PM Prompt Engineering Book

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Table of Contents
The CREATE Formula 16 Examples 31
The RTF versus CREATE Formulas 17 Flipped Interaction 31
INTRODUCTION 5
Persona Pattern 32
Examples 18
Welcome 6
Iterative Prompt Refinement 33
Prompts using RTF 18
Workbook Overview 6
Prompt using CREATE 19 Tools 34
Course Companion 6
RTF versus CREATE 20 Checklist: How to Improve AI 34
Sharing 6 Responses
Tools 21
Determining Whether GenAI 7 Discussion Question 35

More Prompt Formulas 21
Is the Right Solution
Checklist: Effective Prompt 23
Ethical, Secure, and Compliant Use of 10
Components
LLMs
Checklist: Ethics and Compliance 24
3
Discussion Question 26 CHAINING PROMPTS 36
1 Summary 37
How to Prompt Chain 37

DESIGNING PROMPTS
2
11
Sustaining the Iterative Process 37
Summary 12
REFINING PROMPTS 27
Examples 38
What is Prompt Engineering? 12
Summary 28 Complex Task Breakdown 38

Components of an Effective Prompt 13
Undesirable Responses 28 Brainstorming Assistance 40

The RTF Formula 14
Advanced Prompting Patterns 28 Agile Feedback Loops 45
Table of Contents (continued)
Tools 47
Documentation Spreadsheet 47
CONCLUSION 60
Podcast 50
Applying Prompt Engineering in Daily 61
Discussion Question 51
Project Management
Prompt Ideas 62
Tool Library 64
4 Additional Resources 66
PROMPTING ACUMEN 52
Summary 53
The Art of Prompt Engineering 53
The Science of Prompt Engineering 54
Examples 55
Improving Communication 55
Assistance With Change Request 56
Tools 57
Checklist: Art and Science 57
Prompt Engineering Exchange 59
INTRODUCTION
© 2024 Project Management Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. This material is being provided as part of a PMI© course. 2024 5
Welcome
Workbook Overview Course Companion Sharing

This workbook mirrors the PMI x AI “Talking to Designed to enhance your learning experience, Feel free to share this workbook with colleagues
AI: Prompt Engineering for Project Managers” this workbook serves as a vital companion and is or on social media with anyone who might
course’s structure. Starting with the basics and referenced throughout the modules. It simplifies benefit from it. Download the templates to use
progressing to more advanced approaches, complex course information into clear summaries within your team or organization, facilitating
it offers detailed summaries of each module, and equips project managers with practical collaboration and streamlining prompt
practical examples, and relevant use cases. tools for prompt engineering. In the pages that engineering processes. Sharing this resource
Additionally, it provides an array of tools including follow, you’ll find prompts that you can test, use, empowers others to enhance their skills and
checklists, spreadsheets, and discussion questions and adapt in addition to various checklists and knowledge in AI prompt engineering.
to deepen your understanding and facilitate templates designed for practical use. Use this
hands-on learning. workbook to reinforce your knowledge, apply
what you’ve learned, and enhance your skills in AI
prompt engineering.
Determining Whether GenAI
is the Right Solution
Checklist
Explore whether GenAI is the right solution for your project management
needs with this comprehensive checklist, designed to guide you through
key considerations and decision-making factors.
1 Identify repetitive and time-consuming tasks or tasks that

can use the help of a knowledgeable assistant
2 Determine if the task can be performed, improved, or

automated using generative AI
3 Evaluate the complexity of the problem
4 Consider if the problem requires creative solutions or ideas
5 Assess the potential benefits of using generative AI
6 Identify the limitations and risks associated with using

generative AI
7 Make an informed decision based on the above factors
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4
Identify repetitive and Determine if the task can
Consider if the problem
time-consuming tasks or be performed, improved, or Evaluate the complexity
requires creative solutions
tasks that can use the help automated using generative of the problem
or ideas
of a knowledgeable assistant AI
• Look for tasks that you perform • Assess if the task follows a • Determine if the problem • Identify if the problem can
frequently and take up a consistent structure or format involves analyzing large amounts benefit from brainstorming
significant amount of your time of data or requires considering sessions, novel ideas, or
• Will the task make use of the
multiple variables and scenarios guidance rooted in expertise
• Examples: Creating project data the AI system has been
and knowledge from external
status reports, updating trained on from other sources, • Assess if the problem can be
sources
project schedules, or or do you need it to only broken down into smaller, more
generating meeting minutes interact with your own data? manageable subproblems or • Determine if the problem
subtasks requires thinking outside the
• Alternatively, look for tasks • Check if the necessary data
box or exploring unconventional
where you can use the help and information are available in • Example: Analyzing project
approaches
of a knowledgeable assistant digital format, and ensure the risks and their impact on
to provide guidance or advice information contains no personal the project timeline and • Example: Generative AI can
when you don’t have sufficient identifiable information (PII) or budget can be complex, help brainstorm ideas for
expertise or knowledge. other content you don’t want on but generative AI can help team-building activities or
a public large language model process the data and suggest innovative ways
(LLM) provide insights to communicate project
updates to stakeholders
• Example: If project status
reports follow a template
and the data is available in
a project management tool,
generative AI can automate
the report creation process
Step 5 Step 6 Step 7
Assess the potential Identify the limitations
Make an informed decision
benefits of using and risks associated with
based on the above factors
generative AI using generative AI
• Evaluate if using generative • Consider the potential risks • Weigh the potential benefits
AI can save time, increase related to data privacy, security, against limitations and risks
productivity, or improve the and algorithmic biases
• Determine if using generative
quality of your output
• Determine the level of accuracy AI aligns with your project goals
• Consider if generative AI can required and how you’ll verify and priorities
provide valuable insights, the quality of outputs
• Example: If the benefits of
support decision-making, or
• Assess if the generated output automating project status
enhance problem-solving
requires human oversight or reports outweigh the effort
capabilities
validation required to set up and
• Example: Using generative maintain the generative
• Example: When using
AI to analyze project AI system, proceed with
generative AI to analyze
performance data can implementation
sensitive financial data,
provide insights that help
ensure that appropriate
optimize resource allocation
security measures are in
and improve project
place and that a human
outcomes
expert reviews the output
Ethical, Secure, and Compliant Use of LLMs
While AI offers immense potential for enhancing project management, it’s essential to
prioritize ethical, secure, and compliant use of AI tools.
Maintaining ethical standards and data security involves several crucial

considerations:
• validation checks
• data augmentation
• confidentiality
• adherence to ethical guidelines
By implementing these strategies, project managers can mitigate risks associated

with AI usage and ensure that AI-powered tools contribute positively to project
outcomes while upholding ethical standards.
Be sure to reference our checklist on page 24 for a comprehensive guide to

implementing these considerations effectively.
DESIGNING
1
PROMPTS
Summary
What is Prompt Engineering?
In today’s rapidly evolving world of artificial intelligence and natural language

processing, project managers are increasingly turning to generative AI systems
powered by large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, Infinity, Gemini, and Claude
to streamline workflows and enhance project outcomes. These models have the
potential to revolutionize project management tasks, from generating documentation
to analyzing data and providing insights. However, to fully harness the power of these
models, project managers must master the art of prompt engineering.
Prompts are your input into generative AI systems to obtain specific results. Prompt
engineering is a vital skill that involves the meticulous crafting, testing, and refining of
prompts to guide generative AI models toward accurate, relevant, and useful outputs.
This process is essential for optimizing workflows, boosting productivity, and driving
project success. Effective prompt engineering requires several key strategies: crafting
specific and structured prompts, providing relevant context, setting the appropriate
tone, including examples, experimenting and refining prompts, understanding the
audience, using clear language, incorporating structure, and adding reliability checks.
What is Prompt Engineering? (continued)
A fundamental aspect of prompt engineering is its iterative nature. Project managers

continuously refine their prompts based on feedback and observations of the LLM’s
behavior, striving to achieve repeatable, specific outcomes. This iterative approach
mirrors the agile approaches often employed in project management, emphasizing
adaptability and continuous improvement.
Prompt engineering empowers project managers to tailor LLM-generated responses

to complement existing project workflows. Whether it’s generating initial drafts
of project documents, conducting analyses, or facilitating communication with
stakeholders, well-crafted prompts can significantly enhance the efficiency and
effectiveness of AI-powered tools.
It’s important to recognize that while generative AI can be a powerful ally in project
management, it isn’t without its limitations. Project professionals play a crucial role in
overseeing AI-generated outputs, ensuring they align with project requirements and
objectives. While AI can automate certain tasks, it shouldn’t replace human oversight
entirely, especially in areas where accuracy and completeness are paramount.
Components of an Effective Prompt
Effective prompts serve as the blueprint for AI-generated responses, guiding the
model toward producing relevant and actionable outputs.
Effective prompts rely on several integral components:

• specificity
• context
• tone
• examples
• experimentation and refinement
• clarity
• audience awareness
By incorporating these components into their prompts, project managers can

maximize the utility of AI tools and streamline project workflows effectively.
Additionally, maintaining clarity and structure in prompts facilitates comprehension by
both AI models and human stakeholders, further enhancing their effectiveness. Don’t
forget to consult our checklist on page 23 for a comprehensive guide to crafting
effective prompts.
The RTF Formula
Prompt formulas provide a structured approach to prompt engineering, offering project managers a framework
for crafting effective prompts. There are many formulas, each with various advantages. Check out our table of
various formulas, their advantages, and components on page 20.
One such formula is the role, task, and format (RTF) formula, which simplifies the prompt into three key elements:
Role
R
Clearly define the role of
the AI or the prompter, The prompt:
establishing context for
the task You are an experienced project manager that specializes in facility
renovations and construction management.
Your task is to identify potential risks in this renovation project to

transform a designated wing into a functional outpatient clinic, considering
Task construction delays, budget overruns, patient safety, and uninterrupted
T Precisely state the task hospital operations.

that the AI needs to
accomplish Create a risk register with the project’s potential risks in table format.
Format
F
Specify the desired
format or structure of the
AI-generated response
The CREATE Formula
The CREATE formula expands upon the RTF formula, providing a more comprehensive
framework for prompt engineering. It consists of six key components:
Character The prompt:

C Define the persona or role that the AI
should embody
You are a detail-oriented experienced project manager that specializes in facility
renovations and construction management. You take pride in your work.
Request Identify potential risks in the renovation project to transform a designated wing into
R Articulate the task or tasks that the AI a functional outpatient clinic.
needs to perform
I’ve uploaded tables, other projects’ completed risk register templates that identify
risks related to construction delays, budget overruns, patient safety, hospital
Examples operations during construction, and other potential risks.
E Provide relevant examples or context to
guide the understanding of the task
Ensure compliance with healthcare regulations and safety standards. Consider
the impact on existing hosptital operations and patient care.
Adjustments & Constraints

A Specify any additional requirements or
Format the risk register as a table.
constraints for the AI’s response

Comprehensiveness: Ensure all relevant risks are identified, including
construction delays, budget overruns, patient safety, hospital operations during
Types of output construction, and other potential risks. Check if compliance with healthcare
T Describe the desired format or structure of regulations and safety standards is adequately considered.
Accuracy: Verify the risks are accurately categorized and described. Ensure that
the output
risk mitigation strategies are realistic and actionable.
Evaluation & Steps By incorporating each element of the CREATE formula into prompts,
E Provide relevant examples or context to

project managers can ensure that AI-generated responses are
tailored to their specific needs and objectives. This holistic approach
guide the understanding of the task
fosters clarity, precision, and alignment with project goals, ultimately
enhancing project outcomes.
RTF versus CREATE Using the RTF formula
Comparing the RTF and CREATE formulas

highlights the strengths and applications of
each approach in prompt engineering.
While the RTF formula offers simplicity and

efficiency for straightforward tasks, the
CREATE formula provides a more robust
framework for managing complex scenarios.
Project managers may choose the appropriate

formula based on the nature and complexity
of the task at hand, ensuring that prompts
effectively guide AI models toward generating
relevant and accurate responses.
Experimenting with different prompting

approaches and personas enriches the
Using the CREATE formula
interaction with AI, enabling project managers
to explore diverse paths and refine their
prompts iteratively. By leveraging the strengths
of both the RTF and CREATE formulas, project
managers can harness the full potential of AI to
drive project success.
Examples
1 Prompts using RTF
Role: Role: Role:

R You’re an experienced project R You are a seasoned project
R You are a skilled resource
manager. coordinator. manager.
Task: Task: Task:

T Provide a concise status
T Develop a communication
T Create a resource allocation
update on the current progress plan for the DEF project, plan for the GHI project,
of the XYZ project, including outlining the communication specifying team members,
key milestones achieved, goals, target audience, key their roles, assigned tasks,
current tasks in progress, messages, communication and allocation percentage.
any blockers, and upcoming methods, and frequency of Include any potential resource
deadlines. updates. constraints and plans to
address them.
Format: Format: Format:

F Deliver the update in bullet
F Present the plan in a structured
F Deliver the plan in a table
points with each point starting format with headings for format with columns for Team
with the relevant aspect Communication Goals, Target Member, Role, Assigned
(Milestones, In Progress, Audience, Key Messages, Tasks, Allocation Percentage,
Blockers, Deadlines). Communication Methods, and Potential Constraints, and
Frequency of Updates. Mitigation Plan.
2 Prompt using CREATE
Character:
C You’re a healthcare project manager with experience in facility renovations and construction
management.
Request:
R Identify potential risks in the renovation project to transform a designated wing into a
functional outpatient clinic.
Examples:
E •
•
Identify risks related to construction delays
Identify risks associated with budget overruns
• Identify risks impacting patient safety and hospital operations during construction
• Identify any other potential major risks
• Review the attached documentation from a past project and use the same format
Adjustments and constraints:

A Ensure compliance with healthcare regulations and safety standards. Consider the impact
on existing hospital operations and patient care.
Types of output:
T Risk assessment report, risk mitigation plans, and a risk register
Evaluation and steps:

E • Timeliness: Ensure the risk assessment is completed at the project planning stage
• Quality: Ensure all significant risks are identified and evaluated for impact and
probability
• Stakeholder satisfaction: Confirm the risk mitigation plans are acceptable to hospital
administration and staff
3 RTF versus CREATE
Role: Character:
R You’re a seasoned project C You’re a seasoned project manager with experience in software development.
manager with experience in
software development.
Request:
Task: R Generate a comprehensive project timeline for an upcoming software development project,
T
including key phases, deliverables, and deadlines.
Generate a project timeline
for an upcoming software Examples:
development project.
E The project involves three main phases: planning, development, and testing. Key
milestones include project kickoff, completion of wireframes, alpha release, and final
product delivery.
Format:
F Deliver the timeline in Adjustments and constraints:
chronological order with key A Ensure that the timeline accounts for a two-week buffer for unexpected delays.
milestones marked.
Types of output:
T Provide the timeline in Gantt-chart format, clearly indicating the duration of each phase and
milestone.
Evaluation and steps:

E Evaluate the timeline based on its alignment with project objectives, feasibility, and potential
risks. Break down the task into steps such as gathering project requirements, drafting the
timeline, and reviewing for accuracy.
Tools
More Prompt Formulas
Prompt Formula Advantages Formula Components
RTF Facilitates clear assignment Role: Specify the role of the project manager or AI clearly.
of project roles and tasks,
Task: Detail the specific task or objective that needs to be accomplished.
enhancing team clarity
Format: Specify the desired format or presentation style for the output.
CREATE Guides comprehensive Character: Clearly define the role of the project manager or AI in the prompt.
prompt creation, ensuring
Request: Specify the task or objective that needs to be fulfilled by the AI.
all essential aspects are
Examples: Provide relevant examples or references to guide the AI in completing the task.
addressed
Adjustments and constraints: Outline any adjustments or additional requirements considering
constraints.
Types of output: Specify the format or type of output expected from the AI.
Evaluation and steps: Define criteria for success and break down the task into actionable steps
for the AI.
SMART Ensures project objectives Specific: Clearly state the specific objective or goal for the AI to achieve.
are specific and
Measurable: Define how the AI’s progress or output will be measured.
measurable, guiding project
success Achievable: Ensure the task assigned to the AI is realistic and feasible.
Relevant: Align the AI’s task with the project’s overall goals and objectives.
Time-bound: Set a deadline or timeline for the AI to complete the task.
More Prompt Formulas (continued)
Prompt Formula Advantages Formula Components
STAR Structures behavioral Situation: Describe the context or scenario the AI should consider.
interview questions, aiding
Task: Specify the task or role the AI needs to fulfill within the given situation.
in candidate evaluation
Action: Detail the specific actions the AI should take.
Result: Describe the expected outcomes or results of the AI’s actions.
ABCD Analyzes project-related Antecedent: Describe the event or circumstance preceding the prompt for the AI’s understanding.
behaviors and decisions,
Behavior: Specify the actions or behavior the AI should exhibit in response.
aiding in problem-solving
Consequences: Explain the potential consequences or outcomes of the AI’s behavior.
Decision: Describe the decision-making process the AI should follow.
PEAR Facilitates structured Problem: Identify the problem or challenge the AI needs to address.
reflection, aiding in Experience: Describe relevant experiences or knowledge the AI can draw upon to tackle the
project evaluation and problem.
improvement Action: Specify the actions the AI should take to resolve the problem.
Result: Describe the expected outcomes or results of the AI’s actions.
SCARF Addresses team dynamics Status: Provide an assessment of relevant factors such as team dynamics or project status.
and motivation, fostering
Challenges: Identify challenges or obstacles the AI may encounter.
better collaboration
Actions: Specify actions or strategies for the AI to overcome challenges or improve the situation.
Results: Anticipate the expected results or outcomes of the AI’s actions.
Feelings: Consider the emotional impact or response relevant to the task assigned to the AI.
Checklist: Effective Prompt Characteristics
This checklist outlines key characteristics essential for crafting effective prompts, ensuring clarity,
relevance, and reliability in AI responses.
Specificity Experimentation and Refinement

Is the prompt specific and clear in its instructions? Have you experimented with different prompts and
refined them based on the AI’s responses and evolving
goals?
Context
Does the prompt provide enough relevant
information for the AI to understand the task at Audience Tailoring
hand without overwhelming it with unnecessary Is the prompt tailored to the audience’s understanding
details? and needs, including your own understanding if you’re
the audience?
Role
Does the prompt provide a role or character that Clarity
will help the AI system identify the most relevant Is the prompt free from jargon, acronyms, and
data from its training to apply to your task? ambiguous language to prevent misunderstandings?
Tone Structure
Is the tone of the prompt appropriate for the Is the tone of the prompt appropriate for the desired
desired output, whether it’s professional, casual, output, whether it’s professional, casual, friendly, and
friendly, and so on? so on?
Examples Reliability Check

Are examples included to help the AI better Have you incorporated a reliability check by asking
understand the prompt and align its responses for references or sources to ensure the generated
with expectations? content meets accuracy and reliability standards?
Checklist: Ethics and Compliance
Use this checklist as a guideline for maintaining ethical, secure, and compliant practices while
optimizing the accuracy and quality of outputs.
Validation check
Ensure prompts include a validation check to mitigate “LLM hallucination,” where the LLM generates
factually incorrect information. Request citations and spot-checking against known facts.
Augment data
Augment LLM data with reliable sources to address noncurrent or incomplete training data, ensuring
comprehensive and accurate outputs.
Confidentiality
Handle confidential, secure, and protected data with care, avoiding sharing such information with LLMs,
especially those hosted by external companies or vendors.
Ethical use
Adhere to ethical guidelines when using LLMs, avoiding the temptation to push boundaries that may
violate trustworthy or ethical AI standards.
Validation strategies
• Establish a verification system to compare outputs with trustworthy sources or have field experts
assess them.
• Deploy automated systems to match responses with authoritative databases.
• Conduct controlled experiments using synthetic or anonymized data to evaluate LLM performance
across various scenarios.
• Promote regular feedback among teams to maintain and enhance output accuracy and quality.
Checklist: Ethics and Compliance (continued)
Compliance check
Ensure that LLM usage complies with relevant laws, regulations, and organizational policies
regarding data privacy, security, and ethical AI.
Security measures
Implement robust security measures to safeguard LLM usage, including encryption of sensitive
data, access controls, and regular security audits.
Transparency
Foster transparency in LLM usage by documenting processes, algorithms, and decision-making
criteria to ensure accountability and trustworthiness.
Bias mitigation
Implement measures to mitigate biases in LLM outputs, such as diverse training data, bias
detection algorithms, and regular bias assessments.
Continuous monitoring
Establish mechanisms for continuous monitoring and evaluation of LLM performance, ethics, and
security, adapting practices as needed to address emerging challenges or issues.
Discussion Question
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prompt engineering diminishes the value
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REFINING
2
PROMPTS
Summary
Undesirable Responses
When interacting with LLMs, encountering undesirable responses is common.
These may stem from vague or unstructured prompts, outdated model knowledge,
reliance on AI assumptions, conflicting requests, or prompt overloading. To improve
responses, provide specific and structured prompts, ensure relevant model
knowledge, avoid assumptions, resolve conflicts, and avoid overloading prompts.
Refining prompts iteratively and implementing a refusal breaker pattern, which
asks the LLM to explain or reword a prompt when it refuses to produce an answer,
can also enhance AI interactions. Use our table on page 33 to see a list of common
prompt pitfalls and suggestions on how to fix them.
Advanced Prompting Patterns

Prompting patterns are techniques that can be mixed and matched to fine-tune
prompts, similar to ingredients in a recipe. Some common examples include chain-
of-thought, tree-of-thought, and flipped interaction. Experimenting with these
patterns can help adapt and optimize inputs based on how the AI responds. For
more patterns with their suggested uses and examples, refer to our advanced
prompt pattern table.
Advanced Prompting Patterns
Pattern When to Use Practical Application Examples
Ideal for tackling complex problems by breaking Break down a project management plan into
Chain-of-thought (CoT)
them down into manageable subtasks, clarifying phases: initiation, planning, execution, monitoring,
the thought process for both the AI and project and closure.
stakeholders.
Chain of feedback Useful in project management for continuous In a software development project, evaluate each
alignment with project objectives, integrating iteration’s performance based on feedback from
iterative feedback within each step. stakeholders and adjust the development plan
accordingly.
Tree-of-thought Suitable for exploring multiple pathways of When developing a Project Risk Management
thought or solutions simultaneously, facilitating plan, consider various risk-response strategies
thorough exploration of complex scenarios, concurrently for comprehensive risk mitigation.
similar to creating a decision tree.
Persona Valuable for steering the AI’s responses to fit a Customize project status reports for different
(example below) particular style or expertise, generating solutions stakeholder groups such as executives, team
or ideas that align with specific project needs or members, and clients to ensure relevance and
stakeholder expectations. effectiveness.
Flipped interaction (example Effective for gathering detailed project In project kickoff meetings, prompt stakeholders
below) requirements and specifications from to provide specific project requirements and
stakeholders and ensuring project alignment, expectations to guide project planning and
especially when the steps aren’t fully understood. execution.
Question refinement Helpful for refining project-related inquiries to Refine project risk assessment questions to ensure
elicit more accurate and useful responses from comprehensive coverage of potential risks and
the AI. improve risk management effectiveness.
Advanced Prompting Patterns (continued)
Pattern When to Use Practical Application Examples
Self-consistency Utilized to ensure consistency in project-related Validate project scheduling assumptions

logic and outputs across different project by asking the AI to confirm task durations
stages or instances. and dependencies, ensuring project timeline
consistency.
ReAct Engage AI in exploring hypothetical project Simulate different project delivery scenarios (e.g.,
scenarios to anticipate and prepare for early delivery, delayed delivery) and seek AI insights
potential project challenges. on potential risks and mitigation strategies for
each scenario.
Scenario exploration Engage AI in exploring hypothetical project Simulate different project delivery scenarios (e.g.,
scenarios to anticipate and prepare for early delivery, delayed delivery) and seek AI insights
potential project challenges. on potential risks and mitigation strategies for
each scenario.
Risk assessment matrix Helps project teams identify, assess, and Assess project risks using a probability-impact
prioritize project risks, enabling proactive risk- matrix and seek AI recommendations for
management efforts. prioritizing risk-response actions to minimize
project risks.
Cognitive verifier Ensures project-related logic and outputs Validate project documentation against industry
align with established guidelines, standards, or standards and seek AI feedback on areas needing
best practices, enhancing project quality and improvement to ensure project deliverables meet
compliance. quality expectations.
Examples
You are a project manager creating a project management plan for Project Triton, a fitness
tracking mobile app development project. You and I will work together to create a project
management plan that includes:
1 Flipped Interaction • A work breakdown structure (WBS) that outlines the key deliverables and tasks for
each project phase
• A timeline with specific milestones and dependencies, considering the 8-month project
The flipped-interaction pattern reverses usual roles duration and the beta release in Month 6
to help a user get the response they’re seeking when
they might not know what to prompt the LLM. Instead • A resource allocation plan that identifies the roles and responsibilities of each team
member, including the software development team, UI/UX design team, data analytics
of responding to a question or performing a task, the
team, and external stakeholders
LLM is prompted to proactively question the user
to draw out more detailed information. The system • A risk management plan that addresses the potential risks identified in the project
does this until it’s confident enough to provide a background, as well as any additional risks that may arise during the project
relevant result that’s customized to the user’s specific • A stakeholder communications management plan that outlines the frequency and
context and needs. methods of communication with key stakeholders, including focus groups, fitness
experts, and nutritionists
This pattern is best when you don’t know all the steps
I have collected and attached the deliverables document (deliverables.pdf), a team charter
needed for a task/project and is most effective
(teamCharter.doc), the current identified risks (risks.pdf), and the stakeholder register
for gathering detailed project requirements and
(stakeholders.pdf)
specifications from stakeholders, ensuring project
alignment. Walk me through how to create the project plan in a well-structured format, using bullet
points and tables where appropriate. I would like you to ask me questions to create a
suitable project plan draft, which I will adjust and change according to the project nuances.
You should ask questions until this condition is met or to achieve this goal. Ask me
questions about the project plan until you have enough information to generate a suitable
result from which to generate a draft.
We also need to include any assumptions or dependencies that may impact the project’s
success. The plan should be comprehensive yet concise, enabling the project team to
understand their roles and responsibilities clearly and execute the project effectively.
Let’s start with creating the WBS together.
2 Persona Pattern
Act as a project manager for Project Insight. You have 25+ years of specialization in data-
driven decision-making. You are tasked with leading data-driven marketing optimization
Generative AI systems are trained on vast amounts of efforts for a product called FoodNova, a fast-growing, mobile-based food delivery app. The
data, and you don’t necessarily want responses that objectives for this project are:
pull from all of that information. If you’re looking for
content tailored to project management, for example, • Develop a data analysis framework that can process and analyze diverse datasets from
content geared toward elementary school students various sources, ensuring data quality and compliance with privacy regulations
wouldn’t be sufficient. That’s why you’ll use the persona • Streamline the efforts of a cross-functional team to extract valuable insights from
prompt pattern. customer data, identifying key segments, preferences, and behavior patterns
By guiding the generative AI system to assume a • Evaluate the performance of past marketing campaigns and provide data-driven
particular role or character, you’re telling the LLM recommendations to optimize future campaigns across different channels and platforms
to focus the data it’s using to understand your prompt
and generate outputs that most closely match the • Manage stakeholder expectations and communication, ensuring that insights and
sort of outputs that particular role or character would recommendations are actionable and aligned with FoodNova’s business objectives
produce. The more specific guidance you provide to
• Foster a culture of continuous improvement and innovation within the project team
the persona, the more detailed and relevant your
while focusing on delivering measurable results and business value
output will be.
You will create a data analysis framework that allows team members to process and
analyze diverse datasets from various sources, ensuring data quality and compliance with
privacy regulations. First, create and present an outline or blueprint of the plan. You will be
presenting this to a nontechnical audience of directors, who will have to approve the plan
before you and your team move forward.
The directors are primarily concerned with the strategic alignment and business impact of
the project. Refer to these strategic objectives for the project to tailor your presentation.
3 Iterative Prompt Refinement
Sample prompt #1:
I am a project manager at a mid-sized tech company. Identify 10 potential risks of

introducing a new software tool. Focus on a general software implementation scenario. We
Iterative prompt refinement allows you to interact expect a brief initial list of generic risks.
with your LLM and adapt your input in response
The Generative AI system will provide a high-level response lacking specifics tied to
to the AI’s output. This technique comes in handy
the company’s unique constraints and budget-specific risks.
when you’d like your prompt results to build off of
previous responses in the conversation. You can
respond iteratively, where each response informs the Sample prompt #2:
next question. Refine and modify the responses to
Let’s expand on these risks. See attached challenges with the 2019 software upgrade. The
address any issues with the previous response. You
risks should include potential disruptions in our existing workflows and budget overruns.
also can adjust the prompt wording, provide additional
Please provide a detailed report with bullet points. Assess whether each risk is detailed and
context, or add instructions and further details as
directly applicable to our scenario.
needed to work your way to desired results. You can
use iterative prompting for question-and-answering, The next response from the generative AI system will build on the previous response
content generation, data analysis, or language to include specifics about financial risks and references the example of the 2019
translation. upgrade.
Sample prompt #3:
Now, focus specifically on operational risks and mitigation strategies and refer to ongoing
projects that might be affected. List mitigation strategies and provide actionable strategies
for highlighted risks in a prioritized list. Ensure that mitigation strategies are realistic and
tailored to our operational context.
This response is closer to providing the precise, actionable insights that can directly
influence project planning and risk management strategies.
Tools
Checklist: How to Improve AI Responses
Provide more detail

Provide specific and clear instructions to the LLM
Use more structure

Use a structured prompt formula like RTF or CREATE, or select a different one that fits your situation
Provide additional context and eliminate irrelevant or

inconsistent information
Provide sufficient context, avoid referencing irrelevant data, or consider using alternate LLMs
Ask for more specific responses

Ensure the prompt includes all necessary information, and avoid asking AI to draw conclusions broadly
Eliminate too many or conflicting requests

Review the prompt for conflicting instructions and remove or clarify them to prevent misinterpretation.
Use multiple steps

Refine the prompt iteratively, providing additional context and clarifying the desired outcome
Avoid rejected responses

Include a refusal breaker pattern in the prompt to ask the AI to explain why it can’t answer and suggest
alternatives
Discussion Question
We invite you to share your insights on

the best practices for ensuring
accuracy, relevance, and alignment with
original goals. Join the conversation on
?
our communities page at
ProjectManagement.com and contribute
your expertise to this crucial discussion.
Q: When using AI systems, what are

some best practices for ensuring
the results you receive are accu-
? rate, relevant, and aligned with your
original goals?
? >> GO TO DISCUSSION
?
?
the discussion
CHAINING
3
PROMPTS
Summary
How to Prompt Chain

The concept of prompt chaining involves breaking down complex tasks into smaller subtasks,
allowing for more efficient management of requests made to language models like LLMs.
By structuring prompts to focus on one or two tasks at a time, you can enhance the AI’s
comprehension and output quality. For instance, a prompt initially requesting several tasks
may result in incomplete or unsatisfactory responses. Refining the prompt using the CREATE
formula, which involves specifying tasks step by step, can improve results
Sustaining the Iterative Process

When refining prompts, it’s essential to document each prompt for future reference and
improvement. A prompt refinement template can streamline this process, aiding in the
identification of effective strategies and facilitating knowledge sharing among team members.
This template typically includes sections for detailing the task, patterns used, LLM model
and version, prompt techniques (such as prompt chaining), and metrics for evaluating output
quality. Regular review and updating of this documentation are necessary to adapt to
changes in LLM performance and to identify trends and best practices. Feel free to use and
share ours on pages 48 and 49 of this workbook.
Examples You are the project manager for our digital learning product team.
I need your help with organizing and optimizing our project team’s structure and
Complex responsibilities. Here are the tasks I need your assistance with:
1 Task Breakdown
• Analyze the job descriptions and task assignments below.
• Summarize the key responsibilities for each team member.
• Create a RACI chart based on the job descriptions and task assignments.
• Identify any overlaps or gaps in responsibilities.
If you have a complex prompt with multiple parts or • Provide a detailed explanation of how you constructed the RACI chart and any
asks, it’s best to use prompt chaining, breaking large, recommendations for optimizing team roles and improving efficiency.
detailed tasks into subtasks. You can then ask the LLM
to complete one or a few tasks at a time through Job Description Input:
subsequent prompts to maximize the AI’s output Team Member Job Title Tasks
quality.
Alice Jones Project Manager Manage projects, ...
Bob Brown Developer Write code, ...
Summarized Responsibilities Output:

Team Member Job Title Key Responsibilities
Alice Jones Project Manager Manage, coordinate, ...
Bob Brown Developer Write code, debug, ...
Feel free to use any additional context or details you find in the job descriptions and task
assignments to enhance your analysis and outputs.
• Analysis of job descriptions and task assignments

• Summaries of key responsibilities
• RACI chart
• Identification of overlaps and gaps
• Explanation and recommendations
Review the outputs for completeness, accuracy, and clarity. The recommendations should
be actionable and aimed at optimizing team roles and improving efficiency.
Complex Task Breakdown (continued)
Chained prompt #1: makes one ask to align team members with job duties
Analyze the job descriptions and task assignments from the provided spreadsheets, and
align each team member with their respective job duties.
Files Provided:
Job_Descriptions.xlsx
Task_Assignments.xlsx
Chained prompt #2: summarize key responsibilities
Using the aligned team members and their job duties from the previous task, summarize
the key responsibilities for each team member.
Chained prompt #3: create RACI chart
With the summarized responsibilities, create a RACI chart to delineate who is Responsible,
Accountable, Consulted, and Informed for each task.
Chained prompt #4: identify overlaps and gaps
Analyze the RACI chart and the summarized responsibilities to identify any overlaps or
gaps in responsibilities among team members
2 Brainstorming Assistance
You are a project manager at a midsized tech company.
Help us brainstorm and give us ideas for selecting a new project management tool.
You can use generative AI to help you gather We currently use a tool that doesn’t integrate well with other software and lacks agile
ideas from sources you might not have previously support. We need something with good reporting features and user-friendly interfaces.
considered, or expand the range of topics you’re
considering as part of a brainstorming exercise. Focus on tools that are within a reasonable budget and offer both cloud-based and on-
However, effective brainstorming is an iterative task premise options.
best suited for back-and-forth interaction, not just a
single prompt. Provide a list of potential tools and their features.
Success is determined by identifying several potential project management tools that meet
our initial criteria.
This prompt is ineffective because it’s too general and lacks enough detail for a
tailored response. Additionally, it misses the mark with true brainstorming and
just asks for a general list.
Brainstorming Assistance (continued)
Chained prompt #1
You are a consultant specializing in project management tools.
We want to have a conversation with you to help us select a new project management tool.
Please ask us questions to understand our needs better and arrive at a solution.
AI Response
Could you describe the main functionalities and integrations you currently use and
need in a project management tool? Are there any specific pain points or limitations
with your current tool that you’d like to address?
Chained prompt #2
Our current tool doesn’t integrate well with our CRM and doesn’t support agile approaches.
We need something that offers robust task tracking, easy-to-generate reports, and
integrates with tools like Slack, Google Workspace, and our CRM.
AI Response
Got it. Do you have a preference for a cloud-based or on-premise solution? Also,
what is your budget range for this new tool?
Chained prompt #3
We prefer a cloud-based solution for its accessibility and ease of updates. Our budget is
around $10,000 annually.
AI Response
Thanks for the details. Can you tell me about the size of your team and their technical
proficiency? Are they familiar with agile practices, or would they need some training?
Chained prompt #4
We have a team of about 50 people. Most are familiar with agile practices, but some might
need a bit of training. Technical proficiency varies, so the tool should be user-friendly.
AI Response
That’s helpful. Among the features you mentioned, which ones are absolute must-
haves, and which ones are nice to have but not critical?
Chained prompt #5
Must-haves include integration with our CRM and Slack, agile support, and good reporting
features. Nice-to-haves are time tracking and Gantt charts.
AI Response
Based on your requirements, here are a few options: Asana, Trello, and Monday.com. Do any of these stand
out to you, or are there other tools you’ve heard of that you’d like me to include in the comparison?
Chained prompt #6
Those all sound good. Please also include Jira in the comparison.
AI Response
Certainly. Here’s a comparison table of Jira, Asana, Trello, and Monday.com based on your criteria:
Feature Jira Asana Trello Monday.com
Integration Excellent Good Fair Excellent
Agile Support Excellent Good Fair Good
Reporting Excellent Good Fair Good
User-Friendly Moderate Excellent Excellent Good
Budget Within budget Within budget Within budget Within budget
Time Tracking Yes No No Yes
Gantt Charts Yes Yes No Yes
Please review this table and let me know your thoughts. Are there any features or factors that need further exploration?
Chained prompt #7
This table is very helpful. We are leaning towards Jira and Monday.com. Could you provide
a more detailed comparison of these two, focusing on user experience and customer
support?
AI Response
Certainly. Here’s a more detailed comparison of Jira and Monday.com regarding user experience and customer support:
Aspect Jira Monday.com
User Experience Moderate learning curve, very Intuitive and user-friendly from the
powerful once mastered start
Customer Support 24/7 support, extensive Excellent support with dedicated

documentation, community forums account managers, extensive
tutorials
Based on this detailed comparison, which tool aligns better with your team’s needs and preferences?
Chained prompt #8
Monday.com seems to align better with our team’s need for an intuitive user interface and
excellent support. We’ll proceed with a trial of Monday.com.
3 Agile Feedback Loops
You are a project manager overseeing the development of a mobile-banking application.
Please develop a new feature for the banking app that allows users to set up recurring
bill payments. Requirements will evolve continually in response to stakeholder and user
You can use generative AI to enhance agile feedback feedback.
loops by iteratively refining ideas and solutions based
on continuous input from users and stakeholders. This Describe how a user would set up a recurring bill payment, including frequency options and
process benefits from the structured and interactive payment methods.
nature of prompt chaining, which allows for detailed
exploration and improvement of features or processes. Ensure the prompt includes all necessary information, and avoid asking AI to draw
However, effective agile feedback requires a series conclusions broadly.
of iterative prompts, not just a single request, to fully
capture evolving requirements and drive continuous Please include text descriptions, user interface mockups, and flow diagrams.
improvement.
Chained prompt #1
Review the updated documentation and sentiment from the executive team regarding the
new recurring bill payment feature. Compare it to the current features to ensure alignment
with the app’s scope.
The executive team wants to emphasize the simplicity of the bill payment setup process,
ensuring it’s intuitive for users across different age groups and tech-savviness levels.
Agile Feedback Loops (continued)
Chained prompt #2
Incorporate feedback from the UI/UX team and conduct a usability analysis of the recurring
bill payment feature.
The UI/UX team suggests adding tool tips for first-time users to guide them through the
setup process smoothly.
Chained prompt #3
Next, optimize the backend infrastructure to handle recurring transactions securely and
efficiently for the new bill payment feature.
The development team advises implementing a scheduling algorithm to ensure timely and
accurate bill payments without overloading the server.
Chained prompt #4
Review the updated documentation and sentiment from the executive team regarding the
new recurring bill payment feature. Compare it to the current features to ensure alignment
with the app’s scope.
The marketing department emphasizes highlighting the convenience and peace of mind
users will experience by automating their bill payments through the app.
Chained prompt #5
Conduct A/B testing on the recurring bill payment feature to gather user feedback and
optimize its performance.
The QA team suggests testing different variations of the user interface and payment
scheduling options to determine the most preferred setup among users.
Tools
Documentation Spreadsheet
Create a documentation spreadsheet that

tracks the prompts you’re using to address
specific tasks. The spreadsheet should be
easy to find, accessible to all, editable, and
iterated on often. The spreadsheet is only
beneficial if it’s updated, so feel free to
iterate and update this daily.
Depending on the needs of your organization

and the use cases for prompts, you may
have specific needs around documentation.
Each spreadsheet may look different.
However, if you’re looking to get started
setting one up, some of the columns you
may want to include in your documentation
spreadsheet include:
Task What’s the specific task the prompt addresses?
Prompt Provide the specific prompt used for the task.
Formula Describe any specific formula used (such as CREATE or RTF).
Pattern or Prompt Chaining Detail any prompt patterns used (chain-of-thought, feedback loops, and so on).
LLM (including version) Note the model and its version used for generating responses, as performance can vary with updates.
Response Provide an example of the response generated by the LLM for the given prompt.
Results Metrics
a. Accuracy Rate the output from 1 (poor) to 5 (best).
b. Relevance On a scale of 1–5, assess if there’s too little output, too much, or if the amount is just right in terms of
relevance.
c. Conciseness Evaluate the output’s length as too short, too long, or just right (scale of 1–5).
d. Follow-Up Needs Indicate if additional prompts were needed to refine or expand upon the initial response.
e. Refusals and Incompletions Record any instances of refusals or incomplete responses encountered.
Notes Document any interesting findings, quirks, or tips related to the prompt or the LLM's response.
PROMPT v1: You are an experienced project manager. Draft a project update report for stakeholders covering project status,
key achievements, challenges and risks, and next steps. Provide the report in a structured format with the folowing sections:
(1) Executive Summary (2) Progress Overview (3) Challenges and Risks (4) Next Steps (5) Conclusion
TASK FORMULAS / PATTERNS LLM & VERSION ACCURACY RELEVANCE CONCISENESS FOLLOW-UPS REFUSALS INCOMPLETE NOTES
Project Update Report RTF Infinity 5 4 4 1 0 1 Often times out
ChatGPT 4.0 5 5 4 2 0 1 Performs best with tipping
Claude 3 4 4 3 2 1 1 Performance varies widely on timing
CoPilot 4-turbo 4 3 3 2 1 2 Servers get overloaded
Gemini 1.5 4 4 5 3 1 1 Often gets stuck
PROMPT v2: You are an experienced project manager with extensive experience in software development projects. Create a
detailed project update report for stakeholders. The report should include the current project status, significant
achievements, any challenges and risks encountered, adn planned next steps. Please provide a structured report with the
following sections (1) Executive Summary - brief overview of current project status and key highlights (2) Progress Overview -
summarize milestones reached and tasks completed since last update (3) Challenges and Risks - detail any issues faced,
potential impact, and mitigation strategies (4) Next Steps - outline upcomint tasks and milestones (5) Conclusion - summary
of overall project health and final remarks.
TASK FORMULAS / PATTERNS LLM & VERSION ACCURACY RELEVANCE CONCISENESS FOLLOW-UPS REFUSALS INCOMPLETE NOTES
Project Update Report RTF Infinity 4 4 3 2 1 2 Servers get overloaded
ChatGPT 4.0 3 5 4 2 0 1 Performs best with tipping
Claude 3 4 5 4 1 0 2 Best with negative feedback
CoPilot 4-turbo 5 4 3 1 1 1 Not focused
Gemini 1.5 4 4 5 2 0 1 More detailed yielded better results
AI Today Podcast
Want to learn more about the documentation
technique? Listen to Cognilytica’s AI Today
podcast, “Prompt Engineering Best Practices,”
which goes over an essential prompt engineering
best practice—diligent documentation. Hosts
Kathleen Walch and Ron Schmelzer emphasize
why keeping meticulous logs of the prompts
you try, the language models used, techniques
like prompt chaining, and performance results
over time are crucial. Discovering which prompts
work best is an iterative process of constant
experimentation and refinement. Tune in for tips
on systematically documenting your way to
more accurate and capable AI outputs through
this collaborative method.
Discussion Question
With Generative AI, iteratively refining and

optimizing prompts can lead to better
AI-generated results. This may involve
adjusting the specificity or clarity of the
?
prompt to increase relevance and accu-
racy of results.
Q: What examples do you have of
how improving a prompt drastically
changed the output quality? What
specific changes did you make that led
to the improvement?
? >> GO TO DISCUSSION
?
the discussion
?
PROMPTING
4
ACUMEN
Summary
The Art of Prompt Engineering
Prompt engineering starts with creativity and intuition. To enhance AI responses, creatively develop
prompts and tailor them for specific tasks. This intuition is honed through problem-solving, recognizing
patterns, and continuous improvement. Creative problem-solving helps devise solutions using generative
AI, while pattern recognition facilitates smoother experimentation. Continuous improvement practices
translate into effective prompt building, acknowledging that LLMs respond differently based on their
programming and version.
Experimentation is crucial for developing prompt engineering skills. Documenting prompts and their
processes enables systematic learning and adaptation. Use our documentation template to document
your prompts and share them within the community, fostering collaboration. Recognize and document
prompt patterns that yield high-quality outputs, and utilize advanced features of generative AI such as
plug-ins and APIs, ensuring data cleanliness and security. Overcoming a fear of mistakes is essential; view
each prompt as a learning opportunity. Experiment with different tasks, and draw inspiration from the Use
Case library.
Experimenting with various prompt patterns reveals effective approaches across scenarios. This trial-and-
error process clarifies LLM limitations and capabilities, promoting efficient prompting strategies. Adopt a
growth mindset, viewing LLMs as tools for accelerating work. Seek peer feedback to refine prompts and
generate new ideas. Patience and persistence are key, as there’s no penalty for failure, only rewards for
success.
The Science of Prompt Engineering
You’ve learned fundamental skills and best practices in prompt engineering to

enhance project success. Effective prompting requires clarity, specificity, context,
examples, relevant background, and clear output instructions. You’ve learned the RTF
(role, task, format) formula for simple requests and the CREATE (Character definition,
specific Requests, Examples, Adjustments, output Types, and Evaluation steps)
formula for more complex inquiries.
For advanced requests, use prompt-chaining techniques to facilitate detailed,

interactive exchanges with the LLM, allowing for iterative outputs and deeper
inquiries. Use templates for consistency and automation scripts for repetitive tasks.
Enhance prompt quality with error and
fact-checking approaches as well as the “explainer” method. Systematically
document, analyze, and refine prompts to improve outcomes, share successes, and
discover innovative applications.
Track metrics like effectiveness and conciseness in prompt documentation templates.

Be clear and specific in prompts, testing both simple and detailed versions to find the
optimal level of detail
Ensure ethical AI usage by validating outputs, protecting sensitive data, and adhering
to ethical guidelines. Be aware of LLM limitations and potential inaccuracies, always
verifying results.
Examples
1 Improving Communication
As a project professional, leveraging generative AI can

significantly enhance and augment your soft skills, Act as an experienced project manager who is skilled at writing clear, concise emails for
including critical thinking, communication, collaboration, weekly project updates.
problem-solving, and more. You can use your critical
thinking skills by approaching problems systematically, Create an email template that can be used throughout the entire project for a project
evaluating responses from LLMs, and questioning manager to send out on a weekly basis to update all stakeholders working on the project
assumptions. on what happened that previous week.
Using documentation spreadsheets helps you hone Make sure that the email uses simple wording, is not overly verbose, and provides a clear
your collaboration skills. Generative AI can also improve template any project manager can use to send out on a weekly basis.
communication skills. Project managers excel at
conveying information clearly and succinctly, and this The best examples of emails can be found on the PMI.org website and any content from
skill comes in handy when creating prompts and using the Project Management Institute. Only reference materials and data from PMI, not
the generated results. Project managers are often from other blogs or websites.
tasked with generating clear, concise update emails
for project stakeholders. Using the soft skills mentioned
above, you can use LLMs to create templates for email
communication.
In this example, you’re using AI to help you better

communicate with various stakeholders—as well as
keep emails clear, concise, and in a specific format—to
make sure you don’t miss any critical updates.
2 Assistance With Change Request
Project professionals often rely on their problem-

solving skills to tackle unforeseen problems during Act as an experienced project manager.
project execution. Generative AI can provide
assistance with change requests, improving your Explain to a junior project manager what a change request is, why it’s needed, and the
soft skills of problem-solving, communication, and general steps involved in submitting a change request.
collaboration.
Create a document that can be shared with all junior project managers.
In this example, you’re a project professional who is
new to managing projects. This is the first project The best examples of project change requests can be found on the PMI.org website
you’re managing, and some changes have been and any content from the Project Management Institute. Only reference change
requested. You need help understanding the change- management guides and data from PMI, not from other blogs or websites.
request process. Using your soft skills, you turn to LLMs
to help you better understand this process.
Tools
Checklist: Art
Use this checklist to master the art and science of prompt engineering, ensuring effective, creative, and responsible use of AI tools.
1. Develop Intuition
• Cultivate creative problem-solving and pattern recognition skills
• Continuously practice and improve prompting techniques
2. Expand Your Creative Problem-Solving

• Experiment with innovative ideas and document the process
• Share prompts within a community for collaborative learning
3. Enhance Pattern Recognition

• Notice and document effective prompt patterns
• Experiment with these patterns to push boundaries
4. Utilize Advanced Features

• Use plug-ins, file uploads, computer vision, text-to-speech, APIs, and so on
• Experiment with different tasks to explore LLM capabilities
5. Overcome Fear of Mistakes

• View each prompt as a learning opportunity
• Understand how to handle prompt rejections and undesired responses
6. Continuous Improvement
• Adopt a trial-and-error mindset and use metrics to assess effectiveness
• Seek and incorporate feedback from peers
Checklist: Science
Use this checklist to master the art and science of prompt engineering, ensuring effective, creative, and responsible use of AI tools.
The Science (Principles and Skills) of Prompt Engineering

1. Follow General Good Practices
• Ensure clarity, specificity, context, examples, and clear output instructions
• Ensure data is clean and has consistent, nonconflicting instructions
2. Use Prompt Patterns

• Apply the RTF formula for simple requests
• Utilize the CREATE pattern for complex tasks
3. Employ Prompt Chaining

• Use prompt-chaining techniques for detailed, iterative exchanges
• Utilize the CREATE pattern for complex tasks
4. Advanced Techniques
• Use templates for consistency and flipped interactions for unknown details
• Implement automation scripts and employ error/fact-checking approaches
5. Iterative Refinement
• Systematically document and analyze prompt effectiveness
• Share successful prompts and explore new applications
6. Ensure Ethical and Responsible Use

• Validate outputs and protect sensitive data
• Follow ethical guidelines and verify results
Prompt Engineering Exchange
Do you have a great prompt (or prompt

chain) that you’ve tested and performs
well? Share the wealth with your fellow
PMs and add it to the Prompt Engineer-
?
ing Exchange. Post your prompts, try
others’ prompts, comment on them, and
upvote the particularly effective ones.
Don’t forget to remove any personal or
proprietary information before you post!
>> GO TO THE PROMPT

? ENGINEERING EXCHANGE
?
?
Click this link to visit the
Prompt Engineering Exchange
?
CONCLUSION
Applying Prompt Engineering in Daily Project Management
Applying prompt engineering in daily project management can significantly enhance

efficiency and decision-making. By leveraging well-crafted prompts, project
managers optimize communication with AI tools to offload routine tasks, generate
insightful reports, and predict project risks.
For instance, specific prompts can be designed to analyze project timelines, identify
potential bottlenecks, and suggest resource reallocations. This approach ensures that
the AI outputs are tailored to the project’s unique needs, enabling managers to make
data-driven decisions swiftly.
Additionally, prompt engineering can facilitate better team collaboration by

generating clear and concise updates, thus keeping all stakeholders informed
and aligned with project goals. This strategic use of prompts not only streamlines
workflows but also empowers project managers to focus on high-priority tasks that
require human judgment and creativity.
Prompt Ideas
Discover topics designed to inspire and enhance your project management process at every stage, from initiation to closure. These topics
serve as starting points, sparking ideas on how to leverage generative AI to streamline your tasks and improve efficiency. Feel free to adapt
and refine these suggestions using your intuition and the skills you’ve developed in this class to meet the unique needs of your project.
INITIATION AND PLANNING EXECUTION
• Generating a project charter • Creating a work breakdown structure (WBS)
• Defining project scope and objectives • Developing a project schedule
• Conducting a feasibility study • Allocating and managing resources
• Establishing project governance • Conducting a sprint retrospective
• Performing stakeholder analysis • Sprint planning
• Developing a project communications management plan • Daily coordination meeting
• Facilitating project kickoff meetings • User story writing
• Developing a procurement management plan • Developing a project budget and financial forecast
• Managing project constraints (scope, time, cost)
• Implementing earned value management (EVM)
Prompt Ideas (continued)
MONITORING AND CONTROLLING CLOSURE
• Identifying project risks and mitigation strategies • Conducting project closure and postmortem
analysis
• Generating status reports
• Performing benefit realization analysis
• Tracking and managing project dependencies
• Refining backlog
• Assessing and prioritizing risks
• Creating a stakeholder engagement and
• Developing a quality management plan
communications management plan
• Managing change requests
• Designing a change management strategy
• Developing an issue management plan
• Creating a team development plan
Tool Library
Customized LLM Platform

for Project Management
• Infinity (PMI)
Multimodal LLM Platforms

• ChatGPT (OpenAI)
• Copilot (Microsoft 365)
• Gemini (Google)
• Grok (X)
• Claude (Anthropic)
Tool Library (continued)
Customized Plug-ins
New plug-ins are created regularly. These can help with a variety of
different tasks, so identify what you need help with and then determine
which plug-in can help. Below is just a sampling of available plug-ins.
• Consensus: AI research assistant
• Scholar GPT: Enhance research efforts
• Supernormal: Meeting transcription
• Fireflies: Conversation intelligence
• Monday.com: Project plans
• Tom’s Planner: Project plans
• Asana: Automated status updates
• Reclaim.AI: Intelligent scheduling
• Clockwise: Intelligent scheduling
• Loom: Intelligent walkthroughs
• Autodesk Fusion 360: Prototyping
• Smartsheet: Time and cost management
• Wrike: Control management
• Clickup Brain: Workflow management and automation
• Perplexity AI: AI-powered Q&A
• Jasper: AI-powered writing assistant
• Scholarcy: AI-powered text summarization
Additional Resources
• PMI Thought Leadership Talking to the Machine: Prompt Engineering Essentials

for Project Professionals
• PMI Thought Leadership: First Movers’ Advantage: The Immediate Benefits of

Adopting Generative AI For Project Management
• AI Today podcast by Cognilytica
Ĵ Prompt Engineering Best Practices: The Soft Skills of Prompting
Ĵ Prompt Engineering Best Practices: “Hack and Track”
Ĵ Prompt Engineering Best Practices: Using Plug-ins
Ĵ Prompt Engineering Best Practices: Using Custom Instructions
Ĵ Prompt Engineering Best Practices: Use a Prompt Pattern
Ĵ Who is on the AI Team?
Ĵ Determining AI Project Costs
Ĵ Scoping AI Projects
Ĵ Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
Ĵ The Critical AI and Data Skills You Need as a Project Manager
Ĵ When to Do Automation versus AI
Ĵ How to Avoid Getting Screwed with Generative AI
Additional Resources (continued)
Ĵ The Drawbacks and Challenges of Generative AI
Ĵ Foundation Models, Fine-Tuning, and Domain-Specific LLMs
Ĵ Diffusion Models and Image Generation
Ĵ Generative AI/LLM—How Does It Work?
Ĵ Glossary Series: Structured Data, Unstructured Data, Semistructured Data
Ĵ Glossary Series: Data, Dataset, Big Data, DIKUW Pyramid
Ĵ Glossary Series: Data Preparation, Data Cleaning, Data Splitting, Data

Multiplication, Data Transformation
Ĵ Glossary Series: OpenAI, GPT, DALL-E, Stable Diffusion
• Articles: Putting AI into Your Projects
Ĵ Who Is on the AI Team?
Ĵ Keeping AI Projects In Check: Scoping AI Projects
Ĵ Determining AI Project Costs
Ĵ What Skills Do you Need to Be an AI Project Manager?
Ĵ Are You Making These Deadly Mistakes with Your AI Projects?
Ĵ The One Practice That Is Separating the AI Successes From the Failures
Ĵ The Worst AI Advice You’ll Ever Hear

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The RTF versus CREATE Formulas 17 Flipped Interaction 31

Determining Whether GenAI 7 Discussion Question 35

How to Prompt Chain 37

Sustaining the Iterative Process 37

What is Prompt Engineering? 12

Summary 28 Complex Task Breakdown 38

Undesirable Responses 28 Brainstorming Assistance 40

Advanced Prompting Patterns 28 Agile Feedback Loops 45

The Art of Prompt Engineering 53

The Science of Prompt Engineering 54

Assistance With Change Request 56

Checklist: Art and Science 57

Prompt Engineering Exchange 59

Workbook Overview Course Companion Sharing

1 Identify repetitive and time-consuming tasks or tasks that

2 Determine if the task can be performed, improved, or

3 Evaluate the complexity of the problem

4 Consider if the problem requires creative solutions or ideas

5 Assess the potential benefits of using generative AI

6 Identify the limitations and risks associated with using

7 Make an informed decision based on the above factors

Maintaining ethical standards and data security involves several crucial

By implementing these strategies, project managers can mitigate risks associated

Be sure to reference our checklist on page 24 for a comprehensive guide to

What is Prompt Engineering?

In today’s rapidly evolving world of artificial intelligence and natural language

A fundamental aspect of prompt engineering is its iterative nature. Project managers

Prompt engineering empowers project managers to tailor LLM-generated responses

Effective prompts rely on several integral components:

By incorporating these components into their prompts, project managers can

Your task is to identify potential risks in this renovation project to

T Precisely state the task hospital operations.

Character The prompt:

Adjustments & Constraints

constraints for the AI’s response

E Provide relevant examples or context to

Comparing the RTF and CREATE formulas

While the RTF formula offers simplicity and

Project managers may choose the appropriate

Experimenting with different prompting

1 Prompts using RTF

Role: Role: Role:

Task: Task: Task:

Format: Format: Format:

Adjustments and constraints:

Evaluation and steps:

Evaluation and steps:

Prompt Formula Advantages Formula Components

Time-bound: Set a deadline or timeline for the AI to complete the task.

Prompt Formula Advantages Formula Components

Result: Describe the expected outcomes or results of the AI’s actions.

Decision: Describe the decision-making process the AI should follow.

Results: Anticipate the expected results or outcomes of the AI’s actions.

Specificity Experimentation and Refinement

Examples Reliability Check

• Deploy automated systems to match responses with authoritative databases.

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