Cause and Effect

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CAUSE & EFFECT

Reason & Result

DEFINITION

Looks at the reasons (causes) and results (effects).


Sometimes referred to as reason and result essays.

STRUCTURE

Block structure lists all of the causes first,


and all of the effects afterwards. This type
of structure is clearer.

Two types of
structure:
Block
and
Chain.

Chain structure has each cause followed


immediately by the effect. Usually the effect
will then be the cause of the next effect. This
type of structure ensures that any effects
relate directly to the causes.

CAUSE STRUCTURE WORDS & EXAMPLES


The first cause of this is
Because of Worsening pollution levels in cities are due to the
As a result of
increased use of cars.
As a consequence of
Because of the increased use of cars, pollution
to result from
results in levels in cities are worsening.
to be the result of As a result of the increased use of cars, pollution
is due to levels in cities are worsening.
Owing to The effect of the increased use of cars is a
is the effect of
worsening of pollution levels in cities.
is the consequence of

EFFECT STRUCTURE WORDS & EXAMPLES


The first effect of this is
As a result,
Cars are used increasingly for urban transport. As As a consequence,
a consequence, pollution levels in cities are Consequently
Therefore,
worsening.
Hence
Increased use of cars for urban transport This results in
adversely affects pollution levels in cities. causes
affects
Increased use of cars for urban transport is one of
is one of the causes of
the causes of worsening pollution levels in cities. is the reason for

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