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    Physical Properties of Physical Properties of Nanomaterials Nanomaterials

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    dheerachessmsk

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    Physical Properties of Physical Properties of Nanomaterials Nanomaterials

    Uploaded by

    dheerachessmsk
    1 views7 pages

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    5_6197132951902224805

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    1 views7 pages

    Physical Properties of Physical Properties of Nanomaterials Nanomaterials

    Uploaded by

    dheerachessmsk

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Physical properties of nanomaterials

    Atoms on a small scale behave like


    nothing on a large scale

    Main feature – size determines the


    properties of nanomaterials

    In macro
    macro-scale
    scale – properties do not
    change much with size

    In nano-scale – enormous changes


    The Surface Area - if you go on reducing the size of a
    material to a very very small particle, say 1 nm then all the
    atoms constituting the particle will be on the surface.

    -if you increase the size 1 nm to 5 nm, the number of atoms on


    the surface will decrease.
    Changes in properties
    1.Magnetic properties of nanostructured materials
    are distinctively different from that of bulk
    materials..
    materials Ferromagnetism of bulk materials
    di
    disappears and
    d transfers
    t f t superparamagnetism
    to ti i
    in
    the nanometer scale due to the huge surface energy.
    energy.

    2.Optical properties of nanomaterials can be


    significantly different from bulk crystals. E.g. The
    optical
    p absorption
    p p
    peak of a semiconductor
    nanoparticle shifts to short wavelength, due to an
    increased band gap. The colour of metallic
    nanoparticles may change with their sizes due to
    surface plasmon resonance.

    Bulk gold small particle of gold


    shine as a metal; no metallic, don’t shine

    Chemically not reactive Reactive


    ( make jewel)
    Changes in properties
    3. Thermal Properties of Nanomaterials may have a
    significantly lower melting point or phase transition
    temperature and appreciably reduced lattice constants,
    constants due to a
    huge fraction of surface atoms in the total amount of atoms
    In region I ( 50 nm and above) ,
    properties will be similar to those the bulk

    II (10 – 50 nm),
    th i properties
    their ti vary linearly
    li l with
    ith size
    i

    III ( very small),


    we get some unusual and new properties

    These are due to quantum effects


    4.Mechanical properties of nanomaterials may reach the
    th
    theoretical
    ti l strength,
    t th which
    hi h are one or two
    t orders
    d off magnitude
    it d
    higher than that of single crystals in the bulk form. The
    enhancement in mechanical strength is due to the reduced
    probability of defects.
    defects.

    5.Electrical conductivityy decreases with a reduced dimension due


    to increased surface scattering. However, electrical conductivity
    of nanomaterials could also be enhanced appreciably, due to the
    better ordering in microstructure, e.g. polymeric fibrils.
    Any heat treatment increases the diffusion of impurities, intrinsic
    structural defects and dislocations,, and one can easily
    y ppush them to
    the nearby surface. chemical stability would be enhanced.

    Bulk gold does not exhibit catalytic properties


    A nanocrystall is
    Au i an excellent
    ll lowl temperature catalyst.
    l

    • Therefore, if we can control the processes that make a nanoscopic material,


    then we can control the material’s properties.
    Characteristics of nanomaterials that distinguish
    them from bulk materials

    •large fraction of surface atoms


    •high
    hi h surface
    f energy
    •spatial
    p confinement
    •reduced imperfections

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