Measurement Error

MEASUREMENT ERRORS AND EXPERIMENTS

1. ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT
To get some overview of error, least count and significant figures, lets consider the example given below.
Suppose we have to measure the length of a rod. How can we!

(a) Lets use a cm scale: (a scale on which only cm marks are there)

We will measure length = 4 cm

Although the length will be a bit more than 4 , but we cannot say its length to be 4.1 cm or 4.2 cm, as the scale
can measure upto cm only , not closer than that.
* It (this scale) can measure upto cm accuracy only.
* so we’ll say that its least count is 1 cm

(b) Lets use an mm scale : (a scale on which mm marks are there)

We will measure length ""= 4.2 cm , which is a more closer measurement. Here also if we observe closely, we’ll find
that the length is a bit more than 4.2, but we cannot say its length to be 4.21, or 4.22, or 4.20 as this scale can measure
upto 0.1 cms (1 mm) only, not closer than that.

* It (this scale) can measure upto 0.1 cm accuracy

Its least count is 0.1 cm

Max uncertainty in ""can be = 0.1cm

Max possible error in "" can be = 0.1cm

Measurement of length = 4.2 cm. has two significant figures ; 4 and 2 , in which 4 is absolutely correct , and 2 is
reasonably correct (Doubtful) because uncertainty of 0.1 cm is there.

(c) We can use Vernier callipers : ( which can measure more closely, upto 0.01 cm )
Then we’ll measure length "" = 4.23 cm which is more closer measurement.

* It can measure upto 0.01 cm accuracy

Least count = 0.01 cm Max uncertainty in "" can be = 0.01cm
Max possible error in "" can be = 0.01cm

Measurement of length = 4.23 cm. has three significant figures ; 4 , 2 and 3, in which 4 and 2 are absolutely correct ,
and 3 is reasonable correct (Doubtful) because uncertainty of 0.01 cm is there.
To get further more closer measurement :-

(d) We can use Screw Gauge : ( which can measure more closely, upto 0.001 cm )

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 Measurement Error
we’ll measure length l = 4.234 cm.
* Max possible uncertainty (error) in l can be = 0.001 cm
* length = 4.234 cm. has four significant figures ; 4 , 2 , 3 and 4.

absolutely absolutely absolutely Reasonably

correct correct correct correct
To get further more closer measurement

(e) We can Use microscope :

we’ll measure length l = 4.2342 cm.

* Max possible uncertainty (error) in l can be = 0.0001cm
* length = 4.2342cm. has five significant figures ; 4 , 2 , 3 ,4 and 2

2. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
From the above example , we can conclude that ,in a measured quantity,
Significant figures are = Figures which are absolutely correct + The first uncertain figure
2.1 Common rules of counting significant figures :
Rule 1 :
All non-zero digits are significant
e.i.123.56 has five S.F.
Rule 2 :
All zeros occurring between two non-zeros digits are significant (obviously)
e.i. 1230.05 has six S.F.
Rule 3 :

So trailing zeroes after decimal place are significant (Shows the further accuracy)

Once a measurement is done, significant figures will be decided according to closeness of measurement. Now if we
want to display the measurement in some different units, the S.F. shouldn’t change (S.F. depends only on accuracy of
measurement)
Number of S.F. is always conserved, change of units cannot change S.F.

Suppose measurement was done using mm scale, and we get  = 85 mm (Two S. F.)
If we want to display it in other units.
85 m m 8 .5 cm 0 .0 8 5 m

8 5 0 0 0 mm 0 .0 0 0 0 8 5 k m
–5
= 8 .5 × 1 0 4 mm = 8 .5 × 1 0 k m
All should have two S.F.

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 Measurement Error
The following rules support the conservation of S.F.
Rule 4:
From the previous example, we have seen that,
0.000085 km also should has two S.F.

Not significant ; 8 and 5, So leading Zeros are not significant.

In the number less than one, all zeros after decimal point and to the left of first non-zero digit are insignificant
(arises only due to change of unit)
0.000305 has three S.F.
 3.05 × 10–4 has three S.F.
Rule 5 :
From the previous example, we have also seen that
85000 m should also has two S.F.

Not significant , 8 and 5. So the trailing zeros are also not significant.
The terminal or trailing zeros in a number without a decimal point are not significant. (Also arises only due to
change of unit)
154 m = 15400 cm = 15400 mm
= 154 × 109 nm
all has only three S.F. all trailing zeros are insignificant
Rule 6 :
There are certain measurement, which are exact i.e.

Number of apples are = 12 (exactly) = 12.000000........... 

This type of measurement is infinitely accurate so, it has  S.F.
* Numbers of students in class = 125 (exact)
* Speed of light in the vacuum = 299,792,458 m/s (exact)

Example 1. Count total number of S.F. in 3.0800

Solution : S.F. = Five , as trailing zeros after decimal place are significant.

Example 2. Count total number of S.F. in 0.00418

Solution : S.F. = Three, as leading zeros are not significant.

Example 3. Count total number of S.F. in 3500

Solution : S.F. = Two, the trailing zeros are not significant.

Example 4. Count total number of S.F. in 300.00

Solution : S.F. = Five, trailing zeros after decimal point are significant.

Example 5. Count total number of S.F. in 5.003020

Solution : S.F. = Seven, the trailing zeros after decimal place are significant.

Example 6. Count total number of S.F. in 6.020 × 1023

Solution : S.F. = Four ; 6, 0, 2, 0 ; remaining 23 zeros are not significant.

Example 7.
Count total number of S.F. in 1.60 × 10–19
Solution : S.F. = Three ; 1, 6, 0 ; remaining 19 zeros are not significant.

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 Measurement Error

2.2 Operations according to significant figures:

Now lets see how to do arithmetic operations ie. addition, subtraction, multiplication and division according to
significant figures
(a) Addition  subtraction
For this, lets consider the example given below.
In a simple pendulum, length of the thread is measured ( from mm scale) as 75.4 cm. and the radius of the bob is
measured (from vernier) as 2.53 cm.
Find eq =  + r

= 7 5 .4 c m
= 7 5 .4 ? cm

r = 2 .5 3 cm

is known upto 0.1 cm( first decimal place) only. We don’t know what is at the next decimal place. So we can write 
=75.4 cm = 75.4? cm and the radius r = 2.53 cm.
If we add and r, we don’t know which number will be added with 3. So we have to leave that position.
 eq = 75.4? + 2.53 = 77.9? cm = 77.9 cm
Rules for Addition  subtraction : (based on the previous example)
*First do the addition/subtraction in normal manner.
*Then round off all quantities to the decimal place of least accurate quantity.

i.e.
Rules for Multiply  Division
Suppose we have to multiply 2.11 x 1.2 = 2.11 ? x 1.2 ?
2 . 11 ?
x 1.2 ?
? ???
4 2 2?x
211 ?xx
2.5 ? ? ? ? = 2.5
So answer will come in least significant figures out of the two numbers.

 Multiply divide in normal manner.

 Round off the answer to the weakest link (number having least S.F.)

Example 8. A cube has a side  = 1.2 × 10–2 m. Calculate its volume

Solution :  = 1.2 × 10–2
V = 3 = (1.2 × 10–2) (1.2 × 10–2) (1.2 × 10–2)
Two S.F. Two S.F. Two S.F.
= 1.728 × 10–6 m3

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 Measurement Error

Round off to 2 S.F.

= 1.7 × 10–6 m3 Ans.

Rules of Rounding off

 If removable digit is less than 5 (50%) ; drop it.

47.833 47.8
 If removable digit is greater than 5(50%), increase the last digit by 1.

47.862 47.9

Example 9. In ohm’s law exp., reading of voltmeter across the resistor is 12.5 V and reading of current
i = 0.20 Amp. Estimate the resistance in correct S.F.
V 1 2 .5 3 SF
R = = = 6 2 .5  62 
i 0 .2 0 2 SF ro u n d o ff
Solution : to 2 S .F.

Example 10. Using screw gauge radius of wire was found to be 2.50 mm. The length of wire found by mm. scale is 50.0 cm.
If mass of wire was measured as 25 gm, the density of the wire in correct S.F will be
(use = 3.14 exactly )

Solution : = = = 2.5465

3. LEAST COUNT :
We have studied (from page 1 ) that no measurement is perfect. Every instrument can measure upto a certain accuracy;
called least count.

4. PERMISSIBLE ERROR
Error in measurement due to the limitation (least count) of the instrument, is called permissible error.

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 Measurement Error
From mm scale  we can measure upto 1 mm accuracy (least count = 1mm). From this we will get measurement like 
= 34 mm

Max uncertainty can be 1 mm.

Max permissible error () = 1 mm.
But if from any other instrument, we get  = 34.5 mm then max permissible error () = 0.1 mm and if from a more
accurate instrument, we get  = 34.527 mm then max permissible error () = 0.001
mm = place value of last number

Max permissible error in a measured quantity = least count of the measuring instrument and if nothing is given
about least count then Max permissible error = place value of the last number

5. MAX. PERMISSIBLE ERROR IN RESULT DUE TO ERROR IN EACH

MEASURABLE QUANTITY
Let Result f(x, y) contains two measurable quantity x and y
Let error in x = ± x i.e. x  (x – x, x + x)
error in y = ± y i.e. y  (y – y, y + y)

Case : () If f(x, y) = x + y

df = dx + dy
error in f = f = ± x ± y
max possible error in f = (f)max = max of (± x ± y)
(f)max = x + y

Case : () If f = x – y
df = dx – dy
(f) = ± x  y
max possible error in f = (f)max = max of (± x  y)
 (f)max = x + y

For getting maximum permissible error, sign should be adjusted, so that errors get added up to give maximum
effect
i.e.f = 2x – 3y - z
(f)max = 2x + 3y + z

Example 11. In resonance tube exp. we find 1 = 25.0 cm and 2 = 75.0 cm. The least count of of the scale used to
measure  is 0.1 cm. If there is no error in frequency. What will be max permissible error in speed of sound
(take f0 = 325 Hz.)
Solution : V = 2f0 (2 – 1)
(dV) = 2f0 (d2 – d1)
(V)max = max of [2f0(± 2  2] = 2f0 (2 + 1)
1 = least count of the scale = 0.1 cm
2 = least count of the scale = 0.1 cm
So max permissible error in speed of sound (V)max = 2(325Hz) (0.1 cm + 0.1 cm) = 1.3 m/s
Value of V = 2f0 (2 – 1) = 2(325Hz) (75.0 cm - 25.0 cm) = 325 m/s
so V = ( 325 ± 1.3 ) m/s

Case () If f(x, y, z) = (constant) xaybzc
to scatter all the terms, Lets take log on both sides
n f = n(constant) + a n x + b n y + c n z

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 Measurement Error

Differentiating both sides

=0+a +b +c

=±a ±b ±c

= max of (± a ±b ±c )
i.e. f = 15 x2 y–3/2 z–5

=0+2 – –5

= ± 2  5

= max of (± 2  5 )

=2 + +5

 sign should be adjusted, so that errors get added up

Example 12. If measured value of resistance R = 1.05 , wire diameter d = 0.60 mm, and length  = 75.3 cm. If
maximum error in resistance measurement is 0.01  and least count of diameter and length measuring

device are 0.01 mm and 0.1 cm respectively, then find max. permissible error in resistivity  =

Solution : = +2 +
R = 0.01 
d = 0.01 mm (least count)
 = 0.1 cm (least count)

= +2 + × 100 = 4.3 %.

Example 13. In ohm’s law experiment, potential drop across a resistance was measured as v = 5.0 volt and current
was measured as i = 2.0 amp. If least count of the voltmeter and ammeter are 0.1 V and 0.01A respectively
then find the maximum permissible error in resistance.

Solution : R= = v × i–1

= +
v = 0.1 volt (least count)
i = 0.01 amp (least count)

% = × 100 % = 2.5 %

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 Measurement Error
Example 14. In Searle’s exp to find Young’s modulus, the diameter of wire is measured as D = 0.050 cm, length of wire
is L = 125 cm, and when a weight, m = 20.0 kg is put, extension in the length of the wire was found to be
0.100 cm. Find maximum permissible error in young’s modulus (Y).

Solution : =Y( )  Y=

= + +2 +
here no information of least count is given so maximum permissible error in  = place value of last number.
m = 20.0 kg  m = 0.1 kg (place value of last number )
 = 125 cm   = 1 cm (place value of last number )
d = 0.050 cm  d = 0.001 cm (place value of last number )
x = 0.100 cm  x = 0.001 cm (place value of last number )

= = 6.3 %
Example 15. To find the value of ‘g’ using simple pendulum. T = 2.00 sec; = 1.00 m was measured. Estimate
maximum permissible error in ‘g’. Also find the value of ‘g’ . ( use 2 = 10 )

Solution : T = 2  g=

= +2 = × 100 %. =2%

value of g = = = 10.0 m/s2

= 2/100 so so (g)max = 0.2 = max error in ‘g’

so ‘g’ = (10.0 ± 0.2 ) m/s 2


OTHER TYPES OF ERRORS :
1. Error due to external Causes :
These are the errors which arise due to reasons beyond the control of the experimentalist, e.g., change in room
temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, variation of the acclectrion due to gravity etc. A suitable correction can,
however, be applied for these errors if the factors affecting the result are also recorded.

2. Instrumental errors :
Every instrument, however cautiously manufactured, possesses imperfection to some extent. As a result of this
imperfection, the measurements with the instrument cannot be free from errors. Errors, however small, do occur owing
to the inherent manufacturing defects in the measuring instruments are called instrumental errors. These errors are of
constant magnitude and suitable corrections can be applied for these errors. e.i.. Zero errors in vernier callipers, and
screw gauge, backlash errors in screw gauge etc

3. Personal or chance error :

Two observers using the same experiment set up, do not obtain exactly the same result. Even the observations of a
single experimentalist differ when it is repeated several times by him or her. Such errors always occur inspire of the best
and honest efforts on the part of the experimentalist and are known as personal errors. These errors are also called
chance errors as they depend upon chance. The effect of the chance error on the result can be considerably reduced by
taking a large number of observations and then taking their mean. How to take mean, is described in next point.

4. Errors in Averaging :
Suppose to measure some quantity, we take several observations, a1, a2, a3…. an .To find the absolute error in
each measurement and percentage error , we have to follow these steps

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 Measurement Error
(a) First of all mean of all the observations is calculated : a mean= (a1+ a2 +a3 +…+ an) / n. The mean of these values is
taken as the best possible value of the quantity under the given conditions of measurements..
(b) Absolute Error : The magnitude of the difference between the best possible or mean value of the quantity
and the individual measurement value is called the absolute error of the measurement. The absolute error in an
individual value is:
an = | amean  an |
The arithmetic mean of all the absolute errors is taken as the final or mean absolute error.
amean = (|a1| + |a2| + |a3|+...........+|an|)/n

amean =
we can say amean  amean  a  amean + amean
(c) Relative and Percentage Error
Relative error is the ratio of the mean absolute error and arithmetic mean .

Relative error =
When the relative error is expressed in percent, it is called the percentage error.
Thus,

Percentage error = × 100%

Example 16. In some observations, value of ‘g’ are coming as 9.81, 9.80, 9.82, 9.79, 9.78, 9.84, 9.79, 9.78, 9.79 and 9.80
m/s2. Calculate absolute errors and percentage error in g.
Solution :
S.N. Value of g Absolute error g = |gi – g |
1 9.81 0.01
2 9.80 0.00
3 9.82 0.02
4 9.79 0.01
5 9.78 0.02
6 9.84 0.04
7 9.79 0.01
8 9.78 0.02
9 9.79 0.01
10 9.80 0.00

gmean =  gi
10
gmean = 9.80
0.14
= = 0.014
10

percentage error = = × 100 % = 0.14 %

so ‘g’ = ( 9.80 ± 0.014 ) m/s2

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 Measurement Error

PART-I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

SECTION (A) : UNITS

1. One watt-hour is equivalent to -
(1) 3.6 × 103 Joule (2) 3.6 × 10–3 Joule (3) 6.3 × 103 Joule (4) 6.3 × 10–3 Joule

2. Which of the following is not equal to watt -

(1) Joule/second (2) Ampere×volt (3) (Ampere)2×ohm (4) Ampere/volt

3. Which of the following is not the unit of length :

(1) micron (2) light year (3) angstrom (4) radian

4. Unit of Stiffen’s constant is :-

(1) Watt –m2 4
–K (2) Watt –m2 –K4 (3) Watt /m2 –K (4) Watt /m2 K4

5 The S.I. unit of gravitaional potenital is

(1) J
(2) J . kg -1 (3) J - kg (4) J - kg -2

6. Length cannot be measured by

(1) Fermi (2) Debye (3) Micron (4) Light year

7. The Value of Plancks Constant is

(1) 6.63 ×10 -34 J-sec (2) 6.63×1034 J/sec (4) 6.63 ×10 -34 kg - M2 (4) 6.63 ×1034 kg / sec

8. Faraday is the unit of

(1) Charge (2) emf (3) Mass (4) Energy

9. Curie is a unit of -
(1) half life (2) radioactivity (3) intensity of -rays (4) energy of -rays

10. Hertz is a unit of-

(1) Force (2) Acceleration (3) Frequency (4) Flux

11. Light year is a unit of-

(1) Time (2) Mass (3) Distance (4) Energy

12. S unit of pressure is-

(1) Pascal (2) Dyne/cm2 (3) cm of Hg (4) Atmosphere

13. Which of the following is not a fundamental unit –

(1) Kelvin (2) Second (3) Candela (4) Kilogram weight

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 Measurement Error
14. If n is number and u is the unit of a physical quantity then which of the following is correct for the measurement of "n"-

(1) n  size of u (2) n  u2 (3) n   (4) n  

15. In C.G.S. system the magnitude of the force is 100 dynes. In another system where the fundamental physical quantities
are kilogram, meter and minute, the magnitude of the force is-
(1) 0.036 (2) 0.36 (3) 3.6 (4) 36
16. Pick out the right choice S2 = at4. Here S is measured in meters, t in second. Then the unit of ‘a’ is-
(1) ms–2 (2) ms2 (3) m2s4 (4) m2s–4

17. The units of angular momentum are-

(1) kg-m2/s2 (2) joules-s (3) joules/s (4) kg-m s–2

18. 1eV is equal to -

(1) 10 erg (2) 1.6 × 10–12 erg (3) 1.6 × 10–13 erg (4) 1.6 × 10–19 erg

19. The ratio of S.I. units to the C.G.S units of ‘G’ is -

(1) 10–2 (2) 10–3 (3) 102 (4) 103

20. Time taken by light to travel from sun to the earth is approximately -
(1) 8 seconds (2) 8 hours (3) 8 minutes (4) 8 days

21. If the units M and L are increased three times, then the units of energy will be increased by -
(1) 3 times (2) 6 times (3) 27 times (4) 81 times

22. The SI unit of length is the meter. Suppose we adopt a new unit of length which equals to x meters. The area 1m 2
expressed in terms of the new unit has a magnitude -

(1) x (2) x2 (3) (4)

23. Luminous flux is expressed in -
(1) Lux (2) Weber (3) Candela (4) Lumen

24. The ratio of S.I. to C.G.S units for Stefan’s constant is -

(1) (2) (3) 100 (4) 1000

25. If the units of ML are doubled then the unit of kinetic energy will become -
(1) 8 times (2) 16 times (3) 4 times (4) 2 times

26. Which of the following in not the unit of time -

(1) leap year (2) lunar month (3) solar day (4) parallactic second

27. Unit of impulse is :

(1) Newton (2) kg-m (3) kg- m/s (4) Joule

28. Which of the following is not the unit of time-

(1) Micro second (2) Shake (3) Lunar months (4) Parallactic second

29. The unit of permittivity of free space  is :-

(1) Newton metre2/Coulomb2 (2) Coulomb/Newton metre
(3)Coulomb2 /Newton metre2 (4) Coulomb2 / (Newton metre)2

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 Measurement Error
SECTION (B) : DIMENSIONS

1. The unit of is the same as that of (where T is tension and m is mass/length) -

(1) Frequency (2) Time period (3) Wave-length (4) Wave number

2. Which of the following is not dimensionally correct– (T = tension, m = mass/length, s = distance, h = height)

(1) s = at2 (2) (3) (4)

3. Which of the following set have different dimensions?
(1) Pressure, Young’s modulus, Stress (2) Emf, Potential difference, Electric potential
(3) Heat, Work done, Energy (4) Dipole moment, Electric flux, Electric field
4. The dimensional formula for magnetic flux is :
(1) [ML2T–2A–1] (2) [ML3T–2A–2] (3) [M0L–2T2A–2] (4) [ML2T–1A2]

5. The dimension of Planck constant equals to that of :

(1) Energy (2) Momentum (3) Angular momentum (4) Power

6. The dimensions of universal gravitational constant are :-

(1) ML2T–1 (2) M–2L3T–2 (3) M–2L2T–1 (4) M–1L3T–2

7.
The dimensional formula of angular velocity is
(1) MO O -1
L T (2) MLT -1 (3) MOLOT1 (4) MLOT-1

8. Dimension formula for angular momentum is

(1)
ML2T -2 (2) ML2T - 1 (3) MLT -1 (4) MOL2T -2

9. Which of the following pair does not have similar dimensions

(1) Stress and pressure (2) Angle and strain
(3) Tension and surface tension (4) planck’s constant and angular momentum

10. Pressure gradient has the same dimesion as that of

(1) Velocity gradient (2) Potenital gradient
(3) Energy gradient (4) None of these

11. Dimension of R is
(1) ML2 T-1 (2) ML2T-3 A-2 (3) ML-1 T-2 (4) None of these

12. “Pascal -Second ‘’has dimension of

(1) Force (2) Energy (3) Pressure (4) Coefficient of Viscosity

13. Which of the following is smallest unit

(1) Millimeter (2) Angstrom (3) Fermi (4) Meter

14. Which relation is wrong?

(1) 1 Calore = 4.18 Joules (2) 1Å = 10-10 m
(3) 1MeV = 1.6 ×10-13 Joules (4) 1 Newton =10 -5 Dynes

15. Identify the pair whose dimensions are equal

(1) Torque and work (2) Stress and energy
(3) Force and stress (4) Force and work

C2 CLASSES Bhagat Singh Colony

Cont- Opp- Laxmi Narayan Mandir
8168998984/9053533648
JEE/NEET/11th-12th/ Gohana Adda, Rohtak-124001
 Measurement Error
16. The physical quantities not having same dimensions are -
(1) stress and Young’s modulus (2) speed and (0 0)–1/2
(3) torque and work (4) momentum and Planck’s constant

17. Dimensions of 1/(0 0) where symbols have their usual meaning are -
(1) L2T–2 (2) L2T2 (3) L–1T (4) LT–1

18. In a given relation F = at 1 + bt2, F and t denote the force and the time respectively, then dimensions of a and b are
respectively as –
(1) M°L°T1, M°L°T–2 (2) M°L1T–2, M°L2T–2 (3) M1L1T–3, M1L1T–4 (4) M1L1T–1, M1L1T–2

19. Two quantities A and B have different dimensions. Which mathematical operation given below is physically meaningful-
(1) A/B (2) A + B (3) A – B (4) None

20. Dimensional formula for volume elasticity is-

(1) M2L–2T–2 (2) M1L–3T–2 (3) M1L2T–2 (4) M1L–1T–2

21. Position of a body with acceleration ‘a’ is given by x = Ka mtn, here t is time. Find dimension of m and n: (1) m = 1, n = 1
(2) m = 1, n = 2 (3) m = 2, n = 1 (4) m = 2, n = 2
22. The dimension of the ratio of angular momentum and linear momentum is -
(1) L° (2) L1 (3) L2 (4) MLT

23. Dimensions of Torque are-

(1) M1L2T–2 (2) M2L2T2 (3) M–1LT–1 (4) M–2L–2T–2

24. Out of the following which pair of quantities do not have same dimensions-
(1) Planck's constant and angular momentum. (2) Work and torque.
(3) Impulse and momentum. (4) Torque and moment of inertia

25. Dimensional formula of angular velocity is-

(1) M0L0T–1 (2) M1L1T–1 (3) M0L+1T–1 (4) M0L0T–2

26. Which of the following is dimensionless -

(1) universal gravitational constant (2) relative permittivity
(3) relative velocity (4) density

27. The physical quantity which has dimensional formula as that of is-
(1) Force (2) Power (3) Pressure (4) Acceleration

28. The dimensions of the Gravitational constant G are-

(1) ML–1T–1 (2) MLT2 (3) M–1L3T–2 (4) M2L–1T2

29. What will be the unit of c in the equation S = a + bt + ct2 if the units of S and t are meter and second respectively -
(1) meter (2) meter-sec–1 (3) meter-sec–2 (4) meter-sec

30. The dimensions of PV are equivalent to those of -

(1) Work (2) force (3) pressure (4) volume

31. The dimensions of mc2 are -

(1) MLT–1 (2) ML2T–1 (3) ML2T–2 (4) ML2T2

C2 CLASSES Bhagat Singh Colony

Cont- Opp- Laxmi Narayan Mandir
8168998984/9053533648
JEE/NEET/11th-12th/ Gohana Adda, Rohtak-124001
 Measurement Error

32. In the equation Sn = u + (2n + 1) the dimensions of Sn are -

(1) M0L1T0 (2) M0L1T–1 (3) M1L0T–1 (4) M0L1T–2

33. The dimensions of light year is -

(1) T (2) L (3) LT (4) T–1

34. Which of the following is dimensional constant -

(1) Refractive index (2) Poisson’s ratio (3) Relative density (4) Gravitational constant

35. Which of the following quantities is dimensionless -

(1) strain (2) relative density (3) angle (4) all of these
36. 2
If force F = at + bt where t denotes time, the dimensions of a and b shall be -
(1) MLT–3, ML2T4 (2) MLT–3, MLT–4 (3) MLT–1, MLT0 (4) MLT–4, MLT1

37. A and B are two physical quantities having different dimensions. Then which of the following operation is dimensionally
correct -

(1) A + B (2) log (3) (4) eA/B

38. For 10(at + 3) , the dimension of a is -
(1) M0L0T0 (2) M0L0T1 (3) M0L0T–1 (4) none of these

39. If velocity (V), time (T) and force (F) were chosen as fundamental quantities, the dimensions of mass will be-
(1) FTV (2) F–1TV (3) FTV–1 (4) FT–1V

40. If pressure P, velocity V and time T are taken as fundamental physical quantities, the dimensional formula of the force
is-
(1) PV2T2 (2) P–1V2T–2 (3) PVT2 (4) P–1VT2

41. A particle of masss m is suspended by a spring if frequency of its oscilation is n = cmxky here c is a constant then the
value of x and y are -

(1) x = ,y= (2) x = – ,y=– (3) x = – ,y= (4) x = ,y=–

42. The velocity of a freely falling body changes as g phq, where g is acceleration due to gravity and h is the height. The
value of p and q are-

(1) (2) (3) (4) 1, 1

43. In the formula V = Ebda, if V ; E and d are the velocity of longitudinal waves, bulk modulus of elasticity and density of the
gaseous medium respectively, then the values of a and b are respectively -

(1) and (2) and (3) and (4) and

44. If force (F), area (A) and density (D) are taken as the fundamental units, the dimensional representation of Youngs
modulus will be -
(1) F–1A–1D–2 (2) FA–2D–2 (3) FA–1D0 (4) FA–1D

45. A spherical body of mass m and radius r is allowed to fall in a medium of coefficient of viscosity . The time in which its
velocity rises to 0.63 times the critical velocity v is known as .  is dimensionally represented by

(1) mr2/6 (2) (3) m/6rv (4) none of the above

C2 CLASSES Bhagat Singh Colony

Cont- Opp- Laxmi Narayan Mandir
8168998984/9053533648
JEE/NEET/11th-12th/ Gohana Adda, Rohtak-124001
 Measurement Error
46. The dimensions of the coefficient of viscosity are -
(1) ML–1T–1 (2) MLT (3) M–1L–1T–1 (4) M0L0T0

47. The ratio of the dimension of Planck’s constant and that of the moment of inertia is the dimension of :-
(1) Velocity (2) Angular momentum (3) Time (4) Frequency

48. The dimensions of the coefficient of viscosity are -

(1) ML–1T–1 (2) MLT (3) M–1L–1T–1 (4) M0L0T0

EXERCISE - 1

SECTION (A)
1. (1) 2. (4) 3. (4) 4. (4) 5 (2) 6. (2) 7. (1)
8. (1) 9. (2) 10. (3) 11. (3) 12. (1) 13. (4) 14. (4)
15. (3) 16. (4) 17. (2) 18. (2) 19. (4) 20. (3) 21. (3)
22. (4) 23. (4) 24. (4) 25. (1) 26. (4) 27. (3) 28. (4)
29. (3)

SECTION (B)
1.
(1) 2. (3) 3. (4) 4. (1) 5. (3) 6. (4) 7. (3)

8. (2) 9. (3) 10. (4) 11. (2) 12. (4) 13. (1) 14. (4)
15. (1) 16. (4) 17. (1) 18. (3) 19. (1) 20. (4) 21. (2)
22. (2) 23. (1) 24. (4) 25. (1) 26. (2) 27. (4) 28. (3)

29. (3) 30. (1) 31. (3) 32. (1) 33. (2) 34. (4) 35. (4)
36. (2) 37. (3) 38. (3) 39. (3) 40. (1) 41. (3) 42. (2)
43. (1) 44. (3) 45. (4) 46. (1) 47. (4) 48. (1)

C2 CLASSES Bhagat Singh Colony

Cont- Opp- Laxmi Narayan Mandir
8168998984/9053533648
JEE/NEET/11th-12th/ Gohana Adda, Rohtak-124001