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Forts, Palaces and Havelis of Rajasthan
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 M % W FORTS, PALACES AND HAVE LIS OF RAJASTHAN
tottto % mPv^hI ak 3 fkrro ww to Rt TOtrotfroR frofTORTOT to r1 Rajasthan, situated in the western region of India has a diversity
«’*<*> fa 3 to) TO^rot f i ,H^i)rd=h frorotroTOTTOf ^ to'^rf Tfrffa r) tototItoto of geophysical features which add to the richness and variety of
TO TOhTI 'Mild ^*^=5, 'TO TOT TTOTOt Midi M-IITOI t'l TO! TOlMdl M^idHIdl, its cultural expressions. It has the Aravalli range of mountains,
TO ^ 3TTTOfTO TOfrorf, TOT TOk, 3TTOTTOT TOTOT klWIH TO k
forested valleys, lakes, wild life sanctuaries and the desert sand-
dunes. Pakistan and Punjab and its history dates back to ancient
% Zt^ frok t'l TOTTTO % ZTOT ^ ^ TOk % RTTOTO fTOR) TTtTOTTO TOR
times. Kalibangan, an Indus civilization site in northern Bikaner,
TOTOT TOTfRTTOTTO TOT T|TOt t, TOTOf TOTTRT ^TORT TOTTOk RTTOT TO tiTOTT f3TO tl
was an important walled city of the Harappan period. Above all,
tort) TOkrkr TO Rry+idlH to’totot % Rrotk RTrorkroro f tot fir f i tk Rajasthan (which means the ‘Land of Kings’) is the cradle of
kaT To k TOTkkkt k froa to tot toutomIh t klr toto tototI tot distinctive Rajput culture and traditions.
TOTOTTOTTO TO TO*} i- TTTOTTOf TO TORI TOf eft TTRJTO TTTOhfa Ref TOTTOTOTOf From the seventh century A.D. to nineteenth century A.D., the
TO kk TTOT t'l history of Rajasthan witnessed the rise and fall of the Rajputs. The
TOTOTTOTO TOTekf TOTTOTRl k tfRT ZhI TOdl TOI®{I TO TO TRTTOR TO ^fTOTTT word ‘Rajput’ is derived from the term ‘Rajaputra’ which means
‘sons of kings’. They trace their descent from the lineage of the
TTRJTOt' % ZTTOTTO TR TOT TO TOTTOt TTOT tl TFRJTO TO 3T«f t, TRTT TO TJTOI
sun and the moon and belong to kshatriya-the warrior caste. The
t TORT ZTTOTO Tjt TR' TO ^ TOTTOT t kk TO^T TOTfa TOfTOTO k TOTOTO TO§t
Rathors of Bikaner and Jodhpur, Gahlots and Sisodias of Udaipur
ti RtRkr ktr klTO^r % <idl<, rr k TOrokk tr fkktftTOT totot tort
and the Kachhawahas of Jaipur are Suryavanshis, clans claiming
k RT5TOTTOT TTOTO Rt Tjtkft TTTOT TOTOTOTTO TR TO TORT TORt t, TOTOfk descent from Lord Rama. The Bhattis of Jaisalmer claimed to be
^TTRtT % TOft 3Rt Rt TOTOft TORt tl R% TORRT TO TOt TOR TORT Chandravanshis, of lunar descent. It is said that the Chauhans,
t fTO ktTOR, TTtRTOt, TORT TOTOT kTTTO TOnfTO k #TO TOR TOfa k TOfTOTO Solankis, Paramaras and the Deoras emerged from the sacred
TOpH^k k TOTOT fir tl firepit or Agnikunda on the summit of the holy Mount Abu.

TOefTOR TRTTTOR k fTOTOTO t 3kR TOR *1, kfRTO ZTOt k kTOlf (fTOftTOR Although there were a number of states in the present day
TOTOT TORT^T), TOltr (TOPJT) TOTOT TOTTRTO (ttTOfT, tTOdk kk Rajasthan, the three most prominent were Mewar (Chittorgarh
krokr) t tk RR tl ^fTOTTT t TTTOT-TTTOT TO TTTOJeff % TOf)— kk iTO
and Udaipur). Amber (Jaipur) and Marwar (Jodhpur, Jaisalmer
and Bikaner). Time and again, Rajput strongholds such as Chittor,
froffe, tTOTTO, TOTOTOkk, TOTTRTO TOTOT TOR TTORf TO mPTO'ITO TOTTOTOT RTOt Tt
Mewar, Ranthambor, Marwar and many others were attacked by
tl TOTOfTO RTORt t t-TO. RK^mT TOTTRt t TOTT TOfTOTO Mtft t |r. TOTSTOf
Muslim armies. Mahmud Ghazni in the eleventh century A.D. and
TOTTRt % TOTT f TTTORlt TO TORTOT fTOT «1l TOT % TORR ^gsj-TO,-tk
Mohammad Ghori at the end of the twelfth century A.D. attacked the
tRTO t 3RrtT TO TORTT 3TTfTOR TOR iRR Rl state of Rajputana followed by Qutub-ud-Din Aibak who beseiged
t-M. Rtrok' TOTTRt t TORREZ feRTOf t RTTOktT TORT PddW % fTOdf TO Ajmer. Alaud-Din-Khalji in fourteenth century A.D. captured the
toIrtott tor froro ri grot tottoto tort tor froftftR Trgro rr rr % Fort of Ranthambor and Chittor. In sixteenth century A.D., the
battle of Khanwa was fought between the Mughal Emperor, Babur
#TO t.TO. TftTOTOTOt TOTOlRt TO TTOTTOR t TOTOTTTR ^ f3TO R, fTOTRft TOfRTfTO
and Sisodia chief, Rana Sanga, which ended in a Rajput defeat.
TTTO^TOt TOft TOTTTOTO TO ff *ftl fTO% # TOTOTO RTORTT^ TORT % TOtt 3TTORT
Shortly after, Babur’s grandson, Akbar established supremacy
t TOTTTOTTO TOR tTOTTO TO fTOTOTO RR TOft TOR TOTTOTOTR TOR TOt TOR TITO'jiHKl
over both Marwar and Mewar and married a Rajput princess of
^ Id TOMS TOTT fTOR TOi, fTOTOt TOR t 3TTtT ^TO TO TOTTTOTO fTOTRI the Kachhawaha clan, which ruled over Amber region.
^TOT¥ Mewar
JJ,R<ld 't *l6dld TOTOT % did TOR TTTOTTRTO % TOfTOTO-1^ f?TOt The Gahlots, later known as the Sisodias, migrated from Gujarat
tTOR TO 3TTTOTT TOTO TOTO «f eft t fTOTOlRdl TORTOTt TOt ^1 ZTOt TRfRT and occupied Mewar, which lies in the south-east of Rajasthan.
Their earliest inscription in Rajputana is dated 646 A.D.
yNlddM fTOTTOT^TO iTO 646 RT tl tRTO Rt R#T TOTOft fTOdl^d^ f tTTO
Chittorgarh, the ancient capital of Mewar, has a magnificent fort
fRTOTtTOtZT TOff^TO t TOR TOR fReTOT t, fRTORt TTtRTOf t TO %RTO 3kR TO1TOT
with thirteen kilometres of battlements which encloses not only
t, TOfdR it^-fTTt TOt t, TOft 3TTOTRT TTOtTOt Rt TOTTOt ^tR RTlt tl ddTSMl palaces but also lakes and reservoirs that can support thousands
ReTRft % TOR t Rfk 35 TOTOf TOR Iddl-SdC TOT R1TR RTi R^ TORT of inhabitants. Kumbha, who ruled Chittorgarh for thirty-five years
^TR t TOTOT TRTOeTORTOTT % d*^1, 'tt fR TOftRt cRTOJT t ^TTOTOTTOTO from mid-fifteenth century A.D. onwards was responsible for
several architectural achievements, such as- Fort Kumbhalgarh in
 fftRn, w^z 3tt^ ft srrrr fftRn, fftftfefR fern rr 73ft MJra southern Udaipur, Fort Achalgarh in Mount Abu, the Victory Tower
-+WIH ft 3*3 ttr ftl fftftU'i<i % fft# 3 ftl h4]h)4,{ui ^rcjri «ni at Chittorgarh, and for the innovations and additions to the Fort at
Chittorgarh.
ft^rs #1 Trsmpft ft TsiHMfta fftift Rift ft y Ah ftl' ft ftfti rr
Chittorgarh was invaded three times by the Muslims before the
##533 33 31TsH'Mul fftRl «nI 73f 1303 ft fftr# ft? W 31HH<1h
capital of Mewar was shifted to Udaipur. In 1303 A.D. Alaud-Din-
fed41 4 ##5 ## 3RT #3 fw # 3cft 3lftt 3#ftftl ft IftRTF ft? 3#3 Khalji, Sultan of Delhi, laid seige to Chittorgarh in an attempt to
ft fftftU'l<2 RTt ft3 #31 «m marry the famous beauty, Rani Padmini, the wife of Bhim Singh.
Bahadur Shah of Gujarat attacked Vikramjeet of Chittorgarh in
TpSRTcT ft? ^TW ^ 1533 4' fftftU'ld ft? fftsfcMftld 33
1533 A.D. In face of defeat, Rani Karnavati, a Bundi princess
3HlsbHU| fftRH 31 331 RR fft*3ftld R?1 #11 513ft Tfftl ftl ftl ftfti #t
led the Jauhar in which many women and children sacrificed
IM'JHld <141 <+)utddl 4 ftf3 ft-^ftl RR «lfel % 733 #51 idvHI 311 H'K
their lives. However, her own child, Udai Singh was smuggled
71# Rift'd d) RH 3T3R?1 ft?R7 3RRfft5 f## 3R?R RR 331 *11, 41 R1R ft out, and he lived to inherit the throne of Chittorgarh. In 1567,
fR#53R 33 RRTlfRRTRl R31I 7Ff 1567 ft "5331 W 3TR?R7 4 fedW'la; A.D., the Mughal Emperor, Akbar beseiged Chittorgarh but
#1 ft7 fedi «n. 4fed <mi ^^Ahs fe41 y<+iK rr Pi=t>cii 331 <$nd Udai Singh managed to escape and founded Udaipur, the new
33337 #1 rwu #1 #1 ftf, 41 ftRR % wr4 4 3#3i yRnn rirrf
capital of Mewar. The rulers of Mewar were known for their
resistance to the Muslim invaders. However, compromise with
IRRftftf ft #51 #31, 337 3dSR7 illdl# 4 333# 73R5 ft? RTRR Fl4t'
the Mughals in the seventeenth century A.D. reduced the threat
33 73371 RTF# RR # 331 31, fR3lft 531 #fft R3R 4 R1 # 4 TUft^dR)
of invasion and enabled them to devote more time for cultural
dfdftlftRTt #1 RRTRl ffteRI pursuits.
dRRjJt ft 3#R? #R 3R3 t, # R51 ft? S'IIRRiT % ftM ftR #t R#ft The city of Udaipur has several beautiful buildings that speak
t'l fft# ft#R-313#, 337-35R go#' oft TMIRd R?R1 331 WJdf #1 of the aesthetic taste of its rulers. The City Palace is a blend of
ftftlR? RITcjRidl ft? fftf33 OR OiT RR? ftR7 RRI5<u| f| fq#d! #01 % Mughal decorative art and Rajput military architecture. It is a
massive edifice built on the shores of Lake Pichola. The walls
fftTdft 03 R31 35 RR? tftw 000 ftl 53TR?1 RI571 #Rlft ftl# 3?37 Oil
on the outside are built of thin slates of sandstone and covered
Mdetl MldVfeft ft «h! ft 331 30 03 R^RRi# 00 #3 30 fed I 001 ft I
with the finest possible white plaster work. In the interiors, marble
dl'dftd. OF! ft fftRlft Oil 3300303 ft OOTOT OOT ft 331 30 03 R31R? OTlft has been used for the walls. They are profusely decorated with
00' OTlftt 0f30T3 ft? ftlOO ft 71RT33 foftOO fOOf, 3?3T0l' #3 3T0lftft[' oft glasswork, inlay work, paintings depicting celebration of festivals,
fftfOO f#OT 001 ftl processions and scenes showing the life in the royal household.

f# 0003 fwtOO #d # 0*0 ft OR t0O131 # ftl ?000 ftlO# OTlftl oftOR Jag Niwas or the Lake Palace of Udaipur is a small island of cool
marble set amidst Lake Pichola. It was a summer resort for the
ft? TTffrftf ft 3# % fcorr foroi 001 011 oftoio ft ^ft fttod ft oftoffto OR
members of the royal household which has now been transformed
fftoi OOl ftl into a Hotel.
OFTftftR oftol 001 OF# 00 ogi 7RJf ft, oil ft30 cTOOl ft, 010I ft# ft Jag Mandir is cluster of pavilions and palaces which seems to
ft3 3F1 fttl god OlOW w?i ft or 3Toft fool Rftoft # f03^ foftlo be floating on the surface of the lake. It was in Jag Mandir that
fORl Ol ftl 30ft Wl R0ftfft3 ft OROl eftt Oil Emperor Shahjahan sought refuge when he rebelled against his
father, Jahangir.
3TT^T Amber

F*7T 7>MI«0 4 + e5dli7l TRiJTT 377^7 4' 7?R W\ «R The Kachhawahas established themselves in Amber around the
twelfth and thirteenth century A.D. Jai Singh II succeeded his father
fefrq TW ^ *Ft 37TJ R 377^7 *FT 37T7Tf*7*F77t 37FT *7TI 77^ 1727 R 37R
as ruler of Amber at the age of eleven. He shifted the capital from
Wit TRRpft *Ft 377^7 3 7*7IHl'dRd F77 W[7 R 7*77^777 *Ft *ft, Rt 1% Amber to the plains, where he built a new city, Jaipur, in 1727 A.D.,
1Frrat % ftf 3 ii ^rrj7 R3777 RftI, iqftm, 7wrar which is popularly known as the ‘Pink City’. The principal building
77*77 37R Wfi *Ft Wl 3 WJ7 % TWh facRt ^ ^ Fc*77 7T*77 ^7777717 material used for the fortress, palace complex, observatory and
other buildings is rubble and plaster along with the local grey stone
*FT ^Hld Rf*77 TRT «TTI dcF^lcf YT?7 *Fl FFTPrl SUFT 3RH *FFl %
found near Jaipur. A rusty pink paint rather than cream has been
AlR ‘Jell 41 777 Tl 7777 TAll used over the plaster which gives a pink hue to the buildings.
T^RlfW fgTTk ^ WTfeT WRt 77*77 Tjfuid^ *7TI 3774 dc4dcd1d <717^*41 Jai Singh II, an astronomer and a mathematician, planned the city
of Jaipur keeping in mind the aesthetic norms and conforming to
47t M 77fc%T75t % fWTT *Ft *ZfH R 77§ *F7 Wj7 *Ft %3RT *Ft
the architectural style of the period. A strong wall encircles the
411 ^PJ7 % RTTt cTW T3of7 H'Jiqd 77t177-'{lc7K ’t 4*77 <MH6cl mRtk A
city in the heart of which is the City Palace. Within the palace
4*7?T7e7T-47777-4777 #1 *74 7F47 47*7f774 £177 RtRlTl 47*7 4*7477477371 4 4 4*77 complex there is an observatory-the Jantar Mantar. It is one of
tl 3F*7 4*74IIHIlf tWt, TT«JTI, 77*77 *77747771 4' tl FFR *74 *4*7171 % the five observatories built by Jai Singh II. The others are in Delhi,
Varanasi, Mathura and Ujjain. Adjacent to the palace walls is the
7Fll*7 ft RT7irH4 % 3717777 % 377747*7 W *747 fPsTFTl ?*7T *7?e7 tl ?71%
Hawa Mahal, a pyramidal facade of five storeys. It allows free
3 3717ft ^T fR ?ft7R TWt tl flt-ftt RTSjf f RsljjRM! tl movement of air which keeps the building cool. It is made up of
?TTtt *7f7777 *74 xri%7H|i/ <?TS7 cf4 *|R|R|(V*7T t^T RTTcft *ft, *7*77 *77?7 small compartments, each with a window through which the women
of the royal household could watch processions in the public street
% did d-t Rtf t^3 *7t4 *ll
seated in the airy jharokhas without being seen themselves.
HK<7Ij£ Marwar
7R7*TR % mRm4I 47*7 f *777 *777 4f77^ RPlT-dH tl ft *717=114 *Fft On the western border of Rajasthan lies the formidable expanse of
tl f77 44 *1 did y^^d d‘l1 tl *Sfl*7*J7 77*77 flddll t 7ldl< d^l dot the Thar desert formerly known as Marwar. This region has three
important cities, Jodhpur and Bikaner dominated by the Rathor
447*7717 t 77*77 t7777*ll f Flfedt dftl f*7 TfNt *7*771 dft ft*7tf77=h ft«7f77 t
clan and Jaisalmer by the Bhattis. The location of these cities
Wf dlT^didl dft ^Rddl dt dFlfdTT fed? tl Fddf dft ^dKK ddFt
has influenced their architectural styles. Jali screens have been
% fdR; ttdTTf t 'dlfddT dd dddfd dfdTdTT ^ f^dT ddT tl fd ^d dft extensively used as panels in large areas of the walls to make
dl'T^ddl dft ddl 37^7 fddtdTd d«R fd dt t, dft 37^dld>K ttt fd the building airy. Another prominent feature of architecture in this
dTdTddt dft 37tdt tl dddt % fd*-lful t f77 ^d t IdW d7d7 dd dgdldd region is the protruding chajjas carved almost to a semicircle
to cover projecting balconies. Sandstone is the basic building
R fTtdTR ^37T t, ddtfd7 d?«77 d7 dTdfHd ddt TH^ddl R fdTdT W
material used for construction in this region. It is easy to work on,
7TdT7fT tl
making it conducive for decorative carving.
dftdy % 7T7S7Tdd7 TTd dftdT t tdTFFTd dd fdRd dddTdl *711 dd fddd Rao Jodha, the founder of Jodhpur, built the Mehrangarh Fort
fTRT *dl t fd7 ddR YldT dft 77tdT dft t^l RI TTddTT tl ?7ft fddd% t Tftdt which is so high that one can see the boundaries of the city. It
H5d 7T*7T ^>cd dddT ':tt y-^7 dd 'R 37dffdT 37td7 H5<d tl H6dl dft houses some of the most intricately adorned palaces-the Moti
Mahal and the Phool Mahal-with exquisitely carved panels and
dfdR 7T«7I RdSfdTdf dttd dd R dcdfM tl
latticed windows.
77d dft*7T % 75^ dd dtdd t 77^ 1485 t dtddt7 d77TdT *711 f77dd Tfd’ Rao Jodha’s sixth son, Bika, found the city of Bikaner in 1485
dd7dduf 37TdTtd ^dTdd dd fdRd t, fdR dTdW 37d7d7 % dd^ A.D. Its outstanding attraction is the Junagarh Fort, build by Rai
'RdTdfd 7F7f77d t fdftd dTTdTdT *711 f77% dTTf dTdl 73T| t d*7T ?77 fdl^ Singh, a general at the Court of Akbar, the Mughal Emperor. It
is encircled by a moat and contains palaces that are beautifully
tf d>t H5d t, dt fdl ddd dfSTTT dfddT37f, Tddf 7T*7T dttd dloikK dddf
embellished by hand carved friezes, pillars and delicate Jali
■R ^?ftfdd tl
screens.
HKRIR % ell'll -I'kI ARtI y IrH 4a<'11H RTFR Ril RKSrI Rdl®{l Jaisalmer, one of the oldest of the three cities of Marwar, was
founded by Rawal Jaisal of the Bhatti dynasty in the twelfth century
3' Rff RRT % RRRT %RR1 ^ RRTfRR f%RT STTI R^ WT R%lR>l RR
A.D. It is situated directly on the ancient caravan routes that came
mIRRAI TrfRTRT ^ RTRT ^ f%RTf RAT RTAR RRT 3Tt1 RTRl eRimftAi Rhf
from Africa and West Asia to Delhi and Agra. The merchants
AT fTAA tl AR ^imd TRjTg fti eft R%% RFT AT sHtHRl RAT Rflj prospered on trade and built a number of havelis. ‘Haveli’ is a
F^eft A ATR: RTT-AfR AfTRTT TF^ f'l F%ft A ARR fRRRl ATA RA courtyard building in which four or five families live together.
<S H a! 11 o4(m,r^l Tl ‘lei ‘jellRild R>Rf % PelR fRTRT RTAT AT RAT *M<) Sometimes the ground floor was used for meetings with traders or
for commercial purposes and the upper floors as residence for the
Hpdell AT AfTRTT TF^ «ll FR ARAT Aft RT^ F%7RAt Aft Ph <n I ATT RR>
families. Several havelis formed a mohalla, all of whose residents
HUertil RART AT, Prr4 ATR: ART % W AT? ^srRATR % eftn TF^
were of the same caste and followed a similar occupation. The
«tl FA% RRTFRA ARRf Aft F%ft, ReftA fAF RTf F%ft RAT
classical example of havelis are the Patwaon ki Haveli, Salim
ATS-JART Aft F^eft tl Singh ki Haveli and Nathumal’s Haveli.
4Ad*U % feel 3 99 ^ tl fR% Aft fRRTTRT FfRlff Aft %RRT AcAT % Jaisalmer’s Fort has ninety-nine bastions. The massive walls of
the fort have been built stone block without using any cementing
RRTFf 3 RATRT ART t, fRRf Atfe 3RfR ATT dydVl Rtf fRTRT ART tl
material.
RTRTJT TTR %A Bharatpur and Deeg
R<0^< TFSAJATAT ATRFR R FtRTT Rid RATA All <HR 1722 t 3hi*1< % <IRI Bharatpur was not a Rajput kingdom, but one dominated by the
AAfRF tgeffR t RTR f%tF ^fRJA ARpt RT 'tTTR-K TARA ATR RRA 1% Aft Jats. In 1772 A.D. a Jat called Badan Singh was crowned king of
Deeg by Jai Singh II of Amber as a reward for suppressing the
ttA ATT RAT AtfAR fRTRT ATI AIR RAT ATRy % RtRf fATeff ATT fRApR ARR
Jat rebel, Churamun. The Forts at both Deeg and Bharatpur were
fAF t RRRTRT AT RAT ARAfAF % 'JR TJTAAeT t ttA A RFRfl RR fRRW built by Badan Singh, and it was Suraj Mai, Badan Singh’s son,
RTTRTRT ATI t AFRT Rt ■gRRT-RSJTRf % #R Atet M^t ArAT RAT A%F who built the palaces at Deeg. The palaces are built of pale cream
sandstone and white marble and are set in large formal Mughal
■HMHTAT ^ RRTR; RR ?tl fR§JR fR RFcf Rrft 'RRRRTT RRT RRf^RRT R7t
gardens. They are ranked by some scholars as next to Taj Mahal
t^3t 1R, IRRTt ^eRRT RftfS dNH^d ^ Rift tl
in beauty and symmetry.
RTRTWRt 4fldl«*0 3ftR) TFRRR RfTRFRt tf RRR Rft RTTSRt tl RSlPn 'fR The eighteenth century A.D. saw the decline of various Rajput
RReT t RRR fRRpR ttRT TFT, RR7 RRft Rftt ^teflJld fRRRR «jPR‘|1r< kingdoms. Though building continued but there was little stylistic
Rtf 1[3RI RRTTfRRRf % RR^ % FRfff % RRRR t RTRFR RTRRtT development. Quarrels over succession made these States
vulnerable to attack by the Marathas and Muslims. Meanwhile,
Rt RRT Wt RRRR RTTRl 3fk ^PPcdhT Rf 3RRRRR % Rfst Rtl ftt RtR
the British were expanding their dominion in India. Between 1817
RffpR Rt RTRR t 3Tqt R^JtR RtRRlTt*tlRR,1817R 1823 %
and 1823 A.D. several Rajput states, Jaipur, Udaipur, Jaisalmer,
RWT 3ffR7 RTRfejR TFRf, f% RfR^f, RRR’Jf, %RRT%, RtRR%, ^tt. Bikaner, Bundi, Kota, Sirohi and Kishangarh signed treaties with
rRrT, Rultt RRI f%RTRRR t 3ftRt % RTR RTRRT Rpf I RR^ 1947 t the British. In 1947 A.D. when India became independent from
RR RTTR 3fthtf % R,J^ ^ RRdR f3R eft RRt RRR RRcftR RFTRR British rule, the rulers of the Princely States joined the Indian
Union.
f RTTfRRT tt RTtl
 amjNc^i % fcrq; toftttorf jiTrifarfkRTT

Creative activities for school students and teachers

ft ^rr 3 fro to 24 trIr frorf Rrt tot rto rt toto % frort The 24 pictures provided in this package can be displayed in the
TOrR^i TOTR TO y<n#td RR RRT^ f I FT fRRj' Rif TOT Rc^ TO TOTT RR classroom or any prominent place in the school. The pictures
FTRR RfHRT ctstt fro % Rt# fron rrt -gro Irrto #r wnk tor # Rt may be stuck on cardboard with the title and description in
regional languages. It can also be studied indepth with activities
Itor rrt^ ti RrortR rtot % ffyfror rtor Rrt <mito RRf % fro; tot
that bring out the educational value of Indian art. The teachers
R frof Rif Rrorf 3 torr tot fwft' % tor sttorr rr tort! t, Rt ft#
can work with a few pictures at a time ensuring ‘students’
TORfRR ffl TORIRTOIR <qt Rf# qp^ R^ Jifdfdfferzff 3 tJTRf R?t flpHPdd
enjoyment in learning by involving them in some activities
RR frof to rr# rr tor# ti ft# to# r# rtr # tor-tor totrr suggested below :
HHKto Rt #RTI
In a large outline map of India, mark the sites of various forts,
RTF# #3T3Tt' RT# TO % R# TORR % HHlRR R# #f RRT TOT# #RT #T palaces and havelis of our country. Find out the location of the
fRfroR gnf, rf# rrt frI/h# % tottr! r# 3ff#R r#i forts and palaces and havelis given in this package.

■aR % ^lT RRT HFcll RTT RTtRRR RR TORI PtrWt RRRT# qi# TTRTRTt # Make a study of the forts and palaces in India and collect information
R# # RHR>k1 H+BlR R#| T-HKRj % fRRfal RTRR RRT R#RR RR #f of the kings, emperors who built these forts and palaces. Find out
RRT RTTOfl F#' # TORfRR PHHPdPyd fRRRf #T R# # #t RMRI# TJ^rfRcT the dates of these monuments and the purpose for which they
R# i were used. Collect the following information :

— TOR % #R fcjJplq R# TORRFJI — Climate of the location of the building.

— Natural surroundings, rivers, mountain range and the flora

— TOffR, R#t, #F-qt# rrt q#t
and fauna.
— FT Pr>ci) R# RRT# Rl<# RRT TO*-) <F# Rl<# crttR RRT TOTRR oqocHN
— People, who built and lived in these forts, their occupation,
3TTfqi etc.
— TOT RRcl RR TOTtR, •JRT, RTRRT, Rficq RxRI 3TTf#l — Music, dance, drama, craft, etc. of the period.

- #R fR#R #T #cft-#RRT, #tRf#RT RTRT#, RqtFR TtfR-fTORtl — Customs, festivals celebrated in the region and the myths
associated.
Tp TO TOTTOt % froP RiP ~^3 RR FT% pTO-fRR RTO^I
Make a sketch/rough outline of the monuments from the pictures
R^RRiTeT % RTfRRl/ffcIFRTRFRf/RTOTRiRp 'P FT ^%Rp R RRf TORp RR
provided in the cultural package.
TORRiP' RiP ^RT RRT ^ RTpR F^P TOfTO ^RpRp RRT TRRTOP RiP fTOR RR
The forts, palaces and havelis mentioned in this package were
TOpiS TJXT ’I''1 TOT ^RTRp TO TORTOf Rip HR)Bid RR RR^P' RffpR FT TOTRf RiT
visited by a number of travellers/historians/artists in the medieval
■^PhPto toPr rri totrP % rtr % rtotto ^p RRfroi
period of Indian history and these people have left a vivid and
pRfror to! rPP tototPr rPrrt rr sterrr rr rrrPP ftoto rtot ^P' interesting account of these monuments including the drawings/
RTOTRTR tell fro I 'EF. RT RiT^R RiT fRR ^RR RRI RR RTr4 sketches. Collect such travelogues/memoirs/sketches. Notice
interesting details in these travelogues such as the style of
fPTOfRRTf RRI RTOTRf RiP RTOJRRR % fRRTO RiP Rp TOTpRI
description, pronunciation of places and the surrounding areas of
RlW* TOTOT RFiP TrTOTRT monuments of that period.

RRp RR? RiT RRT TfP R^RR TOfcTT f pRi RTpR ^6d< TO TTR^P ^fpRR fTOI FT Collect and study the various ground plans of different forts and
RRP RRp RR RTTO TiR, ^ fRi STATOR RRT R«TO, RlR: ^fTOTPPTO, 3Rf«pRi, find out the similarities. Similar studies of ground plans can also
TOT^pRRi 3pk RF RRi pRi RpRppRTRi RiTTRlP tP TOT-^Rp ^ fTOTO TTOTT 't'l be made of your school, home or college showing windows, doors
and other architectural details.
Ri^ riWri PPPr-PPrtr to tokPp RTffe ^rfR tP ^ RT®rr ^ rPPrr
% 3RRR RiP °RRd RRp fll RTR: TO RTOT % RTppRi pRTORTt P 3RTp TO Understanding Religious Concepts
% RiF^RiiPf, gf^rorf to Pr^torP RiP rrtPrr Prrtt ti ftP Rtor rtoPrPP' All religions aim at helping us to lead better and richer lives. The
■p TOT Rp Tp TTRpRR PtoPr RcPpRiP RR fTpTOT RRp ^ TRRRiP RPP outward manifestations of religion such as rituals, customs differ
from one another for historical, economic, political and even geo¬
TRFTT RPP ^1
physical reasons. Many religious rituals and ceremonies are linked
STaRTRRRM 3TRp UTRp' RiP TOR % RTpRp TO pRpTOT TO? RR 3TTORR with the annual agricultural cycle and celebrations of life. Religious
RRp RiP Rip'l RTR # TOTp Pr\, '4fe, ^RT^, ?KdlH, ipR RRT PPTO TOpR TO beliefs have influenced the architects, sculptors and painters of the
Rp Pi RTp Pf RTRRRpP gRlP Pi PTO PP 4ipl by-gone era to create beautiful monuments using specific symbols
and motifs pertaining to each religion.
ctK^txni R RRR RK % Rf R R^ftl tat f I Invite your students to study the religions and people of India and
R«R tRRT Rft f^nsif ^ 133 RtfaR RH Rt R^k f, fRR% collect information on each religion such as Hinduism, Buddhism,
Christianity, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism and others.
R1* 3 R^t-R^t Rjtf ^ Rffl ^R f| ^T Rff 3 wj#R RT RRT

slH^*t RT®? ^("4 R h<> 5'il 3rifq R scrtrl<9 STidl T?l Ancient texts on architecture describe a variety of forts. Durg or
fort is a fortified building which many times encompasses whole
RR^ 3TR % fsff^R Rf R Rfk W>ff #g RT ^fatfRR RTR 3R1PR cities within its walls. In these texts, there is mention of land, hill,
fedl R RTR t RRT R# sfo fRfa Rt RFRitrll % $fd^l-H cTR WR water or island and also forest and desert forts.
R>K % rT % ST^R-T ^ R#|
Students can be taken on educational tours to nearby forts or
^T % fkfRt RTf fT«TT ReTt % Q.ld^lRrl'^h f^RTO R RFf-ijtRT RR
asked to study the history of architecture of a specific region.

Conduct a Project on the historical development of forts and

rT cT^TT H5<rll Rt MW dxrll ^ qfkfRT dd>dldil 5fl«0 Rt jTjFdR ddiq
palaces in our country.
rt Rrk toi sr«t kt %}#', Rf, wfte, rrr, gir Rf^i
Make a booklet of the terms associated with the architecture
^t ^ fkfRr Rf r' Reft % twi % Rt rt RTRTtt urIr rt of forts and palaces with their meaning. Some terms like turret
Rrt% Pqqd "4 <*>Sldl fkl<s! I design, elevation, battlement, rampart, parapet, etc. can be
included.
=bcrHdi Rt' fR 3R rt*RRTeT % rtklrt fRrtt «|| ftrtfrt k
Find out all that you can know about the names of different forts
wrwi, ^iitid, cr«rr rrrtt % ri k' Rrt RtcR % Rt k' fknii
and palaces of our country and write a story how these were
fo# ^f R Red frtqfrt ^ rTr RrtT Rt R RR fRtrt % rtrttrt % named.
rtrt-rtrt ^ Hlcichld RT W Rtl Imagine you lived in the fort in the medieval times and describe
your life as an architect, emperor, common man.
frtfrtR Rf, rtRTf rtR ^RrT Rt rt#t Reft RT ijfeiR ^Rt Rt, fRTrtf
rtrtk RpR rtrtt RRTRf Rpd rttl R Rrtf % feTTT 3TR ff%R if fR R Dramatise the events involved in the construction of the fort or a
fRf R rtt RfrtTR Rt rtR^ tl
palace and enrich with music of the period.

Make a scrap book displaying different forts, palaces and havelis

Rrttrt RrtRf if it Rf R rtlrtff % dk Rk-RTlft cd«TT ^PdddT R
with important descriptions. You may choose pictures from this
RJ6 Rtl
package also.
frtfrtR «Nf‘ Rt RTrtR RedI ^ RfRT 33^|dl' % Ri| cTR fR R^kd Collect references/quotations from ancient books on forts and
Rt'l palaces.

^T k' RT '^’f, Red cT«dT I^lRTT RR^ TRT3Tf' R RTf % dk Collect pictures and references of the rituals connected with the
architecture in different regions.
RTfRf fRi'l
Write stories of important dynasties, emperors who built beautiful
3Tqk ^T % farfRT fRdk' R 3TRR R R#' kPk ^ R Rt %
forts, palaces and havelis in our country.
3TRR RftRg; R^ :
Conduct a study of various forts in our country and categorize
3RfR these monuments as per the following :

#qfa fff Natural Fort

Hd1 Island Fort

Desert Fort

Mountain Fort
RTZ ,qfk R^ ^fl
Land Fort

.•a
CENTRE FOR CULTURAL RESOURCES AND TRAINING
15-A, Sector-7, Dwarka, New Delhi -110 075
Phone : 91-11-25309300, Fax : 91-11-25088637
email : [email protected]
website : www.ccrtindia.gov.in
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ffed dFet Fd TTfedFeT dTT d^d did tl dTfftdT dFeT drfftdd fe feldl
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dt yield fftelld dFeT ftr ftlT feldT dft ftfeTTt dT fe|d dFtd did ft
fteft t, ftfdTd Fd ddd ft dTTFaTFT % ddfe % dW4<bell % fejft fen tl dTTTTd ft FdT dFeT dd fddfe FTTffe fedT ddT an fe fet
dlT ffefdd tl fet dFeT ftr Ft-dt fedtfe dan dTWT dft meiei dFeT
td- ftFTM^dl Tfededdiell dTT dt ddfetd fedl ddT tl dftdTT dft fetdl' FddT 953 3TTeTT dan fedfedt ft t TTF deleft
3ddTftdT sfk gfe td ft fdfftd tl
fedTdTdTsft dft fe Tfe. fdd^ dTFT ft dfe ddf d fe Tfel STfelftdT
2. ^flyi d^ee, 3TTitT dCT fcbcdl, dRdjr, TT3TT2TFT
fed ft FdT dFeT dd ’jag dTd fel dT TTdTdT tl FfenjT dTT dF fdfe ftfed ^'iPeldl dfefefe fteft dfe TM^elHl ftfdfe
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7. ftsiHdd fdTeTT, femTJT, TMWIM
ftfft ftr ftft t dan Tjdft dd dfftl % fedTI dd ftfft ft tt ftftl
11. Fife ftfed, dfefe^T, TNfyn
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tl dF ddffe fgdld ®TT 18dl dTdfel fe fed t ddfe df dfef
midi tl WJfJl ft TFIeft feel STTTTfe SIJlJ4 t, fed dT dfeTdTR ufe
Tdjfe del ft 1087 dldT dft Wdlf dT ftaid tl ftTF fwtf ft ffeTT f3n
tawneTTSTl't TTdt dtl tl 3Rd dddlTefe fefe, d^TT, dfed dan
tl dF erfe ftftfe draTT dft dfed dTT ddldl dfe t dan fe feF fdTefe FTT dFTtl dft TTdft Wdl fttfl dT ftatd tl ftdTF ft
drofel f ti
dT dfed Td ffedT dfe %l 'jhmi fe si el eft ft ei'fl mifeidl fet y^e dTT Pbell dfe fedeldd dTT ffeeTT ddfPddT dFWjft dlft felel tl
4. dTTRTf dd ffedT, dTd^T TTdTWTd dTfe dFeT fe SfddTd dft eTddTdt slRdl dTT fed Td dfed dTTdt tl
Fddft dRyldiel dTTdft ftttt t dfe dlyesIHI STefed T^dfifeell Fdft'
WTS fe fet dTT fefe dfedF t TTd. 1600 t dTTdTdT am fet dtrfedd dfe FtfeTdtT fe fed T33T ddfe ttfe, feffe deftdT ddft fe
ftfddft dft 3Tld eftdf ftr TFft dd dfefdT Tfed dt fel Fft dfeft ft
% dfe dT tdldt Selfe dan ddy dd feT ^Sfd fel dT TTdTdT 3Tlft ft ‘jmeeil t, Fd me/ft dft dpjftt IfetddT tl
elddd 15 dft dTT ddfe eTdT fel ddt dt dfe dft TSTdeT ftr fttd ft
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31T71 tl 3lft3T Sldlt! % 317TT3T 5H*-I g7373rII, fttTTtlcI 71*3 gfft t 3*3 TTTlft 163t TTTlt 3ft Hfft^l 733 3ft ‘ it 3. 713t sft, ftt j37 tl #3 fttnft 3133 tl 3fft3ftt 313 ft 3R3lt 33 71571 333T31 331

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 early eighteenth century A.D., the others are at Delhi, Mathura, supporting the facade - a narrow strip along the edge of each
Ujjain and Varanasi. room - is a unique feature peculiar to the Jodhpur zenana.

4. Jaigarh Fort, Jaipur, Rajasthan 9. Jaswant Thada, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

The imposing Jaigarh Fort was built in 1600 A.D. by Raja Man Jaswant Thada, a cluster of royal cenotaphs of royal chhatries
Singh. It offers a beautiful view of the plans and the city of Jaipur. was built in 1899 A.D. in the memory of Maharaja Jaswant
Forts, Palaces and Havelis of Rajasthan
This fort housed the famous treasures of the Kachhawaha Singh II. The cenotaphs of the Jaswant Thada also has
rulers in deep vaults. The fort was designed in a manner that portraits of the rulers of Jodhpur. Royal chhatries were built to
no enemy could enter as it was well protected from all sides. In commemorate the place where royalty had been cremated and
the (inset) picture you can see Jaiwaan, one of the largest also served as a memorial to them.
cannon on wheels in the world, made in the foundry of Jaigarh.
1. Amber Fort, Jaipur, Rajasthan 10. City Palace, Udaipur, Rajasthan
5. Jai Mahal, Jaipur, Rajasthan
Amber, the ancient capital of the Kachhawaha Rajputs lies in Udaipur, the beautiful city of lakes is situated about 259 kms
the rocky Aravalli hills, 11 kms north of Jaipur. Much of what Outside the Jaipur city walls are various other palace buildings. from Jodhpur and was founded by Maharana Udai Singh. The
remains of the fortress-palace today was constructed during To the south-east on the Agra road is the Sisodia Rani Mahal, City Palace of the Maharanas, which stands along the banks
the reign of Raja Man Singh, the Rajput commmander of built for the wife of Sawai Jai Singh (not seen in the picture). To of the Pichola lake, is an impressive complex of buildings
Akbar's army. It is built on a steep cliff; rectangular in concept, the north-east, numerous buildings line the road to Amber, of in granite and marble flanked by octagonal corner towers
its towers and white walls are reflected in a small lake. It’s long which the most important is the Jai Mahal, a pleasure palace surmounted by cupolas. The exterior is plastered in white
russet gold ramparts adhere to the architectural style of the built in the middle of Man Sagar, the artificial lake. colour. The palace faces the east. The entrance is through the
period. Badi Pol, which contains the royal drums. The Suraj Pol is in
6. Hawa Mahal, Jaipur, Rajasthan
line with Toran Pol, the main gate of the palace building. The
This fort comprises the Diwan-i-Am, Diwan-i-Khas, several Hawa Mahal or Palace of the Winds is one of Jaipur’s major Toran Pol, which one could enter mounted on horseback leads
palaces, courtyards and the famous Jagat Shiromani and Shila landmarks. It was built in 1799 A.D. by Maharaja Sawai Pratap into a large chowk, flanked by two smaller palaces. The Sheesh
Devi temples.
Singh. This five storey building is a unique example of Rajput Mahal is decorated with inlay mirror work and the Krishna Vilas
The entrance gate of the Amber Palace known as Ganesh architecture with its pink coloured semi octagonal and delicate with episodes from stories painted in the miniature style. Blue
Pol (inset) was added by Jai Singh I. Ganesh Pol is situated honeycombed sandstone windows. The first two storeys of the and white Chinese and Dutch tiles are used in Chini-Ki-Chitra
between the Diwan-i-Am (Public Court) and the Diwan-i-Khas Hawa Mahal enclose basement and courtyards, but the three Mahal which is the central pavilion of the palace. The Manak
(Private Court). This gate serves as the entrance for the public storeys above consist only of passages and balconies. The Mahal has glass and porcelain and the Moti Mahal is famous
to the private courts of the palace. The gallery above the exterior of the Hawa Mahal gives the look of a Shikhara of a for its mirror work. The scenes from the Radha-Krishna stories
Ganesh Pol with lattice work windows was constructed so as temple. It was originally built to enable the royal ladies, seated are painted on the walls of the Bhim Vilas, and the intricately
to allow the women in the family to watch the activities in the in its 953 niches and windows to look down on processions crafted peacocks in fine mosaic relief on the walls of Mor chowk
street without being seen from outside. in the main street below without being seen by the common of Pritam Vilas. The Zenana Mahal, gardens and fountains of
people. In the inset picture you can see the back view of the Bada Mahal are beautifully constructed.
2. Sheesh Mahal, Amber Fort, Jaipur, Hawa Mahal.
Rajasthan The Udaipur City Palace is a blend of Mughal decorative art
7. Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur, Rajasthan and Rajput military architecture.
The eastern pavilion of the Amber palace is built in two storeys,
one below the Jai mandir and the other above the Jas mandir. Jodhpur is situated at a height of 235 m on a range of sandstone 11. Lake Palace, Udaipur, Rajasthan
The Jai mandir has the Diwan-i-Khas and the Sheesh Mahal, hills about 386 kms away from Jaipur. It was founded by Rao
Lake Pichola was formed in the fourteenth century A.D. Fringed
The Hall of Mirrors’. Jodha in 1459 A.D. This Fort, popularly known as Mehrangarh,
with green hills and studded with ghats and gardens, the lake
is 122 m above the plains and is enclosed by a high wall with
The picture shows the interior of the Sheesh Mahal. The plaster provides an ethereal beauty to Udaipur.
bastions. Its eastern towers and bastions are the strongest.
of the wall and ceiling is embedded with tiny concave mirrors Lake palace also known as Jag Niwas is built from white
The Fort is guarded by seven gates of which the fourth gate
forming a variety of designs. When this palace was occupied, marble and was the summer palace of the former royal family.
has been destroyed. The first gate, Fateh Pol is between twin
lamps were lit after dark, the reflected light in the mirrors of Its balconies and windows overlook the lake. This airy complex
bastions and has a curved barbican, its lintel is supported on
the Sheesh Mahal created an illusion of a multitude of stars has marble floors and granite columns. The gardens and
corbels. Gopal gate, Bhairon gate and Dodhkangra gates have
in the sky. elegant arches. The sixth gate, Loha Pol has the hand prints of fountains are well laid and the rooms are beautifully decorated.
Glass mosaic is a common Rajput technique used as decoration fifteen royal satis, wives of the Maharaja, this Loha Pol controls The Sajjan Niwas or Lotus suite of the palace contains murals
in buildings. The particular patterns used here, especially the final turn of the path of the fort round the northern end. which depict girls dancing among lotus leaves. In the courtyard
the web of tiny arch-shaped indents, follow the Shahjahani The seventh gate, Suraj Pol leads sideways from the eastern there is a lily pond. Jag Niwas has now been converted to a
adaptation of this decorative art. passage into the durbar court. The Fort contains Moti Mahal, hotel and is called the Lake Palace Hotel.
Phool Mahal, the royal ladies apartments (zenana), Salim Kot,
3. City Palace, Chandra Mahal, Jaipur, 12. Jag Mandir, Udaipur, Rajasthan
Murli Manoharji temple, Kalka temple, Chamunda temple,
Rajasthan The Jag Mandir, which is on the southern island of the Pichola
Chamunda-ki-Nandi and the two small tanks namely the Rani
Jaipur, the Pink city of Rajasthan which is 241 kms. from Agra Talao and the Gulab Sagar to the south. The Fort summit is lake was built in 1551 A.D. The domed pavilion or Gul Mahal,
was founded by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh of Amber. The divided into three areas, the palace of the north-west, the which is its greatest landmark, was commenced by Karan Singh.
City Palace situated in the centre of the city is surrounded by strongly fortified area to the south edge of the cliff and a long It is one of the few examples of Mughal style of architecture in
a boundary wall, the earliest building and the centre of the wide terrace to the east of the palace. the state. It is said, that in 1623 A.D. Prince Khurram the future
complex is the Chandra Mahal which was constructed in 1724- Emperor Shahjahan, lived here when he revolted against his
In front of the Mehrangarh Fort in the picture you can see the
34 A.D. The picture shows a seven-tiered, pyramidal structure father, Jahangir.
Jaswant Thada.
of the Chandra Mahal. On the ground floor, on the north side, 13. Kumbhalgarh Fort, Kumbhalgarh,
is the broad verandah called the Pritam Niwas, from which a 8. Facade, Zenana Mahal, Mehrangarh Fort,
Rajasthan
marble channel runs into the formal garden.In the main portion Jodhpur, Rajasthan
of the ground floor of the Chandra Mahal is situated the "Hall of Kumbhalgarh is a spectacular hill fort built by Maharana
The Garh palace of Mehrangarh Fort, of which about two third
audience". This is a small and rather low peristyle hall with the Kumbha, at a height of 1087 m above sea level and is about
is a zenana, was constructed during 1670 A.D. by Maharaja
familiar cusped arches. To the south-east of the Chandra Mahal 90 kms from Udaipur. It lies on the top most ridge of the hill,
Jaswant Singh. A major court of the zenana is Moti Mahal
is the building known as Diwan-i-Am (at present this is serving surrounded by thirteen other peaks. The Chittorgarh Fort and
chowk otherwise known as Moti Vilas. This zenana contains
as an art gallery). The royal women apartments (zenana) lies the Kumbhalgarh Fort are the two most important forts of
numerous jharokhas (small, projecting balcony) decorated
in the west of Chandra Mahal, which is a vast building. The two Mewar.
with jali work screens and capped by curved roofs. The whole
principal pavilions of the palace are the Badal Mahal and the structure is carved from sandstone and painted white. The The Kumbhalgarh Fort has four wide walls, and it was well
Govind Deo temple. Close to the Chandra Mahal is the famous profusion of jalis creates an illusion of delicate lace work. The equipped with batteries, and sufficient accommodation for the
Jantar Mantar constructed in 1718-34 A.D., (inset picture) narrow gallery between the arcade and the bracket of the stone troops and the public. It took fifteen years to complete the fort.
the largest of the five observatories built by Jai Singh II in the
The approach is impressive across deep ravines and through large corner bastions. In the middle of the west wall there is It has some fine ivory and ebony inlay work and a profusion
thick jungles. Seven massive gates guard the approaches, a fine gateway and in the middle of the east wall, a postern. of surface ornamentation. The Elephant Gate is flanked by
while seven ramparts, one within the other reinforced by The ramparts are crenellated, with high parapets. The main murals showing a royal wedding procession and bracketed
rounded bastions and huge watchtowers, render the fort gate, to the west is flanked by octagonal towers protected by a elephants, whose trunks are raised in a gesture of salutation
impregnable. Besides many gates, it has several temples like strong barbican. The main entrance has vaulted guard rooms, over the central arch. The exterior of the palace is a mixture
Kumbashyam, Nikhanth and Kuber within the fort. the fort is dominated by a huge masonry tower, the Bhim Burj, of robust fortification and delicate ornamental stone work. The
which was used to house one of the most famous cannons of Akhade ka Mahal was added to the west of the inner court
The outer wall embraces an area of several square miles. The
this region, the sixteenth century Garbh-Ganjam (now lost). between 1723 and 1756 A.D. and was later enlarged and
tiers of inner ramparts rise to the summit, which are crowned
The Rani Mahal at Taragarh, stands reflected in a large tank, reconstructed between 1888 and 1940 A.D. The prominent
by the Badal Mahal of the Ranas. The palace has several sets
with delicate fading miniatures on walls and coloured glasses Hawa Mahal, added next to the entrance to the fort in 1864
of rooms furnished in pastel colours in the nineteenth century
A.D. in windows. Bundi Fort contains many water tanks, one A.D. is a copy of the famous facade at Jaipur.
among them is the Sabirna-Dha-Ka-Kund. It is a deep, square
14. Ramparts, Kumbhalgarh Fort, Kumbhalgarh, stepped water tank, built in 1654 A.D. It is a fine example of
22. Jaisalmer Fort, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
Rajasthan three dimensional geometrical architecture. Jaisalmer was founded by Bhatti Chief Rawal Jaisal in 1156
A.D. It is situated in the Thar desert, about 287 kms from
The outer wall of the Kumbhalgarh Fort embraces an area of 19. Junagarh Fort, Bikaner, Rajasthan
Jodhpur. The fort stands on Trikuta hill, 76 m high and is
several square miles. This wall is comparable to the grandeur
Bikaner was founded by Bika, son of Rao Jodha in 1488 enclosed by an imposing crenellated sandstone wall 9.1 m
of the Great Wall of China.
A.D. The approach to the city of Bikaner is magnificent and high. It is reinforced with ninety-nine bastions which were
15. Alwar Palace, Alwar, Rajasthan it is situated on a raised ground. It is encircled by a 5.6 km. used as gun platforms. Wells within the fort provided a regular
long crenellated stone wall. There are five gates and three source of water. The Garh palace stands at the highest point
The building of the Alwar City Palace was commenced in underground passages, the walls varying in height between within the fort bordering two sides of an open square known
1793 A.D. by Raja Bakhtawar Singh. It consists of a varied 4.6 and 9.2 m. as the chauhata. This is also called the Juna Mahal. All
group of buildings of different styles of architecture. In front the windows have jali screens made of stone, typical of all
of the palace there is a large ornamental tank. The interior of Junagarh Fort was built by Raja Raj Singh, between 1588 and
Rajasthan buildings of the period. Between 1577 and 1623
the palace is notable for the Sheesh Mahal which is dotted 1593 A.D. This fort is situated in front of the public park. Its
A.D. the Suraj Pol, Ganesh Pol and Hawa Pol were erected.
with Rajput miniature paintings sealed under glass. Near the outer walls are approx. 990 m in circumference. The fort is
The Suraj Pol is decorated with a large rounded ornate Sun.
Sheesh Mahal is the armoury and the royal library, which known for its range of thirty-seven palaces and pavilions built
To its right is a large tower crowned by a kiosk with delicate
by chieftains and kings.
contains a fine collection of oriental manuscripts including a carved balconies called Tazia Tower, which has five storeys
copy of a beautifully illustrated Gulistan manuscript of 1848 Junagarh Fort's main entrance is through the Suraj Pol. In front of ornately carved details with drooping Bengali style roofs.
A.D. It also has a rich collection of bejewelled sabres, swords of this gateway, sculptures of two great warriors, Jaimal and Beyond a spiked entrance gate, on a sharp turn in the path is
and weapons. Patta are mounted on painted stone elephants. Karan Mahal the Ganesh Pol, which leads to Rang Pol. The outer defences
(Diwan-i-Am) built by Raja Karan Singh, is on the opposite side are reinforced by a second rampart, which runs parallel to and
The Palace is a delicate rendering of the style which emerged
of the chowk. The ceiling is supported by a continuous arcade higher than the first. Rang Mahal, situated above Hawa Pol, is
out of the blend of Rajput and Mughal style of architecture.
of cusped arches over balustrade and fluted columns. Above decorated with murals. Sarvotam Vilas, a most distinguished
16. Victory Tower, Chittorgarh Fort, Chittorgarh, the Karan Mahal is Gaj Mandir, a suite of royal apartments building is decorated with blue tiles and glass mosaics.
Rajasthan on the roof of which is Chatra Niwas, a small pavilion. Karan Adjacent is the Gaj Vilas, built in 1884 A.D. It stands on a high
Mahal leads to Dungar Niwas which has painted walls and a plinth, its eastern elevation facing the Square or chauhata.
Victory Tower or Jaya Stambh is a masterpiece of fifteenth white marble tank. This was filled with coloured water during
century revivalist Jain architecture, built by Rana Kumbha, Also within the four walls is an interesting group of Jain temples,
the festival of Holi. The oldest apartment of the fort is Lai
dating from the twelfth to fifteenth century A.D. The oldest is
one of the most powerful Kings of Mewar. It was designed Niwas. The walls are richly painted with stylized symmetrical,
the Parshawanath temple. They are all impressive and add
by an architect called Jaita to commemorate the victory over floral motifs. The balconies overlooking the chowk, to the
another dimension to the secular buildings of the city.
Mahmud Khalji of Malwa in 1440 A.D. The tower was mainly south, are fitted with jalis.
built by compact limestone and the quartz rock on which it 23. Salim Singh Ki Haveli, Jaisalmer,
The walls of Chandra Mahal built together with the Phool Mahal
stands. It has nine storeys rising to 37.2 m above the ground Rajasthan
and Gaj Mandir by Gaj Singh are beautifully painted. The
level. In each tier of this tower, there is a mandapa associated
Phool Mahal is decorated with motifs of flowers and delicately Salim Singh Ki Haveli was built in 1815 A.D. It was built
with a temple, enriched with balconied windows and is carved
inlaid mirror work. Anup Mahal contains the coronation hall on an earlier structure which was constructed in the late
profusely with the gods of the Hindu pantheon. The ninth
better known as the Raj Tilak Hall, which is decorated with
storey has a vault with a sculptured representation of Lord seventeenth century A.D. The Haveli has a beautiful arched
red sandstone and glass inlay work. The lovely Ganga Niws roof and exquisitely can/ed details with brackets in the form of
Krishna surrounded by dancing gopis.
(audience hall) was added in the nineteenth century A.D. peacocks. The entrance is guarded by a large stone elephant,
17. Deeg Palace, Deeg, Rajasthan (not seen in the picture). The upper portion of the house has
20. Anup Mahal, Junagarh Fort, Bikaner, Rajasthan
Deeg was the capital of the Jat Kingdom founded by Badan been compared to a ship’s prow and, is often called Jahaz
Singh. It is situated about 32 kms from Bharatpur. The fortress Anup Mahal was built between 1669 and 1698 A.D. and was Mahal. The top two storeys, the Kanchan Mahal and Ranga
decorated later by Maharaja Gaj Singh. It is an exquisite Mahal were once adorned with glass mosaics and bright
and the pleasure palaces of Deeg are of major architectural
building with a stunning coronation hall in red and gold. The Raj colours which no longer exist.
importance of that period.
Tilak Hall, as it is known, is enriched with ornamental lacquer
Badan Singh's palace at Deeg, also known as Purana Mahal, This Haveli belonged to the influential Mohta family and is still
work and opaque glass inlay work. One anti-chamber is vivid
is a single continuous mass of building built on a plain with used for residential purposes.
acquamarine blue inlaid with gilt. Another room contains the
little fortification. Inside the palace there are apartments, now famous hindola or swing, a rare specimen. 24. Nathumal’s Haveli, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
used for Government offices, with two open chowks, however
The Anup Mahal is the epitome of the splendourand decorative Nathumal's Haveli was built for the Diwan Maharawal Bari Sal
the building is a rectangular block. It’s upper portion consists
art of Rajput architecture and is the fabulous treasure-house in 1885 A.D.
of a number of domes and galleries. The main entrance of the
of a desert prince.
palace is via the Singh Pol. This gate has a huge archway The entrance is flanked by stone elephants and the entire
ornately carved with lions, some other architectural features 21. Kota Palace, Kota, Rajasthan facade is carved with a riot of ornamental details - soldiers,
of the palace are the Suraj Gate, the Nanga Gate and the two horses, elephants, flowers and birds. The building was
water tanks the Gopal Sagar and the Rup Sagar. In the picture Kota was founded in 1579 A.D., and is 39 kms. from Bundi. It
designed and built by two craftsmen-architects Hathi and
lies on the east bank of the Chambal river. The Kota palace
the reflection of the palace can be seen in the Gopal Sagar. Lulu. One carved on the left side, the other the right, but the
was built around 1625 A.D. by Madho Singh, son of Rao
18. Bundi Fort, Bundi, Rajasthan overall impact is one of complete harmony. Extraordinarily, the
Ratan Singh of Bundi.
house is built of rock and not dressed stone. In the main room
Bundi is situated in south-east Rajasthan. Bundi Fort was There is a large Durbar Hall, the Bhim Mahal constructed at the first-floor level, the entire front wall is a huge, single rock
constructed by Rao Deva Hara in 1342 A.D. This fort is in the early eighteenth century A.D., which is covered with carved into a bay. The inner walls are painted with beautiful
popularly known as Taragarh Fort. It is square in plan with Rajput miniatures depicting the history and legends of Kota. miniatures.
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1. Amber Fort, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Amber, the ancient capital of the Kachhawaha Rajputs lies in the rocky Aravalli hills, 11 kms north of Jaipur. Much
of what remains of the fortress-palace today was constructed during the reign of Raja Man Singh, the Rajput
commmander of Akbar’s army. It is built on a steep cliff; rectangular in concept, its towers and white walls are
reflected in a small lake. It’s long russet gold ramparts adhere to the architectural style of the period.

This fort comprises the Diwan-i-Am, Diwan-i-Khas, several palaces, courtyards and the famous Jagat Shiromani
and Shila Devi temples.

The entrance gate of the Amber Palace known as Ganesh Pol (inset) was added by Jai Singh I. Ganesh Pol is
situated between the Diwan-i-Am (Public Court) and the Diwan-i-Khas (Private Court). This gate serves as the
entrance for the public to the private courts of the palace. The gallery above the Ganesh Pol with lattice work
windows was constructed so as to allow the women in the family to watch the activities in the street without being
seen from outside.

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2. Sheesh Mahal, Amber Fort, Jaipur, Rajasthan

The eastern pavilion of the Amber palace is built in two storeys, one below the Jai mandir and
the other above the Jas mandir. The Jai mandir has the Diwan-i-Khas and the Sheesh Mahal,
The Hall of Mirrors’.

The picture shows the interior of the Sheesh Mahal. The plaster of the wall and ceiling is
embedded with tiny concave mirrors forming a variety of designs. When this palace was
occupied, lamps were lit after dark, the reflected light in the mirrors of the Sheesh Mahal
created an illusion of a multitude of stars in the sky.

Glass mosaic is a common Rajput technique used as decoration in buildings. The particular
patterns used here, especially the web of tiny arch-shaped indents, follow the Shahjahani
adaptation of this decorative art.

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3. City Palace, Chandra Mahal, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Jaipur, the Pink city of Rajasthan which is 241 kms. from Agra was founded by Maharaja Sawai Jai
Singh of Amber. The City Palace situated in the centre of the city is surrounded by a boundary wall, the
earliest building and the centre of the complex is the Chandra Mahal which was constructed in 1724-
34 A.D. The picture shows a seven-tiered, pyramidal structure of the Chandra Mahal. On the ground
floor, on the north side, is the broad verandah called the Pritam Niwas, from which a marble channel
runs into the formal garden.In the main portion of the ground floor of the Chandra Mahal is situated the
“Hall of audience”. This is a small and rather low peristyle hall with the familiar cusped arches. To the
south-east of the Chandra Mahal is the building known as Diwan-i-Am (at present this is serving as an
art gallery). The royal women apartments (zenana) lies in the west of Chandra Mahal, which is a vast
building. The two principal pavilions of the palace are the Badal Mahal and the Govind Deo temple.
Close to the Chandra Mahal is the famous Jantar Mantar constructed in 1718-34 A.D., (inset picture)
the largest of the five observatories built by Jai Singh II in the early eighteenth century A.D., the others
are at Delhi, Mathura, Ujjain and Varanasi.

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4. Jaigarh Fort, Jaipur, Rajasthan

The imposing Jaigarh Fort was built in 1600 A.D. by Raja Man Singh. It offers a beautiful view
of the plans and the city of Jaipur. This fort housed the famous treasures of the Kachhawaha
rulers in deep vaults. The fort was designed in a manner that no enemy could enter as it was
well protected from all sides. In the (inset) picture you can see Jaiwaan, one of the largest
cannon on wheels in the world, made in the foundry of Jaigarh.

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5. Jal Mahal, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Outside the Jaipur city walls are various other palace buildings. To the south-east on the Agra
road is the Sisodia Rani Mahal, built for the wife of Sawai Jai Singh (not seen in the picture).
To the north-east, numerous buildings line the road to Amber, of which the most important is
the Jal Mahal, a pleasure palace built in the middle of Man Sagar, the artificial lake.

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6. Hawa Mahal, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Hawa Mahal or Palace of the Winds is one of Jaipur’s major landmarks. It was built in 1799
A.D. by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh. This five storey building is a unique example of Rajput
architecture with its pink coloured semi octagonal and delicate honeycombed sandstone
windows. The first two storeys of the Hawa Mahal enclose basement and courtyards, but the
three storeys above consist only of passages and balconies. The exterior of the Hawa Mahal
gives the look of a Shikhara of a temple. It was originally built to enable the royal ladies, seated
in its 953 niches and windows to look down on processions in the main street below without
being seen by the common people. In the inset picture you can see the back view of the Hawa
Mahal.

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7. Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

Jodhpur is situated at a height of 235 m on a range of sandstone hills about 386 kms away from Jaipur. It was founded
by Rao Jodha in 1459 A.D. This Fort, popularly known as Mehrangarh, is 122 m above the plains and is enclosed by a
high wall with bastions. Its eastern towers and bastions are the strongest. The Fort is guarded by seven gates of which
the fourth gate has been destroyed. The first gate, Fateh Pol is between twin bastions and has a curved barbican, its lintel
is supported on corbels. Gcpal gate, Bhairon gate and Dodhkangra gates have elegant arches. The sixth gate, Loha Pol
has the hand prints of fifteen royal satis, wives of the Maharaja, this Loha Pol controls the final turn of the path of the fort
round the northern end. The seventh gate, Suraj Pol leads sideways from the eastern passage into the durbar court. The
Fort contains Moti Mahal, Phool Mahal, the royal ladies apartments (zenana), Salim Kot, Murli Manoharji temple, Kalka
temple, Chamunda temple, Chamunda-ki-Nandi and the two small tanks namely the Rani Talao and the Gulab Sagar to
the south. The Fort summit is divided into three areas, the palace of the north-west, the strongly fortified area to the south
edge of the cliff and a long wide terrace to the east of the palace.

In front of the Mehrangarh Fort in the picture you can see the Jaswant Thada.

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The Garh palace of Mehrangarh Fort, of which about two third is a zenana, was constructed
during 1670 A.D. by Maharaja Jaswant Singh. A major court of the zenana is Moti Mahal chowk
otherwise known as Moti Vilas. This zenana contains numerous jharokhas (small, projecting
balcony) decorated with jali work screens and capped by curved roofs. The whole structure is
carved from sandstone and painted white. The profusion of jalis creates an illusion of delicate
lace work. The narrow gallery between the arcade and the bracket of the stone supporting the
facade - a narrow strip along the edge of each room - is a unique feature peculiar to the Jodhpur
zenana.

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Jaswant Thada, a cluster of royal cenotaphs of royal chhatries was built in 1899 A.D. in the
memory of Maharaja Jaswant Singh II. The cenotaphs of the Jaswant Thada also has portraits
of the rulers of Jodhpur. Royal chhatries were built to commemorate the place where royalty
had been cremated and also served as a memorial to them.

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10. City Palace, Udaipur, Rajasthan

Udaipur, the beautiful city of lakes is situated about 259 kms from Jodhpur and was founded by Maharana Udai Singh. The City
Palace of the Maharanas, which stands along the banks of the Pichola lake, is an impressive complex of buildings in granite and
marble flanked by octagonal corner towers surmounted by cupolas. The exterior is plastered in white colour. The palace faces
the east. The entrance is through the Badi Pol, which contains the royal drums. The Suraj Pol is in line with Toran Pol, the main
gate of the palace building. The Toran Pol, which one could enter mounted on horseback leads into a large chowk, flanked by two
smaller palaces. The Sheesh Mahal is decorated with inlay mirror work and the Krishna Vilas with episodes from stories painted
in the miniature style. Blue and white Chinese and Dutch tiles are used in Chini-Ki-Chitra Mahal which is the central pavilion of the
palace. The Manak Mahal has glass and porcelain and the Moti Mahal is famous for its mirror work. The scenes from the Radha-
Krishna stories are painted on the walls of the Bhim Vilas, and the intricately crafted peacocks in fine mosaic relief on the walls of
Mor chowk of Pritam Vilas. The Zenana Mahal, gardens and fountains of Bada Mahal are beautifully constructed.
The Udaipur City Palace is a blend of Mughal decorative art and Rajput military architecture.

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11. Lake Palace, Udaipur, Rajasthan

Lake Pichola was formed in the fourteenth century A.D. Fringed with green hills and studded
with ghats and gardens, the lake provides an ethereal beauty to Udaipur.

Lake palace also known as Jag Niwas is built from white marble and was the summer palace
of the former royal family. Its balconies and windows overlook the lake. This airy complex has
marble floors and granite columns. The gardens and fountains are well laid and the rooms are
beautifully decorated. The Sajjan Niwas or Lotus suite of the palace contains murals which
depict girls dancing among lotus leaves. In the courtyard there is a lily pond. Jag Niwas has
now been converted to a hotel and is called the Lake Palace Hotel.

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12. Jag Mandir, Udaipur, Rajasthan

The Jag Mandir, which is on the southern island of the Pichola lake was built in 1551 A.D. The
domed pavilion or Gul Mahal, which is its greatest landmark, was commenced by Karan Singh.
It is one of the few examples of Mughal style of architecture in the state. It is said, that in 1623
A.D. Prince Khurram the future Emperor Shahjahan, lived here when he revolted against his
father, Jahangir.

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13. Kumbhalgarh Fort, Kumbhalgarh, Rajasthan

Kumbhalgarh is a spectacular hill fort built by Maharana Kumbha, at a height of 1087 m above sea level and
is about 90 kms from Udaipur. It lies on the top most ridge of the hill, surrounded by thirteen other peaks. The
Chittorgarh Fort and the Kumbhalgarh Fort are the two most important forts of Mewar.

The Kumbhalgarh Fort has four wide walls, and it was well equipped with batteries, and sufficient accommodation
for the troops and the public. It took fifteen years to complete the fort. The approach is impressive across deep
ravines and through thick jungles. Seven massive gates guard the approaches, while seven ramparts, one within
the other reinforced by rounded bastions and huge watchtowers, render the fort impregnable. Besides many gates,
it has several temples like Kumbashyam, Nikhanth and Kuber within the fort.

The outer wall embraces an area of several square miles. The tiers of inner ramparts rise to the summit, which are
crowned by the Badal Mahal of the Ranas. The palace has several sets of rooms furnished in pastel colours in the
nineteenth century A.D.

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The outer wall of the Kumbhalgarh Fort embraces an area of several square miles. This wall
is comparable to the grandeur of the Great Wall of China.

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15. Alwar Palace, Alwar, Rajasthan

The building of the Alwar City Palace was commenced in 1793 A.D. by Raja Bakhtawar Singh.
It consists of a varied group of buildings of different styles of architecture. In front of the palace
there is a large ornamental tank. The interior of the palace is notable for the Sheesh Mahal
which is dotted with Rajput miniature paintings sealed under glass. Near the Sheesh Mahal
is the armoury and the royal library, which contains a fine collection of oriental manuscripts
including a copy of a beautifully illustrated Gulistan manuscript of 1848 A.D. It also has a rich
collection of bejewelled sabres, swords and weapons.

The Palace is a delicate rendering of the style which emerged out of the blend of Rajput and
Mughal style of architecture.

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16. Victory Tower, Chittorgarh Fort, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan

Victory Tower or Jaya Stambh is a masterpiece of fifteenth century revivalist Jain architecture,
built by Rana Kumbha, one of the most powerful Kings of Mewar. It was designed by an architect
called Jaita to commemorate the victory over Mahmud Khalji of Malwa in 1440 A.D The tower
was mainly built by compact limestone and the quartz rock on which it stands. It has nine
storeys rising to 37.2 m above the ground level. In each tier of this tower, there is a mandapa
associated with a temple, enriched with balconied windows and is carved profusely with the
gods of the Hindu pantheon. The ninth storey has a vault with a sculptured representation of
Lord Krishna surrounded by dancing gopis.

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17. Deeg Palace, Deeg, Rajasthan

Deeg was the capital of the Jat Kingdom founded by Badan Singh. It is situated about 32 kms from
Bharatpur. The fortress and the pleasure palaces of Deeg are of major architectural importance of that
period.
Badan Singh’s palace at Deeg, also known as Purana Mahal, is a single continuous mass of building
built on a plain with little fortification. Inside the palace there are apartments, now used for Government
offices, with two open chowks, however the building is a rectangular block. It’s upper portion consists of a
number of domes and galleries. The main entrance of the palace is via the Singh Pol. This gate has a huge
archway ornately carved with lions, some other architectural features of the palace are the Suraj Gate, the
Nanga Gate and the two water tanks the Gopal Sagar and the Rup Sagar. In the picture the reflection of
the palace can be seen in the Gopal Sagar.

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18. Bundi Fort, Bundi, Rajasthan

Bundi is situated in south-east Rajasthan. Bundi Fort was constructed by Rao Deva Hara in
1342 A.D. This fort is popularly known as Taragarh Fort. It is square in plan with large corner
bastions. In the middle of the west wall there is a fine gateway and in the middle of the east
wall, a postern. The ramparts are crenellated, with high parapets. The main gate, to the west
is flanked by octagonal towers protected by a strong barbican. The main entrance has vaulted
guard rooms, the fort is dominated by a huge masonry tower, the Bhim Burj, which was used
to house one of the most famous cannons of this region, the sixteenth century Garbh-Ganjam
(now lost). The Rani Mahal at Taragarh, stands reflected in a large tank, with delicate fading
miniatures on walls and coloured glasses in windows. Bundi Fort contains many water tanks,
one among them is the Sabirna-Dha-Ka-Kund. It is a deep, square stepped water tank, built in
1654 A.D. It is a fine example of three dimensional geometrical architecture.

58
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19. Junagarh Fort, Bikaner, Rajasthan

Bikaner was founded by Bika, son of Rao Jodha in 1488 A.D. The approach to the city of Bikaner is magnificent and it is
situated on a raised ground. It is encircled by a 5.6 km. long crenellated stone wall. There are five gates and three underground
passages, the walls varying in height between 4.6 and 9.2 m.

Junagarh Fort was built by Raja Raj Singh, between 1588 and 1593 A.D. This fort is situated in front of the public park. Its outer walls
are approx. 990 m in circumference. The fort is known for its range of thirty-seven palaces and pavilions built by chieftains and kings.

Junagarh Fort’s main entrance is through the Suraj Pol. In front of this gateway, sculptures of two great warriors, Jaimal and
Patta are mounted on painted stone elephants. Karan Mahal (Diwan-i-Am) built by Raja Karan Singh, is on the opposite side
of the chowk. The ceiling is supported by a continuous arcade of cusped arches over balustrade and fluted columns. Above
the Karan Mahal is Gaj Mandir, a suite of royal apartments on the roof of which is Chatra Niwas, a small pavilion. Karan Mahal
leads to Dungar Niwas which has painted walls and a white marble tank. This was filled with coloured water during the festival
of Holi. The oldest apartment of the fort is Lai Niwas. The walls are richly painted with stylized symmetrical, floral motifs. The
balconies overlooking the chowk, to the south, are fitted with jalis.

The walls of Chandra Mahal built together with the Phool Mahal and Gaj Mandir by Gaj Singh are beautifully painted. The
Phool Mahal is decorated with motifs of flowers and delicately inlaid mirror work. Anup Mahal contains the coronation hall
better known as the Raj Tilak Hall, which is decorated with red sandstone and glass inlay work. The lovely Ganga Niwas
(audience hall) was added in the nineteenth century A.D.

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20. Anup Mahal, Junagarh Fort, Bikaner, Rajasthan

Anup Mahal was built between 1669 and 1698 A.D. and was decorated later by Maharaja Gaj
Singh. It is an exquisite building with a stunning coronation hall in red and gold. The Raj Tilak
Hall, as it is known, is enriched with ornamental lacquer work and opaque glass inlay work.
One anti-chamber is vivid acquamarine blue inlaid with gilt. Another room contains the famous
hindola or swing, a rare specimen.
The Anup Mahal is the epitome of the splendour and decorative art of Rajput architecture and
is the fabulous treasure-house of a desert prince.

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21. Kota Palace, Kota, Rajasthan

Kota was founded in 1579 A.D., and is 39 kms. from Bundi. It lies on the east bank of the Chambal
river. The Kota palace was built around 1625 A.D. by Madho Singh, son of Rao Ratan Singh of
Bundi.

There is a large Durbar Hall, the Bhim Mahal constructed in the early eighteenth century A.D., which
is covered with Rajput miniatures depicting the history and legends of Kota. It has some fine ivory
and ebony inlay work and a profusion of surface ornamentation. The Elephant Gate is flanked by
murals showing a royal wedding procession and bracketed elephants, whose trunks are raised
in a gesture of salutation over the central arch. The exterior of the palace is a mixture of robust
fortification and delicate ornamental stone work. The Akhade ka Mahal was added to the west of the
inner court between 1723 and 1756 A.D. and was later enlarged and reconstructed between 1888
and 1940 A.D. The prominent Hawa Mahal, added next to the entrance to the fort in 1864 A.D. is a
copy of the famous facade at Jaipur.

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22. Jaisalmer Fort, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan

Jaisalmer was founded by Bhatti Chief Rawal Jaisal in 1156 A.D. It is situated in the Thar desert, about 287 kms from Jodhpur.
The fort stands on Trikuta hill, 76 m high and is enclosed by an imposing crenellated sandstone wall 9.1 m high. It is reinforced
with ninety-nine bastions which were used as gun platforms. Wells within the fort provided a regular source of water. The
Garh palace stands at the highest point within the fort bordering two sides of an open square known as the chauhata. This is
also called the Juna Mahal. All the windows have jali screens made of stone, typical of all Rajasthan buildings of the period.
Between 1577 and 1623 A.D. the Suraj Pol, Ganesh Pol and Hawa Pol were erected. The Suraj Pol is decorated with a large
rounded ornate Sun. To its right is a large tower crowned by a kiosk with delicate carved balconies called Tazia Tower, which
has five storeys of ornately carved details with drooping Bengali style roofs. Beyond a spiked entrance gate, on a sharp turn
in the path is the Ganesh Pol, which leads to Rang Pol. The outer defences are reinforced by a second rampart, which runs
parallel to and higher than the first. Rang Mahal, situated above Hawa Pol, is decorated with murals. Sarvotam Vilas, a most
distinguished building is decorated with blue tiles and glass mosaics. Adjacent is the Gaj Vilas, built in 1884 A.D. It stands on
a high plinth, its eastern elevation facing the Square or chauhata.

Also within the four walls is an interesting group of Jain temples, dating from the twelfth to fifteenth century A.D. The oldest is
the Parshawanath temple. They are all impressive and add another dimension to the secular buildings of the city.

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23. Salim Singh Ki Haveii, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan

Salim Singh Ki Haveii was built in 1815 A.D. It was built on an earlier structure which was
constructed in the late seventeenth century A.D. The Haveii has a beautiful arched roof and
exquisitely carved details with brackets in the form of peacocks. The entrance is guarded by
a large stone elephant, (not seen in the picture). The upper portion of the house has been
compared to a ship’s prow and, is often called Jahaz Mahal. The top two storeys, the Kanchan
Mahal and Ranga Mahal were once adorned with glass mosaics and bright colours which no
longer exist.

This Haveii belonged to the influential Mohta family and is still used for residential purposes.

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24. Nathumal’s Haveli, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan

Nathumal’s Haveli was built for the Diwan Maharawal Bari Sal in 1885 A.D.

The entrance is flanked by stone elephants and the entire facade is carved with a riot of
ornamental details - soldiers, horses, elephants, flowers and birds. The building was designed
and built by two craftsmen-architects Hathi and Lulu. One carved on the left side, the other the
right, but the overall impact is one of complete harmony. Extraordinarily, the house is built of
rock and not dressed stone. In the main room at the first-floor level, the entire front wall is a
huge, single rock carved into a bay. The inner walls are painted with beautiful miniatures.

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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the Centre for Cultural Resources and Training
Published by Director, Centre for Cultural Resources and Training, New Delhi
Printed at Aravali Printers & Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi -110 020
2015