Unit 2

UNIT 2 -
IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS ;
AMBEDKAR’S SOCIALIST MODEL ;
1. Economic Redistribution: Ambedkar's socialist model focused on
reducing economic disparities by advocating for the redistribution
of wealth and resources. He believed in implementing policies that
would ensure a more equitable distribution of income and assets.
2. Nationalization of Key Industries: Ambedkar proposed the
nationalization of key industries to prevent the concentration of
wealth and power in the hands of a few. This would enable the state
to control and regulate these industries for the bene t of the entire
society.
3. Land Reforms: Recognizing the importance of land ownership in
rural India, Ambedkar called for land reforms to address the
exploitation of peasants and landless laborers. He advocated for
the redistribution of land to ensure access and ownership rights for
marginalized communities.
4. Welfare State: Ambedkar emphasized the establishment of a
welfare state that provides social security and basic necessities to
all citizens. He believed in the state's responsibility to ensure the
well-being of its citizens through the provision of healthcare,
education, and social support systems.
5. A rmative Action: Ambedkar's socialist model included a rmative
action policies to uplift marginalized communities, particularly the
Dalits. He advocated for reservations in education, employment,
and political representation to address historical injustices and
provide equal opportunities for social mobility.
6. Empowerment of Marginalized Communities: Central to
Ambedkar's socialist model was the empowerment of marginalized
communities. He emphasized the need to eradicate caste-based
discrimination and promote social inclusion to ensure equal
participation and representation in all spheres of life.
7. Social Justice: Ambedkar's socialist model aimed at achieving
social justice by challenging existing hierarchies and oppressive
systems. He championed the cause of social equality, dignity, and
individual rights, advocating for a society where every individual is
treated with respect and has equal opportunities to succeed.
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NEHRU’S DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM ;
1. Mixed Economy: Nehru's democratic socialism promoted a mixed
economy that combined elements of both socialism and capitalism. He
believed in a balance between state control and private enterprise, with
the government playing a signi cant role in economic planning and
regulation.
2. Industrialization and Public Sector: Nehru emphasized the need for rapid
industrialization to achieve economic self-su ciency. He advocated for
the establishment of public sector industries, where the state would own
and operate key sectors of the economy to promote development and
ensure equitable access to resources.
3. Land Reforms: Nehru recognized the importance of land reforms to
address agrarian issues and alleviate rural poverty. He supported
measures such as land redistribution, tenancy reforms, and the abolition
of landlordism to empower farmers and promote agricultural
productivity.
4. Social Welfare: Nehru's democratic socialism aimed to improve the living
conditions of the masses through social welfare programs. He focused
on providing access to education, healthcare, and basic amenities to all
citizens, with an emphasis on eradicating poverty and reducing income
disparities.
5. Planned Development: Nehru emphasized the importance of economic
planning as a means to achieve rapid industrialization and balanced
growth. He established the Planning Commission to formulate and
implement ve-year plans that guided the country's economic
development and resource allocation.
6. Secularism and Social Justice: Nehru's democratic socialism was rooted
in the principles of secularism and social justice. He aimed to create a
society that embraced diversity and promoted equal rights and
opportunities for all citizens, irrespective of religion, caste, or gender.
7. Democratic Institutions: Nehru believed in the importance of democratic
institutions and processes to ensure accountability and participation. He
advocated for a robust parliamentary system, free and fair elections, and
an independent judiciary, which formed the foundation of India's
democratic socialist framework.
IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION ;

1. Democracy: The Indian Constitution upholds the principles of
democracy and establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular,
and democratic republic.
2. Socialism: It incorporates socialist ideals, aiming for social and
economic justice and the equitable distribution of resources.
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3. Secularism: The Constitution promotes secularism, ensuring
religious neutrality and protecting freedom of religion.
4. Fundamental Rights: It guarantees fundamental rights such as
equality, freedom of speech, and protection against discrimination.
5. Directive Principles of State Policy: The Constitution includes
guiding principles for the government to promote social justice and
improve citizens' well-being.
6. Federalism: It establishes a federal structure, balancing powers
between the central government and states.
7. Judicial Review: The Constitution grants the judiciary the power to
interpret and safeguard the Constitution.
8. Equality: It enshrines the principles of equality, prohibiting
discrimination based on religion, caste, gender, or other grounds.
9. Social Justice: The Constitution emphasizes social justice by
addressing historical disadvantages and protecting the rights of
marginalized communities.
10.Rule of Law: It upholds the supremacy of the Constitution and
ensures adherence to the rule of law.
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UNIT 2 -

IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION ;

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