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    4 Control Structures in C

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    4 Control Structures in C

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    4 Control Structures in c

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    1 views18 pages

    4 Control Structures in C

    Uploaded by

    cravindrareddy187

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 18

    23CSE201

    PROCEDURAL PROGRAMMING USING C


    LOOPING IN C
    • A looping is an important control structure in higher level language
    programming.
    • The process of repeatedly executing a collection of statement is called
    looping. The main objective of looping is to provide repetition of the parts
    of program.
    • There are two types of loop structure supported by languages as follows ...
    1. Entry control
    2. Exit control
    ENTRY CONTROL LOOP
    • In entry control loop the condition is
    checked first and then body is executed.
    And the body of loop is not executed at
    all if the condition is false.
    • Example:
    For loop and While Loop
    Nested for loop
    EXIT CONTROL LOOP
    • In exit control loop body is executed
    first and then condition is checked
    Means if condition is false first time,
    the body is executed at least once.
    • Example:
    Do While Loop
    FOR LOOP
    • A for loop is a more efficient loop structure which
    is used to execute a sequence of statements
    multiple times.
    • Syntax:
    FOR LOOP

    • Initial value is executed first and only once. This step allows you to declare
    and initialize any loop control variable.
    • Next the condition is evaluated/tested. if it is true the body of the loop is
    executed and if it is false the body of the loop doesn't executed and the flow
    of control jumps to the next statement just after the ‘for loop’.
    • After the body of the ’for’ loop executes the control jumps back up to the
    increment/decrement statement. This statement allows you to update any
    loop control variable.
    Example of FOR LOOP
    #include<stdio.h>
    Output:
    void main() 1
    { 2
    3
    int i; 4
    for(i=1;i<=10;i++) 5
    6
    {
    7
    printf(“%d\n”,i); 8
    } 9
    10
    }
    WHILE LOOP
    • C while loop statement allows to repeatedly run the same block of code until
    a condition is met.
    • While loop is a most basic loop in C programming. while loop has one
    control condition and it’s executes as long as the condition is true.
    • The condition of the loop is tested before the body of the loop is executed,
    hence it is called an entry controlled loop.
    WHILE LOOP
    • Syntax:
    Example of WHILE LOOP
    #include<stdio.h>
    Output:
    void main() 1
    { 2
    int i=1; 3
    4
    while(i<=10)
    5
    { 6
    printf(“%d\n”,i); 7
    i++; 8
    9
    } 10
    }
    DO - WHILE LOOP
    • Unlike for and while loop which test the condition at the top of the loop, the
    do while loop in c programming checks its conditions at the bottom of the
    loop that’s why it is exit control loop.
    • The do while loop is also called post tested loop.
    • A do while loop is similar to while loop with one exception, that is it
    executes the statement inside the body of do while loop before checking
    condition.
    DO- WHILE LOOP
    • Syntax:
    Example of DO-WHILE LOOP
    #include<stdio.h>
    Output:
    void main()
    inside the loop
    { outside the loop
    int i =0;
    do
    {
    printf(“inside the loop”);
    }
    while(i==1);
    printf(“\n outside the loop);
    }
    NESTED FOR LOOP
    • The placing of one loop inside the body of another loop is called nesting.
    • C programming allows us to nesting all types of loops, but the most commonly
    nested loops are nested for loops. The outer loop takes control of the number of
    complete repetitions of the inner loop.
    • Syntax:
    Example of NESTED FOR LOOP
    #include<stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    int n=5,i,j;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++) { Output:
    *
    for(j=1;j<=i;j++) {
    **
    printf("* "); ***
    } ****
    printf("\n"); *****
    }
    }
    Example of NESTED FOR LOOP
    #include<stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    int n=5,i,j;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++) { Output:
    1
    for(j=1;j<=i;j++) {
    12
    printf("%d ",j); 123
    } 1234
    printf("\n"); 12345
    }
    }
    INFINITE LOOP
    • If the condition is given in such a logic that the repetition continues any number of
    times with no fixed condition to stop looping those statements, then this type of
    looping is called “infinite looping”.
    • Example:
    THANK YOU

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