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    CPROG 1 Control - Structures

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    nyxaintbad

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    CPROG 1 Control - Structures

    Uploaded by

    nyxaintbad
    3 views16 pages

    Original Title

    CPROG-1-Control_Structures

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    3 views16 pages

    CPROG 1 Control - Structures

    Uploaded by

    nyxaintbad

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    CONTROL STRUCTURES IN Understanding the Building

    Blocks of Program Flow


    PYTHON
    INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL
    STRUCTURES
    Control structures dictate the order in which instructions are executed
    in a program.

    Types of Control Structures:


    Sequential
    Selection (Decision-Making)
    Repetition (Loops)
    SEQUENTIAL CONTROL STRUCTURE
    The default mode where statements are executed one after another.

    Example:
    print("Hello, World!")
    x = 10
    y=5
    print("Sum:", x + y)

    Key Point: No decision-making or looping is involved.


    SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE
    (DECISION-MAKING)
    Allows the program to choose different paths of execution based on
    conditions.

    Types of Selection Structures:


    if statement
    if-else statement
    if-elif-else ladder
    Nested if statements
    IF STATEMENT
    Executes a block of code only if a specified condition is true.

    Syntax:
    if condition:
    # block of code

    Example:
    age = 18
    if age >= 18:
    print("You are eligible to vote.")
    IF-ELSE STATEMENT
    Provides an alternative block of code if the condition is false.

    Syntax:
    if condition:
    # block of code if true
    else:
    # block of code if false

    Example:
    age = 16
    if age >= 18:
    print("You are eligible to vote.")
    else:
    print("You are not eligible to vote.")
    IF-ELIF-ELSE LADDER
    Used when multiple conditions need to be checked.
    Syntax:
    if condition1:
    # block of code
    elif condition2:
    # block of code
    else:
    # block of code

    Example:
    score = 85
    if score >= 90:
    print("Grade: A")
    elif score >= 80:
    print("Grade: B")
    else:
    print("Grade: C")
    NESTED IF STATEMENTS
    An if statement inside another if statement.

    Syntax:
    if condition1:
    if condition2:
    # block of code

    Example:
    num = 10
    if num > 0:
    if num % 2 == 0:
    print("Positive Even Number")
    REPETITION CONTROL STRUCTURE
    (LOOPS)
    Repeats a block of code multiple times until a condition is met.

    Types of Loops:
    for loop
    while loop
    FOR LOOP
    Iterates over a sequence (like a list, tuple, dictionary, set, or string).

    Syntax:
    for variable in sequence:
    # block of code

    Example:
    for i in range(5):
    print(i)
    WHILE LOOP
    Repeats a block of code as long as a condition is true.

    Syntax:
    while condition:
    # block of code

    Example:
    count = 0
    while count < 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1
    NESTED LOOPS
    A loop inside another loop.

    Syntax:
    for i in range(3):
    for j in range(2):
    # block of code

    Example:
    for i in range(3):
    for j in range(2):
    print(f"i = {i}, j = {j}")
    BREAK AND CONTINUE STATEMENTS
    Break:
    Exits the loop prematurely.

    Example:
    for i in range(5):
    if i == 3:
    break
    print(i)

    Continue:
    Skips the rest of the loop's current iteration and moves to the next iteration.
    Example:
    for i in range(5):
    if i == 3:
    continue
    print(i)
    COMMON PITFALLS
    Infinite Loops:
    Ensure loop conditions eventually become false.
    Off-by-One Errors:
    Be cautious with loop boundaries.
    Nested Loops Performance:
    Avoid deep nesting to reduce complexity.
    SUMMARY
    Key Takeaways:

    Control structures are vital for decision-making and repetition in


    Python.
    if, elif, and else handle conditional logic.
    for and while loops enable repetition.
    Break and Continue can modify loop behavior.
    REFERENCES

    Online Resources:
    Python
    Documentation(https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html)

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