9/12/2024

Davao Oriental State University

CHAPTER 2

Faculty of Teacher Education

Aberin A. Alimbon
Instructor Mathematics in the Modern World

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• A relation is a rule that pairs each element in one set, called the domain, with • A function is a relation.
one or more elements from a second set called the range. • It is the rule that pairs each element in one set, called the domain, with exactly
• A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x, y). one element from a second set, called the range.
• A relation from set A to set B is defined to be any subset of A×B. If R is a • This means that each first coordinate, there is exactly one second coordinate
relation from A to B and (a, b)∈R, then we say that "a is related to " and it is or for every first element of x, there corresponds a unique second element, y.
denoted as a 𝑹 b.
• Remember: A one-to-one correspondence and many-to-one correspondence
are called FUNCTIONS while one-to-many correspondence is NOT, just a
RELATION

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• Is a function a relation? Focus on the x-coordinates, when given a relation. 1. Table

• If the set of ordered pairs have different x-coordinates, it is a function. The perimeter of a square is four times the length of its side.
• If the set of ordered pairs have same x-coordinates, it is NOT a function, but it Side (S) 1 3 5 7 9
could be said a relation. Perimeter
4 12 20 28 36
(P)

2. Ordered Pairs

{(1, 4), (3, 12), (5, 20), (7, 28), (9, 36)}

3. Mapping Diagram

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4. Graph Determine whether each of the following relations is a function.

Using a vertical line test, that is, a set of points in the plane is the graph of a function if and 𝐴 = {(1,3), (2,4), (4,6)}
only if no vertical line intersects the graph in more than one point. 𝐵 = {(−2,7), (−1,3), (0,1), (1,5), (2,5)}
𝐶 = {(3,0), (3,2), (7,4), (9,1)}

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The following are definitions on the operations on functions: 1. If 𝑓(𝑥)=2𝑥+1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥)=3𝑥+2, 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 (𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥)?
• The sum or difference of 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔, denoted by 𝒇 ± 𝒈 is the function
defined by (𝑓 ± 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥).
• The product of 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔, denoted by 𝒇 · 𝒈 is the function defined by
(𝑓·𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)·𝑔(𝑥).
• The quotient of 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 denoted by 𝑓/𝑔 is the function defined by
(𝑓(𝑥))/(𝑔(𝑥)) where 𝑔(𝑥) is not equal to zero.
• The composite function of 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 denoted by 𝒇 𝝄 𝒈 is the function
defined by (𝑓 𝜊 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)). Similarly, the composite function of 𝑔
𝑏𝑦 𝑓, denoted by 𝒈 𝝄 𝒇, is the function defined by ( 𝑔 𝜊 𝑓)(𝑥) =
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)).

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1. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2, 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)? 2. What is (𝑓∙𝑔)(𝑥) 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)=2𝑥+1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥)=3𝑥+2?
Solution:
(𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)+𝑔(𝑥)
=(2𝑥+1)+(3𝑥+2)
=2𝑥+3𝑥+1+2
=𝟓𝒙+𝟑

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2. What is (𝑓∙𝑔)(𝑥) 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)=2𝑥+1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥)=3𝑥+2? 3. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 2, 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑓 − 𝑔 𝑥 ?

Solution:
𝑓∙𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 ∙𝑔 𝑥
= 2𝑥 + 1 3𝑥 + 2
= 6𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 2
= 𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟐

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3. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 2, 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑓 − 𝑔 𝑥 ? 𝑓
4. What is 𝑥 if 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑎 + 6𝑏 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 3𝑏?
𝑔
Solution:
𝑓−𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 −𝑔 𝑥
= 2𝑥 + 1 − 3𝑥 + 2
= 2𝑥 + 1 − 3𝑥 − 2
= 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 1 − 2
= −𝑥 − 1

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𝑓 5. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 2, what is 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 𝑥 ?
4. What is 𝑥 if 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑎 + 6𝑏 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 3𝑏?
𝑔
Solution:
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)
2𝑎+6𝑏
=
𝑎+3𝑏
2(𝑎+3𝑏)
=
𝑎+3𝑏
=𝟐

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Davao Oriental State University

Faculty of Teacher Education

5. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 2, what is 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 𝑥 ?
Solution:
𝑔∘𝑓 𝑥 =𝑔 𝑓 𝑥
= 3𝑥 + 2
= 3 2𝑥 + 1 + 2
= 6𝑥 + 3 + 2
= 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟓
End of Presentation

Aberin A. Alimbon
Instructor

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