunities.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.262
Notions of designing inclusively from practitioner perspectives

Maxim Lamirande, Katerina Alexiou, Rachael Luck
The Open University, United Kingdom
Even though inclusion is a well-researched subject in design, the numerous ways to
describe and understand it are unsettled. The theoretical landscape often leads into
paradoxes about how to best practice inclusion in design development processes.
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Instead, this study probes present-day understandings of designing inclusively from
the perspective of practitioners who adopt an inclusive approach in their practice. A
review of existing literature helped formulate preliminary notions that guide
discussions with practitioners recruited across different domains. Iterative analysis of
the data from these interviews reveals some differences between the original
theoretical constructs and how they are perceived and used in practice. This paper
outlines the notions reformed through practitioners’ lived experiences: They are Proof
of Logic, Governing Ways of Thinking, User Accessibility, Project Constraints, User
Involvement, Design Stages, and Outcomes and Impact. The research can help
untangle the issues that matter to practitioners which can ultimately help inform
future practice.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.228
The evolution of inclusive design: A first timeline review of

narratives and milestones of design for disability
Luka Kille-Speckter, Farnaz Nickpour
This paper sets out to critically review the history of Inclusive Design on two distinct
levels, i.e. the narratives that shape it and the historical milestones which contribute to
its evolution. Through an illustrative review of literature and object ethnography, two
sets of timelines are outlined. First, a milestone timeline helps establish the
chronological evolution of Inclusive Design based on historical milestones and
sociocultural perspectives. Second, a narrative timeline helps uncover the underlying
narratives around matters of disability, design and inclusivity, and how they evolved.
Though identifying historical and emerging shifts in mentality, the timeline review of
narratives and milestones offer granular as well as holistic views on Inclusive Design as
a field in need of more critically reflective approaches - conceptually and in practice.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.690
Values arising from participatory inclusive design in a complex

process
Stella Boess, Floris Jansen
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; Hike One, The Netherlands
This paper addresses inclusive design in a situation of complexity and how to improve
it. The focus is on the inclusive design of a complex process and its tools, which is
increasingly an issue in systemic design challenges. The current situation of climate
change means we need to work on sustainability and inclusion at the same time. The
paper presents a case study of an energetic renovation process and the stakeholders’
activities and views in it. In a research-through-design process, the paper traces the
possibilities to intervene in the process with communication tools to increase
inclusivity of both process and outcomes. Values emerging from the interventions
revolve around insight, openness, and responsiveness in answering needs and
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resolving mismatches. The paper concludes that the communication tools developed
help to generate these values and manage complexity. The tools give residents a voice
in goal alignment towards inclusivity.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.704
Improving our understanding of user trial samples using survey

data
Anya Petyaeva, Joy Goodman-Deane, Mike Bradley, Sam Waller, P. John Clarkson
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
User trials provide valuable information on how users respond to interfaces in practice.
However, it can be hard to ensure a representative sample. We propose a
methodology to improve the understanding of the sample’s skew and to identify the
characteristics of those who are missing. This can improve the interpretation of results
and inform further recruitment to improve the sample. The methodology involves
comparing samples with survey data from the UK population on technology
experience, competence and attitudes. We provide a case study of this methodology
in practice. 30 participants were recruited using quota sampling with significant effort
to obtain people with low technology experience. Nevertheless, comparison with the
survey data identified four key groups of people not included in the sample, covering
29% of the population. We discuss how these missing people would likely respond on
the tasks, based on the characteristics of similar people in the survey.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.676
Designing for dementia: An analysis of design principles

Rik Wesselink, Geke Ludden, Marike Hettinga, Berry Eggen
University of Twente, The Netherlands; Windesheim University of Applied Sciences,
The Netherlands; Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Designing for people with dementia requires a tailored approach that addresses the
specific complexities related to dementia. Design principles can provide guidance for
designing in this complex context. Work in this field discusses recommendations,
guidelines, or principles to design for dementia. However, this information is scattered
and a clear overview of design principles, that designers can apply, is missing. In this
paper we propose a set of design principles that is grounded in existing literature on
designing for people with dementia. We first explore and analyse design
recommendations that are described in related work. Next, we merge them into 10
design principles. Finally, we discuss the different roles of these principles, and how
they are interconnected. This results in a tool for researchers and designers to use in
designing for people with dementia: the Wheel of Design Principles.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.287
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How to apply service design thinking on designing accessibility
apps: A case study of public transportation for the visually
impaired
Yi Lee, Tang Hsien-Hui
Accessibility App programming consists of multiple technical utilizations and ease-of-
use specifications. Many challenges were encountered when landing in complex
contexts, making it difficult for traditional App designers to overcome. As a result, the
success rate of the service and satisfaction stays stagnant after the App launches.
This research takes the service design case “improving the public transportation for
the visually impaired”, which received critical acclaims from service participants as the
research subject. We explored service design as problem-solving-oriented innovative
thinking and how it assists and improves the design process for App designers,
thereby increasing the success rate of the overall service. This research presents the
design process of service design integrated into accessibility Apps, the process and
result of responding to related challenges. Subsequently, setting them as guidelines
for App designers to follow while pointing out the integration of service design thinking
can increase the integrity of accessibility apps.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.493
Identifying inclusive design goals for the blind and visually

impaired in Venice
Luca Casarotto, Pietro Costa, Erika Cunico, Maria Manfroni, Calogero Mattia Priola
Università Iuav di Venezia, Italy
The aim of this paper is to understand how the use of inclusive design methodologies
can contribute to the creation of projects for mobility and access to cultural
information. Specifically, the research focuses on visual disabilities in a unique context
such as the city of Venice. Starting from ethnographic research and a comparison of
different case studies, the purpose of this paper is to identify some Design Goals
useful to visually impaired users in the Venetian context. The Design Goals definition
allowed us to investigate how the use of inclusive design methodologies for visually
impaired users can contribute to the creation of products and services for a larger
audience in the Venetian context, according to the Design for All methodology.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.568
Significance of age-friendly co-design from a multi-stakeholder

collaboration in Greenland
Sidse Carroll, Kamilla Nørtoft
Royal College of Art, United Kingdom; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
The world’s population is ageing, and there is increased attention on developing well-
functioning age-friendly cities and communities. This requires addressing topics with
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complex socio-spatial dimensions and involving multiple stakeholders in the process.
This also means including older people as active partners in the design process to
create environments that reflect their needs and aspirations. In this paper, we present
a study, where multiple stakeholders from a Greenlandic city worked together to co-
design new neighbourhood spaces in a senior housing area. Approximately 50 older
people were involved in the co-design process, and follow-up interviews were
conducted with municipal stakeholders two months later. By focusing on the different
stakeholder perspectives, we extracted insights into the significance of age-friendly
co-design in such processes. Our findings suggest that age-friendly co-design
contributed to crossing boundaries through the establishment of a shared language,
and to revising perceptions of older people’s capabilities. These findings can benefit
local communities, but also the greater ageing society when developing future age-
friendly cities and communities.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.498
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30 Understanding play: Designing for emergence

Karen Feder and Sune Gudiksen
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1080
Introducing the play activity wheel: Designing social, physical and

playful learning activities from digital game universes
Vici Daphne Händel, Erik Ottar Jensen
University College Copenhagen, Denmark; Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark
This article introduces and describes the play activity wheel, developed by the authors.
It was created through looking back at 19 years of personal experiences of transform-
ing television shows, board games and digital games into pedagogical activities, and
has a focus on social, physical and playful learning. The idea of developing computer
games, television series and board games into physical activities arose from observing
children’s interests in transforming these universes into games and activities. The play
activity wheel was developed in various settings with different participants, such as
children aged 1–15, students in higher education, educators, researchers and other
stakeholders. For the purpose of this study, the play activity wheel was tested as a
tool for preservice teachers. A researcher/educator collaborated on designing a
process to achieve common learning goals in a playful learning space. In this study, we
present the theoretical background for the play activity wheel and demonstrate how it
can be used to design playful learning.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.294
Play probe: An approach that reveals emergent identity building in

youth
Line Gad Christiansen, Sune Klok Gudiksen
Designschool Kolding, Denmark
This paper explores the gradual use and development of play probes as an approach
to gain insights about young people and identity development. Recent studies, which
are part of a larger research project, have suggested that play probes can be useful for
professionals attempting to gain insights about young people. The approach can also
provide participants with an enjoyable experience. The aim of this study was to
identify the most important principles to consider when designing a play probe and
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which types of play triggers are most effective at producing insights about young
people. An analysis of play probes revealed that tasks involving play triggers from
construction play and fantasy play worked well in the probes. However, flexibility in
terms of materials was important for enabling young people to express themselves.
Finally, supplementing probes with written tasks generated deeper insights.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.572
Co-creating playful learning designs for interprofessional higher

education: Dialogic perspectives on design-based research
Kim Holflod
Danish School of Education, Aarhus University, Denmark
This paper examines the co-creation of playful learning designs across educational
and professional boundaries in teacher education and social education through
dialogic theories. It focuses on the understandings and voices of playful learning and
how dialogic co-creation is influenced by the presence of multiple voices and
perspectives. The study is guided by Design-Based Research in developing, testing,
evaluating, and iterating a playful learning design in higher education. The results
expand on playful learning across boundaries as a polyphonic and heterogeneous
phenomenon with diverse and dynamic voices interplaying with each other. It is
conceptualised as both experimental, affective, and relational learning processes, and
is generally framed as anti-structural and thus in constant tension with inherent
structures of education. The paper finally discusses the co-creation of playful learning
as dialogic and tensional with constant paradoxical longings for conceptual diversity
and mutuality, for both polyphony and common language.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.282
Gamified user interface design for dysphagia rehabilitation based

on common mental models
Malika Gabbas, KwanMyung Kim
UNIST Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, South Kora
Dysphagia is a term for swallowing difficulties. It is usually caused by another health
condition, such as stroke, or dementia. Exercise-based training with biofeedback is
commonly practiced in dysphagia therapy. Existing gamified solutions for bio-
feedback devices provide scenarios that conflict with natural mapping of the
swallowing activity. In this study, we have identified and addressed these conflicts
based on mismatches with common mental representations to create a more well-
matched training experience.
Our study showcases an example of designing a gamified user interface for dysphagia
rehabilitation, while also defining important UI principles for gamified training. It also
serves as valuable and emerging research that puts emphasis on the importance of
designing for dysphagia rehabilitation. We expect that our research will inspire other
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designers to incorporate gamification elements into their designs in a rational and
well-designed way.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.594
Internship as a child: What designers can learn through play with

children
Karen Feder
Design School Kolding, Denmark
When designing for children’s play, designers need to understand the people and the
context for which they are designing. This paper studies what designers can learn
through play when completing an internship as a child, meaning spending time with
children in their everyday lives without a predefined agenda. The data material involves
reflective letters written by former design students who participated in an internship
four years ago, as part of a Master’s course in child-centred design for play. The
analysis of the letters shows how designers learn about play, children, designers, the
method, and reflection when doing an internship as a child. The paper concludes that
an internship as a child includes all the characteristics of learning through play, and
appears as a quick and simple, yet insightful, method of understanding how to design
for children and their play experiences.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.337
Developing Play Tarot Cards to Support Playful Learning in

Teacher Education
Helle Marie Skovbjerg, Helle Hovgaard Jørgensen, Keila Zarl Perez Quinones,
Tilde Bekker
Design School Kolding, Denmark; UC Lillebaelt; Eindhoven Technical University
Via two design-based research experiments, this paper explores how we can design a
tool to support designing for playful learning in teacher education. Several recent
review studies show that integrating play qualities into a learning context is not always
easy. We design a set of tarot cards with the aim of exploring actions in learning
situations and play qualities for those specific actions. Our experiments show that
using the tarot cards as a way for students and teachers to reflect and come up with
further playful learning designs brings in a broader diversity of play qualities, especially
qualities that are not commonly seen as productive in an educational context.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.187
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Emotional textures: Exploring children’s emotional and haptic play
Emilie Bech Jespersen
The paper details the process of Design Based Research (DBR) conducted in a Danish
Early Childhood Education (ECE) setting. It explores how relating haptics in tandem
with play can provide an angle and a space for addressing and sharing emotional
experiences. The research is centered around two iterations of the DBR model and the
two subsequent interventions, and finds that using generative toolkit workshop
formats as DBR interventions generate rich amounts of data that can be sensitive to
interpretation by the researcher. It finds trends within applying meaning to textures
and materials, and preferences of material selection. The paper discusses the merits
of applied DBR methods and playful learning within the ECE curriculum.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.614
The junk playground as agora: Designing spaces to re-invigorate

democratic participation
Mathias Poulsen
In this paper, I suggest that there is an urgent need to design new spaces and
possibilities for democratic participation. With inspiration from the tradition of
“adventure playgrounds”, I argue that play design can contribute to expanding the
participatory repertoire within deliberative democracy. Two design experiments are
presented and discussed through the prism of self-determination theory and the
findings point to a new understanding of democratic participation and the intrinsic,
civic motivation that drives it. By shifting focus from the classical deliberative ideals of
rational discourse towards sensorial, open-ended exploration and creation, new
democratic possibilities emerge. It is argued that such opportunities can foster a
sense of collective joy, which is seen as vital to healthy democratic societies.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.679
Dramatic reflection: Enhancing play qualities in a design

experiment for inclusive play practices in school
Hanne Hede Jørgensen, Helle Marie Skovbjerg, Anne Louise Bang
Design School Kolding, Denmark; VIA University College, Denmark
Starting from a codesign project on inclusive, pedagogical play practices in schools,
this paper presents a phenomenological design experiment called Dramatic Reflection.
The Dramatic Reflection experiment was created in collaboration with pedagogical
teams in two Danish schools for the purpose of exploring pedagogical actions
regarding different children’s ability to participate in play. Inclusive pedagogical actions
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are understood in a holistic and child-centered manner, and children’s play
participation is understood as an essential part of their ability to experience relational
interdependence within the context of a school. This paper shows how a design
experiment for play reflections, Dramatic Reflection, might, due to play qualities such
as lightness, travesty, and empathy, nourish the emergence of genuine and meaningful
changes within the pedagogical profession. In conclusion, we discuss the relationship
between understanding pedagogical professionalism in schools through play design
and the development of play qualities in a concrete design as Dramatic Reflection
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.305
Exploring the complexity and agency of play through co-design

and experiential design with and for adults.
Lorna Powell
University of the Arts London, United Kingdom
This paper investigates the notion of designing opportunities for adult play in public
space. The project responds to a changing landscape of play, within a context of
worsening national mental health and a need for building resilience in our current
climate. Following a methodology that includes co-design, social innovation and craft,
the design intervention is a curated play walk in a local urban environment, inviting
participation, exploration and creative expression. Through a qualitative evaluation of
the intervention’s impact, there is an emergence of insights related to designing for
play in public space, leading to the elaboration of a set of design for play principles.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.549
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31 Valuing the qualitative in design and data
Session chairs
Carine Lallemand, Marion Lean, and Dan Lockton
Editorial
Dan Lockton, Carine Lallemand, Daphne Menheere, Chang Hee Lee, Marion Lean,
Dietmar Offenhuber, Holly Robbins, Elisa Giaccardi, and Samuel Huron
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1082
Data-painting: Expressive free-form visualisation

Miriam Sturdee, Soren Knudsen, Sheelagh Carpendale
Lancaster University, United Kingdom; IT University of Copenhagen; Simon Fraser
University
Data visualization can be powerful in enabling us to make sense of complex data.
Expressive data representation — where individuals have control over the nature of
the output — is hard to incorporate into existing frameworks and techniques for
visualization. The power of informal, rough, expressive sketches in working out ideas is
well documented. This points to an opportunity to better understand how expressivity
can exist in data visualization creation. We explore the expressive potential of Data
Painting through a study aimed at improving our understanding of what people need
and make use of in creating novel examples of data expression. Participants use exact
measures of paint for data-mapping and then explore the expressive possibilities of
free-form data representation. Our intentions are to improve our understanding of
expressivity in data visualization; to raise questions as to the creation and use of non-
traditional data visualizations; and to suggest directions for expressivity in
visualization.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.257
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Visualizing stories of sexual harassment in the academy:
community empowerment through qualitative data
Tommaso Elli, Adam Bradley, Uta Hinrichs, Christopher Collins
DensityDesign, Politecnico di Milano, Italy; Uncharted Software Inc.; University of
Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Ontario Tech University, Canada
This paper presents the design report of an experimental data visualization art-work
that deals with sexual harassment in academic environments. The visualization
employs a qualitative dataset of stories of abuse and aims at nurturing emotional
involvement by creating connections with the people behind the data. In the paper, we
outline our theoretical background, considering previous research on anthropomorphic
and artistic visualizations. Successively, we disclose our de-sign approach and discuss
the visualizations’ capability to nurture reflection, stimulate conversations, and
empower the community of people fighting against sexual harassment in academia
and beyond.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.447
Designing data interaction in exhibitions contexts

Lorenza Abbate, Cristina Marino
Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Nowadays, the primary purpose of information representation is to support users in
understanding complex phenomena. Avoiding the 'black hole between data and
knowledge" means research tools and methods that help people experience and
benefit from this data. Through the analysis of case studies, the contribution aims to
provide an overview of existing data visualization and physicalization techniques that
enable participatory processes with users. This contribution focuses on interactive
data visualizations, particularly on installations in museums, exhibitions or events that
involve the user in an active and participatory way. These types of activities offer a
simple but effective way to make complex data understandable. It will explore
processes of collaborative creation of input from visitors, processes of direct
interaction of the public with data that are not easily accessible by traditional
methods, and finally, some visualizations that, through this powerful representational
medium, promote renewed needs for engagement.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.693
Design elements in data physicalization: A systematic literature

review
Žarko Dumičić, Katja Thoring, Hermann W. Klöckner, Gesche Joost
Anhalt University, Germany; University of the Arts Berlin, Germany
Data physicalization is a growing research field that focuses on data representation
and communication through the geometry or materials of physical objects. As part of
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this paper, we aim to contribute to the design-centric physicalization research by
presenting a systematic literature review on the topic. We have identified and included
163 published and peer-reviewed conference papers and journal articles with primary
data on physicalization artifacts. We have analyzed the sources from the point of view
of conceptual and practical design elements. The results provide an insight into the
state-of-the art research on design elements in data physicalization. This review is
especially relevant for design and art researchers interested in the field of
physicalizations.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.660
Exploring contexts for data materialisation in post-pandemic

research activities with rural communities
Marion Lean, Cate Hopkins
Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, United Kingdom
Insights into the ideas and experiences of people and communities affected by policy
implementation enable policymakers to design systems and interventions. This is
particularly pertinent in areas such as rural connectivity, where policy is often
implemented by civil servants living in urban areas with limited experiences or
understanding of the unique challenges presented by the rural terrain to digital
infrastructure.
Drawing on proposals for the value of design in policy settings by Whicher (2020) this
paper illustrates practical examples of the use of design in particular in the areas of
“changing the nature of evidence” and “more meaningful public consultation” and was
conducted as part of a wider government response to the unique challenges
presented by rural communities. The researchers used methods based in design
research; textile thinking, games design; and ethnographic approaches.
Design research approaches were used to learn from rural communities resulting in
insights, observations, anecdotes and ideas that were embedded into artefacts and
used to generate discussion about strategy to support the rollout of broadband in
remote areas. The researchers uncovered new ways to present the nuanced details of
the findings that are generated by the use of these methods, enabling policymakers
access to rural lived experiences.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.640
Textile thinking in practice: Creative textile design methods as

research in a circular economy
Laetitia Forst
This paper presents a new analysis of practice research work exploring Textile Design
for Disassembly as a design for recyclability strategy. It suggests a response to
challenges relating to blends in the context of a circular textile economy. This paper
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highlights the potential for qualitative and creative textile design methods to produce
research insights. Three textile design methods: the mood board, textile sampling, and
garment prototyping, are reviewed in terms of their contribution to research. The
methods are used to frame the problem space, develop a range of solutions, and test
these in concepts that can materialise future fashion systems. The textile design
methods are combined with information visualisation to produce insights. The
approach thus makes visible some inherently tacit knowledge embedded in the textile
design process. This supports a better understanding of the mechanisms for change
towards sustainability at the core of design practices.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.527
Investigating materiality for a renewed focus on data design

practice
Youngsil Lee, Larissa Pschetz, Chris Speed
University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
This paper attempts to question reductionist processes of data science that help
sustain digital economies and proposes a new perspective for a data design practice.
It follows recent discussions about the materiality of data in design and proposes a
new notion of data materiality that unfolds its ethical and ecological aspects from a
philosophical point of view. This is presented as an opportunity to envision how data
can be enacted as data practice within a system. We provide an example that
illustrates different kinds of data and data practices, and how ethical and ecological
challenges can emerge in a system. We show how systemic challenges can be
alleviated within this new notion of data, demonstrating why recovering data
materiality is crucial for an ecological future. We finally argue that designers play a
significant role in this context, producing practical examples that extend theoretical
discussions on data materiality.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.350
Designing Qualitative Interfaces: Experiences from studio

education
Dan Lockton, Carine Lallemand, Daphne Menheere
Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Interaction designers tend to use quantification as a default to present information
and a way to enable interactions with technologies. There is a notion that
quantification is valued to be the most actionable and legitimate form of presentation,
while our actual experiences of the world are largely qualitative. But can we design
‘qualitative interfaces’? What would they be like? In this paper, we explore insights and
experiences from four years of applying the notion of qualitative interfaces in
interaction design student projects in two countries. We introduce, review, and
compare projects across different application areas ranging from running training
schemes to electricity use, and discuss questions around the relationships between
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the underlying phenomena and links to the ways in which they are displayed or
represented, around the variety of ways in which students arrived at their designs, and
suggest considerations for others interested in this kind of approach.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.587
Hyaku: A qualitative negotiation-through-interaction interface to

support runners in achieving balanced training sessions
Juan Restrepo, Steven Vos, Evert Verhagen, Carine Lallemand
Eindhoven University of Technology, Industrial Design Department, The Netherlands;
Fontys University of Applied Sciences, School of Sport Studies, The Netherlands;
Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands; University of Luxembourg,
HCI research group, Luxembourg
Wearable systems and apps for recreational running provide awareness of one’s
performance and activity and aim for increased engagement. Yet, these systems focus
on sensor-generated data and do little to integrate subjective and contextual factors
as meaningful insights. Their interaction and feedback mechanisms mostly rely on
numbers and do not always match users’ real-life needs. To address these gaps, we
explore human-computer negotiation as an interactive mechanism to enable
recreational runners to adjust the recommendations delivered by a system. We do so
by designing tangible qualitative interfaces la-belled “Tradeables” (whose label is
inspired by the idea of “trading” with a system). By reaching a trade-off between
objective sensor evaluation and subjective feelings, we gather insights into the design
of negotiation interfaces for sport and well-being. We present Hyaku, a research
artifact providing insights on the design considerations, challenges, and opportunities
of tangible and qualitative interfaces for negotiation.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.569
Beyond the body: Moving past the metricised bodily goal in self-
tracking
Kim Snooks, Roger Whitham, Daniel Richards, Joseph Lindley
ImaginationLancaster, Lancaster University, United Kingdom
Currently self-tracking systems, that sense and infer data about an individual or ‘the
self’, focus on gathering quantitative data about the body. The social features present
in these systems measure data about the body against other bodies or ‘the other’.
However, focus on these metrics is causing harm. In this paper we discuss relations
between the self and the other and more-than-human perspectives to pose questions
for moving beyond the body and acknowledging potential harm in self-tracking
systems. Throughout we draw on work from across Design Research, Human-
Computer Interaction (HCI), Philosophy and Sociology, to high-light challenges and
opportunities for Designers in the self-tracking space and discuss how the future of
these systems needs to change.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.501
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Multitudes: Widening the research agenda for personal
informatics design
Emily Winter, Bran Knowles, Daniel Richards, Kim Snooks, Chris Speed
Lancaster University, United Kingdom; University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
The personal informatics field claims many potential benefits for users, from self-
reflection to self-improvement. However, despite this focus on the self, the personal
informatics literature has given little attention to how the self is conceptualised in tool
design. From a starting point that all notions of the self are socially constructed, we
draw on critiques of the PI literature to track three key conceptualisations of the self
that are prevalent in the personal informatics literature — the unitary self, the lacking
self, and the knowable self. For each of these, we suggest a possible design space
opened by embracing an alternative conception of the self: design for fluidity and
fragmentation; design for “human-ness”; and dialogical design. These design spaces
offer some future directions for personal informatics that take seriously recent
critiques of the field and, in centering how the self is conceptualised, provide
alternative research approaches for personal informatics.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.415
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32 Exploring online collaboration
Session co-chair
Thijs Waardenburg
Lockdown Collaboration: Partnering to Solve the Wicked Problems

of COVID-19 Through Interprofessional Collaboration
Steven Doehler, Jeanine Goodin, Eileen Werdman
University of Cincinnati, United States of America
The University of Cincinnati’s Design + Nursing Collaborative (D+NC) responds to the
unlikely but natural similarities between Design and Nursing. The “Touch and Go”
method promotes iterative interprofessional collaboration as a core competency. It
fulfills the academic requirements of two major programs positioning students to use
discipline-specific knowledge while learning new skills and then leveraging their new
knowledge to address community health challenges as a unified team. The COVID
pandemic has exposed the holes within society from resource availability and supply
to access to health care. Though these have been longstanding issues, the pandemic
forced the public to recognize them and begin addressing them. This project allowed
the Design + Nursing Collaborative students to select an identified problem, follow the
process, and build a solution in collaboration with NIOSH.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.435
Three degrees of influence in virtual workshops: towards an

understanding of co-creative facilitation practice in
technologically mediated settings
Ollie Hemstock, Mark Bailey, Nick Spencer, Helen Simmons, Sophie Coombs, Justine
Carrion-Weiss, Charles Richardson
Northumbria University, United Kingdom
Virtual workshops look here to stay, however much of the recent discourse focuses on
methods, tools, techniques and routines in abstraction from practice and practitioner.
Collaborations in virtual space are necessarily changed and shaped by their
technologically mediated nature. Therefore, it is imperative to enter into reflective
dialogue to effectively develop future participatory and co-creative design practice in
virtual settings. Several significant phenomena, occurring within virtual workshops,
have been identified through focused co-reflection by expert facilitators. Duality is
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used as a rhetorical device to explore these phenomena as complex elements that are
expressions of dynamic and intertwined influences within the virtual setting. Where
these elements are simultaneously experienced as both enablers and barriers in virtual
workshops, and are negotiated through practice. This paper positions these elements
as objects for critical reflection within a conceptual model of three expanding degrees
of influence; stage, setting, and environment.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.419
Play at Work: Virtual Conferencing in Game Space

Zach Mason, Paul Coulton, David Green, Joseph Lindley
The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of video conferencing, making it a
prominent space that our work and social lives are lived within. For many this transition
to virtual co-presence has been joyless, highlighting the shortcomings of mainstream
video conferencing. In contrast the video gaming community had already pleasurably
adopted and occupied online shared spaces for decades prior to the pandemic. In this
paper we discuss the designed affordances of the video conferencing platform Gather
Town, which adapts some of the conventions of video games and implements them to
better support video conferencing. In this research we consider whether gaming
conventions—including interactive spatial design, use of avatars, and a retro art style—
may enable us to inject more joy into remote working. By critically considering Gather
Town’s affordances through our own experimental spaces within it, we seek to
encourage the design of more diverse and engaging digital spaces.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.449
How has Covid-19 pandemic unearthed hidden social affordances

on Tinder: A virtual ethnography on dating in Turkey
İrem Genç, Özge Merzali Çelikoğlu
Istanbul Technical University; 2Istanbul University
In this study, we explore changing social relations and dynamics during pandemic,
particularly in online dating via one of the most popular dating apps, Tinder.
Conducting a virtual ethnography on Tinder over a 2 month period, we determine four
main changes in the context of online dating: changes in the community, changes in
the conversations, changes in the context of video call, and changes in the perception
of online dating. Embracing the notion of social affordances, we further discuss how
these changes have initiated new forms of social interaction in the Tinder community,
making members realise the hidden social affordances of the app. Considering these
shifts in the context of online dating, we discuss how any narrow definition of dating,
and more broadly socialising online, may adversely impact users’ online social
experiences. Hence, we offer design implications that provide allowing variety in online
(dating) communities, and merging offline and online.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.459
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Redefining the Structure: A Design for Remote Studio Learning
Suzanne E Martin
National College of Art and Design (NCAD), Dublin, Ireland
Paula Antonelli stated that it was up to designers to teach the world how to use them
well. Taking a change-led, research-led perspective on design learning, could
encourage future designers “to exercise the acute critical sense that comes from their
analytical training in order to help other citizens slow down, stop, reassess, and
continue or change course.” (Antonelli, 2019). The sector, and discipline, has a
propensity toward disaggregation, to operate as silos that are defined by their
distinction.
This paper sets out and discusses a Design Case, a Restorative Learning Thing, as an
model for how remote design studio learning might redefine not only the structures for
growing and shaping knowledge, but address inherited notions of disciplinary
boundaries within Creative Higher Education. This research points toward a new way
of building and delivering undisciplined design learning, an approach that incubates
communities of interest instead of distinct, disciplinary practices.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.672
122
33 Ageing

Peter Lloyd and Willem van der Maden
Co-design as healing: A multi-level analysis based on two projects

within the mental health community
Erika Renedo, Katerina Alexiou, Theodore Zamenopoulos
The Open University, United Kingdom; University of the Arts, United Kingdom
The present paper explores the notion of co-design as healing by focusing on two co-
design projects conducted with participants facing mental health problems, who met
once a week, guided by open design processes. Reflecting on data (interviews) across
projects, as well as relevant literature from different disciplines, the paper offers a
conceptual framing of how co-design can be considered as a healing practice, at a
systems, social and individual level. At a systems level, co-design allows working with
complexity, and approaching mental health problems holistically. At a social level, co-
design empowers collectives to negotiate what realities to change and how. At an
individual level, co-design affects people’s wellbeing, by enhancing their sense of
agency and connection, stimulating thinking and essentially providing a grounding
embodied experience. The paper offers a lens through which to reflect and expand on
what we do as designers. .
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.427
An overview of current practices and approaches to co-designing

services with and for people with dementia towards developing a
framework for best practice
Kristina Niedderer, Laura Orton, Isabelle Tournier
Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current practices and approaches to
co-designing services with and for people living with early to mid-stage dementia to
derive a set of principles and practices for application in the IDoService project. It
explores the understanding of service design and of co-design for the purposes of this
paper, and then uses a meta-review of co-design of services for people with dementia,
underpinned by a selection of case studies from the literature to extract and collate a
set of key principles of best practice. We then consider the application of these
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principles and practices for the development of the IDoService to discuss implications
and benefits of this approach for designing services.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.463
Constant Problem and Solution Space Investigation Method in a

User Study Phase: Focusing on Early Elderly's Needs and Design
Solutions Identification
YeDam Ryu, KwanMyung Kim
Department of Design, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST),
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)
The design thinking process also known as the problem-solving process has a unique
cognitive process compared with other areas, such as natural science. During the de-
sign process, the problem and solution areas are created in the designer's mind and
evolve simultaneously until the process is completed. This co-evolution also occurs at
the stage of a user study that is considered the stage of discovering the problem in
the typical design process, such as the Double Diamond Model. However, the solution
de-rived in discovering the problem stage is ignored or does not develop enough. This
re-search suggests the method that can capture and develop the solution generated
in a user study. Furthermore, through the case study, this research shows how it can
be ap-plied in an actual user study and how the co-evolution of the problem and
solution area occurs in the user study.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.550
Empathy in the design of assistive devices for older adults: An

exploratory study with Portuguese women
Daniela Silva, Alison Burrows, Paula Trigueiros
Lab2PT, University of Minho, Portugal; School of Arquitecture, Art and Design,
University of Minho, Portugal
Assistive Devices (AD) aim to enhance the autonomy of their users, among whom are
older adults. However, older adults often have negative feelings towards these
products, such as the fear of dependence, which in turn influence their acceptance
and use. These feelings can result from the use of design approaches that focus
merely on users’ physical abilities. This article argues for the importance of rethinking
approaches to the design of AD by focusing on a holistic and empathic view of older
people. It also seeks to contribute to a richer understanding of what independence and
dependence means to older people. This article describes an exploratory study with
eleven older women, living in two distinct contexts in the north of Portugal – rural and
urban. The qualitative data that emerged from this research were used to develop five
empirical personas, to provide a readily usable and useful tool for design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.790
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Design meets death; a first systematic mapping review of design
contributions to end of life field
Andrew Tibbles, Farnaz Nickpour
This paper, for the first time, maps and interrogates the contributions towards the
emerging field of design and death, through a systematic mapping review. Key
databases and grey literature publications are searched and 183 design contributions
are analysed, categorising results according to death spectrum; type of contribution;
interventional complexity; design approach; and stakeholder involvement. Findings
show an increasing trend of design contributions towards death between 2000-2021.
The field is being progressed by a triad of Healthcare, Computer Science and Design
disciplines, often siloed in their efforts. Design approaches and methods including
Human Centred Design and Co-design are popular, particularly within Healthcare.
Majority of design interventions are object-based and focused towards final
disposition, with a lack of 3rd and 4th order designs i.e. service, interaction and
systems. Strategic implications include transitioning through transdisciplinarity;
interconnectivity across the death spectrum; expansion of design theories in the field;
and interventions beyond the object.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.617
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34 Design dematerialisation:
Opportunities through reduction
Session chairs
Ashley Hall, Delfina Fantini van Ditmar, and Rob Phillips
Editorial
Ashley Hall, Rob Phillips, Delfina Fantini van Ditmar, Jonathan Chapman, James Tooze
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1081
Alternative hedonisms and earth practices: Design and degrowth

in the Capitalocene
Rachel Harkness
This design anthropology piece contributes to thinking on how to decouple design
practices from neoliberal globalised capitalism, economic growth and consumerism.
Drawing on the Marxist philosopher Kate Soper’s theorising around patterns of work
and consumption in affluent countries (such as the UK) and her post-growth theory of
the alternative hedonisms or pleasures of a less harried and acquisitive living, the
paper argues that one way to achieve this decoupling could be to consider how more
pleasure and greater well-being could be one of the ‘opportunities through reduction’,
if you will. Illustration is provided by ethnography with natural builders working with
earth as their main material. The paper proposes that earth-builders’ alternatively
hedonistic practices and ecological experiences might give design, more widely, ideas
for how to truly acknowledge our practice’s problematic and continued hitching to the
extractive and exploitative systems of capitalism and, ultimately, for how to degrow.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.590
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Why consumers have contamination concerns in refurbished
personal care products and how to reduce them via design
Theresa S. Wallner, Lise Magnier, Ruth Mugge
Refurbishment is a strategy to extend products’ lifetimes. However, refurbished
products that are used intimately, such as personal care products, feel uncomfortable
to use for consumers because they are perceived to be contaminated. In fifteen in-
depth interviews, we explored why consumers have contamination concerns regarding
a refurbished Intense-Pulsed-Light device and how to decrease them. Participants
expected refurbished personal care products with wear-and-tear to malfunction, to
have a shorter product lifetime and to be contaminated. Participants’ inferences
differed depending on the location and amount of wear-and-tear. To keep refurbished
personal care products at their highest value, we suggest five design strategies to
minimize contamination concerns by designing a product that smells and looks
hygienic after multiple lifecycles: 1. Using color to evoking associations with hygiene, 2.
making wear-and-tear less visible, 3. using smooth materials, 4. minimizing the number
of split lines, and 5. a clean product smell.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.615
Are short product lifetimes ineluctable? An exploration of

consumers’ perceptions of lifetime extension strategies
Lise Magnier, Ruth Mugge
There is consensus that product lifetimes are generally decreasing. To create a
sustainable society, the circular economy promotes slowing down the use of resources
by lengthening product lifetimes. This is especially important for electronic products
that are energy-intensive in their production phase and create vast amounts of waste
after use. While design strategies have been proposed to lengthen product lifetimes, it
is unclear whether consumers deem them effective. This paper proposes an overview
of lifetime extension strategies for electronic products and reports the results of a
quantitative study with 617 participants who were asked to evaluate the extent to
which these strategies could have extended the lifetime of a recently replaced
product. Results indicate that the durability / reliability strategy is most effective.
However, consumers are not yet convinced of the effectiveness of most strategies.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.507
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Deep products via undisciplined stewardship; Towards an
environmentally-led design pedagogy for the 21st century
Fernando Galdon, Ashley Hall
Royal College of Art, United Kingdom; Royal College of Art, United Kingdom
Designers are envisioning new typologies of products aiming for instance to ex-tract
CO2 from the environment or creating products from landfill waste, in this context a
fundamental question arises; what could be a philosophical framework for a
subtractive practise in design? In this paper the notion of Deep Products is introduced
by building from notions of Deep ecology, Deep Design, and steward-ship. This
theoretical proposition addresses the design of products from a life-cycle perspective
through contemporary notions of subtraction-by-design. The model presented
transitions design to a model demanding extended projects considering every aspect
of the life-cycle of products, from inception to deployment, while addressing issues of
impact and reuse with the characteristic of sub-traction-by-design. In this context,
undisciplined stewardship is introduced as an ethical responsibility principle to enable
the creation of such products by building from notions of personal responsibility,
alterplinarity, and stewardship.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.455
Integrating ecodesign in food packaging solutions for EPR

compliance in Chile: Knowledge transfer from theory to practice
Oscar Huerta, Catalina Cortés, Carolina Melo
Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
An extended producer responsibility legislation will operate in Chile, to help solve the
problem of product post-consumer waste. Packaging is subject to the law, and waste
management systems are being created to deal with post-consumer packaging waste.
To enable products’ packaging for successful waste management in such systems,
great changes will need to be made in new packaging solutions as opposed to existing
ones. To help in this task, the course Packaging Ecodesign for EPR Compliance was
created, for an audience of professionals in packaging companies. This article reports
the design, implementation, and results of this course, focusing on final project results,
for an audience of designers and non-designers involved in design processes. The
course students succeeded in incorporating its core contents in applied systemic
packaging design solutions for real products, which can comply with the extended
producer responsibility through the upcoming waste management systems.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.241
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35 Designing neighbourhoods:
From the domestic to the community

Fernando Bajo and Ezequiel Collantes
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1071
Strategies and Tactics of Participatory Architecture.

Mirian Calvo, Rosendy Galabo, Violet Owen, Leon Cruickshank, Rachel Sara
ImaginationLancaster, Lancaster University, United Kingdom; Birmingham School of
Architecture and Design, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
This paper explores participatory architecture through counterbalancing a historical
review with an analysis of four emergent projects. This paper aims to contribute to
understanding emergent participatory architecture practices and extract best practice
and insights around these forms of designing with people. We analyse four emergent
participatory projects developed in Spain, France, Norway and England, using a
narrative inquiry-based method to examine interviews, observations, and literature. We
then discuss the lessons learnt and argue for contemporary participatory architecture
as a strong alternative to overcome the issues associated with conventional
approaches to architecture that exclude people from the design process; and to
address the most pressing challenges in our society and cities with local communities.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.458
A participatory approach in urban development: Co-designing

resilient coastal neighbourhoods
Alazne Echaniz, Sine Celik, Pieter Ham
Delft University of Technology
Urban development projects are complex processes that involve numerous
stakeholders. Lately, urban design has gained a human-centred dynamic to be able to
correspond to the needs and aspirations of the stakeholders that form the community.
This paper proposes a participatory approach to bring the community to the centre of
the design process. Through a case study conducted in the coastal areas of the
Philippines, we take a closer look at how co-design can help tackle fragile living
situations that emerge from challenging environmental and social conditions. First,
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future scenarios are co-created with residents in the form of visual summaries, boards
and relationship maps. Secondly, these insights are translated into a design
framework, where stakeholders can discuss and further iterate on the proposed
solutions. This bottom-up approach that directly uses participants' input in identifying
the essential elements of the new settlements enabled the generation of
implementable design scenarios on neighbourhood scale.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.573
Playful co-creation in urban space: Igniting activation, closeness,

and collective intervention of residents in neighbourhoods
Nicole Arthur, Liridona Sopjani
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
How public space is designed, who it is designed by, and the events embedded within
it can have a huge impact on the lived experiences in a city. Traditional ways of
developing urban space have been generating an increasing distance between
citizens, the spaces they inhabit, and the processes for creating these spaces. This
can be seen in the reduced interactions between people in public space, the little use
of public space and the disengagement of citizens from existing development
processes. In view of this a playful co-creation approach of temporary urban spaces is
explored within a community in Sweden as a new way of developing urban space,
using playfulness to enable active and extended involvement of residents. Both
playfulness and co-creation present multiple benefits when it comes to bringing
people together and facilitating creativity, and this process combines these terms and
applies them in the context of developing urban space. A resulting low-budget, playful
process ignited activation, fostered closeness, and brought change led by residents to
the neighbourhood.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.805
Framing resilience in public transportation systems, inspired by

biomimicry
Garoa Gomez Beldarrain, Camilo Andrés Carvajal Ortega, Alisha Baan, Euiyoung Kim
Resilience is a concept that describes the capability to be restored after
unprecedented events, originally emerged from biology and human sciences. This
paper aims to explore what a resilient public transportation system is and how nature’s
wisdom can be used as an inspiration for the creation of resilience in the area of
mobility, by linking public transportation systems, biomimicry and resilience together.
To this end, qualitative co-creative workshops were conducted with eleven domain
experts from public transportation, biomimicry, and biology. The experts addressed
several factors contributing to resilience in public transport that could be categorized
into four aggregated dimensions: resilience through system organization, resilience
through information management, resilience through operating performance, and
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resilience through subsystem integration. Finally, a conceptual wheel framework on
factors of resilient public transportation systems is proposed, aiming to shed light on
future public transport developments, where a systemic perspective is to be adopted.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.323
Birds, bees and bats: Exploring possibilities for cohabitation in the

more-than-human city
Ferne Edwards, Ida Maria Corsepius Melen, Anna Caroline Syse, Ida Nilstad Pettersen
Norwegian University of Science And Technology, Norway
Urbanization pressures are creating conditions for greater urban density. However,
cities are home for both humans and a diversity of nonhuman natures, where
heightened proximity between species can cause friction and conflict. This paper
explores possibilities for convivial multispecies cohabitation in more-than-human
cities. It grounds more-than-human theory through the application of three case
studies — birds, bees and bats — based in the city of Trondheim, Norway. Drawing on
three related studies, these creatures help illuminate what kind of spaces, needs and
considerations are required beyond a human-centric focus in the urban environment.
Issues to consider include disease, insecure land access and unpredictable and
complex feedback loops, while benefits from nonhuman natures include sources of
wellbeing, food and wonder. Relevant concepts include agency, assemblage, and
urban acupuncture. The paper also develops the concept of ‘multispecies mutualisms’
and offers a suite of suggestions for design interventions.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.770
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36 Studio matters in design education
(Education SIG)

Derek Jones, Colin M. Gray, Lorraine Marshalsey, Elizabeth Boling, Nicole Lotz, James
Corazzo, James Benedict Brown
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1063
Critical pedagogy and the pluriversal design studio

Colin M. Gray
Purdue University, United States of America
Studio learning is central to the teaching of design. However, the disruption of the
COVID-19 pandemic, alongside emerging and historic critiques of studio pedagogy,
creates a space for critical engagement with the present and potential futures of
design education in studio. In this paper, I outline historic critiques of studio pedagogy,
drawing primarily from critical pedagogy literature to frame is-sues relating to
disempowerment, student agency, and monolithic representations of the student role
and student development. I build upon this critical foundation to reimagine studio
practices as pluriversal, recognizing the challenges and opportunities of bridging
epistemological differences and facilitating the potential for pluralism in design
curricula, our student experiences, and the future of design professions.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.238
Illuminating themes and narratives in studio through expert

elicitation and collaborative autoethnography
Lorraine Marshalsey, Nicole Lotz
University of South Australia, Australia; Open University, United Kingdom
The studio remains central to design education as a shared place, practice and even
concept. And yet studio persists as an ill-defined entity: a complex puzzle composed
of thousands of diverse jigsaw parts constructed by teachers and students, with no
definitive list of parts. Given this background, it was opportune to review the
landscape of studio, both in terms of research and practice. In 2020, this study
brought together an invited collective of design educators from the USA, Australia,
United Kingdom, Sweden, Spain, Iran, and Germany, experienced in the research and
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operation of design studios in education to explore these issues. Expert elicitation,
conducted over several months illuminated the critical values, questions, and themes
of studio to foreground and inform future re-search studies in this field. The authors
approached this study via thematic analysis and collaborative autoethnography. Later,
they determined their own subjective narratives as they reflected on the themes
relevant to their individual studio research interests. These narratives briefly examined
studio through the lens of sensory affect and the inclusiveness of the design studio.
The emergent themes from this study have implications for both studio research and
practice: identifying a plurality of the boundaries of studio today.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.273
Camera-on/camera-off: Visibility in the design studio

James Benedict Brown
Umeå University, Sweden
What constitutes, defines or bounds the ‘studio’ in architecture education when it is
wholly online? The design studio contributes to a very particular spatial con-struct in
proximal teaching, one that has been challenged during the pandemic as educators
have adopted distance and online learning and teaching. This paper presents a brief
history of the design studio in architectural education and speculates about three
dimensions of visibility therein. It contextualises the design studio against the broader
higher education experiences of teaching online during the Covid-19 pandemic, in
particular so-called ‘Zoom anxiety’ and ‘Zoom fatigue’ experienced by teachers and
students. The paper explores how the visibility of teacher and student in the studio
conspire in the reproduction of inequity and precarity in higher education, while also
raising questions about students’ agency in disabling their cameras in online teaching.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.343
Where do we go from here? Rethinking the design studio after the

COVID-19 pandemic
Saskia van Kampen, Anne Galperin, Karin Jager, Lesley-Ann Noel, Johnathon Strube
San Francisco State University, USA; State University of New York at New Paltz, SA;
University of the Fraser Valley, USA; North Carolina State University, USA; East
Tennessee State University, USA
In this paper, five design educators apply an investigative framework to discuss the
who, what, when, where, why, and how of the Design Studio and the future of design
education at North American universities. The educators are dispersed geographically
across Canada and the United States and teach in public higher education. They have
a working and reflection group that has met weekly or bi-weekly for 18 months to
discuss and write about their practice as design educators. This paper is a distillation
of the group’s experiences, their reflections regarding the future of the design studio,
and their intentions for practice moving forward.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.345
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Studio Through Studio: a diffractive reading of the educational
design studio
James Corazzo
Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom
This article aims to unsettle familiar notions of the educational design studio by
examining how it is different from the professional studio. Both settings share similar
routines, practices, and physical features; however, I argue their operations differ in
critical ways. By bringing attention to these differences, I hope to open up new
perspectives on how learning happens in educational studios and make a case for
further material and spatial accounts of learning. I will draw on empirical accounts of
professional studios from the book Studio Studies. Wilkie and Farias identify the
studio as a sociologically significant yet overlooked setting for understanding how
creativity happens. They implore researchers to take materials, spaces, and routines
seriously to enrich our understanding of what takes place in studios. Through a close
reading of Studio Studies, I identify five critical aspects of the professional studio: 1)
the outside; 2) gathering; 3) material intimacy; 4) boundary-making practices and; 5)
making. Taking each aspect in turn, I examine how they do or do not appear in
accounts of contemporary educational studios. The intention is to provide new frames
for studying the educational studio and develop enriched accounts of how learning
happens in the studio.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.576
Exploring studio proximities: Space, time, being

Derek Jones
The Open University, United Kingdom
The studio remains central to design education but has been severely tested during
the emergency transition in design education during the global Covid-19 pandemic.
This period highlighted problems and opportunities experienced in translating studio
to online and distance modes of education, many of which arose because of the
dramatic shift in use of space and time. By investigating how educators
conceptualised these basic terms in descriptions around learning, it is possible to
make visible some of our foundational assumptions in studio education practice.
These assumptions are important to take account of as educators transition to
whatever new normal may emerge in the next years. A series of theoretical arguments
resulting in pragmatic suggestions are presented to enable educators to reflect and
develop their teaching materials independently of mode of learning and teaching.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.344
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37 Bias in design

Catalina Cortés and Madeline Sides
Implementation intention as a debiasing intervention for a bias

blind spot among UX practitioners
Oana Bogdescu, Michael Mose Biskjaer, Alwin de Rooij
Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital
Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands; Center for Digital Creativity, School
of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Situated Art and
Design Research Group, St. Joost School of Art & Design, AVANS University of Applied
Sciences, Breda, Netherlands
When designing digital products that millions of people use, User Experience (UX)
practitioners are prone to typical cognitive biases that might threaten the quality of
their work. A barrier for mitigating such biases is the bias blind spot: People are more
likely to detect bias in others than in themselves. Since practitioners have no standard
means to diminish the bias blind spot, this paper investigates the prospect of
implementation intention, designed as a commitment to consider how one evaluates
others when evaluating oneself, as a debiasing intervention. As a preliminary study, an
online experiment was conducted among 123 UX practitioners to examine whether
implementation intention could yield a short-term bias blind spot diminution. The
results suggest that the UX practitioners perceived more cognitive bias in the ‘average
UX practitioner’ than in themselves, and that implementation intention served to
diminish this bias blind spot short-term for novices and experts alike.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.155
Experimenting the role of UX Design in the definition of gender-

sensitive service design policies
Margherita Pillan, Martina Marzola
Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento del Design
The environmental and social sustainability objectives indicated in the 2030 agenda
require the development of services for urban contexts capable of responding to the
diversified primary needs of different segments of the population. International studies
on gender issues show that understanding the specific needs of women, their
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behaviors and their expectations can yield indications for creating more equitable and
inclusive services. The article reports the significant results obtained using UX Design
techniques and tools for gender-oriented service design. This activity was carried out
in collaboration between university researchers, students, and women's associations,
and produced indications on the specific female points of view capable of guiding the
development of better services and inspiring decision-makers and service providers.
The research also demonstrates the potential of applying the UX Design approach in
the investigation of the gender perspective and in dialogue with non-profit
associations interested in social innovation.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.495
Negotiating the Page: Digital Annotation and Graphic Literature

Tania Allen, Margaret Simon
North Carolina State University, United States of America
The past ten years have seen an increased acceptance and study of the graphic novel
as a literary instrument. More and more authors and designers are using the comic
book platform and its shorter, serialized structure, to tell stories about race, class, and
gender. In tackling these more complex issues, creators are intentionally or
unintentionally making environments where readers are engaging in methods of
negotiated reading—discovering an affinity with aspects of the characters and stories,
and actively creating a discourse with identity and positionality. Digital annotation and
reading platforms offer a unique opportunity to teachers, designers, scholars, and
readers to actively examine and enhance the ways this negotiated reading is
experienced, but most privilege text-based literature over graphic literature, and few
actively connect the texts to real-world, contemporary experiences or evidence. This
paper describes an approach for augmenting graphic novels through visual and digital
annotation.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.259
Design and cyberactivism on social media during Covid-19 in Brazil

Heloísa Oliveira, Suzete Venturelli
Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Brazil; Univerdidade Anhembi Morumbi and
Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
The article presented below addresses the presence of design, in its intersection with
art and technology, in activist actions disseminated and organized through digital
social media during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. To this, four
contemporary works of cyberactivism and art-activism in digital social media will be
presented and analyzed to obtain a more in-depth insight into how these cases show
design, as well as the respective strategies of action in this period, marked by political
crises, hyperconnectivity in networks, and social distancing.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.229
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38 User-centred design

Weston Baxter and Tina Ekhtiar
Designers in Action: Insights and design opportunities for

supporting Embodied Learning in Climbing
Hakan Yılmazer, Aykut Coşkun
Koç University – Arçelik Research Center For Creative Industries
Action sports have been under research spotlight due to increase in research
opportunities and popularity. Though previous work focused on performance and
success metrics, research on mental and emotional aspects, which make up an
important part of the learning experience of action sports is still lacking. By focusing
on climbing and climbers’ learning experiences, we aimed to extract user insights into
learning practices of sportspeople and identify design opportunities to enhance these
practices. Initially we gave climbing lectures to interaction designers, as a first-hand
experience of learning processes. Then we conducted co-creation sessions with
climbers and designers to identify learning needs and generate possible design
proposals. Analyzing these, we identified three user insights that summarize climbers’
learning needs: bodily awareness, social feedback and learning how to fall, and design
opportunities for addressing these, grouped as how to design feedback for climbers
and how to address mental challenges of the climbing.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.371
Usability Testing with Children: History of Best Practices,

Comparison of Methods & Gaps in Literature
Andria Banker, Carlye Lauff
University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, United States of America
This paper is a systematized literature review centered on the best practices of
usability testing with children, when they are the target end user in product
development. The paper begins with a brief history of usability testing with children
during the prototyping stage of product development. Following, the methodology
guiding this literature review is described. Then, guidelines for usability testing with
children provided by past research are outlined in chronological order, documented to
show the evolution of changes or improvements in the practices over time.
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Additionally, most of the approaches to usability (as part of evaluative research) have
been identified and com-pared between one another with a variety of factors. In
conclusion, directions for further research are suggested based on current
unanswered questions in the field of prototype usability testing with children, such as
considerations for longitudinal vs. cross-sectional testing, physical vs. digital product
testing, and age range of children.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.646
Digital toys as tangible, embodied, embedded interactions

Nicole Vickery, Dannielle Tarlinton, Yuehao Wang, Alethea Blackler
School of Design, Faculty of Creative Industries, Education and Social Justice,
Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Our research aims to explore the potential that tangible, embedded, embodied
interactions (TEIs) has in enabling children’s (age 3-5 years old) active play. This paper
describes our study of 66 commercially available digitally augmented toys that have
the potential to get children moving, and how these digital toys may be conceptualised
as TEIs. During our analysis, the type and persistence of digital feedback from the toys
was an important factor in our conceptualisation of these toys as tangible and
embodied. We also encounter issues when conceptualising children’s toys, particularly
toys for pretend play, as embedded interaction. These findings offer the opportunity to
refine our definition of embeddedness to capture children’s play and highlights the
importance of designing toys with strong feedback for physical activity.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.804
A framework for designing the seamless automotive multimodal

experience in future connected and autonomous vehicles
Fangli Song, Wei Wang, Hongnan Lin, Yuanqing Tian
School of Design, Hunan University; School of Design, Georgia Institute of Technology
As multimodal user interfaces (MUIs) significantly enrich user experience with
connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), a seamless modality combination and
multimodal switch is the key to enhancing human interaction's efficiency and usability
across multiple interfaces in vehicles. From the theoretical review, we discuss the
concept of seamlessness. Based on the consideration of driving automation upgrade
and multi-tasking dynamics, we introduce two seamless dimensions of the new design
space of multimodal user interfaces in both chronological and spatial orders. We
propose a framework incorporating the design space and discuss the factors
influencing the performance of multimodal seamlessness with the driving tasks
constantly changing. Further, we present three design practices using this framework
to illustrate the design methods. We also discuss the framework's potentials and
limitations for designing the human-machine interaction in CAVs.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.163
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39 Designing new financial transactions:
Theories, case studies, methods, practice, and
futures

Chris Elsden, Bettina Nissen and Inte Gloerich
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1070
Financial wellbeing canvas: Tool for designing holistic financial

services for all life stages
Yihyun Lim, Emanuele Gandini
MIT Civic Design Initiative, United States of America; Iovine and Young Academy,
University of Southern California, United States of America; Innovation by Design
The paper introduces a design tool, ‘Financial Well-being Canvas’ that is developed to
help conceptualize, evaluate, and identify opportunities to create holistic financial well-
being service offerings for various ‘life stages’ of users. The paper includes a survey
and value mapping of existing product offerings and finance and fintech offers with a
focus on interaction style, user approach, and role/character of the service. Taking
these insights, the Canvas is designed with the concept of financial well-being at the
forefront, specifically in understanding how banks can be present at certain life
moments for users to achieve it. The Canvas touches upon three dimensions:
modality, degree of service and timing (life moments). The paper exemplifies
usefulness of the Canvas through two examples: as an evaluation tool of existing
offerings, and as an ideation tool of new holistic services.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.603
Envisioning personal finance and expense tracking for a

sustainable future
Young-ae Hahn, Jiyoun Lee, Minhyuk Kim
Yonsei University, South Korea
Young Koreans who are financially inexperienced and unconcerned about
environmental and social issues cannot achieve balanced goals—economic self-
sufficiency, environmental-health sustainability and ethical consumption—for a
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sustainable future. Although current personal finance apps provide daily, weekly and
monthly spending trends, they do not effectively raise awareness of these goals. In
response, we envisioned an alternative expense tracking app UI with two reference
points against which a user can compare his/her current spending: (1) the user’s peer
age/household/income group spending averages and (2) expert recommendations on
the appropriate savings rate, energy consumption limits and ethically manufactured
products. According to a survey questionnaire that evaluated the effectiveness of the
alternative UI design, participants’ priorities are skewed towards individualistic goals of
fulfilling their material needs. However, the alternative UI design was comprehensible
and participants considered the two reference points valuable for personal finance
management. These findings are discussed in relation to financial socialisation.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.799
Curb your enthusiasm: The dissonances of digitising personal

finance
Belen Barros Pena, Bailey Kursar, Rachel Clarke, John Vines
Queen Mary University London, United Kingdom; Independent Consultant; Newcastle
University, United Kingdom; University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Financial technologies are often credited with empowering the consumer-citizen. The
discourse that surrounds them is overwhelmingly positive, emphasising their
contribution to speed, efficiency, availability, competition, quality and affordability.
These very same technologies, however, also clash against the meanings that we
attach to money, and against the things we value in our interactions with it. Through a
review of the design literature on moneywork, and our own research with people
experiencing both mental illness and financial difficulty, we discuss a list of
dissonances that result from digitising our personal finances. We hope this discussion
will encourage designers to reflect and think critically about financial technologies, and
to look beyond the hype currently built around them.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.302
CariCrop: Can a digital payment system support fairer agricultural

trade?
Kruakae Pothong, Larissa Pschetz, Arlene Bailey, Billy Dixon
LSE, United Kingdom; University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; The University of the
West Indies, Jamaica
What difference can new technologies make for small-scale farmers facing a multitude
of uncertainties that could affect not only the value of their crops but also when and
whether they get paid? To understand how Distributed Ledger Technologies such as
Blockchains, could be leveraged to address such uncertainties in agricultural trade, we
engaged small-scale farmers in a problem delineation exercise and designed CariCrop,
a payment system and currency that specifically addresses the issue of delayed
payments. We investigated the potential impact of this system through immersive
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drama and deliberative workshops. We found that although digital payment systems
can give farmers greater autonomy in agri-cultural trade, these systems do need to be
designed with careful consideration of social values and integrate local economic and
legal infrastructures.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.311
Designing new money: Creative transactions on Twitch

Chris Elsden, Chris Speed
Institute for Design Informatics, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
There is a wealth of contemporary scholarship pointing to ways in which money and
payment media are being rapidly reconfigured through data and technology platforms,
towards what Swartz terms ‘New Money’. In this article, we look at these
developments through the lens of design research and ask: how might we approach
the design of new money? And how can design research complement and extend
critical sociological work on payment technologies, monetization and new cultural
economies? To respond to these questions, we analyse a series of ‘creative
transactions’ that take place on live-streaming platform Twitch. Twitch offers a rich
example of payments as they are interweaved with social media. Employing Kow et
al.’s (2017) framework for ‘transactional attributes’ we explore how various forms of
payment and exchange in Twitch have been designed and adopted to perform
relational work across a ‘transactional community’. Through this case study, we
identify novel qualities and patterns of ‘new money’, and propose means and
opportunities for designers to engage critically with the design of contemporary
payment technologies.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.574
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40 Designing public organisations

Sampsa Hyysalo and Susan Evans
Design types in diversified city administration

Sampsa Hyysalo, Kaisa Savolainen, Antti Pirinen, Tuuli Mattelmäki, Päivi Hietanen, Meri
Virta
Aalto University, Finland; City of Helsinki, Finland
Design is increasingly used to develop public services, and considerations have arisen
regarding how to gain best value from it. Design ladders and design maturity models
are commonly referenced also in the public sector, but we argue that their adequate
use must rest on an informed view of the diversity of design activities in the public
sector organizations. The world’s major cities are large and highly diversified
organizations. Our case study of one of them, the city of Helsinki, reveals 23 distinct
types of design activities, distinct in terms of the process, outcomes, and agency that
design has. These activities can be grouped into six different clusters. These lay the
ground for each other and support the cultural transformation of the organization
towards being a more citizen-centric organization. At the same time, they also create a
design management challenge and confusion over what “design” is and what it can do.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.391
Incubating civic leadership in design: The role of cross-pollination

spaces
Katerina Alexiou, Theodore Zamenopoulos, Vera Hale, Sophia de Sousa
The Open University, United Kingdom; The Glass-House Community Led Design
The paper explores the hypothesis that access to places that enhance capabilities for
co-design work across sectors, is an important vehicle for incubating and sup-porting
civic leadership. More specifically, the paper reports insights from a study which
created ‘cross-pollination’ spaces to bring together academic and non-academic
individuals from different backgrounds, disciplines, and sectors to explore the notion
of incubating civic leadership and to develop pop-up interventions to test ideas for
incubating civic leadership in two locations in the UK. Drawing on the reflections of
participants collected through group reflection spaces and through individual
interviews, the study identifies a number of common themes which help understand
the value of cross-pollination spaces, but al-so the barriers and enablers of civic
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design leadership. As such, the study con-tributes to both the theory and practice of
co-design within and with communities across sectors.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.575
Organizational learning through collaborative project-based

service design course: The flip side of the coin
Suzan Boztepe
Malmö University, Sweden
Collaborating with public or private sector organizations in project-based courses
equips design students with key skills to future-proof their careers, but this gives only
one side of the story as the key feature of these partnerships is that they are
mutualistic collaborations. However, the benefits to organizations of collaborating are
not fully explored. This paper presents a case study of partnerships with four different
public organizations in a service design course over a five-year period. It argues that
collaborating in project-based courses serves as risk-free experimentation and paves
the way for organizational learning. The paper first reviews the existing research on
collaboration in design education and organizational learning. Then, three types of
learning that emerged from the data are analyzed. Next, the steps to successful
collaboration are discussed, noting the ups and downs of managing the project
partnerships. Finally, the challenges of teaching a collaborative project-based design
course are discussed.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.670
Walking in my shoes: Creating a toolkit for co-designing a shared

vision for city development
Monique De Costa, Nadia Anam, Jiayi Shi, Diego Muñoz, Sonja Pedell
Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
This research explores the creation of co-design methods that build and maintain
long-term relationships in council development projects and engages in innovative
design outcomes for the future of the city. A series of workshops were conducted with
participants, including designers and urban planners. Stage 1 investigated mechanisms
of building trust and understanding roles and responsibilities to test different
relationship dynamics. Stage 2 explored activities suitable for dealing with innovation,
negotiation, and shared planning to test innovative design outcomes. Findings show
that relationship dynamics developed better through conversational activities than
pure brainstorming, and that innovative outcomes were best generated through the
sharing of values and visions rather than one-sided communication. To support
councils to build relationships with developers, we designed a co-design toolkit. The
toolkit aims to facilitate meaningful discussions and navigate conflicts in a project,
while allowing for the dynamicity of long-term relationships for collaborative city
planning.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.367
143
Participatory design towards digital democracy
Santiago Augusto Silva, Joon Sang Baek
Yonsei University Department of Human Environment and Design; Yonsei University
Department of Human Environment and Design
The potential contributions of participatory design towards current problems of digital
democracy platforms are investigated in this research. Literature review, thematic
analysis, and inter-rater reliability test were used to determine the major issues in
digital democracy platforms and what approaches and tools from participatory design
study and practice can be used to address them, considering that democratic
dynamics face similar difficulties in both participatory design, and digital democracy.
As a result, a participatory design guide for digital democracy is developed, which
included seven proposed strategies for dealing with five common issues of public
participation platforms. This work contributes to the discussion of design and
democracy by expanding the application of participatory design to different areas.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.314
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41 Design education

Marie Van den Bergh and Isaac Ortega Alvarado
Embedding authentic feedback literacy in design students: A new

model for peer assessment
Michael Edward Parker, David Anthony Parkinson
Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Northumbria University, United Kingdom
Design-based subjects consistently perform poorly in relation to assessment and
feedback in measures such as the National Student Survey (UK), which prompts
educators to consider more effective ways of engaging design students in the
assessment and feedback process. There is a growing field of research supporting the
view that exercises can be designed to deliver authentic experiences and enhance
student assessment and feedback literacy. Through a literature review of this
emerging field, this study establishes a framework for designing a peer-assessment
and feedback exercise aimed specifically at developing authentic feedback literacy in
design students, through emulating real-world experiences of the design industry. A
single explanatory case study is then used to test the effectiveness of this exercise on
30 design students. The conclusion develops an understanding of using peer-
assessment and feedback to embed authentic feedback literacy, and a set of
recommendations for evolving the exercise design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.384
The value of being close - social and ecological sustainability in

coliving for students
Sara Ilstedt, Martin Sjöman
Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Sweden
Sustainability challenges demands that we live smaller and more efficient in terms of
re-sources and energy, at the same time, loneliness and mental unhealth are in-
creasing among young people and students. One solution to both ecological and social
sustain-ability is provided by coliving, where a small group of people share a home.
Living in a shared home is an opportunity for friendship and sense of community but is
also associated with frictions. This paper describes an interdisciplinary and
experimental research project about coliving for students and particularly focuses on
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the social aspects and new practices of living together. We conclude that a small
homelike environment has great potential to create the social belonging young people
need as well as spreading sustainable practices, but there has to be a so-cial and
practical structures there from the start in order to create a resilient and safe space
for living.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.413
A community-based learning program to improve wellbeing and

design student success
Marie Van den Bergh, Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer, Rebecca Price
While the Pandemic has increased awareness towards student wellbeing in higher
education (HE), it also exacerbated existing challenges. Specifically, students pursuing
their master graduation thesis often find themselves isolated and overwhelmed due to
the individualistic nature of their project and the pressure to create a ‘masterpiece’. In
this paper, we provide insight into how designing for community can positively impact
thesis design students’ motivation, sense of community and wellbeing, which we
identify as drivers of student success. We discuss and evaluate a community-based
learning (CBL) program we designed and implemented to improve student success
during the master thesis journey of 92 students at the Faculty of Industrial Design
Engineering, TU Delft. Our findings from the program are that; (1) facilitating
connections between students generates a sense of community; (2) a customizable
program supports student agency which in turn drives motivation; (3) a focus on
student success instead of performance improves wellbeing.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.761
Differential moral framing and the design imagination

Philippe Gauthier, Sébastien Proulx
Université de Montréal, Canada; The Ohio State University, USA
The objective of this paper is to provide a proof of concept for a pedagogical
apparatus aiming to foster moral education and reflection about the inner good of
their practice among apprentice-designers. We designed this tool with the aim of
helping students understand how modern moral pluralism imprints professional mores,
and how particular conceptions of the good life may affect the way they envision and
devise how the world should be (and how they ought to design it). Our tool comes in
the form of a role-playing game based on different species of worth coexisting in
modern democracies, and that French sociologists Luc Boltanski and Laurent
Thévenot have been depicting in their book On Justification—Economies of Worth
(2006). Our proof of concept is based on two use cases related to the many studio
courses that offered us settings to develop our tool.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.334
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42 Practice research in social design as a form
of inquiry

Patrycja Kaszynska, Eva Knutz and Thomas Markussen
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1059
Repair as a social design practice: Three case studies in vulnerable

households in Chile
Pedro Alvarez Caselli, Antonio Batlle Lathrop
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
The work presented herein addresses the socio-material implications and
spontaneous design actions that emerge from the home repair practices of household
objects in low-income areas. Through qualitative research and contextual inquiry from
the investigation of their praxis (Cross, 2007), we reassess the principles of planned
obsolescence associated with product design and throw-away culture. Within the
framework of matters of care of non-human devices that are part of a social assembly,
a theoretical discussion develops around certain actions; in particular, repairing
everyday household objects, as design solutions. The exploratory methodology of this
project is based on literature review and on-site case studies in Villa El Refugio in the
commune of Puente Alto, an area in Santiago, Chile where basic actions such as waste
collection are scarce. Through observing and analyzing the repair of essential objects
for everyday use, we recognize creative actions that activate the relationship between
humans and non-humans when altering the social life of objects to extend their use.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.218
Talking about food: Reflecting on transitions of practice in people

with lived experience of food poverty
David Perez, Roger Whitham, Gemma Coupe, Leon Cruickshank
In this paper, we deploy a practice theory lens to explore how co-design activities have
enabled individuals to transition to new and different advocacy, inquiry and
engagement practices. The co-design project we describe sought to bring about
change in a national network of organisations addressing food poverty in the UK. The
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aim of the project was to collaborate with young people and adults from different
communities of the North of England to co-design tools for gathering stories and
enabling advocacy relating to food insecurity. We use a practice theory lens to
describe the relationships between co-design activities and transitions in practices of
a single participant. The findings show the value of exploring and sharing meanings,
practical experimentation and facilitating transitions within participant’s practice. We
argue that practice theory provides an analytical framework to understand the
impacts of co-design and social design by interpreting the transitioning practices in
participants.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.683
Artifacts in the Co-production of Knowledge in Social Design

Eva Knutz, Thomas Markussen
Abstract: Social Design Research is a design and research approach that is charac-
terised by an attempt to make a difference for marginalized, underprivileged or
vulnerable groups in society through participatory processes and the use of
knowledge artifacts. This article demonstrates how knowledge is generated co-
productively and shows the interplay between different types of tacit or explicit forms
of knowledge and models the knowledge exchange between design re-searchers,
practitioners and the participating citizens.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.708
Performative modes of inquiry as everyday theatre

Maria Foverskov
Malmö University, School of Arts and Communication (K3), Sweden
I aim to strengthen Social Design inquiries by introducing lenses from Performance
Studies and Design Anthropology for acquiring better understandings of how social
designers navigate performative processes of practice research. I draw upon
experiences in co-producing performative modes of inquiries as an everyday theatre. A
design research project supporting citizens, public and private partners in different
ways in which communities of senior citizens could be supported in organizing and
meeting up for social and outdoor exercise activities on an ad-hoc basis. I show how
knowledge is bodily co-produced and performed through multiple partners co-
scripting the performance of an everyday theatre, which manifests itself in a
performative praxis. I offer a performative framework that enables social designers to
explore different performative modes of inquiry as approaching worldmaking as
rehearsing by trickstering, performing by wayfaring and re-enacting by bartering
multiple worldviews of an everyday theatre. Performance Studies and Design
Anthropology has the potential to support situated experiential inquiries and portray
the values for partners in practice research transitioning civic and public relations in
welfare societies.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.719
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Preparing for the pluriverse: Embracing critical self-reflection in
service design practice
Shivani Prakash
The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, Norway
This paper explores how service designers in the public sector can embrace a lens of
cultural plurality in their daily design practice. When designing for public services, a
gap between the cultural assumptions of the designer and diverse residents is going
to emerge. If this gap is not addressed, service design risks enacting harmful
oppressive structures. This study develops a process model based on a research
through design approach. It describes how a generative feedback loop of critical self-
reflection negotiated within design practice could support designers to begin
embracing cultural plurality along with concrete examples. The process model
addresses the missing how of critical reflection in service design practice and explores
how design artefacts can be leveraged to start creating a designerly critical self-
reflective practice.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.566
Social design as normative inquiry

Patrycja Kaszynska
Social Design Institute, University of the Arts London, United Kingdom
This paper gives a stipulative definition of social design. It argues that there is a
distinctive field of design practice, and design practice research that can be labelled
‘social design’ but that this distinctiveness cannot be spelled out directly in terms of
the relation between design and the social, which has been the dominant view up till
now. Rather, social design is defined in terms of the kind of knowledge production that
it is — as a form of situational normative inquiry. This means that it is conducted
empirically by responding to problems identified in specific situations and according to
the ends-in-view that can be collectively warranted, and thus responding to the norms
of justification and standards of criticism of those affected. This stipulative definition
not only has the advantage of delineating and orienting the fields of practices of social
design, it also opens some interesting considerations with respect to knowledge
claims made by social design research.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.694
Evaluating Social Innovations (SI), how Creative Evaluation (CE)

can help articulate their values and impacts.
Violet Owen, Pınar Ceyhan, Leon Cruickshank, Elisavet Christou
Locally, nationally and internationally, Social Innovations (SI) are increasingly seen as a
way to address the complex problems posed by society. Emphasised by both funding
bodies and in UK legislation and initiatives such as Public Services (Social Value) Act
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2012 and Social Impact Bonds, there is a greater urgency in evidencing the value
generated by SIs. However, the process of measuring and evidencing social value is
still underdeveloped. This necessitates developing evaluation approaches that are
adaptive, responsive to context, and able to demonstrate value beyond financial
return. This paper presents an overview of the current evaluation methods employed
to capture the social value generated by SI’s and examines the problems with these
methods. Furthermore, it reviews Creative Evaluation (CE), a constellation of
evaluation approaches, which has recently garnered renewed attention in evaluation
research, and presents it as a promising avenue that could help mitigate the current
issues faced when evaluating SI’s.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.607
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43 Designing dialogue: Human-AI collaboration in
design processes
Session chairs
Senthil Chandrasegaran and Euiyoung Kim
Editorial
Peter Lloyd, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Euiyoung Kim, Jonathan Cagan, Maria Yang, and
Kosa Goucher-Lambert
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1079
Pushing divergence and promoting convergence in a speculative

design process: Considerations on the role of AI as a co-creation
partner
Luca Simeone, Riccardo Mantelli, Alfredo Adamo
Aalborg University, Denmark; Universe Everywhere, United Kingdom; Alan Advantage,
Italy
Within design research, several studies have looked at Artificial Intelligence as a tool to
help ideation processes. However, the potential of using Artificial Intelligence to
support a specific characteristic of the design process, namely the interplay between
divergent and convergent thinking, remains underexplored. Aiming to address this
gap, this paper examines how 136 students interacted with Artificial Intelligence on the
occasion of two courses run by the authors in a prominent European design school.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.197
151
Exploring diversity perceptions in a community through a Q&A
chatbot
Peter Kun, Amalia de Götzen, Miriam Bidoglia, Niels Jørgen Gommesen,
George Gaskell
Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark; London School of Economics and Political
Science, United Kingdom
While diversity has become a debated issue in design, very little research exists on
positive use-cases for diversity beyond scholarly criticism. The current work addresses
this gap through the case of a diversity-aware chatbot, exploring what benefits a
diversity-aware chatbot could bring to people and how do people interpret diversity
when being presented with it. In this paper, we motivate a Q&A chatbot as a
technology probe and deploy it in two student communities within a study. During the
study, we collected contextual data on people's expectations and perceptions when
presented with diversity. Our key findings show that people seek out others with
shared niche interests, or their search is driven by exploration and inspiration when
presented with diversity. Although interacting through a chatbot is limited, participants
found the engagement novel and interesting to motivate future research.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.807
AI in design idea development: A workshop on creativity and

human-AI collaboration
Fabio Antonio Figoli, Lucia Rampino, Francesca Mattioli
In a fast-paced society, AI systems can prove to be reliable teammates alongside
human agents during the early stages of the design process, capable of helping to
manage the increasing complexity of projects. Therefore, the introduction of AI
systems into the design process is analysed according to the implications on the
designer’s creativity and the kind of human-AI collaboration that is established,
highlighting trust balance and the new role played by the designer. The main aspects
covered by the study were tested in a workshop, in which continuous and
discontinuous human-AI collaboration were compared. In the case of continuous
collaboration, the results show that AI assumed the role of a bossy groupmate, leading
to an AI-driven creative process. In the second case, AI took the role of an expert
capable of generating variance outside the team, leading to a human-driven creative
process.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.414
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Ceci n’est pas une chaise: Emerging practices in designer-AI
collaboration
Vera van der Burg, Almila Akdag Salah, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Peter Lloyd
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Emerging practices of using ‘off the shelf’ AI as a creative partner in design processes
are receiving increasing attention in design research. This paper takes the well-known
concept of ‘framing’ in design, along with the Schönian concept of ‘surprise’ to explore
how a human-AI dialogue could work. The approach taken is practice-based, with the
human designer documenting her process of inquiry and decision making. We show
how artificial creativity is expressed through misfiring object detection algorithms, and
further how these ‘mistakes’ can be perceived and interpreted by the human designer.
The contribution of the research is in laying the foundations for a novel human-AI
dialogic practice.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.653
IdeaSquares: Utilizing generative text as a source of design

inspiration
Gyeongwon Yun, Kwangmin Cho, Yunwoo Jeong, Tek-Jin Nam
KAIST, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)
Online searching tools are used for early design ideation. However, they tend to limit
designers’ creativity due to direct visual feedback and lack of novelty. We pre-sent
IdeaSquares, a design concept text generation tool for supporting the ideation
process. We used text-generation artificial intelligence (AI) that was fine-tuned on the
Red Dot design award winners’ data to show newly generated design examples as
search results. To understand how young designers use concept text generation tool
for the design ideation, we conducted a comparative user study where participants
used two versions, generative querying and conventional searching mode, of the tools
during the ideation task. Our findings revealed that (1) texts are combined and
reinterpreted to different meanings during the ideation and (2) ideas are developed by
finding appropriate keywords that fit to a primitive idea when the generative querying
mode was used. Based on the tool development and the study results, we discuss how
generative text empowered by AI can be used as a source of inspiration and further
support the design ideation.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.484
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44 Perspectives on climate change

Dan Lockton, Ziyu Zhou, Wasabii Ng
Deep Listening: A Framework for Collaborative Climate Adaptation

Eric Gordon, Yihyun Lim, James Paradis, Tomas Guarna, Gabriela Degetau, Mona
Vijaykumar
MIT Civic Design Initiative
This article introduces Deep Listening, a novel transdisciplinary research agenda and
framework for collaborative climate adaptation. It argues for the urgency to develop a
communication approach in understanding how frontline communities interact with
mediating institutions. Deep Listening is presented in five components: 1) knowledge
sharing (mutually agreed upon protocols for data production and use); 2) holding
space (co-creating spaces where institutional actors and communities can exchange,
learn from each other and discuss); 3) the production and sharing of climate
imaginaries (where local or Indigenous knowledge and community values are
respected); 4) sensemaking with a diversity of perspectives and scientific data; and 5)
evaluation and monitoring support to assure accountability and to assess quality of
information. Based on a literature review of adaptation studies, the case is made that
the Deep Listening approach can enhance the sense of procedural justice and
mitigate maladaptive outcomes.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.802
A material-centric approach in non-anthropocentric design

Ziyu Zhou, Valentin Brück, Markus Holzbach
Politecnico di Milano, Italy; Offenbach University of Art and Design, Germany
With the non-anthropocentric view, the materials—the non-human actors, can be seen
as active contributors to the design process itself. Materials become carriers of a wide
variety of information and reshape human and non-human relations as relational
agencies. Many pioneer design activities that de-center humanity rethink the
relationship among different material actors to reflect on the 'Anthropocene' issues.
The approaches to designing for post-Anthropocene scenarios are usually provocative
in various aspects. This paper proposes a speculative, material-centric design
approach to engage discussions towards post-Anthropocene scenarios by rethinking
the entanglement of human and non-human actors. This approach was used to
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conduct a workshop called 'Future matters'. By sharing its results, this paper aims to
trigger more discussions on the enriching roles material plays in post-anthropocentric
design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.518
Mediating the needs of human and natural nonhuman

stakeholders: Towards a design methodological framework
Emilija Veselova, Idil Gaziulusoy, Julia Lohmann
NODUS Sustainable Design Research Group, Department of Design, Aalto University;
EMPIRICA Research Group, Department of Design, Aalto University
More-than-human approaches to design are one of the ways in which the design
community is rethinking itself in the face of sustainability challenges. These
approaches most often decenter humans from being the sole focus, stakeholder, or
actant in design processes. However, currently, there is a shortage of more-than-
human methods and tools that would be applicable in day-to-day design practice. In
this paper, we, as one of the academic partners in a transdisciplinary consortium
project, report results from our preliminary work and early insights towards developing
a design methodological framework that would support the mediation of human and
nonhuman needs in design. We view the concept of needs as a boundary object and,
through semi-structured interviews with the consortium members, explore
perspectives on ‘needs’ within the consortium. Then, we discuss five areas of
complexity that our team needs to consider and further learn about while developing
the design methodological framework.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.524
Promoting climate awareness through the design of interactive

moving posters
Ricardo Gonçalves, Sérgio M. Rebelo, Daniel Lopes, Artur Rebelo
University of Coimbra, CISUC, DEI
Nowadays, the ubiquity of digital media has promoted the establishment of novel
Graphic Design practices that seek to better catch the audience’s attention. In the
Poster Design scenario, we observed the appearance of moving posters, digital-based
artefacts that include animated elements; nevertheless, as moving posters get
increasingly common, the search for more effective communication approaches
should be conducted.
This paper studies the impact of interactivity on poster design. Computational and
Artificial Intelligence approaches have been employed to design a set of interactive
moving posters which can adapt according to the viewer’s actions and the surrounding
environment. The current environmental issues of the planet Earth have been the
theme explored in these experimental posters. To assess whether interactivity was
favouring the posters, these were tested against printing and moving versions. The
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preliminary results encouraged the adoption of interactivity to create more attractive
and engaging posters.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.741
Framing Scenario Thinking in a Mode of Futures by Design Inquiry

Corbin Raymond, Andrew Morrison, Henry Mainsah
The Oslo School of Architecture and Design; Oslo Metropolitan University
In Transdisciplinary Design inquiry, the conceptual and ideational need to be clarified
when relational and qualitative methodologies are enacted. This is crucial concerning
complex, emergent, and urgent matters of climate change, sustainability, and
collective citizenship. Theoretically, this paper covers conceptualizing scenarios as
part of future-orientated envisioning and sits between design, anticipation, and
foresight studies. We then propose three scenario thinking devices based on initial
literature review and conceptual positioning to engage scenario thinking. The paper
proposes a reframing of scenario thinking by design research as a means to inform
clearer scenario building for long term sustainable collaborative futures.
Methodologically, we draw on explorative and compositional methodology to
reposition scenario thinking as anticipatory scenario building. The three scenario
thinking devices are work-in-progress and will be investigated in the field through a
series of ongoing research activities.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.688
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45 Design for policy and governance (PoGo SIG)
Session chairs
Scott Schmidt, Marzia Mortati, Louise Mullagh, Lucy Kimbell, Liz Richardson, and
Catherine Durose
Editorial
Marzia Mortati, Scott Schmidt, and Louise Mullagh
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1066
Design for public policy: Embracing uncertainty and hybridity in

mapping future research
Lucy Kimbell, Liz Richardson, Ramia Mazé, Catherine Durose
University of the Arts London, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, United
Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
Addressing contemporary public policy challenges requires new thinking and new
practice. Therefore, there is a renewed sense of urgency to critically assess the
potential of the emerging field of ‘design for policy’. On the one hand, design
approaches are seen as bringing new capacities for problem-solving to public policy
development. On the other, the attendant risks posed to effective and democratic
policy making are unclear, partly because of a limited evidence base. The paper
synthesises recent contributions in design research, policy studies, political science
and democratic theory which have examined the uses of design for public policy
making. Mapping out areas of debate building on studies of design from policy studies
and from within design research, we suggest promising directions for future cross-
disciplinary research in a context of uncertainty.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.303
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A study on strategic activities to foster design practices in a local
government organization
Ahmee Kim, Mieke van der Bijl Brouwer, Ingrid Mulder, Peter Lloyd
In recent years, governments have increasingly pursued innovation by embed-ding
design into their organizations. One particularly common approach to embedding
design in government organization is to establish public sector innovation labs. These
labs are described as contributors and facilitators of innovation in policymaking
processes; however, less light has been shed on the role of in-house designers
(including these labs) in fostering and managing the changes made by design
practices within government organizations. In the current study, design management
has been used as a theoretical lens to study the strategic activities of in-house
designers in a Dutch municipality to embed design within the organization. The
findings show the importance of strategic activity by in-house designers to foster
design practice and resulting organizational changes and the need for participation of
more organizational members in this activity. We conclude with setting an agenda for
more research and practices on strategic activities to foster design practices and
organizational changes in government.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.528
Co-designing public value: Collective ownership of outcomes in

the public sphere
Jez Bebbington, Leon Cruickshank, Niall Hayes
Design principles and practices have contributed substantially to the discipline of
public management, particularly over the last decade. Service design, design for policy,
and design for social innovation demonstrate the increasing degree of convergence
between design and public management. This paper considers the concept of
‘creating public value’, at a strategic level beyond specific policies and services, from a
co-design perspective. The paper explores opportunities for co-design principles and
methods to contribute to the creation of public value - via policy design and
enactment - through the examination of public value and co-design literature.
Implications for co-designers and policymakers are considered in shaping processes of
what the paper describes as collective ‘co-valuing’ between actors in the public
sphere. The paper recognises the contribution designers can make outside the
predetermined parameters of specific services and policies, and proposes a model
within which this activity can take place. Further research is recommended in an
empirical environment.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.445
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“What a designer does in a municipality?” – different approaches
towards design in 3 Danish municipalities
Justyna Starostka, Amalia De Götzen
In recent years, design in the public sector has gained popularity amongst
policymakers as well as among scholars. Design is perceived as a promising way to
create more successful policies and public services. Out of many different approaches,
design thinking (DT) has become significantly popular, as it promises to deal with
wicked problems in a new way. Despite growing popularity, however, a critical
reflection on benefits and challenges, as well as about different understandings of DT
practices in public sector, are still lacking. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate
different ways public organisations engage and introduce DT. In this paper we present
3 different municipalities in Denmark and the way design and DT is understood and
implemented in organizational work practices. Our contribution to theory is twofold.
First, our research responds to the recent call of different researchers to investigate
how DT is operationalised and drawn upon in practice by different organizations in the
public sector. Second, our research contributes to the design field, by showing barriers
of implementations, different benefits and challenges connected with design
implementation in organisations with no prior experience in design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.517
On the importance of an enlarged ‘design for policy’ framework

within the public policy cycle
Rui Monteiro, Bruno Giesteira, Anne Boddington, Cristina Farinha
Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Kingston University College of
Art and Design, Kingston upon Thames, UK; Institute of Sociology, University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
This paper aims to reinforce the importance of looking at ‘design for policy’ in an
enlarged perspective, encompassing the entirety of the public policy cycle. This is
substantiated with a re-examination of ‘design for policy’ foundational literature, by
highlighting a narrative which we argue to have set its expectations mostly on
processes for (co-)creating new policies. In turn, the later stages of the policy cycle
have not been getting sufficient attention, leading to an unbalanced ‘design for policy’
approach. We also contrast this interpretation with recent literature, further attesting
to its fragmentation.
Furthermore, this is analysed considering evidence emerging within the New European
Bauhaus policy, while also seeing it as an opportunity to further strengthen a ‘design
for policy’ approach.
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Ultimately, this fragmentation seems to lie both on the incipient nature of ‘design for
policy’, but also on how design is understood, and is translated to the policy making
process.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.817
Applying Design-led Approaches to Public Sector Innovation: A

Case Study of New Zealand’s Service Innovation Lab
Jane Lehtinen
Aalto University
This paper adds to emerging research on the application of design-led approaches to
public policy and services by public sector innovation labs. It presents key findings
from the first in-depth case study on the New Zealand government Service Innovation
Lab, which operated between 2017 and 2020 as part of broader public sector efforts
for citizen-centric digital transformation. Based on a thematic analysis of semi-
structured interviews and organizational documentation, it discusses how the
challenges of applying the Lab’s design-led approach in this public sector context
were navigated by professionals involved with the Lab over time. The findings reveal
that to navigate the public sector system barriers to innovation, conditions for
innovation were created on a strategic and operational level through an authorizing
environment, leadership, and innovation culture. These conditions enabled the Lab
team to facilitate learning for, and delivery of, innovation with cross sector
stakeholders through its approach and supporting strategies.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.181
Values and challenges in rapid prototyping of global health policies

Mariana Fonseca Braga, Shiau Yun Chong, Emmanuel Tsekleves, Michael James
Penkunas, Louise Mullagh, Harvy Joy Canlas Liwanag, Emma Louise Margaret, Nadiah
Tengku Adnan
ImaginationLancaster, Lancaster Institute for Contemporary Arts (LICA), Lancaster
University, United Kingdom; United Nations University International Institute for Global
Health (UNU-IIGH)
This paper identifies the value and challenges in introducing rapid prototyping of
policy to design non-expert and expert groups by analysing an online workshop series
that was conducted with early-career professionals, policy makers, and design
researchers. The COVID-19 pandemic evidenced, even more, the need for situated
policies in the area of health as global health policies were ineffective in addressing
livelihood diversity, particularly of underserved communities. Therefore, the untapped
potential of rapid prototyping for policy making in the area of global health is explored.
We particularly analyse the creativity of the different groups who joined the workshop
series and point out implications for the rapid prototype of situated global health
policies in international low-resourceful settings.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.641
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Participatory IoT Policies: A Case Study of Designing Governance
at a Local Level
Louise Mullagh, Naomi Jacobs, Nuri Kwon, Milan Markovic, Ben Wainwright, Kirsty
Chekansky
Lancaster University, United Kingdom; Abderdeen University, United Kingdom;
Lancaster City Council, United Kingdom
As IoT devices proliferate public spaces, it is vital that adequate governance
structures and policies are designed and implemented in order to enhance trust, and
protect privacy and security of citizens. At a local level, smaller towns and cities that
are not part of the ‘smart city’ movement, but instead are connected through IoT
devices, also need to consider how these devices are governed. This research explores
how two novel methods (design fiction and walkshops) can be combined and
embedded in the design of policy for IoT governance at a local level. The contribution
of the work lies in wider discussions of design methods in policy making and offers a
case study of how these methods can be used at a local level.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.510
A case of design-enabled public policy formulation process

Diana Pamela Villa Alvarez, Valentina Auricchio, Marzia Mortati
Governments are increasingly applying design practices to address public challenges.
While the study of these practices evidences their utility for designing public services,
the specific design activities and their value for policy formulation are rather unclear.
To shed light in this direction, this paper presents a case study on the collaboration of
LABgobar and SENASA in reforming the Bovine Tuberculosis regulations in Argentina.
By analysing the project’s documentation and interviewing project members, this
study illustrates design practices that complement traditional policy formulation
processes. These practices include methods for problem understanding and reframing,
idea generation, and collaborative policy prototyping. Interestingly, these adapt
elements coming from multiple disciplines. Despite the potential value of design in
policy formulation processes, real adoption remains tied to local -and often small
scale- experiments. This paper adds further studies for a more robust understanding
of design's contribution to addressing policy challenges.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.448
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Design capabilities for community resilience: towards dialogic
practices and policies
Mariana Fonseca Braga, Emmanuel Tsekleves
ImaginationLancaster, Lancaster Institute for Contemporary Arts (LICA), Lancaster
University, United Kingdom
This paper draws on a pilot study insight into Brazilian informal-settlement
communities’ problems, adaptative strategies and needs during the COVID-19
pandemic. Although communities play a noteworthy role in resilience, emergency and
recovery plans often lack sufficient community engagement. This contributes to
leaving particularly disadvantaged communities behind. Inequalities were further
exacerbated during the pandemic, urging the deployment of plural and sustainable
measures, which can promote equity in a global health crisis. Design can play a
meaningful role in tackling inequalities in emergency and recovery. However, this role
of design is still under-researched in resilience. We expand on related work analyses to
draw on key design capabilities for the development of dialogic practices and policies
aiming to contribute to designing effective participation of communities in decision-
making processes. These key design capabilities support the development of dialogic
design practices and policies by enhancing and supporting collaboration and
communication throughout policy co-design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.659
I-Lab: the co-design program for the construction of the new ERP
system of the Italian State
Giulia Peruzzi, Alessandro Di Matteo, Mariadora Varano, Marco Pardini, Gianluca
Carroccia
Ministry of Economy and Finance, Italy; Dos Media s.r.l.
This document presents the contribution of the I-Lab co-design and requirements
program to the implementation of the new Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system
of Italian public accounting (InIt). Chosen by the State General Accounting Office
Department (RGS) of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) to support the
construction of the new ERP, I-Lab has integrated and enhanced the vast range of
skills and needs of all the different Italian central administrations, placing them in a
series of multidisciplinary innovation teams aimed at the discovery of the main
requirements of users/stakeholders/beneficiaries in their relationship with the new
ERP solution. A multi-year project with a very wide and profoundly innovative scope for
all Italian public accounting.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.642
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46 Pasts, presents, and possible futures of
design literacies

Úrsula Bravo, Liv Merete Nielsen, Erik Bohemia, and Naz A G Z Börekçi
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1065
Weaving design as a practice of freedom: Critical pedagogy in an

insurgent network
Bibiana Oliveira Serpa, Frederick M. C. van Amstel, Marco Mazzarotto, Ricardo Artur
Carvalho, Rodrigo Freese Gonzatto, Sâmia Batista e Silva, Yasmin da Silva Menezes
ESDI/Rio de Janeiro State University; Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR);
Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR)
Design can be both a practice of freedom or a practice of oppression, depending on
who designs and whose intentions are prioritized. When this practice underestimates,
excludes, disrespects, or deceives people who are part of oppressed groups, it
intensifies oppression. Design as a practice of freedom takes more than a new design
method. It requires the union of the oppressed. This paper describes the weaving of
the Design & Oppression network, which responded to the growth of political
authoritarianism and naive consciousness in design. The network's goal is to establish
bonds of solidarity between all struggles against oppression that cut across design. Its
critical pedagogy draws from the Latin American tradition of critical thinking in
Education, Arts, and Sociology, promoting both professional training and concrete
social actions.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.707
Involving craft know-how and traditions in design education:

Cases of Switzerland, Turkey and India
Bettina Minder, Özlem Er, Shilpa Das
Lucerne University of Applied Arts and Sciences, Switzerland; Istanbul Bilgi University,
Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey; National Institute of Design, India
The design profession evolved during technologically transformative times of
industrialization. While the requirements of mass production have been the major
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paradigm shaping the nature of industrial design education in industrialised countries,
developing countries also embraced it despite their late and peculiar processes of
industrialisation. The idea was that the industrial sectors in these countries would also
need industrial designers who are able to design products for mass production. This, in
turn, caused the ignorance of crafts or at best the view to keep them as a source of
product ideas that would appeal to tourists or export markets looking for “authentic”
products. In this paper, we will explore the past and current ways of linking with crafts
in design education in three countries with different historical backgrounds and
industrialization experiences. We identify some of the notable differences and
overlaps in the integration of crafts in design schools in three different countries and
show reciprocal influences between crafts and design schools with a modernist
tradition.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.211
Dynamic learning: A learner-centered paradigm in Art + Design

Delane Ingalls Vanada
Catholic University of America, United States of America
There is a critical need for training students to think critically, creatively, and
practically. Traditional art and design education classrooms, more focused on end
products, do not foster students’ abilities for inquiry and connection making and are
missing opportunities to develop the capacities of tomorrow’s change makers and
problem solvers. From a systems-thinking approach, this article discusses the
importance of teacher pedagogy and process skills as important underlying drivers in
developing’ learning power. Fostering students’ integrated, self-directed, and dynamic
learning requires a more learner-centered paradigm. It reports on a mixed model
research study conducted in middle school art and design classrooms with findings
indicating that more learner-centered visual art classrooms increase students’
balanced thinking and self-perceptions as learners. An emerging theory and design
thinking model are presented, along with an action research project in university art
education class-rooms that provides new models for “designing thinking” in art and
design class-rooms.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.268
Democratic design literacy research

Ingvill Gjerdrum Maus
Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design,
Department of Art, Design and Drama
This paper presents ideas about education and democracy embedded in studies on
de-sign literacy for sustainability. The descriptions of one semi-structured group
interview study and one action research study provided in three research papers are
analysed in light of three different conceptions of education and democracy. The
analysis outlines how the research methods used in situations in which students (1)
engage in questions, introductions and tightly structured tasks developed from
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research-based knowledge; (2) interact with and share their thoughts and reflections
in groups; and (3) respond to open-ended questions contribute to research enabling
design education for democracy, design education through democracy and
democratic design education, respectively. These results are of relevance to the
development of both education and educational research concerning design literacy.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.592
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47 AI and the conditions of design: Towards a
new set of design ideals
Session chairs
Elisa Giaccardi, Johan Redström, Chris Speed
Editorial
Elisa Giaccardi, Chris Speed, Johan Redström, Somaya Ben Allouch, Irina Shklovski,
and Rachel Charlotte Smith
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1078
From explanations to shared understandings of AI

Iohanna Nicenboim, Elisa Giaccardi, Johan Redström
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; Umeå Institute of Design, Sweden
A key challenge in the design of AI systems is how to support people in understanding
them. We address this challenge by positioning explanations in everyday life, within
ongoing relations between people and artificial agents. By reorienting explainability
through more-than-human design, we call for a new approach that considers both
people and artificial agents as active participants in constructing understandings. To
articulate such an approach, we first review the assumptions underpinning the premise
of explaining AI. We then conceptualize a shift from explanations to shared
understandings, which we characterize as situated, dynamic, and performative. We
conclude by proposing two design strategies to support shared understandings, i.e.
looking across AI and exposing AI failures. We argue that these strategies can help
designers reveal the hidden complexity of AI (e.g., positionality and infrastructures),
and thus support people in understanding agents' capabilities and limitations in the
context of their own lives.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.773
166
Mutant in the mirror: queer becomings with AI
Grace Leonora Turtle
This paper contributes to scholarly discourse on design and AI by using queerness as
a theoretical grounding to explore potentialities for design to interface with and
imagine artificial intelligence (AI) differently. The paper does so by reporting on an
autotheoretical experiment in which I pose the questions: What if we understood AI as
queer, a kind of mutant, in a state of becoming; a dynamic, relational, non-binary
gender variant? How then might AI show up in and act on the world (with us humans)
differently? The experiment uses a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to unsettle
how AI is understood today, and to allow for new AI propositions to take root. The work
provides a glimpse into forms of design refusal that might illuminate designers to
cultural computability and self-determination when designing with AI systems.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.782
Towards a Living Lab for Responsible Applied AI

Maaike Harbers, Anja Overdiek
Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
AI ethics research has mainly focused on high-level principles and guidelines, and
technical issues. This position paper argues that more attention should go to the
practical and contextual aspects of designing AI applications and explores how living
labs can contribute to the ethical design, development and deployment of AI.
Literature on AI ethics is discussed, and the term ‘Responsible Applied AI’ (RAAI) is
introduced to refer to the ethical application of AI. Five requirements for the
development of RAAI in a living lab are distinguished. Subsequently, the paper brings
together literature from Open Innovation and Human Computer Interaction to examine
the suitability of different types of living labs for developing RAAI. It concludes that
Innovation Spaces (online and physical) combined with temporary and ethically
governed Instrumented Places and People could be a fruitful environment for a living
lab for RAAI. Implications and challenges for further research and practice are
discussed.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.422
The Future of Money as a Design Material

Chris Speed, Jonathan Rankin, Chris Elsden, John Vines
For many years the primary representation of value has been money. However
complex we perceive its material, social and symbolic characteristics, money is now
undergoing significant change as it becomes data. This paper explores the
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implications for design as a series of technological and regulatory shifts are taking
place that are changing the representation of money into data. The paper anticipates
that it won’t be long before personal bank accounts will be better understood to be
personal data stores, and monies held within them are connected to data-driven
systems to ‘pay’ for services that we require. By charting the changes that are taking
place, and introducing a series of design case studies that make tangible the design
opportunities, the paper suggests an emerging design space in which designers
should anticipate new forms of money as an entirely new design material.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.785
Metaphors for Designers working with AI

Dave Murray-Rust, Iohanna Nicenboim, Dan Lockton
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; Eindhoven University of Technology,
The Netherlands
In this paper, we explore the use of metaphors for people working with artificial
intelligence, in particular those that support designers in thinking about the creation of
AI systems. Metaphors both illuminate and hide, simplifying and connecting to existing
knowledge, centring particular ideas, marginalising others, and shaping fields of
practice. The practices of machine learning and artificial intelligence draw heavily on
metaphors, whether black boxes, or the idea of learning and training, but at the edges
of the field, as design engages with computational practices, it is not always apparent
which terms are used metaphorically, and which associations can be safely drawn on.
In this paper, we look at some of the ways metaphors are deployed around machine
learning and ask about where they might lead us astray. We then develop some
qualities of useful metaphors, and finally explore a small collection of helpful
metaphors and practices that illuminate different aspects of machine learning in a way
that can support design thinking.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.667
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48 Framing practices in design

Paul Hekkert and Beatrice Gobbo
Reframing Homelessness
Danielle Arets, Jessy De Cooker, Vera Boonman, Lia Van Doorn, Manon Van Hoeckel,
Marleen Van der Kolk
Fontys, Netherlands, The; Hogeschool Utrecht, The Netherlands; Stichting
Zwerfjongeren Nederland; Stichting Bouwdepot
The persistent negative framing surrounding homelessness in the Netherlands hinders
constructive policymaking and has a damaging effect on the self-esteem of the young
homeless (van Steenbergen, 2020). So far, no strategies have been developed to think
beyond this persistent framing. In the design research trajectories Bouwdepot
[building depot] & Beelddepot [image depot] journalism researchers, design
researchers, social researchers, policymakers, and formerly homeless young adults,
co-designed methods to develop new ways of representing homelessness. Utilizing
Frame Innovation (Dorst, 2015), we co-designed and reimagined solutions going
forward including the perspectives of policymakers, journalists, and people with lived
experiences in homelessness. We have reasons to believe the Beelddepot strategies
are a first step in reframing the perception of homelessness
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.662
Reframing The Narrative of Privacy through System-Thinking

Design
Laura Ferrarello, Andrea Cavallaro, Rute Fiadeiro, Riccardo Mazzon
Royal College of Art, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University London
We present a transdisciplinary approach to the problem of careless privacy be-haviour
manifested when people publish images online. Combining the discipllines of Design
and Computer Vision, we developed an interface and a narrative by modelling privacy
in a socio-technical context. Building on Gordon Pask’s Theory of Conversation, we
designed an experiential dialogue between people and algorithms, and we used this
dialogue as a platform to observe people as a system composed of the reactions to
the stimuli received from profiling algorithms. Through this platform we assessed any
changes in awareness and proactivity in mitigating the risk of algorithmic profiling.
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Integrating design abductive thinking with privacy protection technology enabled us to
reframe the analysis of human and technology relations through behavioural elements.
This defined a narrative offering participants a heuristic learning experience about the
importance of privacy, which was achieved by harnessing complexity as an
opportunity to develop change.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.620
Identifying Problem Frames in Design Conversation

Senthil Chandrasegaran, Peter Lloyd, Almila Akdag Salah
TU Delft, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Design thinking concepts such as framing, storytelling, and co-evolution, have been
widely identified as part of design activity though generally have been evidenced from
manual coding of design conversations and close reading of transcripts. The increase
in easy-to-use computational linguistic methodologies provides an opportunity not
only to validate these concepts, but compare them to other kinds of activity in large
datasets. However, the process of systematically identifying such concepts in design
conversation is not straightforward. In this paper we explore methods of linguistic
analysis for revealing problem frames within design process transcripts. We find that
frames can be identified through n-grams with high mutual information scores, used at
low frequencies, along with subsequent lexical entrainment. Furthermore, we show
how frames are organised in primary and secondary structures. Our results represent a
step forward in computationally determining frames in datasets featuring design, or
design-like activity.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.623
Musings on vocabulary choices when proposing design towards

profound systems change
Gwendolyn Kulick
German University in Cairo, Egypt; Wuppertal University, Germany
The search for an imaginative vocabulary that encourages mind and behaviour shifts is
not an easy task in processes of formulating design trajectories towards profound
systems change. At the same time many design concerns are embedded in larger
ecological, social, economical or political systemic crises and call for generating
systems change across multiple dimensions. A prolonged terminology search when
describing the theoretical and practical results of a PhD research into Pakistan’s craft
sector through the systems lens triggered the interest in penning this paper about the
entanglements of language and expanded design horizons and methods. While it can
only offer initial thoughts the topic might extend into a larger interest. So how enabling
or limiting are established terminologies in fields such as development aid, grassroots
empowerment, design and systems thinking? What impact does the use of a particular
vocabulary have on design attitudes and practices?
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.769
170
Activity theory as a framework for understanding framing
complexity of design projects
Virginie Tessier, Mithra Zahedi
University of Montreal, Canada
With the growing complexity of design projects, framing is expanding in scope. We
question how to describe and analyse the varied elements contributing to framing and
aim at better understanding the complexity of framing design projects through activity
awareness. Activity theory was mobilized as a Research through Design framework in
a team of students to find answers to the question. First, the team mapped and
reflected upon their project’s process over fifteen weeks. They then participated in the
analysis of the collected data highlighting the contextual tensions of their experience.
Their interpretation unveils the tensions emerging between the project’s central and
peripheral activity systems. They presented how the project framing is developed,
which activity systems are solicited, and to what extent they are considered. Finally, a
tentative approach to organising the framing phases according to central and
peripheral systems is presented to produce an orderly translation of a project’s
complexity.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.444
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49 Creating connections:
Social research of, for, and with design

Arlene Oak and Claire Nicholas
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1052
After practice: Messy relations in the ethnographic study of

design
Arlene Oak, Claire Nicholas
University of Alberta, Canada; University of Oklahoma, USA
The Thinking While Doing (TWD) project was an ambitious “research-creation” project
that involved the designing and building of several full scale, “real” structures by
architecture students and professors in “design-build” education. The grant also
included two ethnographers (as well as scholars from the humanities). Together the
participants in TWD were engaged in intersecting and distinct modes of research,
ranging from architecture practice to philosophical reflections. While there were
intentions for the insights of the ethnographers to ex-tend and inform knowledge of
practice, as the TWD structures were created, it became evident that undertaking
ethnography coincident with designing and building was more challenging than
anticipated. This paper outlines some of the experiences of ethnographers who
followed the activities of designing and building. This paper delves into two
interrelated difficulties of cross-disciplinary collaborative work: the logistical
organization and implementation of the research project and temporal disjunctions
between modes of knowledge production (e.g. design versus ethnography). By
exploring TWD as a collaboration between disparate forms of research, each with its
distinct rhythms, unpredictable engagements, and contexts of knowledge production,
we consider some of the challenges and possibilities of connecting ethnography with
the practices of architectural design.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.357
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Augmented: Design and ethnography in/of an architecture,
computer science, and textile research-creative collective
Claire Nicholas, James Forren, Derek Reilly
University of Oklahoma, United States of America; Dalhousie University, Canada
This paper introduces a multi-disciplinary research-creation project that examines the
embodied and social nature of textile design and making at different structural scales
– from beaded accessories to architectural components. Bringing together
anthropology, architecture, computer science, and textile craft, “Gesture and Form”
seeks to develop effective and ethical pedagogies for teaching design and handcraft
with new materials and technologies. Specifically, the project explores the
potentialities and limitations of a head-worn augmented reality (AR) system that
documents, encodes, and later guides making practices. The discussion first
introduces different disciplinary frameworks for understanding and researching
embodied knowledge, before sketching the multi-disciplinary research design, which
loosely distinguishes “design research” (and creation) from “design anthropology.” We
then dwell on the multiple challenges of the endeavor, from orchestrating and defining
the activities of “design” and “research,” to asymmetries of technical expertise its
communication, to the blurring of participant-observer positionalities.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.417
Studying Interaction Design Practices with Theory Instruments

Jacob Buur, Mette Gislev Kjærsgaard, Jessica Sorenson, Ayşe Özge Ağça
From previous research we learned that (1) interaction designers are experiencing new
challenges in response to increasing digitalization, and that (2) current methods and
conceptual frameworks seem insufficient for addressing these challenges. In this
paper, we explore how playing with theoretical concepts in tangible ways may allow
practitioners to gain new perspectives on cur-rent practices, challenges and
possibilities. We introduce a set of Design Anthropological Theory Instruments to bring
social theory into conversations with practitioners. Via the instruments, the
researchers' data collection process and the participants' reflection processes come
together in a collective sense-making experience. Our analysis of video recordings
from experimental sessions in 10 companies provides insights into interaction
designers’ practices and inspires further inquiry into the potential of theory
instruments for transforming design practice. Furthermore, we see potential for
development of theory instruments to open new avenues for practicing Design
Anthropology.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.472
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Weaving with design research to study children’s everyday
practices in cancer care environments
Piet Tutenel, Stefan Ramaekers, Ann Heylighen
KU Leuven, Department of Architecture, Research[x]Design, Belgium; KU Leuven,
Laboratory for Education and Society, Belgium
Children affected by cancer often require repeated hospitalisations. The impact of the
material hospital environment on children's well-being receives growing attention
across various disciplines. Yet, because of their ‘double vulnerability’ – being children
and being ill – young people affected by cancer are less considered as direct research
participants. We set out to put the experiences of these children at the centre of
attention. To do justice to the complexity of their interactions with the material
hospital environment, we brought together concepts and insights from childhood
studies; scholarship in anthropology and philosophy; theories on materiality; and
design research; and combined these with fieldwork in a children’s oncology ward and
day-care ward. By interweaving different lines of inquiry, we exemplify how fusing
theoretical and empirical work in a transdisciplinary way allows advancing both social
sciences and design research and invites to adopt a nuanced way a seeing.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.605
Constructing a critical anthropology of contemporary design

practices
Jocelyn Bailey
UAL Social Design Institute, United Kingdom
This paper articulates a critical approach to researching design as a contemporary
phenomenon that was developed through my doctoral research. The approach -
critical anthropology of design - is a combination of anthropology of design, critical
strategies borrowed from other fields, and a ‘Foucauldian’ theoretical toolkit, which
together allow us to see design as a complex disciplinary apparatus. I advocate for
such an approach – a switching of the disciplinary lens when studying design, and a
more sceptical engagement between social disciplines and design – as essential for
both robust critique and original insight. Such an approach is productive and
necessary specifically where one’s intent is investigating how power is operant in and
through design. The argument for criticality is followed by a discussion of the
practicalities both methodological and ethical of implementing such an approach.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.631
174
50 Speculative design and futuring

Dan Lockton, Benedetta Lusi, Iohanna Nicenboim
Making dinner in an uncomfortable future: Comparing

provocations as user insight elicitation methods
Karin Nilsson, Sara Renström, Helena Strömberg, Sofie Groth
Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; RISE, Research Institutes of Sweden
To aid the transition to a renewable energy future, user-centred designers need to
design for a future with limits perceived as uncomfortable to users. This paper
explores whether methods borrowed from critical and speculative design can elicit
actionable insights to aid such designers. A comparative analysis is performed of the
insights gained from two studies, using a provotype and speculative enactment
respectively to situate the participants in a speculative, uncomfortable, distant future.
The two methods do allow elicitation of rich and deep insights surrounding values,
latent needs, and tacit knowledge, but with slightly different emphasis regarding
content, temporal scope, and reflective depth. However, the implementation of the
methods failed to provoke the participants to question their prioritisations and views
on societal development, maybe related to an inability to provoke enough.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.647
Value-drive design approach to envision speculative futures

Yihyun Lim, Bumjin Kim
Iovine and Young Academy, University of Southern California; Comprehensive Design,
Indiana University Bloomington; D.Fluence
This paper presents a design approach that brings together speculative design, value-
sensitive design, and emotion-based ethnographic method to identify value-
experiences for the design of value-driven speculative futures.
The paper discusses the approach in five steps; 1) emotion-based design ethnography,
2) visual mapping and value-extraction, 3) secondary research of technology and
socio-cultural trends and filtering of technologies based on its interpreted value-
experiences, 4) design of value-driven future scenarios, 5) materializing scenarios as
175
discursive prototypes. We explore COVID19 pandemic as a context of research-
through-design inquiry in developing this approach.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.765
Thinking Outside the Bag: Worker-led Speculation and the Future

of Gig Economy Delivery Platforms
Ben Kirman, Oliver Bates, Carolynne Lord, Hayley Alter
University of York, United Kingdom; Lancaster University, United Kingdom
Gig economy is presented as disruptive, technologically driven, and forward thinking.
Design is explicit in this framing, through use of slick apps to reduce friction and
simplify experience for customer and worker. However, this framing is often driven by
the platforms, and does not fully recognize the actual experience of work. In this paper
we report on a collaborative design process on developing concepts for the future of
gig work from a worker-centric perspective. This explicitly does not involve the
platforms as stakeholders and uses design fiction as a tool for workers to ex-press
fears, joys, and the aspects of their work that are nuanced, reflective and surprising.
We reflect on the designs created through this process, the tensions, and
opportunities with working with gig working couriers, and issues around power and
representation when designing with and for this community.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.394
Towards a Heuristic Model for Experiential AI:

Analysing The Zizi Show in The New Real
Drew Hemment, Martin Zeilinger, Matjaz Vidmar, Jake Elwes, Holly Warner, David
Sarmiento, Robin Hill
University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Abertay University, United Kingdom; Artist
Based on the rapid pace of evolving creative practice in AI arts, we identify an urgent
need to develop frameworks for analysing the critical dimensions (including
social/political) of this emerging field. This paper offers a comprehensive case study of
The Zizi Show, by Jake Elwes, developed as part of The New Real and Experiential AI
programme at the Edinburgh Futures Institute within the University of Edinburgh.
Based on this case study analysis, we propose the structuring of distinct project
characteristics into four categories (socio-cultural and institutional aspects;
technology and media; artistic experience and affect; and audience and staging) which
form the basis for a heuristic model. The statements/descriptors collected in each
category serve to capture creative and design strategies that can lead design
processes from cultural and technological perspectives, enable projects’ cross-
examination and evaluation and surface blindspots in the creative process.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.808
176
51 Designing proximities

Rosie Hornbuckle and Alison Prendiville
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1058
Designing proximity with situated stakeholders

Davide Fassi, Francesco Vergani
Neighborhoods are becoming laboratories to test new ways to design the cities to
solve social, environmental and cultural issues affecting global cities. The car-centered
urban planning experienced in the 20th century has fostered researchers and
practitioners to explore more the theme of livability and proximity. To trigger the
blossoming of these models, a participatory process involving proactive networks of
situated stakeholders is needed. This paper shows how competences from the
academic realm can effectively boost civic awareness on the role that situated
stakeholders have in producing solutions for their own wellbeing. It highlights a
process enacted by the Polimi DESIS Lab with the community of Nolo (a neighborhood
in Milan, Italy) with participatory design methods and tools. The research lab led two
different activities to test a 3-phases strategy to explore the context and its feature,
co-design new spatial (and social) solutions, and validate the results obtained.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.695
Hybrid Economies in Hybrid Cities built on Manufacturing,

Networks, and Design
Carla Sedini
Department of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
The concept of networks will be analyzed through a Hybrid Economy model, looking at
new organizational forms and new multi-actor collaborations; Evolutionary Economic
Geography defines these as interested in both social and financial returns, and it
identifies institutions as particularly relevant in the success of these new enterprises.
Six main factors that define the hybridity of a business and an enterprise have been
identified: Offer; Goals and impacts; Founders composition; Team/Staff composition;
(Relationship with) customers. To test this approach, we decided to analyze qualitative
data collected during a research project which involved two sister cities: Milano and
177
Chicago. The paper will focus on the Milanese case study, which considered
manufacturing activities, including both 4.0 manufacturing and more traditional
craftmanship activities. We will define different forms of networks that can favor the
hybridity of businesses and the roles that design can play. The research project was
conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic spread worldwide; however, it is relevant to
notice how reflections on the future of our cities were already part of policies and
planning programs. The pandemic made evident the importance of local (and hyper-
local) networks and also accelerated intervention processes devoted to favoring the
creation of self-sustaining neighborhoods.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.818
Participatory tool for productive citizenship in a regional maker

network
Luca D'Elia, Lina Monaco, Viktor Malakuczi
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
The various types of fab-labs and makerspaces distributed in the urban context can
be recognised as an organism capable of optimizing resources, producing ideas and
artefacts in a participatory culture, that is also a tool for citizen engagement and self-
organisation. This contribution reports on a series of surveys aimed at identifying and
evaluating the network of urban manufacturers and users across the maker culture in
Italy’s Lazio region. These actors are inserted in a framework of public and private
initiatives, and they cover a social role within the urban fabric. Based on the regional
context of inquiry, the ongoing research proposes a new platform, which should
become a tool for coordinating digital manufacturing resources, thus improving their
potential of acting as a diffused supply chain of services and products, stimulating
social innovation, shared economies, and good practices of resilience.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.722
Out of isolation: Designing reusable PPE gowns based on an

understanding of healthcare workers’ lived experiences
Katherine Townsend, Sonja Sterman, Eloise Salter, Karen Harrigan
Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom; University of Maribor, Slovenia
The paper reports on an AHRC-funded project aimed at mitigating the personal and
environmental impact of PPE isolation gowns, as worn by healthcare workers treating
patients with COVID-19. The enquiry was devised in collaboration with NHS and
industry partners and is informed by empirical investigations into procured gowns and
the lived experiences the health professionals’ wearing them. The development of an
industry standard ‘reusable gown system’ requires negotiating various proximities:
between safety and disease trans-mission; sustainability and medical waste; the needs
of end users, regulation and cost; public and private stakeholders. The article
contextualises the research problem and methodology, incorporating survey, co-
design and material methods employed to gain a better understanding of the issues
178
associated with cur-rent gown design, fabrication and use. The study raises questions
around how critical clothing items are produced, procured and disposed of, and the
need for circular design and supply chain models.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.732
Technologies and collaborative services proximity in the smart

cities. Distributed ledger as a push for new relationships
Stefania Palmieri, Mario Bisson, Alessandro Ianniello, Riccardo Palomba, Luca Botta
Design Department, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
The expected demographic densification presents specific critical points where
opportunities for improving citizens' lives can be identified. For this reason, projects
are underway to analyze and explore the dynamics of cities to adapt to new con-texts.
Several European cities, including Milan, Paris, and Barcelona, are already
implementing changes to encourage new types of neighborhood organizations which
revolve around the concept of proximity, and primary services close to home. In this
context, it seems fundamental to seek connectivity, encouraging new forms of
relationships between citizens. The use of new digital tools, such as blockchain, favors
new types of autonomous organizations that can manage activities on a neighborhood
scale. Design should propose suitable and innovative models of ap-plication and act as
a facilitator for their implementation. Through design, it is also possible to identify
guidelines for the relationships in a neighborhood and to define activities and
experiences with which citizens can relate.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.196
Project proximities: A meta review of how design addresses

distance in complex collaborations
Rosie Hornbuckle
Complex collaborations involving multiple disciplines and stakeholders are seen as
necessary in the pursuit of transformative innovation. Yet these ‘systemic’ science &
technology-led projects pose a challenge for knowledge exchange, co-creation and
co-operation. Design research teams brought in, often to work on tangible outcomes,
are faced with chasms between the understanding of diverse actors. From this
problematization of distances in complex collaboration, a new design research practice
has emerged: 'translational design practice' (Page & John 2019). This paper builds on
this concept through a ‘meta’ level review of the design research approaches in three
European publicly-funded consortium projects to address observed distances by
building proximity for i) partners, ii) external stakeholders and iii) wider audiences.
Translational design practice is repositioned as an expanded, transferrable practice
which can address the challenges of complex collaborations and therefore support
transformative innovation, and perhaps beyond a technology-first approach.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.677
179
52 Food + design: Transformations via
transversal and transdisciplinary approaches

Silvana Juri, Sonia Massari, Pedro Reissig
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.1060
Development of Eco-friendly Bubble Tea Take-away Cups

Shun-Yuan Cheng, Meng-Dar Shieh
National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
The plastic straws negative impact on marine life has led to increasingly strict
legislation. In-deed, plastic straws will be banned by 2030 in Taiwan, where three
billion non-biodegradable plastic straws are consumed every year. We propose an
innovative design for an eco-friendly take-away cup with a focus on the functionality
required for bubble tea. The design process was based on scenario analysis using the
black box approach and direct observation of the suppliers, retailers, and consumers
of bubble tea. The proposed design comprises a removable lid and four different types
of filters. Using morphological charts, we made mock-ups of the proposed design and
tested them empirically and using fluid dynamics simulation. The final design performs
well without a need for a straw and further solves the problem of tapioca pearls
getting stuck in the bottom of the cup beneath the ice cubes, as is the case with
conventional disposable cups.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.409
Diving in. What will it take for consumers to transition to a circular

economy ready-to-cook fish product? Insights from the UK
Hayley Alter, Emmanuel Tsekleves, Serena Pollastri
To balance production needs with the need to sustain or regenerate the health of
ocean ecosystems, stakeholders in the European fish and seafood sector are calling
for transition to a circular economy. New industry methods will produce fish-based
foods that consumers are not accustomed to eating so we ask, what will it take for
consumers to adopt these industrial circular economy foods? Taking the Seafood Age
consortium product prototype as a basis, we have created a design method for would-
180
be consumers to reflect on their fish consumption practices and possible adoption of
the fish product prototype prompted by a de-sign speculation. This paper reports on
insights emerging from the research and recommendations for product adoption
amongst consumers in the UK. Our findings have implications for food designers,
design researchers and fish and sea-food, plus more broadly food industry
stakeholders concerned with circular economy product and method adoption in
industry.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.744
A product-service system design approach for the frame

innovation of Food and Beverage on board of civil aviation aircraft
Paola Maria Trapani, Jiao Mo, Ke Ma
College of Design and Innovation, Tongji University, China; AHO, Arkitektur - og
designhøgskolen i Oslo, Norway; School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
A multidisciplinary research team from the College of Design and Innovation, Tongji
University in Shanghai, in collaboration with Boeing, developed research on the future
of in-flight Food & Beverage (F&B). The goal was to outline four possible scenarios,
illustrating distinct product-service systems and highlighting how Boeing could help
airlines create value for passengers. The research addresses three questions: How to
guarantee F&B health and safety while reducing disposable packaging and food
waste? How to optimize the aisle use during service without making the cabin crew's
work more cumbersome? How to meet passengers' demands while staying on a
budget? Dorst's (2015) frame innovation methodology guides the whole exploration.
The Product-Service System Design approach ensures multidisciplinary coordination
of product design, AI & algorithms, Business, Data Visualization, and Open Design. The
result is a radical product-service system innovation that can inspire Boeing's
management in exploring new long-term directions.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.751
User research to design a more-than-human food commons

Justin Sacks
The way humans approach food systems not only affects our survival but also creates
or destroys futures for humans and nonhuman species alike. Rooted in a rights-based
approach, food as a commons offers an important and robust economic alternative to
food as a commodity. The commons literature also struggles with anthropocentrism,
however, particularly the recognized analytical frameworks used by scholars that
classify nonhuman nature as inputs. How can user research tools support communities
to create a more-than-human food commons that treats nonhuman nature as equal
actants? This paper responds to this question by adapting two user research tools to
support a community to create the building blocks of a food commons with nonhuman
181
nature as equal actants. These user research tools are tested in a workshop with
commons scholars to assess how well they support more-than-human thinking against
recognized commons analytical frameworks.
https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.219
182

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Proceedings of DRS 2022 International Conference

Published by the Design Research Society

Design Research Society

DRS Special Interest Groups

DRS International Biennial Conference Series

PhD Event Committee

Local Organisation Coordination

Conference Advisory Committee

Theme Track Chairs and Editorial Authors

Carlos Aceves-González, Universidad de Guadalajara

1 Designing with bodily materials 5

2 Ethics as creativity in design 7

3 Wellbeing, happiness, and health (SIGWELL) 9

5 Graphics and spirituality 18

7 Schön's design inquiry: Pragmatist epistemology of practice 23

8 Design methods for sensing and experience 26

9 Sound and design 28

10 Design methods and transdisciplinary practices 33

12 Embodying experiential knowledge (Experiential SIG) 43

14 Linking human and planetary health (Global Health SIG) 49

15 Rethinking design for a complex world 52

16 What Legal Design could be: Towards an expanded practice of inquiry, 60

18 Doing and undoing post-anthropocentric design 67

19 Design innovation and strategy 70

20 Curation, museums, and exhibition design 73

21 Design process / design theory 76

22 Design strategies for resilient organisations 78

24 Heritage and memorialisation 84

25 Meta-design in the complexity of global challenges 86

27 Retail and brand design: Service futures, innovation, and intelligence 93

28 Futures of design education (Pluriversal Design SIG and Education 96

29 Inclusive design practice and healthy ageing (Inclusive SIG) 103

30 Understanding play: Designing for emergence 109

31 Valuing the qualitative in design and data 114

32 Exploring online collaboration 120

34 Design dematerialisation: Opportunities through reduction 126

35 Designing neighbourhoods: From the domestic to the community 129

36 Studio matters in design education (Education SIG) 132

37 Bias in design 135

38 User-centred design 137

39 Designing new financial transactions: Theories, case studies, methods, 139

40 Designing public organisations 142

41 Design education 145

42 Practice research in social design as a form of inquiry 147

43 Designing dialogue: Human-AI collaboration in design processes 151

44 Perspectives on climate change 154

45 Design for policy and governance (PoGo SIG) 157

46 Pasts, presents, and possible futures of design literacies 163

48 Framing practices in design 169

50 Speculative design and futuring 175

51 Designing proximities 177