CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 System analysis

System analysis is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems
and using the information to recommend improvements on the system. System
analysis is a problem-solving activity that requires intensive communication between the
system users and system developers.
System analysis or study is an important phase of any system development process.
The system is studied to the minutest detail and analyzed. The system analyst plays the
role of an interrogator and dwells deep into the working of the present system. The
system is viewed as a whole and the inputs to the system are identified. The outputs
from the organization are traced through the various processing that the inputs
phase through in the organization. A detailed study of these processes must be
made by various techniques like Interviews, Questionnaires etc. The data collected by
these sources must be scrutinized to arrive to a conclusion. The conclusion is an
understanding of how the system functions. This system is called the existing
system. Now, the existing system is subjected to close study and the problem
areas are identified. The designer now functions as a problem solver and tries to sort out
the difficulties that the enterprise faces. The solutions are given as a proposal. The
proposal is then weighed with the existing system analytically and the best one is
selected. The proposal is presented to the user for an endorsement by the user. The
proposal is reviewed on user request and suitable changes are made. This loop ends as
soon as the user is satisfied with the proposal.

3.1 REQUIREMENT AND FEASIBIITY ANALYSIS

Prior to stating whether the system we have to develop is feasible or not we believe that
we should emphasize on what is implied by the word "Feasibility". Feasibility is the
measure of how beneficial or practical the development of the system will be to the
organization. It is a preliminary survey for the systems investigation. It aims to provide
information to facilitate a later in-depth investigation. The report produced at the end of
the feasibility study contains suggestions and reasoned arguments to help management
decide whether to commit further resources to the proposed project.
If and when the objectives of the system are met and the new system is approved, then
the more Specific details in the proposal should be considered and approved.

3.1.1 TYPES OF FEASIBILITY

There are various measures of feasibility that helps to decide whether a particular

project is feasible or not. These measures include-

Operational
Feasibility
Technical
Feasibility
Economical and Financial Feasibility
OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:

A proposed system is beneficial only if it can be turned into an information system that
will meet the Operational requirements of an organization. A system often fails if it
does not fit within existing Operations and if users resist the change.
Important issues a systems developer must look into are:

Will the new system be used if implemented in an organization?

Are there major barriers to implementation or is proposed
system accepted without destructive resistance?

The new system is more user-friendly, which enables the end-user to complete his/her
work efficiently and accurately with interest. After taking the above fact into
consideration we can state the operating of the proposed system within the organization
is feasible.

In this phase of the feasibility study the following two

 main topics Technical Performance Aspect
Acceptance within the organization

Technical performance aspect is explained in the technical feasibility report and there is
no new Information needed in this to explain it again, but as for the acceptance within
the organization the following points are important and those are explained according to
the topics

1. Whether the system provides right information to the right place.

In the current system, which is the semi computerized system the information
may be lost in the Process of sending from one place to another. This is mainly
due to human interaction in the process of transferring information from one
place to another.
2. Whether the new system affect the current users in the system.
SECURITY:

I. Security is a vital aspect when it comes to developing a system. The system should
ensure the facility of preventing unauthorized personnel from accessing the
information and the data within the system.
II. The system should provide total protection for each user's information so that the
integrity of data is sustained and also prevent hackers from hacking the system.
III. The proposed system ensures the security and the integrity of data. This is done by
providing a password login system for each authorized users. And for example the
System Administrator has access to all kinds of information.

ECONOMICAL AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY:

In making recommendations a study of the economics of the proposed system should be

made. The proposed system must be justifiable in terms of cost and benefit, to ensure
that the investment in a new/changed system provide a reasonable return.
According to the computerized system we propose, the costs can be broken down to two
categories.
1. Costs associated with the development of the system.
2. Costs associated with operating the system.

3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM

1. In the existing system all transactions, dealings of products, purchasing of

products were done manually which is time consuming.
2. Reports are prepared manually as and when needed. Maintaining of reports is
tedious task
3. To buy any product user has to collect information about it either by visiting the
shop or by asking people which is better.
4. There is no computer system for handling payments. All calculations are
performed manually which may not always be accurate. Maintaining records is
difficult.
5. Any internet user can use this existing website to search for any kind of
products, select particular product from wide range of products.
6. Once they make up their mind to purchase any particular thing they can place an
order and make payment through net banking.
7. The existing Farmer’s e-Market website is static which makes it less interactive.
It has a database connectivity. The home page, farmer interface,admin interface
and the user interface has been prepared.
8. The system information updates according to the changes in technology and
store products.
9. Master maintenance is done by admin who is responsible for every updation
required in the system.
10. In this system, the producer can update , sell and check details about their
products accordingly. They can put information about their products which are
to be displayed in the website
11. Buyer can avail benefits of the user friendly web based system in choosing
products available and buying them. Moreover the buyer can contact admin in
 case of faulty products.
12. Alerts and real time reporting through Emails(to both buyer and producer).
Buyer as well as producer can contact admin for any information required.
13. Management of wishlist is done where all items that are to be purchased can be
reviewed after the item is brought from wishlist.

3.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

Farmer’s E-market is online shopping website where buyer can buy farm produce
directly from farmers. Various types of farmer’s products are available for purchase at
reliable price. Farmer’s E-market basically focuses on user friendly interfaces and
promotes user to purchase the product faster.
It has registration facility and any information entered in registration table is very secure
and no one can access the information. Security is given utmost importance while
designing the website. If any user is not valid or involved in any kind of illegal work in
the website is blocked by the admin. Even the user is not activated unless admin
approves.
For any query buyer and producer both can contact admin through mail. They can
use this facility any time

The entire system comprises of 3 users as mentioned below:

a) Admin:

b) Buyers:

c) Local vendors(retailers)

d) Hotel owners

e) Schools / college canteens

f) Caterers

g) Restaurants
 h) Producer:
i) Farmer
One of the most important part, providing ‘TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES’ for
delivery of finished produce is under process. We could not think of any alternative
which is best suited for every individual user (from producers to buyers). But we have
managed to think of simple alternative in which buyer can ask for transportation facility
to admin or can avail the transportation all by himself. Since the information is stored
by admin of all the transportation company so the admin can keep track of delivery of
product to the buyer.

We have also implemented searching transportation company by city of Producers so

that delivery of products will become much easier.

Note:

Implementation of payment gateway could not be achieved. Instead we designed the

project in such a way so that transaction can be managed virtually where money is
directly paid to producer after the purchase of product by buyer deducting the required
amount from buyer’s account respectively.

Functionalities of the stalk holders:

1. Admin:

The Admin is the super user of the system. The Admin is responsible for maintaining
and managing the website.

The Admin is responsible for checking every single transaction, from

updation of produce by farmers to selling of produce to buyers.

Functionalities:

a. Admin can change the status while registration of the producer after
checking all his document , he can accordingly change the status to active ,
 pending and block . The producer can only can access the website if his
status is active henceforth making the website more secure .
b. Registration of producers and buyers after verification of given
documents, data checking, adding crops, adding transportation company
and transaction.

c. Updating the website details(back end) which includes updating

information in the tables accordingly whenever there is change made.

d. Fixing appropriate price of farm products accordingly.

e. Updating programmes and schemes initiated by the Government for farmers.

f. Stores details about buyers and producers for future reference.

g. Admin add crops uploaded by farmers after proper verification.

2. Buyers:

Online farmers market helps you work with farms and food hubs all in one place.

Maintain and manage existing relationships, discover and create new ones and

bring the efficiency of an online system to your local food sourcing.

Functionalities:

Robust product search and detailed product information.

Produces profiles that include farm specialties and growing methods.

Real time availability lists with price and inventory levels.

Pay throughnet banking

Place orders and access invoices and order history in your account
 Streamlined communications with products

Automatic generation of receiving slips and invoices

3. Producers:

A profile page, robust tools for managing orders and customers, marketing farm,

managing deliveries

Functionalities:

Manage orders and customers

 Accept orders online, keep track of past sales

 Work with existing buyers as well as new ones

 Automatically send buyers invoices and receipts

1. Marketing farm

 Increase online exposure

 Activate or deactivate items as season changes

2. Manage deliveries:

 Connect with third party for transportation facility provided by admin

3. Manage financials:

 Implementation of net banking

 Keep track of buyers payments and past sales

3.5 SYSTEM DESIGN

System design is the solution to the creation of a new system. This phase is composed of
several systems. This phase focuses on the detailed implementation of the feasible
system. It emphasis on translating design specifications to performance specification.
System design has two phases of development logical and physical design.

During logical design phase the analyst describes inputs (sources), out puts
(destinations), databases (data sores) and procedures (data flows) all in a format that
meets the user requirements. The analyst also specifies the user needs and at a level that
virtually determines the information flow in and out of the system and the data
resources. Here the logical design is done through data flow diagrams and database
design.

The physical design is followed by physical design or coding. Physical design produces
the working system by defining the design specifications, which tell the programmers
exactly what the candidate system must do. The programmers write the necessary
programs that accept input from the user, perform necessary processing on accepted
data through call and produce the required report on a hard copy or display it on the
screen.

3.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data

through an information system, modelling its process aspects. A DFD is often used as a
preliminary step to create an overview of the system, which can later be elaborated.
DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design).

A DFD shows what kind of information will be input to and output from the system,
where the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It does not
show information about the timing of process or information about whether processes
will operate in sequence or in parallel.

3.2 DATABASE DESIGN:

The overall objective in the development of database technology has been to treat data
as an organizational resource and as an integrated whole. DBMS allow data to be
protected and organized separately from other resources. Database is an integrated
collection of data. The most significant form of data as seen by the programmers is data
as stored on the direct access storage devices. This is the difference between logical and
physical data.

Database files are the key source of information into the system. It is the process of
designing database files, which are the key source of information to the system.
The files should be properly designed and planned for collection, accumulation,
editing and retrieving the required information.
The organization of data in database aims to achieve three major
objectives: - (a). Data integration.

(b). Data integrity.

(c). Data independence.

The proposed system stores the information relevant for processing in the MS SQL
SERVER database. This database contains tables, where each table corresponds to one
particular type of information. Each piece of information in table is called a field or
column. A table also contains records, which is a set of fields. All records in a table
have the same set of fields with different information. There are primary key fields
that uniquely identify a record in a table. There are also fields that contain primary
key from another table called foreign keys.

3.2.1 NORMALIZATION

Normalization is a technique of separating redundant fields and braking up a large table

in to a smaller one. It is also used to avoid insertion, deletion and updating anomalies.
All the tables have been normalized up to the third normal form. In short the rules for
each of the three normal forms are as below.

(a). First normal form:

A relation is said to be in 1NF if all the under lying domain of attributes

contain simple individual values.

(b).Second normal form:

The 2NF is based on the concept of full functional dependency. A relation said to be in
2NF if and only if it is in 1NF and every non-key attribute is fully functionally
dependent on candidate key of the table.

(c).Third normal form:

The 3NF is based on the concept of transitive dependency. A relation in 2NF is said to
be in 3NF if every non-key attribute is non-transitively.

3.5. ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM :

Fig. 3.1: Entity Relationship Diagram

3.5. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) OF THE PROJECT:
1. Context Analysis Diagram ( CAD) or level 0 DFD

Fig. 3. 2: Context Analysis Diagram ( CAD)

or level 0 DFD

2. Data Flow Diagram (DFD)(Level 1)

Fig. 3.3: Data flow diagram (level 1)
 3. Data Flow Diagram (DFD)(Level 2)

Add new crop 0.4.1

Admin confirm Add Crop Store data AddCropFarmerTabe

confirm
0.4.2
Delete crop
Delete Crop

Fig. 3.4: level 2 DFD of Admin

Add crop
0.16.1

Buyer confirm Add to wishlist Store data Wishlist Table

confirm
confirm
0.16.2
fromwsihlistRemove crop
Delete from
wihslist
give order

0.16.3

Give order

Fig. 3.5: level 2 DFD for Buyer (Order)

 4. Data Flow Diagram (DFD)(Level 2)

Add new crop 0.4.1

Admin confirm Add Crop Store data AddCropFarmerTabe

confirm
0.4.2
Delete crop
Delete Crop

Fig. 3.4: level 2 DFD of Admin

Add crop
0.16.1

Buyer confirm Add to wishlist Store data Wishlist Table

confirm
confirm
0.16.2
fromwsihlistRemove crop
Delete from
wihslist
give order

0.16.3

Give order

Fig. 3.5: level 2 DFD for Buyer (Order)

3.6 TABLE DESIGN:

There are mainly 9 inter-related tables through which the data is flowing. The
description of tables are given below:

1. BUYER REGISTRATION TABLE:

All the details of the buyer such as name, address, email-id, contact number,
account number, aadhar number, and license number would be available in
this table. In this Table BID is the primary key. All the fields and data type of
this table is shown below:

Fig. 3.8: Buyer Registration Table

2. FARMER REGISTRATION TABLE:

All the details of the Producer such as name, address, email-id, contact number,
account number, aadhar number, and KCC number would be available in this table. In
this Table PID is the primary key. All the fields and data type of this table is shown
below:
 Fig 3.9: Farmers Registration Table

3. TRANSACTION TABLE:

Transaction table stores information about account number of buyer and producer with
their unique id which is used for transferring money from buyer’s account to producer’s
account after successful transaction. All the fields and data type of this table is shown
below:

Fig 3.10: Transaction Table

4. ADD CROP (ADMIN) TABLE:

All the details of adding crop by farmer such as date of adding, crop id, crop name, and
range of crop price would be available in this table. In this table, CropID is the primary
key. All the fields and data type of this table is shown below:

Fig 3.11: Add Crop Table

3.7 FLOWCHART DESIGN

Figure 3.6 System flowchart

Figure 3.7 Farmer Buyer Linker UML Diagram
Figure 3.8 System Architecture
 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM OUTPUT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 FEATURES OF SOFTWARE

4.1.1 JAVASCRIPT - FRONT END

JAVASCRIPT is not just a simple upgrade or the latest version of JAVASCRIPT

combines unprecedented developer productivity with performance, reliability, and
deployment. JAVASCRIPT redesigns the whole process. It's still easy to grasp for new
comers but it provides many new ways of managing projects. Below are the features of
JAVASCRIPT:-

(A). Easy programming model:

JAVASCRIPT makes building real world Web applications dramatically easier.
JAVASCRIPT server controls enable an HTML-like style of declarative programming
that let you build great pages with far less code than with classic ASP. Displaying data,
validating user input, and uploading files are all amazingly easy. Best of all,
JAVASCRIPT pages work in all browsers including Netscape, Opera, AOL, and
Internet Explorer.

(B). Flexible Language Options:

JAVASCRIPT lets you leverage your current programming language skills. Unlike
classic ASP, which supports only interpreted VBScript and J Script, JAVASCRIPT
now supports more than 25
.NET languages (built-in support for VB.NET, C#, and JScript.NET), giving us
unprecedented flexibility in the choice of language.

(C). Great Tool Support:

We can harness the full power of JAVASCRIPT using any text editor, even Notepad.
But Visual Studio .NET adds the productivity of Visual Basic-style development to the
Web. Now we can visually design JAVASCRIPT Web Forms using familiar drag-
drop-double click techniques, and

enjoy full-fledged code support including statement completion and color-coding. VS

Code also provides integrated support for debugging and deploying JAVASCRIPT
Web applications. The Enterprise versions of Visual Studio code deliver life-cycle
features to help organizations plan, analyze, design, build, test, and coordinate teams
that develop JAVASCRIPT Web applications. These include UML class modeling,
database modeling (conceptual, logical, and physical models), testing tools (functional,
performance and scalability), and enterprise frameworks and templates, all available
within the integrated Visual Studio .NET environment.

(D). Rich Class Framework:

Application features that used to be hard to implement, or required a 3rd-party
component, can now be added in just a few lines of code using the Nextjs The Nextjs
Framework offers over 4500 classes that encapsulate rich functionality like XML, data
access, file upload, regular expressions, image generation, performance monitoring and
logging, transactions, message queuing, SMTP mail, and much more. With Improved
Performance and Scalability JAVASCRIPT lets we use serve more users with the same
hardware.

(E). Compiled execution:

JAVASCRIPT is much faster than classic ASP, while preserving the "just hit save"
update model of ASP. However, no explicit compile step is required. JAVASCRIPT
will automatically detect any changes, dynamically compile the files if needed, and store
the compiled results to reuse for subsequent requests. Dynamic compilation ensures that
the application is always up to date, and compiled execution makes it fast. Most
applications migrated from classic ASP see a 3x to 5x increase in pages served.

(F). Rich output caching:

JAVASCRIPT output caching can dramatically improve the performance and scalability
of the application. When output caching is enabled on a page, JAVASCRIPT executes
the page just once, and saves the result in memory in addition to sending it to the user.
When another user requests the same page, JAVASCRIPT serves the cached result
from memory without re-executing the page.

Output caching is configurable, and can be used to cache individual regions or an entire
page. Output caching can dramatically improve the performance of data-driven pages by
eliminating the need to query the database on every request.

(G). Enhanced Reliability:

JAVASCRIPT ensures that the application is always available to the users.

(H). Memory Leak, Dead Lock and Crash Protection:

JAVASCRIPT automatically detects and recovers from errors like deadlocks and
memory leaks to ensure our application is always available to our users. For example,
say that our application has a small memory leak, and that after a week the leak has tied
up a significant percentage of our server's virtual memory. JAVASCRIPT will detect
this condition, automatically start up another copy of the JAVASCRIPT worker process,
and direct all new requests to the new process. Once the old process has finished
processing its pending requests, it is gracefully disposed and the leaked memory is
released. Automatically, without administrator intervention or any interruption of
service, JAVASCRIPT has recovered from the error.

(I). Easy Deployment:

JAVASCRIPT takes the pain out of deploying server applications. "No touch"
application deployment. JAVASCRIPT dramatically simplifies installation of our
application. With JAVASCRIPT, we can deploy an entire application as easily as an
HTML page, just copy it to the server. No need to run regsvr32 to register any
components, and configuration settings are stored in an XML file within the
application.

(J). Dynamic update of running application:

JAVASCRIPT now lets us update compiled components without restarting the web
server. In the past with classic COM components, the developer would have to restart
the web server each time he deployed an update. With JAVASCRIPT, we simply copy
the component over the existing DLL, JAVASCRIPT will automatically detect the
change and start using the new code.

4.1.2 PHP - BACKEND END:

In brief, PHP a next generation of high-level programming language introduced web

server side coding. Similar to previous server-side scripting technologies, PHP allows us
to build powerful, reliable, and scalable distributed applications. Laravel is based on the
PHP framework and uses the web app features and tools to develop Web applications
and Web services. Even though PHP sounds like Laravel and syntaxes are compatible
with PHP but Laravel is much more than that. It provides many features and tools,
which let you develop more reliable and scalable, Web applications and Web services in
less time and resources.

4.1.3 MYSQL SERVER 2000 - BACK END

Microsoft M Y SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by

Microsoft. As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of
storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications which may run
either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the
Internet).

Microsoft markets at least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL Server, aimed at
different audiences and for workloads ranging from small single-machine applications
to large Internet- facing applications with many concurrent users.

SQL Server uses as its primary query languages T-SQL and ANSI SQL
4.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Specifications

Operatig System Windows 7/8/8.1/10/11

Browser Internet Explorer/Google Chrome

Database MySQL server

Technology JAVASCRIPT,NEXTJS,
LARAVEL,PHP

4.3 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Specifications

Hard Disk Drive 500GB

Processor 1.8GHz

RAM 4GB

4.4 SYSTEM OUTPUT

SCREEN SHOTS:

HOME PAGE:

Home page is the start page of this project. From here, user can navigate to any other page.
ABOUT FARMERS:

About farmers page highlights the details of farmers and the importance of agriculture in india.

ADMIN WEBPAGES:

ADMIN LOGIN PAGE:

Admin login page from where admin can navigate to any other page and check details.
ADD CROP:

Admin can add crop in this page which will be available to buyer for purchase.

BUYER’S INFORMATION:

This page stores all the information on farmers who have registered and uploaded their
products.
DISPLAY PRODUCT DETAILS:

This page gives all the detailed information about the crops uploaded by farmers
which admin can check

TRANSACTION DETAILS:

This page stores all the detailed information about transaction which admin can check
and keep track of all the transaction occurring.

BUYER’S WEBPAGES

BUYER’S REGISTRATION PAGE:

Registration page stores all the detailed information of producer’s and registration is
successful only after verification of admin. If the user is blocked in any case then the
registration of the producer fails.
BUYER’S LOGIN PAGE:

Buyer can login through this page. Login is successful only after verification done by admin.
BUYER’S PAGE :

The buyer’s page is the main page which the producer will enter after successful
login. From here, producer can navigate to any other page.
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY
The project aimed to develop a web application designed to facilitate direct connections
between farmers and buyers, addressing challenges faced by both parties in the
agricultural market. Farmers often struggle with market access and fair pricing for their
produce, while buyers may find it difficult to source fresh, quality products directly
from local farms. The proposed web application serves as a platform where farmers can
showcase their products, manage inventory, and communicate directly with potential
buyers. The application includes features such as user profiles, product listings, secure
payment options, and a rating system to ensure trust and transparency.

5.2 CONCLUSION
The project report entitled "Linking Farmer’s/Buyers E-Market" is developed to link
farmers to buyers. The development of this web application presents a significant
opportunity to enhance the agricultural supply chain by eliminating intermediaries,
which often leads to increased costs for consumers and reduced profits for farmers. By
providing a user-friendly interface and essential features tailored to the needs of farmers
and buyers, the application has the potential to foster a more efficient, transparent, and
sustainable marketplace. Initial feedback from potential users has been overwhelmingly
positive, indicating a strong demand for such a platform. The important thing is that the
system is robust. We have tried our level best to make the site as dynamic as possible.
Also provision is provided for future developments in the system. The entire system is
secured. This online system is made keeping in mind all pros and cons.

The internet has become major source in modern business, thus electronic shopping has
gained significance not only from the entrepreneur’s but also from the customer’s point
of view. For the entrepreneur, electronic shopping generates new business opportunities
and for the customer, it makes comparative shopping possible. As per the survey, most
consumers of online stores are impulsive and usually make a decision to stay on a site
within the first few seconds. We have designed the project to provide the user with easy
navigation, retrieval of data and necessary feedback as much possible. A good design
must be accompanied with a user-friendly application logic. It should be convenient for
the customer to view the contents of their page and to be able to update information in
their interface. The features are designed for the customer to make them more
comfortable.

This project helps in understanding the creation of an interactive web page and the
technologies used to implement it. The building of the project has given us the idea and
a precise knowledge about how the application can be developed, how it connects to the
database and how the data and web pages are modified as required.

The main motive for the project was to provide dynamic online farmers’ management
system to help farmers in every possible way and provide them a stable platform where
they can perform every transaction with ease.

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

User Education and Training: To ensure successful adoption, implement training

programs and resources for both farmers and buyers. This could include tutorials on
how to use the application effectively, best practices for product listings, and guidance
on payment processes.

Marketing Strategy: Develop a robust marketing campaign to raise awareness of the

platform among farmers and buyers. Utilize social media, local community events, and
partnerships with agricultural organizations to reach the target audience.

Continuous Feedback Loop: Establish a mechanism for ongoing user feedback to refine
and enhance the application. Regularly update features based on user suggestions and
market trends to ensure the platform remains relevant and user-friendly.

Mobile Optimization: Given the increasing use of smartphones, prioritize the

development of a mobile-friendly version of the web application or a dedicated mobile
app. This will increase accessibility for users who may not have regular access to
computers.

Sustainability Initiatives: Incorporate features that promote sustainable practices among

farmers, such as eco-friendly farming techniques and certifications. Highlighting these
practices can attract environmentally conscious buyers.

Partnerships and Collaborations: Seek collaborations with local cooperatives,

agricultural extension services, and government programs to enhance credibility and
reach a broader audience.