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I.
Basic Environmental Concepts
1. Ecosystem o Definition: A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment. o Types: Terrestrial (e.g., forests, deserts) and Aquatic (e.g., oceans, rivers). 2. Biodiversity o Importance: Increases ecosystem productivity, stability, and resilience. o Threats: Habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, and climate change. 3. Natural Resources o Types: Renewable (e.g., solar, wind, water) and Non-renewable (e.g., coal, oil). o Conservation: Sustainable practices like reforestation, energy conservation, and recycling. II. Environmental Issues 1. Climate Change o Causes: Greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities. o Effects: Rising temperatures, melting polar ice, sea-level rise, extreme weather. 2. Air Pollution o Primary Pollutants: Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter. o Solutions: Reducing vehicle emissions, using renewable energy, afforestation. 3. Water Pollution o Causes: Industrial waste, plastic pollution, agricultural runoff, sewage. o Prevention: Proper waste disposal, water treatment facilities, reducing plastic use. 4. Deforestation o Impacts: Loss of biodiversity, increased CO₂, soil erosion, disruption of water cycles. o Prevention: Reforestation, sustainable logging, protected areas. III. Key Environmental Laws and Agreements 1. Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act 8749) o Focus: Preventing and managing air pollution.
o Key Provisions: Limits on air emissions from industrial and vehicular
sources. 2. Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Republic Act 9003) o Focus: Proper solid waste management through segregation, recycling, and composting. o Key Provisions: Waste segregation at source, mandatory recycling programs. 3. Paris Agreement o Goal: Limit global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.
o Commitments: Countries aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
IV. Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Practices
1. 3 Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle o Importance: Minimizes waste, conserves resources, reduces pollution. o Examples: Using reusable bags, composting organic waste, recycling plastics. 2. Energy Conservation o Benefits: Reduces greenhouse gas emissions, lowers energy costs, conserves natural resources. o Tips: Use energy-efficient appliances, unplug devices when not in use, switch to renewable energy sources. 3. Wildlife Conservation o Importance: Maintains biodiversity and ecosystem balance.
o Practices: Establishing protected areas, anti-poaching laws, wildlife
rehabilitation programs. V. Sample Quiz Questions 1. What is the main cause of climate change? o Answer: Greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Name one law that addresses air pollution in the Philippines.
o Answer: Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act 8749).
3. What are the three R’s in waste management?
o Answer: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
4. Why is biodiversity important?
o Answer: It increases ecosystem productivity, stability, and resilience. 5. What is the Paris Agreement's main goal? o Answer: To limit global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.